Academic literature on the topic 'Caprylic acid'

AbstractThe present study aimed to describe and standardize a simple and efficient protocol for purification of camel IgG from serum, which can be applied for Camilidae antibody production in research laboratories, the preindustrial stage. Camel serum IgG was separated with caprylic acid and ammonium sulfate, then the effect of four variables studied: caprylic acid concentration, pH, stirring time, and stirring intensity. Camel IgG prepared by standardized caprylic acid fractionation method for camel serum was compared with commercial anti-sera products. Camel IgG purification from undiluted sera using caprylic acid at concentration of 8% v/v gave the best results. Purification at different pH values using caprylic acid at 8% v/v revealed that pH 5.5 was optimal. Investigating purification at different stirring time intervals using 8% v/v caprylic acid at pH 5.5 demonstrated that stirring for 90 min gave the optimum results. Finally, studying purification at different stirring intensities using 8% v/v caprylic acid at pH 5.5 for 90 min, the best stirring intensity was at 450 rpm. Overall, the results suggest that caprylic acid purification of camel serum IgG is more effective and safe than ammonium sulfate method in simplicity, purity, and lower non-IgG proteins in the final preparation with lower protein aggregates.

The antibacterial effect of caprylic acid (35 and 50 mM) on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and total anaerobic bacteria at 39° C in rumen fluid (pH 5.6 and 6.8) from 12 beef cattle was investigated. The treatments containing caprylic acid at both pHs significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the population of E. coli O157:H7 compared with that in the control samples. At pH 5.6, both levels of caprylic acid killed E. coli O157:H7 rapidly, reducing the pathogen population to undetectable levels at 1 min of incubation (a more than 6.0-log CFU/ml reduction). In buffered rumen fluid at pH 6.8, 50 mM caprylic acid reduced the E. coli O157:H7 population to undetectable levels at 1 min of incubation, whereas 35 mM caprylic acid reduced the pathogen by approximately 3.0 and 5.0 log CFU/ml at 8 and 24 h of incubation, respectively. At both pHs, caprylic acid had a significantly lesser (P < 0.05) and minimal inhibitory effect on the population of total anaerobic bacteria in rumen compared with that on E. coli O157:H7. At 24 h of incubation, caprylic acid (35 and 50 mM) reduced the population of total anaerobic bacteria by approximately 2.0 log CFU/ml at pH 5.6, whereas at pH 6.8, caprylic acid (35 mM) did not have any significant (P > 0.05) inhibitory effect on total bacterial load. Results of this study revealed that caprylic acid was effective in inactivating E. coli O157:H7 in bovine rumen fluid, thereby justifying its potential as a preslaughter dietary supplement for reducing pathogen carriage in cattle.

Campylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, and epidemiological evidence indicates poultry products to be a significant source of human Campylobacter infections. Caprylic acid, an eight-carbon medium-chain fatty acid, reduces Campylobacter colonization in chickens. How caprylic acid reduces Campylobacter carriage may be related to changes in intestinal microflora. To evaluate this possibility, cecal microbial populations were evaluated with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis from market-age broiler chickens fed caprylic acid. In the first trial, chicks (n = 40 per trial) were assigned to four treatment groups (n = 10 birds per treatment group): positive controls (Campylobacter, no caprylic acid), with or without a 12-h feed withdrawal before slaughter; and 0.7% caprylic acid supplemented in feed for the last 3 days of the trial, with or without a 12-h feed withdrawal before slaughter. Treatments were similar for trial 2, except caprylic acid was supplemented for the last 7 days of the trial. At age 14 days, chicks were orally challenged with Campylobacter jejuni, and on day 42, ceca were collected for denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and Campylobacter analysis. Caprylic acid supplemented for 3 or 7 days at 0.7% reduced Campylobacter compared with the positive controls, except for the 7-day treatment with a 12-h feed withdrawal period. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of the cecal content showed very limited differences in microbial populations. The results of this study indicate that caprylic acid's ability to reduce Campylobacter does not appear to be due to changes in cecal microflora.

The present study evaluated the antimicrobial activities of acetic acid against bovine mastitis pathogens compared to lactic acid and lauric and caprylic saturated fatty acids. Eleven mastitis pathogens were isolated from sub-clinical and clinical bovine mastitis cases for the study. An initial screening of their antibacterial activities by agar well diffusion method was performed. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of each acid were obtained using a microdilution method; each acid was diluted from stock solution and then were diluted with culture broth to reach concentrations ranging from 4 to 0.004% w/v. The results showed acetic acid had the highest zone of inhibition against all pathogens except Escherichia coli compared with lauric and caprylic acids. The MIC and MBC were lowest for acetic acid against both Gram-positive (except Staphylococcus chromogenes from the coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) group) and Gram-negative pathogens, intermediate for lactic and caprylic acids and greatest for lauric acid. In conclusion, acetic acid had antimicrobial activities against most mastitis pathogens compared with other acids. Further studies are needed to optimize the formulation and concentration of acetic acid for teat-dipping agent in the future.

The present work was carried out to investigate the effects of caprylic acid (C8) and oleic acid (C18) on carbohydrates and lipids during canola seed germination. The results showed that oleic acid influence carbohydrate concentration but did not influence lipid concentration. Significant results were found with caprylic acid that affected carbohydrates and lipids in cotyledons after three-day germination.

ABSTRACT Poultry colonized with Campylobacter species are a significant source of human food-borne illness. The therapeutic use of the medium chain fatty acid caprylic acid consistently reduced enteric C. jejuni colonization in chicks by 3 to 4 logs in three separate trials. These results support caprylic acid's potential to reduce Campylobacter carriage in poultry.

Cronobacter sakazakii and Cronobacter malonaticus are pathogens causing infections in children that are primarily linked to the consumption of contaminated infant milk formula and food. Both Cronobacter strains examined were susceptible to caprylic acid, monocaprylin and, to a lesser extent, sorbic acid. Capric acid, lauric acid, monosorbin, monocaprin, monolaurin, and sucrose caprate exhibited no inhibitory activity. Caprylic acid and monocaprylin treatment (2 mg/ml) of C. sakazakii DBM 3157^T reduced the number of viable cells by five orders of magnitude. In the case of C. malonaticus DBM 3148, both caprylic acid and monocaprylin (2 mg/ml) decreased the viable cell counts below the limits of detection. The bactericidal activity of monocaprylin increased as a function of concentration (0.5–2.0 mg/ml) and temperature (40–55°C). The exposure of each Cronobacter strain to monocaprylin resulted in the release of cellular proteins and nucleic acids. Electron microscopy revealed that the antimicrobial treatment damaged cytoplasmic structures and resulted in cell aggregation. The combination of monocaprylin at 0.5 mg/ml and increased temperature (50°C) appears to be a suitable treatment against C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus.

In an effort to find safe natural products to function in traditional agricultural chemical roles, short-chain fatty acids were evaluated as desiccants for dry beans. Desiccation was evaluated in greenhouse studies on three dry bean cultivars: ‘Montcalm’ kidney, ‘Midnight’ black turtle, and ‘Vista’ navy bean. Caprylic (C8) and pelargonic acid (C9) were the most effective in the C2 through C10 range. Effective emulsifiers with C8 were Henkel Emsorb 6900 and Henkel Emsorb 6915. Organosilicone, saponified, methylated, and ethylated seed oil activator adjuvants enhanced the efficacy of the caprylic acid. C8 was also phytotoxic to velvetleaf, giant foxtail, and common lambsquarters; esters of C6, C8, and C10 fatty acids were comparatively less effective than C8.

Depuis maintenant plus de 30 ans, il est reconnu qu’au début de la maladie d’Alzheimer, le cerveau utilise moins bien le glucose, son principal carburant. Cependant, ce problème énergétique précoce dans la maladie semblerait limité au glucose et ne concernerait pas un autre carburant, celui-ci dérivé des gras, les cétones. Ces dernières sont produites par le corps après un exercice physique d’intensité modérée. Leur production est également stimulée avec la prise de suppléments alimentaires à base d’huile de noix de coco, un aliment riche en triglycérides de moyennes chaînes (MCT). La capture des cétones au cerveau augmente proportionnellement à leur concentration plasmatique. Ainsi, des conditions élevant la cétonémie augmentent aussi la capture cérébrale des cétones. Par conséquent, l’élévation de l’apport en cétones pourrait constituer une approche novatrice qui permettrait de potentiellement ralentir le développement de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Notre objectif général était d’optimiser le type de supplément MCT à utiliser afin d’élever la cétonémie de manière aigüe et, en second lieu, d’employer ce dernier en combinaison avec une seconde stratégie cétogène, l’exercice physique de type aérobie (EA). Lors de la première phase de ce projet, l’effet cétogène de différents produits alimentaires dérivant de l’huile de noix de coco (acide caprylique [C8], acide caproïque [C10], mélange de MCT typique [C8+C10]) était comparé chez 9 participants jeunes sains. Des échantillons sanguins étaient récoltés toutes les 30 min pendant 8 h. Lors de la seconde phase, le potentiel cétogène de la combinaison d’EA à une supplémentation MCT était évalué chez 10 femmes âgées saines pendant 5 jours. Les cétones plasmatiques sous ces différentes conditions étaient mesurées. Lors de cette étude, le C8 était le produit le plus cétogène testé suivi du supplément C8+C10. L’huile de noix de coco n’a pas induit une cétonémie plus élevée qu’un 8 h sans MCT. De plus, l’ajout de 5 jours d’EA a potentialisé la cétonémie observée suite à la prise de MCT C8+C10 seul. Ainsi, la combinaison de stratégies cétogènes, tant au niveau de la diversité des molécules utilisées ou des stratégies cétogènes employées, permet d’augmenter la présence de cétones dans le sang.
Abstract : Brain glucose consumption deteriorates with age, a situation that worsens with the onset of Alzheimer's disease. However, this early energy problem in the disease is limited to glucose and does not affect brain ketone uptake. Ketones are the main alternative fuel for the brain when glucose concentrations are decreased. They are produced endogenously after moderate aerobic exercise (AE) or with a medium chain triglyceride (MCT) exogenous supplement. Ketone brain uptake increases in proportion to their plasma concentration. Thus, providing a daily ketogenic fuel could help support brain energy needs during aging. Our aim was to optimize the type of MCT to use in a ketogenic supplementation and to combine this supplement with another ketogenic strategy, AE. In the first phase of this project, the acute ketogenic effect of products derived from coconut oil was compared. Nine healthy adults took various MCT supplements (coconut oil, caprylic acid [C8], capric acid [C10], classic MCT mix [C8+C10]). Blood was sampled every 30 min over 8 h. In the second phase, we evaluated the acute ketogenic potential of the combination of AE and MCT supplementation. Ten healthy older women took C8+C10 MCT supplement for 5 days combined with a 5-days AE program. Automated spectrophotometric assays where used to measure plasma ketones under these different conditions. Our results show that in this 8 h experimental design, C8 was the most ketogenic MCT followed by C8+C10. Coconut oil alone did not induce more net ketosis than an 8 h visit with no added MCT. Furthermore, the combination of AE and MCT supplementation enhanced the ketogenic response over 4 h compared to the control day. Thus, the combination of ketogenic strategies, both in terms of the diversity of the molecules or the ketogenic strategy employed, makes it possible to increase the presence of ketones in the blood.

Doutoramento em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The aim of this study was the production of structured lipids (SL) containing medium-chain fatty acids (M) in positions sn-1,3 and long-chain fatty acids (L) in the sn-2 position(MLM type). These SL were obtained by acidolysis of virgin olive oil with caprylic or capric acid in n-hexane or in solvent-free media. Acidolysis reactions were catalysed by commercial lipase preparations from Thermomyces lanuginosa, Rhizomucor miehei and Candida antarctica (“Lipozyme TL IM”, “Lipozyme RM IM” and “Novozym 435”, respectively). The higest incorporation values of M were obtained in solvent-free media (19.9-30.4 mol%) than in the presence of n-hexane (13.6- 21.9 mol%). “Lipozyme RM IM” presented the best operational stability in consecutive batches (half-life time, t1/2, of 299h). The sn-1,3 selective recombinant Rhizopus oryzae lipase (r-ROL), produced by the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, was tested as alternative for the commercial lipases. The r-ROL was immobilized in Eupergit® C, in modified sepiolite or in Lewatit® VP OC 1600. Lewatit® VP OC 1600 showed to be the best support for r-ROL immobilization, since higher operational stability was observed when this lipase preparation was reused in consecutive batches with rehydration between batches (t1/2 =234h). r-ROL is a feasible biocatalyst for the production of MLM by acidolysis.

Ce travail étudie l’obtention de phospholipides structurés enrichis en DHA et en acide caprylique (PC DHA-C8) par voie enzymatique. Deux voies de synthèse sont étudiées, l’acidolyse et l’estérification. Suite à un criblage enzymatique, la lipase retenue pour les deux voies de synthèse est TL-IM. Une optimisation des paramètres de la réaction d’acidolyse a été réalisée entre l’acide caprylique (C8:0) et la phosphatidylcholine de tournesol (PC) par le biais d’un plan d’expériences. Les conditions optimales déterminées sont une température de 38°C, une activité de l’eau de 0,7, une quantité d’enzyme de 15% de la masse en substrat ainsi qu’un rapport molaire C8:0/PC de 18. Ces conditions ont ensuite été utilisées pour l’acidolyse de phospholipides microalgaux riches en DHA issus de la microalgue Tisochrysis lutea afin d’obtenir de la PC DHA-C8. Les résultats n’ont pas été concluants. L’autre voie de synthèse étudiée est l’estérification par des lipases de la GPC, de l’acide caprylique et du DHA en milieu fondu. Cette réaction a été optimisée par la technique du pas par pas. Les paramètres étudiés sont la température, la quantité d’enzyme, le rapport molaire GPC/C8:0/DHA et l’application d’un vide. Pour l’obtention de PC DHA-C8, il faut fixer chacun de ces paramètres respectivement de la sorte : 45°C, 20% d’enzyme, un rapport molaire de 1/3/15 et un vide de 100 mbar. La production de PC DHA-C8, bien qu’optimisée ne dépasse pas 2% de rendement. Cependant, durant cette expérience, il a été constaté une forte production de LPC DHA, atteignant 16% sans optimisation des paramètres de synthèse
The enzymatic synthesis of structured phsopholipids enriched in DHA and caprylic acid (PC DHA-C8) is studied. Two different ways are studied, acidolysis and esterification. An enzymatic screening led to the choice of the immobilized lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosa (TL-IM) for the 2 reactions. Parameters of the acidolysis reaction between carpylic acid (C8:0) and sunflower phosphatidylcholine (PC) were optimized by means of an experimental design. The optimum conditions determined are a temperature of 38°C, an aw of 0.7, an amount of enzyme of 15% of the mass of substrate and a molar ratio of C8:0/PC of 18. These conditions were applied to the acidolysis of microalgal phospholipids from T. lutea, rich in DHA, in order to produce PC DHA-C8. The other studied reaction is the lipase catalyzed esterification of GPC with C8:0 and DHA in a solvent-free medium This reaction has been optimized by studying each factor independently. The parameters studied are the temperature, the amount of lipase, the molar ratio GPC/C8:0/DHA and the use of reduced pressure. In order to obtain PC DHA-C8, each of theses parameters are respectively set at: 45°C, 20% of enzyme, a molar ratio of 1/3/15 and a pressure of 100 mbar. The production of PC DHA-C8, although optimized, does not exceed a yield of 2%. However, during this experiment, a high production of LPC DHA is observed, up to 16% without optimization of the synthesis parameter

The present PhD thesis, entitled "Use of silica supports for enhancing the stability of folates and developing antimicrobial agents", focuses on the development and evaluation of new smart systems based on the use of silica nano- and microparticles as inorganic supports for the encapsulation or immobilization of two compounds types of interest to the food industry: vitamins and antimicrobials. The first chapter shows the effect of encapsulation of folic acid and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate in mesoporous silica microparticles functionalized with polyamines on the bioaccessibility and stability of both vitamers. The use of this hybrid organic-inorganic support allows the modification of the delivery of the vitamin dependent on the pH of the medium (inhibition of the release at an acidic pH, e.g. stomach, controlled release at a neutral pH, e.g. intestine) in in vitro systems. Also, the mesoporous support can protect the vitamin against degradation after exposure to external agents, such as pH, temperature or light. Furthermore, the incorporation of encapsulated folic acid into fruit juices (apple and orange) allowed us to study the modulating and protective capability of the delivery system in a real food matrix. This study has demonstrated that the amine-functionalized support is able to not only maintain folic acid inside pores after its incorporation into juices and to properly modify the delivery of the vitamin after simulated in vitro digestion, but to also protect the vitamin after the simulating the processing and storage of juices. The second chapter describes development of different antimicrobial agents based on the combination of organic active compounds with diverse silica materials. To this end, two different methodologies were used: encapsulation of the antimicrobial agent in the pores of mesoporous silica particles, and immobilization of the active compound on the surface of silica particles. The effect of encapsulation on the enhancement of the antimicrobial properties of a compound was studied by evaluating the antimicrobial activity of free and MCM-41 nanoparticles encapsulated caprylic acid against diverse pathogen food-borne bacteria. The results of the in vitro bacterial susceptibility assays and the determination of cellular damage by microscopy showed that the nanodevice maintains antimicrobial properties in relation to the free caprylic acid. The effect of the immobilization of an active compound on the surface of a support on the improvement of its antimicrobial properties was studied with two types of different molecules: polyamines (used as a molecular gate in the folates delivery system) and essential oils. In both cases, immobilization of the bioactive compound increased the antimicrobial effect of free molecules between 1- and 100-fold in the in vitro assays and in real food systems (fruit juices and pasteurized milk), in which immobilized compounds had a bacteriostatic effect during storage, while the equivalent free compound concentrations allowed microbial growth. In summary, it is concluded that the present thesis has evaluated the versatility of silicon oxide particles to solve two of the biggest problems in the food industry: alteration of active compounds during food processing and current antimicrobial systems losing of efficacy. Thus the developed devices may be used as alternative methods to traditional encapsulation systems or traditional food safety treatments.
La presente tesis doctoral que lleva por título "Uso de soportes de sílice para la mejora de la estabilidad de los folatos y el desarrollo de agentes antimicrobianos", se centra en el desarrollo y evaluación de nuevos sistemas inteligentes basados en el uso de nano- y micropartículas de sílice como soporte inorgánico para la encapsulación o inmovilización de dos tipos de compuestos de interés para la industria alimentaria: vitaminas y antimicrobianos. El primer capítulo muestra el efecto de la encapsulación de ácido fólico y 5-formiltretahidrofolato en micropartículas mesoporosas de sílice funcionalizadas con poliaminas sobre la bioaccessibilidad y estabilidad de ambos vitámeros. Por una parte, el uso de este soporte híbrido orgánico-inorgánico permite modular la liberación de la vitamina en función del pH del medio (inhibición de la liberación a pH ácido -estómago- y liberación controlada a pH neutro -intestino-) en sistemas in vitro. Así mismo, el soporte mesoporoso es capaz de proteger a la vitamina frente a la degradación tras la exposición a diversos agentes externos, como el pH, la temperatura o la luz. Además, la incorporación de ácido fólico encapsulado a zumos de frutas (manzana y naranja) ha permitido estudiar la capacidad moduladora y protectora del sistema de liberación en una matriz alimentaria real. Este estudio ha demostrado que el soporte funcionalizado con poliaminas no sólo es capaz de mantener el ácido fólico en el interior de los poros tras la incorporación a los zumos y modular correctamente la liberación del mismo tras la simulación de una digestión in vitro, sino que también es capaz de proteger la vitamina tras la simulación del procesado y almacenamiento de los zumos. En el segundo capítulo se describe el desarrollo de diferentes agentes antimicrobianos, basados en la combinación de compuestos activos orgánicos con diversos materiales de sílice. Para ello, se emplearon dos metodologías diferentes: la encapsulación del agente antimicrobiano en los poros de las partículas mesoporosas de sílice, y la inmovilización del compuesto activo sobre la superficie de las partículas de sílice. El efecto de la encapsulación sobre la mejora de las propiedades antimicrobianas de un compuesto se estudió determinando la actividad antimicrobiana de ácido caprílico libre y encapsulado en nanopartículas mesoporosas tipo MCM-41 frente a diversas bacterias patógenas presentes en alimentos. Los resultados de los ensayos in vitro de susceptibilidad bacteriana y la determinación del daño celular mediante microscopia mostraron que el nanodispositivo mantiene las propiedades antimicrobianas respecto al ácido caprílico libre. El efecto de la inmovilización de un compuesto activo sobre la superficie de un soporte en la mejora de sus propiedades antimicrobianas se estudió con dos tipos de moléculas diferentes: poliaminas (usadas como puerta molecular en el sistema de liberación de folatos) y aceites esenciales. En ambos casos la inmovilización del compuesto bioactivo incrementó entre 1-100 veces el poder antimicrobiano de las moléculas libres tanto en ensayos in vitro, como en ensayos en alimentos reales (zumos de frutas y leche pasteurizada) donde se comprobó que los compuestos inmovilizados tienen un efecto bacteriostático a lo largo del período de almacenamiento mientras que concentraciones equivalentes de compuesto libre permiten el crecimiento del microorganismo. En resumen, se puede concluir que en la presente tesis se ha evaluado la versatilidad de los sólidos de óxido de silicio para solventar dos de los grandes problemas de la industria alimentaria: alteración de compuestos bioactivos durante el procesado del alimento y la pérdida de la eficacia de los sistemas antimicrobianos actuales. Así, los dispositivos desarrollados podrían ser usados como métodos alternativos a los sistemas tradicionales de encapsulación o los tratamientos tradiciona
La present tesi doctoral, que porta per títol "Ús de suports de sílice per a la millora de l'estabilitat dels folats i el desenvolupament d'agents antimicrobians", es centra en el desenvolupament i avaluació de nous sistemes intel·ligents basats en l'ús de nano- i micropartícules de sílice com a suport inorgànic per a l'encapsulació o immobilització de dos tipus de compostos d'interès per a la indústria alimentària: vitamines i antimicrobians. El primer capítol mostra l'efecte de l'encapsulació d'àcid fòlic i 5-formiltretahidrofolat en micropartícules mesoporoses de sílice funcionalitzades amb poliamines sobre la bioaccessibilitat i estabilitat d'ambdós vitàmers. D'una banda, l'ús d'aquest suport híbrid orgànic-inorgànic permet modular l'alliberament de la vitamina en funció del pH del medi (inhibició de l'alliberament a pH àcid -estómac- i alliberament controlat a pH neutre -intestí-) en sistemes in vitro. Així mateix, el suport mesoporós és capaç de protegir a la vitamina enfront de la degradació després de l'exposició a diversos agents externs, com el pH, la temperatura o la llum. A més, la incorporació d'àcid fòlic encapsulat a sucs de fruites (poma i taronja) ha permès estudiar la capacitat moduladora i protectora del sistema d'alliberament en una matriu alimentària real. Aquest estudi ha demostrat que el suport funcionalitzat amb poliamines no sols és capaç de mantindre l'àcid fòlic a l'interior dels porus després de la incorporació als sucs i modular correctament l'alliberament del mateix després de la simulació d'una digestió in vitro, sinó que també és capaç de protegir la vitamina després de la simulació del processat i emmagatzemament dels sucs. En el segon capítol es descriu el desenvolupament de diferents agents antimicrobians, basats en la combinació de compostos actius orgànics amb diversos materials de sílice. Per a això, es van emprar dues metodologies diferents: l'encapsulació de l'agent antimicrobià en els porus de les partícules mesoporoses de sílice, i la immobilització del compost actiu sobre la superfície de les partícules de sílice. L'efecte de l'encapsulació sobre la millora de les propietats antimicrobianes d'un compost es va estudiar determinant l'activitat antimicrobiana d'àcid caprílic lliure i encapsulat en nanopartícules mesoporoses tipus MCM-41 enfront de diversos bacteris patògens presents en aliments. Els resultats dels assajos in vitro de susceptibilitat bacteriana i la determinació del dany cel·lular per mitjà de microscòpia van mostrar que el nanodispositiu manté les propietats antimicrobianes respecte a l'àcid caprílic lliure. L'efecte de la immobilització d'un compost actiu sobre la superfície d'un suport en la millora de les seues propietats antimicrobianes es va estudiar amb dues tipus de molècules diferents: poliamines (usades com a porta molecular en el sistema d'alliberament de folats) i olis essencials. En ambdós casos la immobilització del compost bioactiu va incrementar entre 1-100 vegades el poder antimicrobià de les molècules lliures tant en assajos in vitro, como en assajos en aliments reals (sucs de fruites i llet pasteuritzada) on es va comprovar que els compostos immobilitzats tenen un efecte bacteriostàtic al llarg del període d' emmagatzemament mentre que concentracions equivalents de compost lliure permeten el creixement del microorganisme. En resum, es pot concloure que en la present tesi s'ha avaluat la versatilitat dels sòlids d'òxid de silici per a resoldre dos dels grans problemes de la indústria alimentària: alteració de compostos bioactius durant el processat de l'aliment i la pèrdua de la eficàcia dels sistemes antimicrobians actuals. Així, els dispositius desenvolupats podrien ser usats com a mètodes alternatius als sistemes tradicionals d'encapsulació o els tractaments tradicionals per assegurar la innocuïtat dels aliments.
Ruiz Rico, M. (2016). Use of silica supports for enhancing the stability of folates and developing antimicrobial agents [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/76805
TESIS