Academic literature on the topic 'Caprice Variations'

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Journal articles on the topic "Caprice Variations"

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Berntson, Gary G., Greg J. Norman, Louise C. Hawkley, and John T. Cacioppo. "Evolution of neuroarchitecture, multi-level analyses and calibrative reductionism." Interface Focus 2, no. 1 (November 30, 2011): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2011.0063.

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Evolution has sculpted the incredibly complex human nervous system, among the most complex functions of which extend beyond the individual to an intricate social structure. Although these functions are deterministic, those determinants are legion, heavily interacting and dependent on a specific evolutionary trajectory. That trajectory was directed by the adaptive significance of quasi-random genetic variations, but was also influenced by chance and caprice. With a different evolutionary pathway, the same neural elements could subserve functions distinctly different from what they do in extant human brains. Consequently, the properties of higher level neural networks cannot be derived readily from the properties of the lower level constituent elements, without studying these elements in the aggregate. Thus, a multi-level approach to integrative neuroscience may offer an optimal strategy. Moreover, the process of calibrative reductionism, by which concepts and understandings from one level of organization or analysis can mutually inform and ‘calibrate’ those from other levels (both higher and lower), may represent a viable approach to the application of reductionism in science. This is especially relevant in social neuroscience, where the basic subject matter of interest is defined by interacting organisms across diverse environments.
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MORAND-FEHR, P. M., R. BAUMONT, and D. SAUVANT. "Avant-propos : Un dossier sur l’élevage caprin : pourquoi ?" INRAE Productions Animales 25, no. 3 (August 25, 2012): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2012.25.3.3210.

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Un dossier d’INRA Productions Animales consacré à l’élevage caprin en 2012 peut surprendre. Représentant moins de 1% du produit brut de l’Agriculture Française, cet élevage largement ancré dans son environnement socioculturel local et dans la tradition de terroirs variés, évoque encore, mais de moins en moins, des images du passé comme celle de la «vache du pauvre» ou de la grandmère gardant trois chèvres au bord du chemin. Cet élevage s’est en effet marginalisé au XIXème siècle et dans la première moitié du XXème siècle dans les pays qui s’industrialisaient, notamment en Europe où l’effectif caprin ne représente plus actuellement que 2% du total mondial. De nombreux arguments ont milité pour éditer ce dossier, d’abord la rapide transformation de l’élevage caprin à la fin du XXème siècle et plus encore dans ces premières années du XXIème siècle, ensuite des travaux originaux conduits récemment sur l’espèce caprine, qui sont venus combler le retard important que cette espèce avait accumulé en matière de recherches agronomiques et vétérinaires. A l’échelle mondiale, l’élevage caprin est celui dont les effectifs ont le plus augmenté au cours de ces vingt dernières années (FAOSTAT 2010) : 4ème troupeau mondial avec plus de 900 millions de têtes (470 millions en 1975) derrière les bovins, les ovins et les porcins ; d’après les prévisions, il deviendrait le 3ème autour de 2015. Nombreuses sont les explications à cette situation un peu paradoxale, mais deux sont souvent avancées par les experts. Cette progression actuelle des effectifs caprins s’observe presque exclusivement dans les pays en développement et dans certains pays émergents. Elle serait surtout due aux difficultés que rencontre le maintien de l’élevage des autres espèces domestiques dans ces zones, dans certains cas du fait de l’appauvrissement des éleveurs et des acteurs des filières animales. Cette progression tient aussi au fait que le marché des caprins a une réalité essentiellement locale et que, dans ces conditions, il n’est pas exposé aux crises internationales que le marché des produits des autres espèces a pu subir au cours des quarante dernières années. En Europe, les effectifs caprins sont restés assez stables : 12,5 M de têtes au total, 1,3 M en France dont 1,1 M de femelles laitières âgées de plus d’un an. La France possède le troisième troupeau (10% des effectifs européens), assez loin derrière la Grèce (37%) et l’Espagne (22%). Il convient de noter la progression importante des effectifs caprins en Roumaine et aux Pays-Bas au cours de la dernière décennie. L’élevage caprin européen, et particulièrement l’élevage français, s’est fortement spécialisé en production laitière puisque 75 à 93% environ du produit brut des ateliers caprins en France provient du lait. En effet, la marge brute que dégage la production de chevreaux de boucherie est réduite en raison des coûts des aliments d’allaitement et des aléas liés à la mortalité périnatale. Des avancées dans les techniques d’élevage, notamment dans les domaines de l’alimentation et de la génétique, ont permis des améliorations assez rapides des performances des femelles laitières. La production laitière moyenne des 240 000 chèvres inscrites au contrôle laitier en 2010 était de 842 kg de lait sur une durée moyenne de lactation de 274 jours avec un taux protéique de 32,3 g/kg de lait et un taux butyreux de 37,0 g/kg de lait. Le plus intéressant à noter, c’est qu’en dix ans la production laitière annuelle au contrôle laitier a progressé de 90 kg, le taux protéique de 1,6 g/kg et le taux butyreux de 2,5 g/kg (Institut de l’Elevage 2012). La France est le premier producteur européen de lait de chèvre avec 30% du lait produit. Plus de 80% de ce lait est transformé en fromages. Même si la consommation présente quelques signes d’essoufflement actuellement, l’augmentation de la production de lait de chèvre depuis plus de trente ans et en conséquence celle des fromages a en général été bien absorbée par la demande, en progression malgré quelques périodes tendues. Ce résultat est dû notamment à de nouveaux produits de qualités rhéologique et organoleptique bien adaptées pour conquérir de nouveaux marchés, à l’utilisation de technologies avancées en matière fromagère et à la bonne image de ce fromage (produit festif et de qualité) auprès des consommateurs. Le secteur caprin en France a suivi l’évolution générale des productions animales : mécanisation du travail, simplification des techniques pour réduire le coût de production et pour améliorer l’efficacité du travail, augmentation rapide de la taille des unités de production. Plus de 35% de chèvres laitières appartiennent à des unités de plus de 350 têtes et la production est de plus en plus concentrée dans une région, le Poitou-Charentes, qui produit plus de 50% du lait de chèvre en France et en transforme encore plus. Bref, cette évolution et ces résultats, malgré un contexte qui tend à devenir de moins en moins favorable, s’expliquent par de multiples raisons, entre autres, la mise en place d’une filière bien organisée, des éleveurs motivés et le plus souvent passionnés par leur métier et une coopération étroite et efficace entre la recherche et le développement tant au niveau national que régional. Cette coopération exemplaire a débuté dès les années 1955-1965 avec des pionniers comme G. Ricordeau, à qui l’on doit la mise en évidence du gène sans corne expliquant le taux élevé d’infertilité en caprins, facteur qui a longtemps freiné le développement caprin (Ricordeau 2008) et J.-M. Corteel, qui a beaucoup travaillé sur la mise au point des techniques d’insémination artificielle (Leboeuf 2013). Ils ont su gagner la confiance des éleveurs, même parfois de petites unités. Ce lien s’est poursuivi et développé ensuite grâce à la création de la section caprine de l’Institut technique ovin et caprin (ITOVIC), mais aussi par des relations directes et personnelles entre chercheurs et responsables du développement ou par des réunions informelles autour de certains problèmes que rencontraient les éleveurs.Cette coopération a très bien résisté dans les années 1980, d’une part, aux nouvelles demandes des éleveurs qui donnaient la priorité aux questions socio-économiques suite à la première crise du prix du lait de chèvre en 1981 et, d’autre part, aux évolutions de la politique de l’INRA, qui face aux nouveaux enjeux scientifiques et technologiques, a été conduit à considérer comme moins prioritaire certaines recherches appliquées intéressant le développement. Ainsi, malgré l’évolution des problématiques scientifiques et des relations entre le monde de la recherche et du développement, mais aussi face au développement rapide de la recherche caprine dans les pays émergents, la recherche caprine en France est toujours très active. Un sondage bibliométrique montre que le nombre de publications avec «dairy goat» en mot-clé, de 250 à 300 par an dans les années 1980-1990, s’est accru nettement au début des années 2000 pour se situer actuellement vers les 700 publications par an. Au cours des dix dernières années, les pays qui ont le plus contribué à ces publications ont été la France, donc l’INRA, suivie par les USA, l’Italie et l’Espagne, eux-mêmes suivis par le Brésil, le Mexique et la Turquie. Ce dossier de la revue INRA Productions Animales a donc pour objectif d’illustrer le dynamisme des recherches menées en France sur les caprins, s’il était encore nécessaire de le faire. Le choix des six thèmes de recherche retenus pour constituer ce numéro n’a pas été aisé en raison du nombre de thèmes possibles. L’ambition de ce dossier n’étant pas d’être exhaustif, la rédaction de la revue et son comité se sont mis d’accord pour ne pas retenir de sujets dans les domaines où les publications ont déjà été nombreuses. C’est le cas, par exemple, de la traite des chèvres laitières (Le Du 1989, Marnet et al 2001), du polymorphisme de la caséine alpha chez les caprins (Grosclaude et al 1994, Manfredi et al 1995) ou encore de la reproduction caprine. INRA Production Animales a en effet déjà publié des articles exhaustifs sur la neuro-endocrinologie de la reproduction chez le caprin (Chemineau et Delgadillo 1994), sur le comportement sexuel de cette espèce (Fabre-Nys 2000), sur la production et la conservation de semence de bouc (Leboeuf et al 2003) et récemment sur la maîtrise de la reproduction de l’espèce caprine (Leboeuf et al 2008). Il a été proposé de sélectionner des thèmes novateurs ou riches en résultats récents, qui intéressent le développement de l’élevage caprin en France, mais aussi de portée internationale. Dans ces conditions, il a d’abord été retenu trois thèmes représentant des dimensions basiques de l’élevage : génétique, pathologie, alimentation avec des articles faisant le point sur les dernières avancées dans chaque secteur, et trois autres thèmes originaux et porteurs d’avenir, le pâturage des chèvres laitières hautes productrices, les apports de la modélisation pour comprendre le fonctionnement du troupeau de chèvres laitières et les techniques rationnelles d’élevage caprin en milieu tropical. Le premier article de Manfredi et Ådnøy (2012) sur la génétique des caprins laitiers, est un travail franco-norvégien illustrant la collaboration continue sur ce thème entre les deux pays depuis près de 50 ans. Il fait le point sur les études de génétique polygénique relatives à la production et à la composition du lait. Il traite de l’approche moléculaire qui démarre en caprins et surtout répond à la question d’actualité sur ce que nous pouvons attendre dans les années futures de la sélection génomique en caprins. Le deuxième article de Hoste et al (2012) sur la pathologie caprine, a réuni des spécialistes de l’INRA, des écoles vétérinaires, de l’Anses et de l’Institut de l’Elevage. Il fait le point sur les recherches en cours et leurs applications concernant diverses pathologies infectieuses d’actualité dans le secteur caprin. Ainsi il passe en revue les principales pathologies provoquées par les prions et les virus, par les agents bactériens et la question des parasites gastro-intestinaux. L’article évoque aussi le projet de la mise en place d’un observatoire des maladies caprines en France. Il se termine par une réflexion intéressante soulignant la proximité des agents pathogènes en ovins et caprins et les différences dans les processus morbides chez ces deux espèces. Il en conclut que des études originales sur caprins sont tout à fait fondamentales pour appréhender certains mécanismes pathogéniques. L’article suivant de Sauvant et al (2012) se propose d’actualiser les recommandations alimentaires des caprins publiées en 2007, pour répondre à une demande du développement. Les avancées dans ce domaine proviennent notamment d’une approche modélisée de la connaissance des nombreuxfacteurs de variation du poids vif, de la production laitière et de la composition de lait. Les lois de réponse plus précises aux apports d’aliments concentrés, les nouvelles lois de réponse concernant la sécrétion des acides gras du lait ainsi que les excrétions d’azote et de méthane, ainsi que les valeurs repères applicables sur le terrain concernant le comportement alimentaire, l’acidose et les besoins en eau sont les principales nouveautés. L’alimentation représente, rappelons-le, 70% en moyenne du prix de revient du litre de lait de chèvre. Parmi les trois articles plus spécifiques sur des sujets originaux, figure l’article de Lefrileux et al (2012) sur l’aptitude des chèvres hautes productrices de lait à valoriser les prairies temporaires au pâturage. Il répond à des demandes variées, notamment la demande sociétale pour une conduite d’élevage plus écologique. Or, peu d’information existe sur ce sujet, d’une part, en raison de la diminution de ce mode d’alimentation à cause des problèmes parasitaires rencontrés et, d’autre part, car la chèvre a la réputation d’être une mauvaise utilisatrice du pâturage et d’avoir un comportement très affirmé pour sélectionner son ingéré. Les auteurs montrent qu’il est possible d’obtenir des performances laitières de 1000 – 1100 kg de lait par an et par chèvre avec des régimes alimentaires où plus de 50% des besoins énergétiques sont couverts par le pâturage. L’étude du fonctionnement du troupeau caprin est un sujet qui a déjà été développé à l’INRA (Santucci et al 1994) mais, au cours de ces dernières années, elle a fait l’objet d’avancées importantes grâce à l’utilisation de la modélisation. L’article de Puillet et al (2012) présente un simulateur de fonctionnement du troupeau caprin laitier permettant de tenir compte de la variabilité individuelle des carrières animales et d’étudier comment les conduites de l’alimentation et de la reproduction mises en œuvre par l’éleveur, modulent les performances du troupeau. De tels outils sont appelés à l’avenir à avoir diverses applications au niveau du terrain pour les agents de développement, par exemple pour quantifier le risque biologique associé à certaines conduites d’élevage. Le Centre INRA des Antilles-Guyane travaille depuis plus de 50 ans sur l’amélioration des systèmes de production caprine en milieu tropical (Alexandre et al 1997). Alexandre et al (2012) présentent dans le dernier article de ce numéro une synthèse sur la situation de l’élevage caprin en zone tropicale. Rappelons que 95% des caprins vivent en milieu tropical. A travers leur grande expérience du sujet, ces auteurs proposent des voies d’amélioration très prometteuses grâce à l’apport d’intrants bien réfléchi techniquement et économiquement, à l’utilisation de l’effet mâle en reproduction et à une complémentation à base d’aliments non conventionnels. Les six articles de ce numéro ne doivent pas occulter les autres recherches sur les caprins effectuées par l’INRA ou d’autres organismes. Comme il n’est pas possible d’être exhaustif, citons simplement quelques exemples qui peuvent intéresser le développement : la maîtrise de la reproduction femelle sans utilisation d’hormones pour répondre aux cahiers des charges de certains produits caprins labellisés (Brice et al 2002) ; la monotraite, technique qui a priori séduit les éleveurs en permettant une réduction de charge de travail (Komara et Marnet 2009) ; les risques d’acidose en liaison avec le comportement alimentaire des chèvres laitières, trouble métabolique encore fréquent avec certainstypes de régimes et dont les conséquences économiques peuvent être importantes (Desnoyers et al 2009) ; l’évaluation des systèmes de production caprine (Bossis et al 2008, Toussaint et al 2009) sans oublier les travaux de technologie laitière réalisées par l’ITPLC sur le fromage de chèvre (Raynal-Ljutovac et al 2007a). Il faut noter aussi le début d’études sur le bien-être des caprins (Servière et Morand-Fehr 2012) et le besoin de travaux sur les lactations longues (14 - 20 mois),technique qui séduit de plus en plus d’éleveurs. Nous devons aussi signaler deux documents importants, l’un sur la qualité du lait de petits ruminants (Haenlein et al 2007) et l’autre sur la production et la qualité de la viande caprine (Mahgoub et al 2011) dans lesquels les travaux de recherches français sur l’influence des systèmes d’alimentation sur la qualité du lait de chèvre (Morand-Fehr et al 2007), sur la stabilité à la chaleur de ce lait (Raynal-Ljutovac et al 2007b) et sur la composition lipidique du chevreau (Morand-Fehr et al 2011) sont présentés. Il nous reste à souhaiter que la lecture de ce numéro apporte une somme d’informations originales à tous les lecteurs cherchant à prendre connaissance des dernières avancées de la recherche caprine et que la recherche caprine se maintienne et se développe à l’avenir en France pour répondre aux demandes de la filière, mais aussi en milieu tropical où les caprins jouent un rôle socio-économique essentiel pour certaines populations rurales.
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Nikolenko, R. "The specifics of the ironic in the Marc-André Hamelin’s creativity on the example of “Variations on a Theme of Paganini”." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 52, no. 52 (October 3, 2019): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-52.09.

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Background. From the era of romanticism to the present day there is a stable interest of world-renowned virtuoso musicians to such kind of creativity as transcription, which makes it possible to speak not only as a performer, but also to express themselves in the composer’s perspective. Many prominent pianists of different eras have made a significant contribution to this branch of musical art, we need only recall the names of F. Liszt, K. Tausig G. von Bulow, F. Busoni, L. Godowsky, Vladimir Horowitz, Glenn Gould. Among artists of our time, it should be noted the Canadian piano virtuoso and composer Marc-Andre Hamelin, for which transcriptions are characterized by a harmonious combination of technical complications and modernization of the selected thematic material, which provides his music a wide audience. A striking confirmation of this are the thousands of views of his transcriptions on the channel in YouTube. Perhaps one of the secrets of such popularity is not only the actualization of the musical language of the original, but also The article is devoted to the specifics of the ironic, as one of the manifestations of the comic, in creative heritage of the world-famous Canadian pianist and composer Marc-André Hamelin On material Of “Variations on a Theme of Paganini”, which are the most illustrative example in this perspective, the features of the artist’s work with a quote thematic material. Identifies certain dominants of the composer’s style, among them: the destruction elected canons, their modification and approach to the aesthetics of the modern world perception through the use of the musical language of the XX–XXI centuries, as well as the desire for harmonious unification, combining styles of different eras within one work. Objectives. The object of research is a musical composition; its subject of research is the identification of the specifics of the irony in the composer’s style. The purpose of the article is to consider the trends of manifestation of irony and the stylistic orientations in the composer’s work of Hamelin, referring to the most indicative in this aspect of the work “Variations on a Theme of Paganini”. Methodology. Structural-functional and genre-style methods are applied in the consideration of the compositional and stylistic specificity of “Variations on a Theme of Paganini”. To identify the peculiarities of the composer’s work with quotations, the method of comparative analysis was used. The methodological basis consists of the concepts of postmodern citation put forward by such leading researchers and representatives of postmodernism as Umberto Eco and Sigmund Bauman. Presenting the main material. The figure of Niccolo Paganini, enveloped in a mysterious halo, attracted the attention of contemporaries and many artists of subsequent generations, and his creative heritage found a significant response in the musical environment. One of the most famous works of N. Paganini has a cycle “Twenty-four capris” for solo violin, among which the most frequently used for a variety of composer’s interpretations was the theme of Caprice No. 24. Interesting is the fact that it remains relevant, continuing even in the twenty-first century to attract attention. A striking example of this is the Hamelin’s “Variations on a Theme of Paganini” (2011). This work, written for solo piano, is a dedication to the American composer, pianist, conductor, teacher Yehud Weiner and his wife Susan Dewen-Weiner. In his interpretation of Caprice 24, the composer chooses a free interpretation of his figurative and substantial side. This is evidenced not only by the increase in the number of variations (14 instead of 11), but also many other aspects that appear at different levels of composition of the whole. It turns out the specificity of the composer’s work with the quote material, which permeates the whole work, the tendency to its ironic interpretation, as well as harmonious coexistence within the work of styles of different eras, their combination. Results. This work is one of the most striking embodiments of the ironic in the work of the Canadian artist. Here is typical for his style work with the used material quote, the basis of which – the destruction of the selected sample, bringing atypical for the original harmonic, melodic, rhythmic turns. Most often such “curvature” is used at the first posted quote topics. The composer tends to synthesize several styles within the framework of the work, this is often achieved by combining one of the styles of past eras with the styles of modernity, while not contrasting, isolating, contrasting them, but creating a melodic, tonal-harmonic and compositional integrity. Conclusion. Hamelin’s “Variations on a Theme of Paganini” represent a vivid manifestation of the ideas of postmodern worldview in music, which is based on the ironic attitude to the sample of the past.
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Rey, Bernard, and U. Jacob. "Modalités d'exploitation des caprins dans la province de Ngozi, Burundi." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 46, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9420.

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Cet article présente les modalités d'exploitation des caprins dans la province de Ngozi au Burundi. Les données ont été recueillies sur deux ans par un suivi zootechnique de 251 éleveurs. Parmi ceux-ci, 158 avaient des caprins croisés Alpine et étaient encadrés par le projet caprin de Ngozi. L'évolution de la taille et de la composition génétique des troupeaux d'une part, les pratiques de vente, d'autoconsommation et traite d'autre part, sont analysées. Les variations de comportement des différents types d'éleveurs sont soulignées. La fonction d'épargne que jouent les caprins dans ce système agraire a eu comme resultat une forte fluctuation de cette population au sein des troupeaux et la permutation des éleveurs avec abandon de l'élevage caprin par 6,3 % d'entre eux chaque année. L'adoption des caprins croisés par une fraction des éleveurs s'est accompagnée de modifications des pratiques d'exploitation : traite et vente du lait; vente des chèvres à un âge moyen plus élevé, alors que les chevreaux l'ont été au même âge. Les chevreaux les plus lourds de la race locale ont néanmoins fait l'objet d'une sélection, au contraire des chevreaux croisés.
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Hrkovic-Porobija, Amina, Aida Hodzic, Mensur Vegara, Husein Ohran, Almira Softic, Aida Kavazovic, and Maja Varatanovic. "The fatty acid composition of sheep's milk of an autochthonous breed." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 35, no. 1 (2019): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1901035h.

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The study included a total of 127 sheep milk samples from two different areas (Livno and Travnik) in summer feeding period (July, August and September). Fatty acids in milk were determined by gas chromatography (GC). The animals were marked with the appropriate number of ear tags on the basis of which we always took samples from the same animals through different periods. Fatty acids in milk were determined by gas chromatography and the following fatty acids composition: butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, rumenic acid. The fatty acid content of sheep's milk in this study showed a tendency of variation, both within and between sampling areas, and characterized by its relatively high content of saturated fatty acid (SFA) during the period of harvest.
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Cummings, J. F., E. S. Grood, D. L. Butler, and M. S. Levy. "Subject variation in caprine anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction." Journal of Orthopaedic Research 20, no. 5 (September 2002): 1009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0736-0266(02)00034-7.

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Perry, Jeffrey. "Paganini's Quest: The Twenty-four Capricci per violino solo, Op. 1." 19th-Century Music 27, no. 3 (2004): 208–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncm.2004.27.3.208.

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Nicolo Paganini (1782-1840) has long been viewed as an emblem of virtuosity, his music heard, if at all, through the variations and adaptations of other composers. This historical neglect and the Paganini mythos notwithstanding, the twenty-four Caprices, op. 1, published in 1820, establish his place as a serious composer whose innovations must be considered in any assessment of early Romanticism. In the Caprices, two voices seem to speak. The first is lyrical and draws on the vocal and operatic roots of PaganiniÕs musical upbringing. The second I have labeled the questive voice. Romanticism is an aesthetic of distance; the questive voice is a means of traversing the immensity that is the one essential feature of early Romanticism in its incarnations. This immensity manifests itself in the wide registral space opened and explored in the Caprices; in the motivically driven, asymmetrical construction of many passages found therein; and in the extensive harmonic reach of many of the Caprices. This article presents close readings of Caprices nos. 1, 2, 4, 9, and 10, drawing on Schenkerian methodologies and work by Ratner, Caplin, and Burnham to articulate the lyrical/questive dichotomy and interplay between technique and expression in these singular works by a singular composer.
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Jørgensen, H. J., T. Mørk, D. A. Caugant, A. Kearns, and L. M. Rørvik. "Genetic Variation among Staphylococcus aureus Strains from Norwegian Bulk Milk." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 12 (December 2005): 8352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.12.8352-8361.2005.

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ABSTRACT Strains of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from bovine (n = 117) and caprine (n = 114) bulk milk were characterized and compared with S. aureus strains from raw-milk products (n = 27), bovine mastitis specimens (n = 9), and human blood cultures (n = 39). All isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In addition, subsets of isolates were characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), multiplex PCR (m-PCR) for genes encoding nine of the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE), and the cloverleaf method for penicillin resistance. A variety of genotypes were observed, and greater genetic diversity was found among bovine than caprine bulk milk isolates. Certain genotypes, with a wide geographic distribution, were common to bovine and caprine bulk milk and may represent ruminant-specialized S. aureus. Isolates with genotypes indistinguishable from those of strains from ruminant mastitis were frequently found in bulk milk, and strains with genotypes indistinguishable from those from bulk milk were observed in raw-milk products. This indicates that S. aureus from infected udders may contaminate bulk milk and, subsequently, raw-milk products. Human blood culture isolates were diverse and differed from isolates from other sources. Genotyping by PFGE, MLST, and m-PCR for SE genes largely corresponded. In general, isolates with indistinguishable PFGE banding patterns had the same SE gene profile and isolates with identical SE gene profiles were placed together in PFGE clusters. Phylogenetic analyses agreed with the division of MLST sequence types into clonal complexes, and isolates within the same clonal complex had the same SE gene profile. Furthermore, isolates within PFGE clusters generally belonged to the same clonal complex.
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Zhao, Mengli, Huitong Zhou, Jon G. H. Hickford, Hua Gong, Jiqing Wang, Jiang Hu, Xiu Liu, Shaobin Li, Zhiyun Hao, and Yuzhu Luo. "Variation in the caprine keratin-associated protein 15-1 (KAP15-1) gene affects cashmere fibre diameter." Archives Animal Breeding 62, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-125-2019.

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Abstract. Keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are a structural component of cashmere fibre, and variation in some KAP genes (KRTAPs) has been associated with a number of caprine fibre traits. In this study, we report the identification of KRTAP15-1 in goats. Sequence variation in the gene was detected using the polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique in 250 Longdong goats, and six variants (named A to F) containing eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Five of the SNPs were non-synonymous and would lead to putative amino acid changes. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that KRTAP15-1 was expressed in secondary hair follicles but not in heart tissue, liver tissue, lung tissue, kidney tissue or the longissimus dorsi muscle. Despite being rich in cysteine, the caprine KAP15-1 protein possesses a high content of serine and moderate content of glycine and phenylalanine. Association analyses revealed that KRTAP15-1 variant A was associated with decreased mean fibre diameter (MFD), and this effect appeared to be dominant; while variant C was found to be associated with increased MFD, the effect being recessive. The findings suggest that caprine KRTAP15-1 is highly polymorphic and that variation in this gene affects cashmere MFD.
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Wang, Jiqing, Huitong Zhou, Yuzhu Luo, Mengli Zhao, Hua Gong, Zhiyun Hao, Jiang Hu, and Jon G. H. Hickford. "Variation in the Caprine KAP24-1 Gene Affects Cashmere Fibre Diameter." Animals 9, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9010015.

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The keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) are structural components of cashmere fibres. The gene encoding the high-sulphur (HS)-KAP24-1 (KRTAP24-1) has been identified in humans and sheep, but it has not been described in goats. In this study, we report the identification of caprine KRTAP24-1, describe variation in this gene, and investigate the effect of this variation on cashmere traits. A search for sequences orthologous to the ovine gene in the goat genome revealed a 774 bp open reading frame on chromosome 1, which could encode an HS-KAP. Based on this goat genome sequence and comparison with ovine KRTAP24-1 sequences, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed to amplify an 856 bp fragment that would contain the entire coding region of the putative caprine KRTAP24-1. Use of this PCR amplification with subsequent single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the amplicons identified four distinct patterns of DNA bands on gel electrophoresis, with these representing four different DNA sequences (A to D), in 340 Longdong cashmere goats reared in China. The variant sequences had the highest similarity to KRTAP24-1 sequences from sheep and humans, suggesting that they are variants of caprine KRTAP24-1. Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the gene, including four non-synonymous SNPs and an SNP in proximity to the ATG start codon. Of the three common genotypes (AA, AB, and BB) found in these Longdong cashmere goats, cashmere fibres from goats of genotype AA had lower mean fibre diameter (MFD) than did those of genotype AB, and cashmere fibres from goats of genotype AB had lower MFD than did those from goats of genotype BB.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Caprice Variations"

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Yang, Hokyung. "12 variations on Paganini's 24th caprice : an analysis /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11263.

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Park, Siryung. "George Rochberg’s Caprice Variations for Unaccompanied Violin: A Stylistic Study and Performance Guide." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491818327037456.

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Kim, Hojin. "George Rochberg's Caprice Variations for Unaccompanied Violin| An analytical overview and a performance study guide." Thesis, The Florida State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3681739.

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The purpose of this treatise is to analyze the Caprice Variations for Unaccompanied Violin (1970) by George Rochberg from a performer's perspective. The Caprice Variations amalgamates many historical compositional styles that require a performer's musical understanding and technical capabilities.

To provide insight into Rochberg's compositions, Chapter Two gives a biographical review of his life. Tragedy, such as his son's death, provoked his musical style to shift from an atonal to a tonal language. Emerging from this event in his life, Rochberg's work was strongly influenced by earlier composers.

This treatise will trace how Rochberg transformed music from influential composers into his modern compositions. The Caprice Variations include eleven quoting works from Beethoven, Brahms, Schubert, Mahler and Webern. The remaining forty non-quoting variations are arranged by musical style in Chapter One, Table 1.1. The table also includes a summary of the fifty-one variations and is organized with the following headings: Quoting and Non-quoting, Timing, Tempo Marking, Music Example, Techniques, and Performance Recommendations.

In summary, this treatise analyzes the Caprice Variations from a theoretical and a performance perspective. This treatise will offer interpretations based on the writer's experience as a violinist, providing students a valuable resource to study and perform Rochberg's work.

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Ahn, Kwang Sun. "An Analytical Study of the Variations on the Theme of Paganini's Twenty-Fourth Caprice, Op. 1 by Busoni, Friedman, and Muczynski." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2548/.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze sets of variations on Paganini's theme by three twentieth-century composers: Ferruccio Busoni, Ignaz Friedman, and Robert Muczynski, in order to examine, identify, and trace different variation techniques and their applications. Chapter 1 presents the purpose and scope of this study. Chapter 2 provides background information on the musical form "theme and variations" and the theme of Paganini's Twenty-fourth Caprice, Op. 1. Chapter 2 also deals with the question of which elements have made this theme so popular. Chapters 3,4, and 5 examine each of the three sets of variations in detail using the following format: theme, structure of each variation, harmony and key, rhythm and meter, tempo and dynamics, motivic development, grouping of variations, and technical problems. Chapter 6 summarizes the findings from this study and attempts to compare those elements among the three variations. Special attention is given to the application of the motivic cells, which are drawn from the original Paganini theme, in the development of succeeding variations. This study shows how these motivic cells contribute to the construction of new motives and melodies in each variation. Additionally, this study attempts to examine each composer's efforts in expanding variation procedure to the areas of structures and tempo markings in succeeding variations.
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Oliveira, Adriana Afonsina Silva de [UNESP]. "Estruturas com ‘ter’ e ‘haver’ em cartas de leitoras das revistas Ragazza e Capricho." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151040.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Desde o latim clássico, os verbos ‘ter’ e ‘haver’ apresentam variação, participando de estruturas como verbos plenos, auxiliares, modais ou existenciais. Por isso, tendo como base teórica a sociolinguística, esta pesquisa analisou o comportamento desses verbos no Português do Brasil (PB) e no Português de Portugal (PP), demonstrando o funcionamento no português escrito contemporâneo nas estruturas supracitadas. Os dados que formam o corpus são cartas de leitoras da revista feminina portuguesa Ragazza, do período de 1994 a 2004, e da revista feminina brasileira Capricho, do período de 1994 a 2005. Essas cartas foram cedidas pelo Grupo de Estudos Variacionistas (GEVAR), grupo de pesquisa cadastrado na plataforma CNPq e ligado aos cursos de Letras da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) e da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU). No corpus do PB foram coletadas um total de 236 ocorrências e no do PP um total de 428 ocorrências. Esses dados foram transcritos em documento word e analisados, inicialmente, no programa computacional GoldVarb 2001, de acordo com o grupo de fatores: estruturas de uso, tempo verbal, animacidade e posição do objeto. Os dados apontam que, tanto no PB quanto no PP, há predominância do verbo ‘ter’ sobre ‘haver’, tendo em vista que, no corpus da revista Capricho, 91% das construções foram produzidas com a forma verbal ‘ter’ e no corpus da revista Ragazza foram 89% das ocorrências. Além desse predomínio, a análise permitiu demonstrar algumas diferenças e similitudes entre os usos dos verbos ‘ter’ e ‘haver’ no PB e no PP.
From the Classic Latin, the verbs ‘ter’ (‘to have’) and ‘haver’ (‘there to be’) show some variation, for being not only plain verbs, but also auxiliaries, modals or existential verbs. Thus, based on the theoretical framework of Sociolinguistic, this research analysed the behaviour of the verbs ‘ter’ and ‘haver’ in Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and Portugal Portuguese (PP), displaying the function of these verbs in the contemporary written Portuguese in the structures aforesaid. The corpus was composed by letters of female readers of the Portuguese magazine Ragazza, from 1994 to 2004, and of the Brazilian women’s magazine Capricho, from 1994, to 2005. These letters were granted by the Variationist Study Group (GEVAR), registered on CNPq platform and related to the undergraduate course in Languages at the Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM) and the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU). In the BP corpus, a total of 236 occurrences were collected and in the PP corpus a total of 428 occurrences were collected. This data was transcripted in a Word file and analysed, firstly, using the software GoldVarb 2001, according to these group factors: structures of use, verb tense, verb animacy and the object position. It was detected that, in both BP and PP, there is the predominance of the verb ‘ter’ over ‘haver’, since, in the data taken from Capricho, 91% of the constructions were produced using the verb ‘ter’ and, in Ragazza, there were 89% of occurrences. Besides this predominance, the analysis allowed to demonstrate some differences and similarities between the uses of the verbs 'to have' and 'to have' in PB and PP.
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Bourdon, Céline. "Recherche d’associations entre microARNs, variants génétiques et QTL laitiers chez les bovins, caprins et ovins RumimiR: a detailed microRNA database focused on ruminant species In silicowhole genome SNP dataset analyses identify variations in microRNAs with a potential impact on dairy traits in bovine, caprine and ovine species." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL020.

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La sélection génomique, qui repose sur la prédiction de la valeur génétique des animaux candidats à la sélection à partir de l'information fournie par de très nombreux marqueurs génétiques en utilisant des marqueurs neutres, est un levier pertinent et pérenne. La recherche des mutations causales et leur intégration dans les évaluations génomiques permettraient un gain de précision important. Il est donc essentiel de mieux caractériser les mutations causales responsables de la variabilité des caractères quantitatifs liés à l’efficacité de production et à la qualité des produits tels que le lait. L’objectif de ce projet a été de rechercher des variants génétiques de microARNs exprimés dans la glande mammaire ou présents dans le lait et situés dans des régions génomiques ayant un effet sur des caractères quantitatifs (QTL) laitiers et mammites, dans trois espèces de ruminants. La détection de 59124 variants de microARNs exprimés dans la glande mammaire ou présents dans le lait en bovin, 13427 variants en caprin et 4761 en ovin a été permise grâce au développement d'un script bio-informatique. En bovin, 4679 variants génétiques d'intérêt sont situés dans des QTL laitiers et mammites et 127 en caprin, aucun en ovin. Trois variants bovins détectés ont été validés grâce à des études de GWAS. Les effets biologiques des variants validés ont été étudiés, avec des stratégies différentes selon la localisation et donc l'effet de la mutation. Dans le cas de la mutation située dans la région "seed" du bta-let-7e, le niveau d'expression d'ARNm cibles a été testé. Des résultats non concordants ont été obtenus entre les techniques de qRT-PCR et de RNAseq utilisées. Dans le cas de mutations situées dans les régions flanquantes de bta-miR-92b et bta-miR-486, la présence de ces microARNs a été mesurée dans le lait. Ces analyses n'ont pas révélé de différence d'expression significative des microARNs selon les génotypes. Ce projet a donc permis d'effectuer une analyse globale de variants de microARNs, de leur détection à leurs effets potentiels
Genomic selection, based on the prediction of the genetic value of candidate animals based on the information provided by a large number of genetic markers using neutral markers, is a relevant and perennial lever. The search for causal mutations and their integration into genomic evaluations would allow a significant gain in precision. It is therefore essential to better characterize the causal mutations responsible for the variability of quantitative traits related to production efficiency and the quality of products such as milk. The objective of this project has been to search for genetic variants of microRNAs expressed in the mammary gland or present in milk and located in genomic regions having an effect on dairy and mastitis quantitative traits (QTL), in three ruminant species. The detection of 59,124 microRNA variants expressed in the mammary gland or present in milk in cattle, 13,427 variants in goats and 4,761 in sheep has been allowed through the development of a bioinformatics script. In cattle, 4,679 genetic variants of interest have been located in dairy and mastitis QTLs and 127 in goats, none in sheep. Three detected bovine variants have been validated through GWAS studies. The biological effects of the validated variants have been studied, with different strategies depending on the location and thus the putative effect of the mutation. In the case of the mutation located in the "seed" region of bta-let-7e, the expression level of targeted mRNAs has been tested. Inconsistent results were obtained between the qRT-PCR and RNAseq techniques used. In the case of mutations located in the flanking regions of bta-miR-92b and bta-miR-486, the presence of these microRNAs has been measured in bovine milk. These analyses did not reveal any significant difference in the expression of microRNAs between genotypes. This project therefore has allowed a global analysis of microRNA variants, from their detections to their potential effects
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Kim, Warren. "Marc-André Hamelin's "Variations on a Theme of Paganini": The Effect of Polystylism through Pastiche and Musical Borrowing in Variations." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609093/.

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Paganini's 24th caprice still remains to this day one of the most celebrated themes in classical music history. Many composers have used this theme to create variations and each composer attempted to produce stylistically unique variations on this piece. Hamelin's Variations on a Theme of Paganini stands out because his piece incorporates musical borrowing and many different composers' styles. His variations integrate music from different centuries, using pastiche and musical borrowing from figures such as Beethoven, Liszt, Brahms, Chopin, and Rachmaninoff. More provocatively, Hamelin's variations reach outside of Classical music, even adopting elements from salsa and friska. The spectrum of composers and styles included in this set are so radical and shocking that it creates a parody of not only Paganini's theme, but also the tradition of theme and variation pieces it has inspired. Due to its multiple variations juxtaposing extremely different styles, Hamelin's Variations on a Theme of Paganini presents the listener with a musical puzzle that is designed to invoke surprise. The juxtapositions of extremely different styles in these variations create disjointed variations with polystylism. The polystylism in this work diversifies his variations, while unifying these seemingly unbalanced movements through broad musical references. As such, both performers and listeners stand to benefit from a detailed, critical examination of the piece. I consider not just the musical sources themselves, but also the ways in which they interact, paying close attention to Hamelin's use of parody and humor.
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Domogalla, Janina Alexandra. "Subtypisierung bayerischer Mycobacterium caprae Isolate aus Wild- und Nutztier mittels der genetischen Variation in der Region of difference four (RD4)." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-170390.

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Domogalla, Janina Alexandra [Verfasser], and Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Straubinger. "Subtypisierung bayerischer Mycobacterium caprae Isolate aus Wild- und Nutztier mittels der genetischen Variation in der Region of difference four (RD4) / Janina Alexandra Domogalla. Betreuer: Reinhard Straubinger." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052015557/34.

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Books on the topic "Caprice Variations"

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Sinding, Christian. Rustle of spring: Op. 32, no. 3 ; Popular song : op. 32, no. 4 ; Serenade, op. 33, no. 4 ; 7 caprices from op. 44 ; Variations, op. 94 : (Fatum). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Etcetra, 1986.

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O'Donnell, Ian. Classifying Clemency. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798477.003.0002.

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‘Clemency’ refers to a reduction, by politicians, in the severity of punishments lawfully imposed by judges. It includes reprieve, commutation, remission, pardon, and amnesty. A considerable amount can be learned from the primary sources about the attributes of those to whom clemency was shown and how they differed from those who were executed in terms of age, gender, homicide method, and motivation. It is suggested that there were three routes to clemency—justice, mercy, and caprice—and these are set out after the pertinent case characteristics are reviewed and the various stages between the imposition of a death sentence and its implementation are outlined. Justice was about tailoring the punishment to the individual’s circumstances so that variations in culpability and harm were taken fully into account. Mercy was when deserved punishment was softened out of compassion for the offender’s plight. Caprice was when clemency resulted from an unexpected turn of events.
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Book chapters on the topic "Caprice Variations"

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Li, Chao, and Lyesse Laloui. "Coupled Analysis of CO2 Injection Induced Stress Variation in the Caprock." In Advances in Laboratory Testing and Modelling of Soils and Shales (ATMSS), 455–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52773-4_54.

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Génin, Christophe. "In-Flight Entertainment or the Emptying Process of Art in the Air." In Post-cinema. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727235_ch08.

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Despite a series of material changes to the medium throughout its history, cinema has remained a “common immersive experience” insofar as it was based on the illusion of reality. However, the most important change is that this is no longer true: post-cinema, writes Christophe Génin, can be considered a defection of the original experience of watching movies. This situation has to do with social and economic transformations, implying the conversion of cultural industry to service to the person and a deep variation in the aesthetic experience, which Génin proposes to understand through an analysis of the experience of individual screens in aircraft. A confined space such as an aircraft seat isolates the individual to whom it is offered in a moment of “solipsism of caprice.”
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Conference papers on the topic "Caprice Variations"

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Hon, Vai Yee, M. Faizzudin Mat Piah, Noor 'Aliaa M Fauzi, Peter Schutjens, Binayak Agarwal, and Rob Harris. "Integrated Reservoir Geomechanics Approach for Reservoir Management." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21216-ms.

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Abstract An integrated 3D dynamic reservoir geomechanics model can provide a diverse 3D view of depletion-injection-induced field stress changes and the resulting deformation of both reservoir and overburden formations at various field locations. It enables the assessment of reservoir compaction, platform site subsidence, fault reactivation and caprock integrity associated with multiple production and injection reservoirs of the field. We demonstrated this integrated approach for a study field located in the South China Sea, Malaysia, which is planned for water injection for pressure support and EOR scheme thereafter. Reservoir fluid containment during water injection is an important concern because of the intensive geologic faulting and fracturing in the collapsed anticlinal structure, with some faults extending from the reservoirs to shallow depths at or close to the seafloor. Over 30 simulations were done, and most input parameters were systematically varied to gain insight in their effect on result that was of most interest to us: The tendency of fault slip as a function of our operation-induced variations in pore pressure in the reservoir rocks bounding the fault, both during depletion and injection. The results showed that depletion actually reduces the risk of fault slip and of the overburden, while injection-induced increase in pore fluid pressure will lead to a significant increase in the risk of fault slip. Overall, while depletion appears to stabilize the fault and injection appears to destabilize the fault, no fault slip is predicted to occur, not even after a 900psi increase in pore pressure above the pore pressure levels at maximum depletion. We present the model results to demonstrate why depletion and injection have such different effects on fault slip tendency. The interpretation of these geomechanical model results have potential applications beyond the study field, especially for fields with a similar geology and development plan. This is a novel application of 3D dynamic reservoir geomechanics model that cannot be obtained from 1D analytical models alone.
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Brun, Victoria, Elodie Morgan, Brad Gerl, Luis Cardozo, and Jeremie Batias. "Aplicability of an Innovative and Light Seismic Approach to Monitor SAGD Operations in Surmont: A Blind Test." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206127-ms.

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Abstract Surmont is a heavy oil field located in northeast Alberta which is currently being developed by a joint venture between ConocoPhillips and Total using Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD). To monitor the enhanced oil recovery process and caprock integrity, highly repeatable 4D seismic surveys using dynamite have been completed over the years. In order to maximize the value of information while controlling costs, a novel light seismic monitoring approach has been "blind-tested" on existing 4D data. The concept requires the use of only one source and one receiver couple, optimally placed in the field to monitor one or several subsurface spots, using time redundancy to detect 4D changes in these zones of interest. Three spot locations have been defined by the client on a well pad for which the history was not provided. For each of these spots, specific series of seismic processing steps have enabled the identification of the optimum source/receiver locations. Then, these optimum raw seismic traces extracted from different 4D campaigns have been analysed to detect potential time shift changes in the selected horizon induced by the growth of the steam chamber. Time-shift changes were plotted for all 3 spots. An increase was observed for one of the spots (Spot 3) from the first 4D monitor in 2010 up to the last monitor in 2015. An increase was also plotted between March 2013 and September 2013 for another spot (Spot 1), changes attributed to the dynamics of the steam chamber. On the contrary, spot 1 did not see any effect of the steam. These time-shift changes were then successfully cross-checked with temperature data from observation wells, confirming the qualitative variations attributed to the effects of the steam chamber evolution. It demonstrated the viability of this innovative seismic and focused monitoring approach to monitor the evolution of the steam chamber in Surmont. This also paves the way for a simpler and yet reliable and cost-effective way of monitoring the evolution of the steam chamber to further optimize production and increase rentability.
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