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Journal articles on the topic 'Caprylic acid'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Shawki, Asmaa, Nawal Abd El-Baky, Mohammed Ahmed, Mustafa H. Linjawi, Abdullah A. Aljaddawi, and Elrashdy M. Redwan. "Simple Protocol for immunoglobulin G Purification from Camel “Camelus dromedarius” Serum." Open Life Sciences 12, no. 1 (May 4, 2017): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/biol-2017-0017.

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AbstractThe present study aimed to describe and standardize a simple and efficient protocol for purification of camel IgG from serum, which can be applied for Camilidae antibody production in research laboratories, the preindustrial stage. Camel serum IgG was separated with caprylic acid and ammonium sulfate, then the effect of four variables studied: caprylic acid concentration, pH, stirring time, and stirring intensity. Camel IgG prepared by standardized caprylic acid fractionation method for camel serum was compared with commercial anti-sera products. Camel IgG purification from undiluted sera using caprylic acid at concentration of 8% v/v gave the best results. Purification at different pH values using caprylic acid at 8% v/v revealed that pH 5.5 was optimal. Investigating purification at different stirring time intervals using 8% v/v caprylic acid at pH 5.5 demonstrated that stirring for 90 min gave the optimum results. Finally, studying purification at different stirring intensities using 8% v/v caprylic acid at pH 5.5 for 90 min, the best stirring intensity was at 450 rpm. Overall, the results suggest that caprylic acid purification of camel serum IgG is more effective and safe than ammonium sulfate method in simplicity, purity, and lower non-IgG proteins in the final preparation with lower protein aggregates.

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ANNAMALAI, THIRUNAVUKKARASU, MANOJ KUMAR MOHAN NAIR, PATRICK MAREK, PRADEEP VASUDEVAN, DAVID SCHREIBER, RANDALL KNIGHT, THOMAS HOAGLAND, and KUMAR VENKITANARAYANAN. "In Vitro Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Bovine Rumen Fluid by Caprylic Acid." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 884–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.5.884.

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The antibacterial effect of caprylic acid (35 and 50 mM) on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and total anaerobic bacteria at 39° C in rumen fluid (pH 5.6 and 6.8) from 12 beef cattle was investigated. The treatments containing caprylic acid at both pHs significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the population of E. coli O157:H7 compared with that in the control samples. At pH 5.6, both levels of caprylic acid killed E. coli O157:H7 rapidly, reducing the pathogen population to undetectable levels at 1 min of incubation (a more than 6.0-log CFU/ml reduction). In buffered rumen fluid at pH 6.8, 50 mM caprylic acid reduced the E. coli O157:H7 population to undetectable levels at 1 min of incubation, whereas 35 mM caprylic acid reduced the pathogen by approximately 3.0 and 5.0 log CFU/ml at 8 and 24 h of incubation, respectively. At both pHs, caprylic acid had a significantly lesser (P < 0.05) and minimal inhibitory effect on the population of total anaerobic bacteria in rumen compared with that on E. coli O157:H7. At 24 h of incubation, caprylic acid (35 and 50 mM) reduced the population of total anaerobic bacteria by approximately 2.0 log CFU/ml at pH 5.6, whereas at pH 6.8, caprylic acid (35 mM) did not have any significant (P > 0.05) inhibitory effect on total bacterial load. Results of this study revealed that caprylic acid was effective in inactivating E. coli O157:H7 in bovine rumen fluid, thereby justifying its potential as a preslaughter dietary supplement for reducing pathogen carriage in cattle.

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3

de los SANTOS, FAUSTO SOLÍS, MICHAEL HUME, KUMAR VENKITANARAYANAN, ANN M. DONOGHUE, IRENE HANNING, MICHAEL F. SLAVIK, VIVIAN F. AGUIAR, et al. "Caprylic Acid Reduces Enteric Campylobacter Colonization in Market-Aged Broiler Chickens but Does Not Appear To Alter Cecal Microbial Populations†." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.2.251.

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Campylobacter is a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, and epidemiological evidence indicates poultry products to be a significant source of human Campylobacter infections. Caprylic acid, an eight-carbon medium-chain fatty acid, reduces Campylobacter colonization in chickens. How caprylic acid reduces Campylobacter carriage may be related to changes in intestinal microflora. To evaluate this possibility, cecal microbial populations were evaluated with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis from market-age broiler chickens fed caprylic acid. In the first trial, chicks (n = 40 per trial) were assigned to four treatment groups (n = 10 birds per treatment group): positive controls (Campylobacter, no caprylic acid), with or without a 12-h feed withdrawal before slaughter; and 0.7% caprylic acid supplemented in feed for the last 3 days of the trial, with or without a 12-h feed withdrawal before slaughter. Treatments were similar for trial 2, except caprylic acid was supplemented for the last 7 days of the trial. At age 14 days, chicks were orally challenged with Campylobacter jejuni, and on day 42, ceca were collected for denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and Campylobacter analysis. Caprylic acid supplemented for 3 or 7 days at 0.7% reduced Campylobacter compared with the positive controls, except for the 7-day treatment with a 12-h feed withdrawal period. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of the cecal content showed very limited differences in microbial populations. The results of this study indicate that caprylic acid's ability to reduce Campylobacter does not appear to be due to changes in cecal microflora.

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4

Pangprasit, Noppason, Anyaphat Srithanasuwan, Witaya Suriyasathaporn, Surachai Pikulkaew, John K. Bernard, and Wasana Chaisri. "Antibacterial Activities of Acetic Acid against Major and Minor Pathogens Isolated from Mastitis in Dairy Cows." Pathogens 9, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110961.

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The present study evaluated the antimicrobial activities of acetic acid against bovine mastitis pathogens compared to lactic acid and lauric and caprylic saturated fatty acids. Eleven mastitis pathogens were isolated from sub-clinical and clinical bovine mastitis cases for the study. An initial screening of their antibacterial activities by agar well diffusion method was performed. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of each acid were obtained using a microdilution method; each acid was diluted from stock solution and then were diluted with culture broth to reach concentrations ranging from 4 to 0.004% w/v. The results showed acetic acid had the highest zone of inhibition against all pathogens except Escherichia coli compared with lauric and caprylic acids. The MIC and MBC were lowest for acetic acid against both Gram-positive (except Staphylococcus chromogenes from the coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) group) and Gram-negative pathogens, intermediate for lactic and caprylic acids and greatest for lauric acid. In conclusion, acetic acid had antimicrobial activities against most mastitis pathogens compared with other acids. Further studies are needed to optimize the formulation and concentration of acetic acid for teat-dipping agent in the future.

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5

Fishman, Jordan B., and Eric A. Berg. "Preparation of Antibody Using Caprylic Acid." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2018, no. 6 (June 2018): pdb.prot099127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot099127.

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6

Ferrarese, M. L. L., C. R. S. Baleroni, and O. Ferrarese-Filho. "Effects of fatty acids on carbohydrates and lipids of canola seeds during germination." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 41, no. 3 (1998): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89131998000300007.

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The present work was carried out to investigate the effects of caprylic acid (C8) and oleic acid (C18) on carbohydrates and lipids during canola seed germination. The results showed that oleic acid influence carbohydrate concentration but did not influence lipid concentration. Significant results were found with caprylic acid that affected carbohydrates and lipids in cotyledons after three-day germination.

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7

de los Santos, F. Solis, A. M. Donoghue, K. Venkitanarayanan, I. Reyes-Herrera, J. H. Metcalf, M. L. Dirain, V. F. Aguiar, P. J. Blore, and D. J. Donoghue. "Therapeutic Supplementation of Caprylic Acid in Feed Reduces Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Broiler Chicks." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 14 (May 23, 2008): 4564–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02528-07.

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ABSTRACT Poultry colonized with Campylobacter species are a significant source of human food-borne illness. The therapeutic use of the medium chain fatty acid caprylic acid consistently reduced enteric C. jejuni colonization in chicks by 3 to 4 logs in three separate trials. These results support caprylic acid's potential to reduce Campylobacter carriage in poultry.

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Salentinig, Stefan, Stephanie Phan, Tamim A. Darwish, Nigel Kirby, Ben J. Boyd, and Elliot P. Gilbert. "pH-Responsive Micelles Based on Caprylic Acid." Langmuir 30, no. 25 (June 20, 2014): 7296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la500835e.

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9

Marounek, M., V. Putthana, O. Benada, and D. Lukešová. "Antimicrobial activities of medium-chain fatty acids and monoacylglycerols on Cronobacter sakazakii DBM 3157^T and Cronobacter malonaticus DBM." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 30, No. 6 (December 1, 2012): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/433/2011-cjfs.

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Cronobacter sakazakii and Cronobacter malonaticus are pathogens causing infections in children that are primarily linked to the consumption of contaminated infant milk formula and food. Both Cronobacter strains examined were susceptible to caprylic acid, monocaprylin and, to a lesser extent, sorbic acid. Capric acid, lauric acid, monosorbin, monocaprin, monolaurin, and sucrose caprate exhibited no inhibitory activity. Caprylic acid and monocaprylin treatment (2 mg/ml) of C. sakazakii DBM 3157<sup>T</sup> reduced the number of viable cells by five orders of magnitude. In the case of C. malonaticus DBM 3148, both caprylic acid and monocaprylin (2 mg/ml) decreased the viable cell counts below the limits of detection. The bactericidal activity of monocaprylin increased as a function of concentration (0.5–2.0 mg/ml) and temperature (40–55°C). The exposure of each Cronobacter strain to monocaprylin resulted in the release of cellular proteins and nucleic acids. Electron microscopy revealed that the antimicrobial treatment damaged cytoplasmic structures and resulted in cell aggregation. The combination of monocaprylin at 0.5 mg/ml and increased temperature (50°C) appears to be a suitable treatment against C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus.

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10

Coleman, Robert, and Donald Penner. "Desiccant Activity of Short Chain Fatty Acids." Weed Technology 20, no. 2 (June 2006): 410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-117r.1.

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In an effort to find safe natural products to function in traditional agricultural chemical roles, short-chain fatty acids were evaluated as desiccants for dry beans. Desiccation was evaluated in greenhouse studies on three dry bean cultivars: ‘Montcalm’ kidney, ‘Midnight’ black turtle, and ‘Vista’ navy bean. Caprylic (C8) and pelargonic acid (C9) were the most effective in the C2 through C10 range. Effective emulsifiers with C8 were Henkel Emsorb 6900 and Henkel Emsorb 6915. Organosilicone, saponified, methylated, and ethylated seed oil activator adjuvants enhanced the efficacy of the caprylic acid. C8 was also phytotoxic to velvetleaf, giant foxtail, and common lambsquarters; esters of C6, C8, and C10 fatty acids were comparatively less effective than C8.

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BODDIE, RICHARD L., and STEPHEN C. NICKERSON. "Efficacy of a Fatty Acid-Lactic Acid Postmilking Teat Germicide in Reducing Incidence of Bovine Mastitis1." Journal of Food Protection 51, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 799–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-51.10.799.

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The efficacy of a postmilking teat germicide containing Lauricidin®, and caprylic, capric, and lactic acids was evaluated against new udder infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae. The germicide was evaluated in two controlled infection trials using two dilutions of a concentrate. Active ingredients of the concentrate were 1% Lauricidin®, 5% caprylic/capric acids, and 6% lactic acid. The first dilution contained one part germicide to seven parts distilled water. New intramammary infections with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae were reduced 34.6% (P < 0.10) and 63.1% (P < 0.01), respectively. In the second trial, the germicide was diluted one part concentrate to three parts distilled water and tested using the same protocol. Efficacies were 67.8% (P < 0.001) and 77.2% (P < 0.001) against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae, respectively.

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12

Skrivanova, E., V. Skrivanova, Z. Volek, and M. Marounek. "Effect of triacylglycerols of medium-chain fatty acids on growth rate and mortality of rabbits weaned at 25 and 35 days of age." Veterinární Medicína 54, No. 1 (February 11, 2009): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3079-vetmed.

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Three hundred Hyplus rabbits reared on a commercial farm were weaned at the age of 25 days and 300 rabbits were weaned at the age of 35 days. Early-weaned and conventionally weaned rabbits were assigned to three groups and fed diets supplemented with protected palm fat (PPF), coconut oil (CO) and an oil containing triacylglycerols (TAG) of caprylic and capric acid (Akomed R) at 10 g/kg. The principal fatty acids in these supplements were palmitic, lauric and caprylic acid, respectively. Diets were fed until slaughter at 77 days of age. Mortality of early-weaned rabbits fed the diet supplemented with oil containing TAG of caprylic and capric acid (23%) was significantly lower than that of rabbits fed PPF (45%), and non-significantly lower than mortality of rabbits fed CO (37%). Corresponding mortality rates in rabbits weaned at 35 days of age were 6, 14 and 16%. In all groups, the highest mortality occurred in the 2<sup>nd</sup> and the 3<sup>rd</sup> week after weaning. The final body weights of surviving early-weaned rabbits were not significantly different. In conventionally weaned rabbits, however, final body weight was significantly lower in rabbits fed PPF. It can be concluded that under practical field conditions early weaning represents a risk for animal health and leads to a high mortality of young rabbits. The negative effect of early weaning can be alleviated by commercially available TAG of caprylic and capric acid.

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13

Fletcher, Nicola F., Luke W. Meredith, Emma L. Tidswell, Steven R. Bryden, Daniel Gonçalves-Carneiro, Yasmin Chaudhry, Claire Shannon-Lowe, et al. "A novel antiviral formulation inhibits a range of enveloped viruses." Journal of General Virology 101, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1090–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.001472.

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Some free fatty acids derived from milk and vegetable oils are known to have potent antiviral and antibacterial properties. However, therapeutic applications of short- to medium-chain fatty acids are limited by physical characteristics such as immiscibility in aqueous solutions. We evaluated a novel proprietary formulation based on an emulsion of short-chain caprylic acid, ViroSAL, for its ability to inhibit a range of viral infections in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, ViroSAL inhibited the enveloped viruses Epstein–Barr, measles, herpes simplex, Zika and orf parapoxvirus, together with Ebola, Lassa, vesicular stomatitis and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) pseudoviruses, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Evaluation of the components of ViroSAL revealed that caprylic acid was the main antiviral component; however, the ViroSAL formulation significantly inhibited viral entry compared with caprylic acid alone. In vivo, ViroSAL significantly inhibited Zika and Semliki Forest virus replication in mice following the inoculation of these viruses into mosquito bite sites. In agreement with studies investigating other free fatty acids, ViroSAL had no effect on norovirus, a non-enveloped virus, indicating that its mechanism of action may be surfactant disruption of the viral envelope. We have identified a novel antiviral formulation that is of great interest for the prevention and/or treatment of a broad range of enveloped viruses, particularly those of the skin and mucosal surfaces.

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14

Süli, Ágnes, Béla Béri, János Csapó, and Éva Vargáné Visi. "Possibility of oil seeds in feeding dairy cows." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 57 (March 20, 2014): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/57/1962.

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The efforts to modify the fatty acid composition of milk have intensified with health conscious nutrition coming to the forefront.This experiment of ours was designed to investigate to what extent the natural-based feed additives, such as oilseeds, can influence the fatty acid composition of cow’s milk.Further information was gained about feeding of oilseeds in specific amounts to be fitted into the technology of a large-scale dairy farm in practice. The feed supplements were whole, untreated rapeseed and whole, untreated linseed, as part of a total mixed ration. In case of saturated fatty acids when supplementing with whole rapeseed the most significant change was observable in the concentration of the caprylic acid, capric acid, undecylic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, stearic acid. In case of unsaturated fatty acids the quantity of oleic acid enhanced considerably. When observating the feeding with whole linseed the concentration of many saturated fatty acids lowered (caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid). The quantity of some unsaturated fatty acids was showing a distinct rise after feeding with linseed, this way the oleic acid, α-linolenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, eicosadienoic acid. The aim of the study was to produce food which meets the changed demands of customers, as well.

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Cochrane, Roger A., Steve S. Dritz, Jason C. Woodworth, Charles R. Stark, Marut Saensukjaroenphon, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jianfa Bai, et al. "Assessing the effects of medium-chain fatty acids and fat sources on PEDV infectivity." Translational Animal Science 4, no. 2 (November 29, 2019): 1051–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txz179.

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Abstract: The overall objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) to other common fat sources to minimize the risk of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) cross-contamination in a pig bioassay. Treatments were feed with mitigants inoculated with PEDV after application and were: 1) positive control with no chemical treatment; 2) 0.325% commercially available formaldehyde-based product; 3) 1% blend of 1:1:1 caproic (C6), caprylic (C8), and capric acids (C10) and applied with an aerosolizing nozzle; 4) treatment 3 applied directly into the mixer without an aerosolizing nozzle; 5) 0.66% caproic acid; 6) 0.66% caprylic acid; 7) 0.66% capric acid; 8) 0.66% lauric acid; 9) 1% blend of 1:1 capric and lauric acids; 10) 0.3% commercially available dry C12 product; 11) 1% canola oil; 12) 1% choice white grease; 13) 2% coconut oil; 14) 1% coconut oil; 15) 2% palm kernel oil; 16) 1% palm kernel oil; 17) 1% soy oil and four analysis days (0, 1, 3, and 7 post inoculation) as well as 1 treatment of PEDV-negative feed without chemical treatment. There was a treatment × day interaction (P < 0.002) for detectable PEDV RNA. The magnitude of the increase in Ct value from d 0 to 7 was dependent upon the individual treatments. Feed treated with individual MCFA, 1% MCFA blend, or commercial-based formaldehyde had fewer (P < 0.05) detectable viral particles than all other treatments. Commercial-based formaldehyde, 1% MCFA, 0.66% caproic, 0.66% caprylic, and 0.66% capric acids had no evidence of infectivity 10-d old pig bioassay, while there was no evidence the C12 commercial product or longer chain fat sources inhibited PEDV infectivity. Interestingly, pigs given the coconut oil source with the highest composition of caprylic and capric only showed signs of infectivity on the last day of bioassay. These data suggest some MCFA have potential for reducing post feed manufacture PEDV contamination.

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Wang, Xie, Li, Miao, and Wu. "Oxidative Stability of Stripped Soybean Oil during Accelerated Oxidation: Impact of Monoglyceride and Triglyceride—Structured Lipids Using DHA as sn-2 Acyl-Site Donors." Foods 8, no. 9 (September 12, 2019): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8090407.

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The current work aimed to clarify the effects of four structured lipids, including monoglycerides with docosahexaenoic acid (2D-MAG), diacylglycerols with caprylic acid (1,3C-DAG), triglyceride with caprylic acid at sn-1,3 and DHA at sn-2 position (1,3C-2D-TAG) and caprylic triglyceride on the oxidative stability of stripped soybean oil (SSO). The results revealed that compared to the blank group of SSO, the oxidation induction period of the sample with 2 wt% 2D-MAG and that with 1,3C-DAG were delayed by 2–3 days under accelerated oxidation conditions (50 °C), indicating that 2D-MAG and 1,3C-DAG prolonged the oxidation induction period of SSO. However, the inhibitory effect of α-tocopherol on SSO oxidation was reduced by 2D-MAG after addition of 2D-MAG to SSO containing α-tocopherol. 2D-MAG exhibited different antioxidative/pro-oxidative effects in the added/non-added antioxidants system. Compared to caprylic triglyceride, DHA at the sn-2 acyl site induced oxidation of structured lipids, thus further promoting the oxidation of SSO. The antioxidant was able to inhibit not only the oxidation of DHA in the SSO, but also the transesterification of sn-2 DHA to sn-1/sn-3 DHA in the structured lipid.

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17

Skrivanova, E., M. Marounek, V. Benda, and P. Brezina. "Susceptibility of Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp. and Clostridium perfringensto organic acids and monolaurin." Veterinární Medicína 51, No. 3 (March 19, 2012): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5524-vetmed.

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The antimicrobial activity of fatty acids, monolaurin, citric, succinic, fumaric, malic and lactic acid was determined in cultures of two strains of Escherichia coli, three strains of Salmonella sp. and two strains of Clostridium perfringens. Antimicrobial activity was expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) that prevented growth and glucose utilization in treated cultures. Caprylic acid was the only acid inhibiting glucose utilization in all cultures. Its MIC varied from 1 to 3 mg/ml. Strains CCM 3954 and CCM 4225 of E. coli were inhibited also by capric acid at 5 mg/ml. Strains CCM 4435<sup>T </sup>and CNCTC 5459 of Cl. perfringens were inhibited by medium-chain fatty acids (C<sub>8</sub> to C<sub>14</sub>), oleic acid and one strain also by linoleic acid. The minimum MICs were those of lauric and myristic acid (between 0.1 and 0.2 mg/ml). Growth of Cl. perfringens, but not other bacteria, was inhibited also by monoglyceride of lauric acid (MIC = 3 mg/ml), and by citric acid (MIC = 4 mg/ml). Inhibitory effects of other acids were not observed at 5 mg/ml. Caprylic and lauric acid did not influence the K<sup>+ </sup>permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane in cells of E. coli CCM 4225 and Cl. perfringens CCM 4435<sup>T</sup>, respectively. In cultures of both strains of E. coli treated with caprylic acid at 5 mg/ml, and in those of Cl. perfringens CCM 4435<sup>T </sup>treated with lauric acid at 1 mg/ml, or with its monoglyceride at 5 mg/ml, the transmission electron microscopy revealed damage of cytoplasmatic structures. In cells of Cl. perfringens the separation of inner and outer membranes was apparent, the integrity of the outer membrane, however, was maintained. It can be concluded that medium-chain fatty acids are more efficient antimicrobials than other, more polar organic acids tested.

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Arivazhagan, G., G. Parthipan, and T. Thenappan. "Dielectric investigation of the tetrahydrofuran+caprylic acid system." Physics and Chemistry of Liquids 49, no. 4 (July 2011): 414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00319100903244451.

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19

Bernard, Nadine, Claude Jolivalt, and Jacques Schwartzentruber. "Protein precipitation by caprylic acid: Equilibrium composition data." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 49, no. 4 (March 26, 2000): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19960220)49:4<405::aid-bit7>3.0.co;2-t.

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20

Ogden, John R., and Kiu Leung. "Purification of murine monoclonal antibodies by caprylic acid." Journal of Immunological Methods 111, no. 2 (July 1988): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(88)90139-1.

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21

Wang, Chun-feng, Guo-wei Zhou, Yan-Jing Li, Nan Lu, Hong-bin Song, and Lei Zhang. "Biocatalytic esterification of caprylic acid with caprylic alcohol by immobilized lipase on amino-functionalized mesoporous silica." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 406 (July 2012): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.04.053.

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22

Świątkiewicz, Małgorzata, Ewa Hanczakowska, Krzysztof Okoń, Piotr Kowalczyk, and Eugeniusz R. Grela. "Effect of Maternal Diet and Medium Chain Fatty Acids Supplementation for Piglets on Their Digestive Tract Development, Structure, and Chyme Acidity as Well as Performance and Health Status." Animals 10, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10050834.

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of oils for sows during late pregnancy and lactation on offspring performance. In addition, the effect of caprylic acid (C8) or medium-chain triglyceride oil (MCT) in piglets’ feed on their gut development, performance, and health status was determined. The experiment was conducted on 24 sows allocated to two treatments: diet with rapeseed oil or with coconut oil. Newborn piglets were randomly allocated to three treatments: feed with no supplement or supplemented with 0.3% MCT or with 0.3% C8. The results showed that both oils had no effect on sow reproductive rates; however, fatty acid patterns of milk differed significantly and the number of lost piglets was lower in sow fed with coconut oil. Both caprylic and MCT oil significantly improved piglet performance and villus height. These additives did not change triacylglycerol content in blood, but C8 lowered total cholesterol and MCT increased IgG content. It can be concluded that coconut oil fed to pregnant and lactating sows can markedly reduce the mortality of piglets and that caprylic acid and medium-chain fatty acid oil can be a good supplement in weaned piglet feed.

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Altinoz, Meric A., Aysel Ozpinar, and Thomas N. Seyfried. "Caprylic (Octanoic) Acid as a Potential Fatty Acid Chemotherapeutic for Glioblastoma." Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 159 (August 2020): 102142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102142.

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24

Skřivanová, Eva, Zuzana Molatová, and Milan Marounek. "Effects of caprylic acid and triacylglycerols of both caprylic and capric acid in rabbits experimentally infected with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O103." Veterinary Microbiology 126, no. 4 (January 2008): 372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.07.010.

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Señarís, R. M., M. D. Lewis, F. Lago, F. Domínguez, M. F. Scanlon, and C. Diéguez. "Effects of free fatty acids on somatostatin secretion, content and mRNA levels in cortical and hypothalamic fetal rat neurones in monolayer culture." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 10, no. 2 (April 1993): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0100207.

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ABSTRACT The effects of free fatty acids on somatostatin secretion, content and mRNA levels in fetal rat hypothalamic and cortical cell cultures were investigated. Somatostatin secretion and content were quantified by radioimmunoassay. Somatostatin mRNA levels were measured by Northern blot hybridization using a cRNA probe. Treatment with either caprylic acid (5×10-3m) or oleic acid (5× 10-5 m) for 90 min inhibited basal somatostatin secretion in both hypothalamic and cortical cell cultures. In addition, the increase in somatostatin secretion induced by incubation with veratridine (10-4m) or carbachol (10-4m) for 90 min was significantly reduced by the addition of caprylic acid, but somatostatin release stimulated by 5·6×10-2m KCl was not affected. Furthermore, treatment with these free fatty acids for 90 min markedly decreased somatostatin mRNA levels in both types of neurone culture. These inhibitory effects were transient, being observed after 90 min, but not after 5 h. These results support the probability that there is a role for free fatty acids in the regulation of somatostatin mRNA levels and somatostatin secretion in both hypothalamic and cortical cell cultures.

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Souza, Matheus S., Luan F. Diniz, Lautaro Vogt, Paulo S. Carvalho, Richard F. D’vries, and Javier Ellena. "Avoiding irreversible 5-fluorocytosine hydration via supramolecular synthesis of pharmaceutical cocrystals." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 18 (2018): 14994–5005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj02647e.

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Konuklu, Yeliz, and Halime Ö. Paksoy. "Polystyrene-based caprylic acid microencapsulation for thermal energy storage." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 159 (January 2017): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2016.09.016.

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Renier, G., T. Abribat, P. Brazeau, N. Deslauriers, and P. Gaudreau. "Cellular mechanism of caprylic acid-induced growth hormone suppression." Metabolism 39, no. 10 (October 1990): 1108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(90)90173-a.

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Manoukas, A. G. "The effect of C6- to CIO- fatty acids on larval growth and survival of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae)." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 13 (June 7, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.14033.

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The effects of caproic (C6), amino caproic (C6), caprylic (C8) and cupric (CIO) acid on larval performance of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae) were investigated. The acids were added to an artificial larval diet at four different concentration levels, during the mixing of its ingredients. Eggs obtained from a colony of olive fruit flies were placed on these diets and on the control. caproic acid depressed significantly egg hatchability, larval survival and larval weight at the dietary level of 0.05 and 0.1 %. In addition, it did not permit eggs to hatch at the level of 0.2%. On the contrary, aminocaproic acid did not depress any of the parameters recorded up to the level of 0.2%. The levels of 0.4 to 1.6% depressed larval survival larval growth and pupal weight and the level of 3.2% did not permit larvae to survive. caprylic acid depressed significantly hatchability, larval survival and number of pupae/g diet at the level of 0.0125% and gave no pupae at the level of 0.1%. Finally cupric acid depressed egg hatchability, larval survival and larval weight from the level of 0.05% and gave no pupae at the level of 0.2%, Adult emergence was not affected by any of the acids tested.

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Wu, Yinqi, Caroline E. Paul, and Frank Hollmann. "Stabilisation of the Fatty Acid Decarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis by Caprylic Acid." ChemBioChem 22, no. 14 (June 2021): 2420–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202100182.

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Aly, Aly, Ezzat Hussein, Moawad Omar, Ibrahim El-Abbasi, and Kamel Abd-Elsalam. "Effect of fatty acid content on the level of cottonseed colonization by fungi." Biological Letters 48, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10120-011-0013-9.

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Effect of fatty acid content on the level of cottonseed colonization by fungiNon-sterilized seeds of 12 Egyptain cotton (Gossypium barbadenseL.) genotypes were examined for qualitative and quantitative estimates of seed-borne fungi.Rhizopus stolonifer(39.7%),Aspergillus niger(33.5%), andPenicilliumsp. (23.3%) were the most predominant fungi isolated from the seeds. Other fungi occurred at frequencies that ranged from 0.3 to 17.7%. Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis of fatty acid composition of the seeds revealed the presence of the following fatty acids: caproic, caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, margaric, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic. The total mean percentage of the monounsaturated fatty acids was 59.11%, while that of the unsaturated fatty acids was 16.72%. Isolation frequencies ofAlternaria alternata, A. flavus, A. nigerwere not significantly correlated with the content of any fatty acid. Isolation frequencies of the other fungi were significantly correlated with the content of 1-2 fatty acids.Cladosporiumsp. was a notable exception because its isolation frequency was significantly correlated with the content of caproic (r= 0.926,p< 0.01), caprylic (r= 0.638,p< 0.05), palmitic (r= -0.586,p< 0.05), and linoleic acid (r= 0.917,p< 0.01). It was possible to group the isolated fungi into 5 distinct categories based on their sensitivity to the fatty acids (the magnitude ofR2 values). The results of the present investigation suggest that certain fatty acids regulate the colonization of cottonseed by fungi, and that the control of these fungi may be possible by modifying the fatty acid content of the seed.

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Hanczakowska, E., A. Szewczyk, M. Świątkiewicz, and K. Okoń. "Short- and medium-chain fatty acids as a feed supplement for weaning and nursery pigs." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjvs-2013-0092.

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AbstractThe effect of supplementing piglet diets with acidifiers containing the short-chain fatty acids - SCFA (propionic C3 and formic) together with medium-chain fatty acids - MCFA (caprylic C8 and capric C10) on performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, intestinal microflora and small intestine structure was investigated. The study was performed on 326 piglets allocated to 5 experimental groups. They were fed a standard diet (Group I - control) or a standard diet supplemented with 0.5% propionic and formic acids (Group II - PF). Group III (PF + C8), group IV (PF + C10) and group V (PF + C8 + C10) received the same mixture as group II with a supplement of 0.2% of caprylic and/or capric acids, respectively. Apparent digestibility of nutrients and microbiological analyses were performed. The structure of jejunum mucosa was also examined. Piglets receiving capric acid (groups IV and V) had the highest body weight gains. Piglets receiving MCFA digested protein and fiber better (P≤0.05) than piglets receiving SCFA as acidifier. There was no difference in intestinal microflora except for Clostridium perfringens, the population of which was reduced by SCFA (group II). Villi of the mucosal epithelium were the highest (P ≤ 0.05) in piglets receiving SCFA with capric acid (group IV). Under the conditions of this study a mixture of SCFA (propionic and formic) with capric acid significantly improves performance of piglets.

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Sheela, DL, A. Narayanankutty, PA Nazeem, AC Raghavamenon, and SR Muthangaparambil. "Lauric acid induce cell death in colon cancer cells mediated by the epidermal growth factor receptor downregulation: An in silico and in vitro study." Human & Experimental Toxicology 38, no. 7 (April 3, 2019): 753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327119839185.

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Coconut oil (CO) is enriched with medium chain saturated fatty acids like lauric acid (LA), capric acid and caprylic acid, which are known to have several health benefits. LA, the predominant fatty acid in CO, is reported to possess anticancer activity mediated through oxidative stress-induced apoptosis; however, there is no clear information on its cellular signalling mechanism. The present study screened the anticancer potential of various fatty acids present in CO (capric acid, caprylic acid and LA) using in silico tools such as CDOCKER in Accelrys Discovery Studio by targeting proteins like epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclin-dependent kinase and thymidine synthase (TS). The results were further confirmed using cell culture-based studies and quantitative PCR. Among the tested compounds, LA was found to be the most active and showed a higher affinity towards EGFR and TS. Corroborating with these results, LA-induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity towards HCT-15 (human colon cancer), HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma) and Raw 264.7 (murine macrophages) cells exhibiting morphological characteristics of apoptosis. Further, in HCT-15 cells exposed to LA (30 and 50 µg/mL), the expression of EGFR was found to be downregulated by 1.33- and 1.58-fold. The study thus concludes that the anticancer activity of LA may be partially mediated by the downregulation of EGFR signalling and consequent reduction in cell viability through apoptosis. Since EGFR signalling is crucial in cancer cell survival and is a prime target in drug development, the present study has pharmacological significance.

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34

Rosenblatt, Joel, Ruth A. Reitzel, and Issam Raad. "Caprylic Acid and Glyceryl Trinitrate Combination for Eradication of Biofilm." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 3 (December 22, 2014): 1786–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.04561-14.

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ABSTRACTThere is a growing need for biocompatible, broad-spectrum, nonantibiotic, antimicrobial treatments because of the frequent ineffectiveness of antibiotics against biofilms and the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance. In this study, we demonstrate rapid and complete biofilm eradication in anin vitromodel with synergistic combinations of glyceryl trinitrate and caprylic acid against resistant Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal biofilms.

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Ruiz-Rico, María, Cristina Fuentes, Édgar Pérez-Esteve, Ana I. Jiménez-Belenguer, Amparo Quiles, María D. Marcos, Ramón Martínez-Máñez, and José M. Barat. "Bactericidal activity of caprylic acid entrapped in mesoporous silica nanoparticles." Food Control 56 (October 2015): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.03.016.

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36

Arias, S., M. M. Prieto, B. Ramajo, A. Espina, and J. R. García. "Model-free kinetics applied to the vaporization of caprylic acid." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 98, no. 2 (July 28, 2009): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-009-0301-3.

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37

Rioux, Vincent. "Fatty acid acylation of proteins: specific roles for palmitic, myristic and caprylic acids." OCL 23, no. 3 (February 10, 2016): D304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2015070.

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38

Hrkovic-Porobija, Amina, Aida Hodzic, Mensur Vegara, Husein Ohran, Almira Softic, Aida Kavazovic, and Maja Varatanovic. "The fatty acid composition of sheep's milk of an autochthonous breed." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 35, no. 1 (2019): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1901035h.

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The study included a total of 127 sheep milk samples from two different areas (Livno and Travnik) in summer feeding period (July, August and September). Fatty acids in milk were determined by gas chromatography (GC). The animals were marked with the appropriate number of ear tags on the basis of which we always took samples from the same animals through different periods. Fatty acids in milk were determined by gas chromatography and the following fatty acids composition: butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, rumenic acid. The fatty acid content of sheep's milk in this study showed a tendency of variation, both within and between sampling areas, and characterized by its relatively high content of saturated fatty acid (SFA) during the period of harvest.

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39

Han, Xiao-Xiang, Huan Du, Chin-Te Hung, Li-Li Liu, Pei-Hao Wu, Da-Hai Ren, Shing-Jong Huang, and Shang-Bin Liu. "Syntheses of novel halogen-free Brønsted–Lewis acidic ionic liquid catalysts and their applications for synthesis of methyl caprylate." Green Chemistry 17, no. 1 (2015): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4gc01470g.

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Eco-friendly [HSO₃-pmim]⁺(1/2Zn²⁺)SO₄²⁻ ionic liquid catalysts facilitates synergistic Brønsted and Lewis acidity for esterification of n-caprylic acid to methyl caprylate.

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40

Shelke, P. V., and Punit R. Rachh. "Equine Rabies Immunoglobulin: A Review." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 4-s (August 22, 2019): 730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-s.3388.

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Rabies is a major cause of human death in many developing countries. There is a worldwide shortage of human and equine rabies immune globulin. The WHO recommends combined administration of rabies vaccine and rabies immune globulin to patients after exposure. The implementation of post exposure prophylaxis by vaccination and specific immunoglobulin therapy are largely hampered by its high cost. The equine rabies immunoglobulin is less expensive than human rabies immunoglobulin, and is used for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in developing countries. Equine rabies immunoglobulin is a F(ab)2 with high specific activity, purity, and safety. Healthy horses are immunized with a rabies vaccine. Crude plasma is collected and immunoglobulin is converted into F(ab)2 fragments by pepsin digestion. The F(ab)2 fragments are purified using caprylic acid precipitation followed by ultrafiltration. Keywords: Rabies, Equine rabies immunoglobulin (ERIG), Human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG), IgG, Caprylic acid, Pepsin.

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41

Mamun, Md Rubel Al, Tasnim Ahmed, Md Selim Aktar Reza, and Md Hasanur Rahman. "Phytochemical Investigation, Fatty Acid Analysis and In Vitro Membrane Stabilizing Activity of the Roots of Amaranthus spinosus L." Dhaka University Journal of Science 69, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v69i1.54625.

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Ethylacetate extract of the roots of Amaranthus spinosus L. was subjected to phytochemical investigation and three compounds stigmasterol, 1-Eicosanol and oleic acid were isolated in pure state. The n-hexane extract was analysed for fatty acid with GC-FID and four saturated fatty acids; caprylic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid and behenic acid, and four unsaturated fatty acids; palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and erucic acid were identified and quantified. Different extracts were assessed to explore their in vitro membrane stabilizing activity using standard protocol. Methanol extract of A. spinosus showed 68.13% inhibition in hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis and 74.53% inhibition in heat induced hemolysis which was the highest than its other Kupchan fractions. Acetyl salicylic acid was used as standard that showed 42.00% inhibition of hemolysis at normal condition. Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 69(1): 59-62, 2021 (January)

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42

Abdelhamed, Hossam, Ozan Ozdemir, Iman Ibrahim, Mark Lawrence, and Attila Karsi. "Antibacterial activities of trans-cinnamaldehyde, caprylic acid, and β-resorcylic acid against catfish pathogens." Aquaculture 504 (April 2019): 334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.02.017.

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43

Liu, Boliang, Pingping Jiang, Pingbo Zhang, Gang Bian, and Mengtian Li. "Preparation and characterization of SO42−/FexAl1−xPO4 solid acid catalysts for caprylic acid esterification." Catalysis Communications 99 (August 2017): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2017.05.020.

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44

Skřivanová, V., and M. Marounek. "Effects of Caprylic Acid on Performance and Mortality of Growing Rabbits." Acta Veterinaria Brno 71, no. 4 (2002): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200271040435.

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45

Chaudhary, Jasmine. "Preservative Evaluation of Caprylic Acid Derivatives in Aluminium Hydroxide Gel – USP." Scientia Pharmaceutica 76, no. 3 (2008): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3797/scipharm.0807-24.

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Li, Yifeng. "The application of caprylic acid in downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies." Protein Expression and Purification 153 (January 2019): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pep.2018.09.003.

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47

Hovorková, Petra, and Eva Skřivanová. "Use of Caprylic Acid in Broiler Chickens: Effect on Campylobacter jejuni." Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 12, no. 8 (August 2015): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2015.1978.

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48

Li, Zuren, Wei Kuang, Yongbo Liu, Di Peng, and Lianyang Bai. "Proteomic Analysis of Horseweed ( Conyza canadensis ) Subjected to Caprylic Acid Stress." PROTEOMICS 19, no. 9 (April 18, 2019): 1800294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201800294.

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49

Saravanan, K., Beena Tyagi, and H. C. Bajaj. "Esterification of caprylic acid with alcohol over nano-crystalline sulfated zirconia." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 62, no. 1 (January 6, 2012): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-011-2671-9.

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Mognaschi, E. R., L. M. Laboranti, and A. Chierico. "Associating behaviour of pure polar liquids : dielectric properties of caprylic acid." Journal de Physique II 3, no. 8 (August 1993): 1271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp2:1993197.

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