Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Capteurs intelligents'
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Noizette, Jean-Luc. "Méthodologie de conception des capteurs intelligents application a un capteur granulométrique." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10407.
Full textNauvelade, Françoise. "Réseau à fibres optiques de capteurs intelligents et optoalimentés." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR10525.
Full textCuny, Fabien. "Synthèse d'observateurs et développement de capteurs intelligents pour la maintenance prédictive." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC212.
Full textThis thesis is part of the CIFRE agreement between the company Robert Bosch and the University of Caen Normandy in the laboratory GREYC then LAC. It consists of two parts, one which is of a fundamental nature and concerns the synthesis of observers. For the other part, it is more applied and concerns the implementation of a sensors network and ensure the routing of information from them. This is done through the network, whether wired or wireless.In the first part of the study, we looked at a fairly general class of time-varying and affine systems as they are, whose output is measured with a delay and sampled. The novelty in this class of systems is twofold:(i) the state equation is subject to an output signal injection and is therefore dependent on future outputs that are unavailable;(ii) future outputs occur at the state equation not only in the usual form of a stateindependent function, but also through the state matrix itself, which fact, appears as an unknown quantity of the model.These two novelties of the model cause in fact the loss of the "affine in the state" character of this last one, and make that one is confronted with a synthesis problem of observers never resolved previously. The solution we propose is a "Kalman filter" type observer augmented by an inter-sample predictor and saturation operators. We analyze the exponential stability of the state estimation error system by using the small gain theorem and tools of Lyapunov stability. The analysis highlights the existence of eligibility intervals in which the allowable values of the delay and the sampling period must be located in order to ensure the exponential convergence of the observer.In the second part, we are interested in predictive maintenance through practical applications via the installation of a sensor network. The purpose of this network is to perform predictive maintenance on sensitive equipment. The latter is an essential component for the implementation of IoT and Industry 4.0 applications.The purpose of this sensor network is to perform predictive maintenance on sensitive equipment. The latter is an essential component for the implementation of IoT and Industry 4.0 applications. Moreover, an observer of sampled data for affine systems in the state with output injection was studied on the basis of observers.Applications of IoT and Industry 4.0 on the Robert Bosch site in Mondeville are discussed as well as the development of a network disturbance simulator to stress the robustness of the communication of a sensor to a client
Valade, Aurelien. "Capteurs intelligents : quelles méthodologies pour la fusion de données embarquées ?" Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAT0007/document.
Full textThe work detailed in this document is the result of a collaborative effort of the LAAS-CNRS in Toulouse and MEAS-France / TE Connectivity during a period of three years.The goal here is to develop a methodology to design smart embedded sensors with the ability to estimate physical parameters based on multi-physical data fusion. This strategy tends to integrate sensors technologies, currently dedicated to lab measurements, in low powered embedded systems working in imperfects environments. After exploring model oriented methods, parameters estimations and Kalman filters, we detail various existing solutions upon which we can build a valid response to multi-physical data fusion problematics, for linear systems with the Kalman Filter, and for non-linear systems with the Extended Kalman Filter and the Unscented Kalman Filter.Then, we will synthesize a filter for hybrid systems, having a linear evolution model and a non-linear measurement model. For example, using the best of the two worlds in order to obtain the best complexity/precision ratio. Once we selected the estimation method, we detail computing power and algorithm complexity problematics in order to find available optimizations we can use to assess the usability of our system in a low power environment. Then we present the developed methodology application to the UQS sensor, sold by TE Connectivity, study case. This sensor uses near infra-red spectroscopy to determine the urea concentration in a urea/water solution, in order to control the nitrogen-oxyde depolluting process in gasoline engines. After a design principles presentation, we detail the model we created in order to represent the system, to simulate its behavior and to combine the measurement data to extract the desired concentration. During this step, we focus on the obstacles of our model calibration and the deviation compensation, due toworking conditions or to components aging process. Based on this development, we finally designed the hybrid models addressing the nominal working cases and the model re-calibration during the working duration of the product. After this, we presented obtained results, on simulated data, and on real-world measured data. Finally, we enhanced the methodology based on tabulated “black box” models which are easier to calibrate and cheaper to process. In conclusion, we reapplied our methodology to a different motion capture sensor, to compile all possible solutions and limits
Zayed, Mohamed. "Véhicules intelligents : étude et développement d'un capteur intelligent de vision pour l'attelage virtuel." Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b030da38-33c4-479d-b15b-10751fda9f2f.
Full textZayed, Mohamed. "Véhicules Intelligents : Etude et développement d'un capteur intelligent de vision pour l'attelage virtuel." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00141213.
Full textAprès une présentation de la problématique associée, le premier chapitre dresse l'état de l'art en matière de véhicules intelligents. Le second introduit la notion de capteur intelligent et présente les approches de conception que nous mettons en application pour identifier les différents services et fonctionnalités que doit intégrer ce capteur stéréoscopique intelligent pour contribuer à la réalisation de la tâche de l'Attelage Virtuel.
Le dernier chapitre expose la réalisation du capteur stéréoscopique. Nous y détaillons les problèmes que posent l'application de la stéréovision au domaine des transports et les solutions que nous y avons apportées. Ainsi, sont évoquées les difficultés posées par la phase de calibration, l'extraction en temps réel des zones d'intérêt et le problème de certification des données obtenues. Le respect des contraintes temporelles nous a conduit à mettre en œuvre un dispositif d'extraction et de tracking. Les performances de chacun des modules constitutifs de notre capteur sont étayées par des résultats expérimentaux obtenus en situation réelle. Enfin, nous présentons une technique permettant le suivi du véhicule avec une seule caméra.
Gehin, Anne-Lise. "Analyse fonctionnelle et modèle générique des capteurs intelligents : application à la surveillance de l'anesthésie." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10001.
Full textJouvray, Christophe. "Modélisation et intégration de capteurs intelligents dans des systèmes temps-réel embarqués." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112250.
Full textBack, Antoine. "Conception et intégration d'un convertisseur analogique-paramètres flexible pour les capteurs intelligents." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAT020.
Full textThe Internet of Things (IoT) is currently experiencing huge developments. IoT includes lots of different devices such as Wireless Sensors Networks (WSN) or wearable electronics that rely on wireless communications. These networks need to understand the context in which they are used. This mean that the system must know what is happening around it, i.e. sense the environment, and understands the needs of the user. This requires always-on sensing on many sensors while being small, cheap, reliable and having a lifetime of several years. Analog-to-Feature (A2F) conversion is a new acquisition method that was thought for IoT devices. The converter aims at extracting useful features directly on the analog signal. By carefully choosing a set of features, it is possible to acquire only the relevant information for a given task. The proposed converter is based on the Non-Uniform Wavelet Sampling (NUWS) architecture. The architecture mixes the analog signal with tunable wavelets prior to integration and digital conversion. The aim of the thesis is to propose a method to design a generic A2F converter based on the NUWS. It includes the definition of the wavelet parameters in order to acquire a broad range of low frequency signals (ECG, EMG, EEG, speech …). This step requires the use of feature selection algorithms and machine learning algorithms for selecting the best set of wavelets for a given application and should be used to define the specifications for the converter. The feature selection step must be aware of physical implementation constraints to optimize energy consumption as much as possible. A feature selection algorithm is proposed to choose wavelets for a given application, in order to maximize classification accuracy while decreasing power consumption, through a power model designed in CMOS 0.18μm
Chafei, Ayman. "L'utilisation de systèmes intelligents réseautés pour l'instrumentation des structures en génie civil." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1473.
Full textAssous, Noureddine. "Etude des capteurs intelligents à transmission sans fil dans les milieux industriels sévères." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAL0113.
Full text[Communication between electrical and electronic systems in industrial environments was for a long time assured through wired connection very costly in material and installation labour. The modern wireless RF transmission techniques intend to reduce or even put away this expensive cabling. The work of this thesis finds its origin in the need to replace wired transmission by RF1 transmission inside instrumented industrial machines. Its goal is to give an answer to a specific problem which is the study concerning intelligent wireless transmission sensors inside industrial harsh environments. After presentation of the work context and project roots in the first chapter, a review on wireless smart sensors is further provided. A comparison and analysis of standardization aspects and different published research results gave us the opportunity to draw the principal axes of our working field. The second part of our work is dedicated to research solutions permitting to specify the technical characteristics and conditions to satisfy to develop and promote the wireless transmission sensors inside harsh industrial environments. Next, we aim to provide the most suitable conditions, like for example, choice of frequency bands, rate. . Etc. Chapters four and five are consequently dedicated to the theoretical study concerning monochromatical and large band propagation in the vicinity of the boat engines. The models and simulation results are presented inside these chapters. The sixth and last chapter is dedicated to the practical results concerning wireless transmission inside ship engine rooms. ]
Kurşun, Bahadir Senem. "Wearable obstacle avoidance system integrated with conductive yarns for visually impaired people." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10043/document.
Full textIn this study, an innovative wearable obstacle avoidance system fully integrated to textile structures, enabling detection of obstacles, for visually impaired people has been developed. Electronic system components of the proposed smart clothing system were determined using an algorithm based on fuzzy AHP and fuzzy information axiom. Adaptation of sensor and actuator methodology to textile structures and their performances in terms of signal quality and accuracy have been analyzed. In order to find out optimal number of sensors as well as develop suitable obstacle avoidance algorithm, various scenarios have been developed and compared by chaining different number of sensors together at different angles. Vibrotactile perception level has been investigated in terms of fuzzy relations. In this manner, the kind of fabric structure, the area where smart clothing system actuators should be fixed, the kind of actuation signal waveform and its frequency level that should be applied to actuators, have been determined. An algorithm based on neuro-fuzzy controller for obstacle avoidance has also been developed by using neural network and fuzzy logic in order to guide visually impaired people with smart clothing system. Based on neuro-fuzzy control algorithm, microcontroller programming has been done. Finally, smart clothing protoype that combines garment with sensors, actuators, power supplies and a data processing unit has been developed This system is easily worn as a garment and is able to detect and identify obstacle’s position accurately
Abdallah, Amani. "Réseaux d'eau intelligents : surveillance de la qualité de l'eau par des capteurs en ligne." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10150/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to evaluate the performance of systems proposed for real-time monitoring of water quality in the drinking water network. It was conducted within the European project SmartWater4Europe and SunRise project, which aims at the construction of a demonstrator of the smart city on the campus of the“Cité Scientifique”. The work consists of 4parts:The first part presents a literature review of the work conducted on the real-time monitoring of water quality. It shows the parameters used to monitor the water quality and the technologies available to monitor these parameters.The second part presents the construction of a Lab pilot for analyzing the performance of the water quality control systems. After a description of the systems used in this thesis(EventLab, s :: can and Intellisonde), we present the procedure followed for the realization of contaminant.The third part is devoted to the study of the performance of chlorine monitoring for detection of microbial contaminants. The results show that monitoring of chlorine constitutes an effective tool for monitoring the microbiological quality of drinking water.The fourth part presents the responses of EventLab and s::can to the injection of contaminants. Tests show a high reliability of EventLab and s::can to detect chemical contaminants. Regarding biological contaminants, s::can shows an ability to detect these contaminants for bacterial concentrations exceeding 106UFC/ml.The final part presents the water network of Cité Scientifique. The results of the water quality control are presented and analyzed. It also gives the location of the water quality control systems that will be installed on the water network
Mauris, Gilles. "Capteurs ultrasonores intelligents : application à la représentation symbolique de mesures de distance par codage flou." Chambéry, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CHAMS007.
Full textRavelomanantsoa, Andrianiaina. "Approche déterministe de l'acquisition comprimée et la reconstruction des signaux issus de capteurs intelligents distribués." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0136/document.
Full textA wireless body area network (WBAN) is a new class of wireless networks dedicated to monitor human physiological parameters. It consists of small electronic devices, also called nodes, attached to or implanted in the human body. Each node comprises one or many sensors which measure physiological signals, such as electrocardiogram or body heat, and the characteristics of the surrounding environment. These nodes are mainly subject to a significant energy constraint due to the fact that the miniaturization has reduced the size of their batteries. A solution to minimize the energy consumption would be to compress the sensed data before wirelessly transmitting them. Indeed, research has shown that most of the available energy are consumed by the wireless transmitter. Conventional compression methods are not suitable for WBANs because they involve a high computational power and increase the energy consumption. To overcome these limitations, we use compressed sensing (CS) to compress and recover the sensed data. We propose a simple and efficient encoder to compress the data. We also introduce a new algorithm to reduce the complexity of the recovery process. A partnership with TEA (Technologie Ergonomie Appliquées) company allowed us to experimentally evaluate the performance of the proposed method during which a numeric version of the encoder has been used. We also developed and validated an analog version of the encoder
Ravelomanantsoa, Andrianiaina. "Approche déterministe de l'acquisition comprimée et la reconstruction des signaux issus de capteurs intelligents distribués." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0136.
Full textA wireless body area network (WBAN) is a new class of wireless networks dedicated to monitor human physiological parameters. It consists of small electronic devices, also called nodes, attached to or implanted in the human body. Each node comprises one or many sensors which measure physiological signals, such as electrocardiogram or body heat, and the characteristics of the surrounding environment. These nodes are mainly subject to a significant energy constraint due to the fact that the miniaturization has reduced the size of their batteries. A solution to minimize the energy consumption would be to compress the sensed data before wirelessly transmitting them. Indeed, research has shown that most of the available energy are consumed by the wireless transmitter. Conventional compression methods are not suitable for WBANs because they involve a high computational power and increase the energy consumption. To overcome these limitations, we use compressed sensing (CS) to compress and recover the sensed data. We propose a simple and efficient encoder to compress the data. We also introduce a new algorithm to reduce the complexity of the recovery process. A partnership with TEA (Technologie Ergonomie Appliquées) company allowed us to experimentally evaluate the performance of the proposed method during which a numeric version of the encoder has been used. We also developed and validated an analog version of the encoder
Jacquot, Aurélien. "Supervision de réseaux d'objets intelligents communicants sans fil." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719350.
Full textTailland, Johan. "Instruments intelligents : modèle et outils de conception." Chambéry, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CHAMS014.
Full textJacquot, Aurélien. "Supervision de réseaux d'objets intelligents communicants sans fil." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF22019.
Full textMatta, Natalie. "Vers une gestion décentralisée des données des réseaux de capteurs dans le contexte des smart grids." Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0010/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the decentralized management of data collected by wireless sensor networks which are deployed in a smart grid, i.e. the evolved new generation electricity network. It proposes a decentralized architecture based on multi-agent systems for both data and energy management in the smart grid. In particular, our works deal with data management of sensor networks which are deployed in the distribution electric subsystem of a smart grid. They aim at answering two key challenges: (1) detection and identification of failure and disturbances requiring swift reporting and appropriate reactions; (2) efficient management of the growing volume of data caused by the proliferation of sensors and other sensing entities such as smart meters. The management of this data can call upon several methods, including the aggregation of data packets on which we focus in this thesis. To this end, we propose to aggregate (PriBaCC) and/or to correlate (CoDA) the contents of these data packets in a decentralized manner. Data processing will thus be done faster, consequently leading to rapid and efficient decision-making concerning energy management. The validation of our contributions by means of simulation has shown that they meet the identified challenges. It has also put forward their enhancements with respect to other existing approaches, particularly in terms of reducing data volume as well as transmission delay of high priority data
Aubin, Sébastien. "Capteurs de position innovants : application aux Systèmes de Transport Intelligents dans le cadre d'un observatoire de trajectoires de véhicules." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00484751.
Full textHamidouche, Ranida. "Paradigme bio-inspiré dans les réseaux intelligents dynamiques au service de l’internet des objets." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG066.
Full textToday the Internet makes it possible to connect billions of heterogeneous electronic devices and ensures communication between them. These devices have sensors designed with resource constraints that significantly affect data collection, especially memory and battery size limitations. The divergences in the characteristics of these objects require new intelligent methods to ensure communication between them. Heuristic solutions become obsolete or powerless to satisfy the user's requirement, hence a search for new methods becomes necessarily necessary to satisfy users. Among these solutions, we have those based on bio-inspired models. In this context, intending to minimize data loss, we propose different bio-inspired approaches for the mobility of the data collector and the choice of meeting points for data collection.First of all, we propose mobility inspired by the movement of Escherichia Coli bacteria. Then, we propose a technique inspired by the grouping of grey wolves and whales for the choice of meeting points. Afterward, we improve the mobility of the collector by mobility inspired by salps.Finally, we combine these approaches by taking into account the urgency of the data. The different contributions were evaluated using simulations and then were compared with similar existing work.The results obtained are very promising in terms of energy consumption and the amount of data collected
Duarte, Leonardo Tomazeli. "Conception de réseaux de capteurs chimiques intelligents : une approche fondée sur les méthodes de séparation de sources." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459333.
Full textLogier, Régis. "Contribution à l'étude conceptuelle des instruments intelligents : une méthodologie appliquée au monitorage médical." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10079.
Full textPerrollaz, Mathias. "Détection d'obstacles multi-capteurs supervisée par stéréovision." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656864.
Full textCaron, Nathan. "Estimation de la dépense énergétique chez des personnes diabétiques de type 2 à l'aide de capteurs "intelligents"." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0048/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to review the methods and tools validated in T2D patients and to developed precise and adapted EE estimation method for these patients. After defining the most common daily activity in T2D patients (Study 1), we are interested, in particular, on static activities and walking. The results of our second study showed that the gross and net metabolic rate were 8.7 % and 14.3 % higher in T2D patients than in control subjects, respectively. These results highlight the need to validate an EE estimation method, adapted to diabetic’s specificities. The results of our third study demonstrated the validity of the activity-related EE estimated with a smart sensor and a validated algorithm during static activities and walking in T2D patients and healthy subjects. However, our results showed a lower accuracy of the estimated EE during walking in T2D patients in comparison with healthy subjects. Finally, in a fourth study, three equations estimating the total EE have been developed with acceleration data from three smart sensors (lower back, hip and ankle) and personal data (body mass index, sex, diabetes) from T2D and healthy subjects. These three equations allow to estimate the total EE during static activities and walking with a mean bias of 0.009, -0.007 et -0.008 kcal/min for the lower back, hip and ankle equation, respectively, in comparison with the reference value. Thus, this thesis enables to validate three suitable equations for the estimation of total EE in population including healthy and T2D patients, normal-weighted and overweighed and aged between 35 and 80 years, based on data from a smart sensor
Tomazeli, Duarte Leonardo. "Conception de réseaux de capteurs chimiques intelligents : une approche fondée sur les méthodes de séparation de sources." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0085.
Full textLn this thesis, we study the problem of quantitative chemical analysis through sensor arrays. However, unlike the majority of the works in this line, we consider an unsupervised approach in which the adjustment of the signal processing method does not require a set of training (or calibration) points. This situation can be formulated as a Blind Source Separation (BSS) problem. The difficulty here lies in the fact that the chemical sensors considered in this research are dearly nonlinear devices, thus resulting in nonlinear mixing models. The main contributions of this research are related to the development of nonlinear BSS methods tailor-made for arrays of ion-selective electrodes. We consider a paradigm based upon the Independent Component Analysis but also upon other strategies that allow us to incorporate some information typical of the application considered in this research, like positivity of chemical activities
Faye, Sébastien. "Contrôle et gestion du trafic routier urbain par un réseau de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0061/document.
Full textRoad traffic has a significant effect on metropolitan activities, especially during peak hours when it impacts on areas such as the economy and the environment. Road infrastructure is typically coordinated from a control centre that is responsible for maintaining not only its equipment but also their initial settings and incident management (both material and human). During the past few years, new technologies in the fields of information and communication have led to the introduction of intelligent transportation systems. Using multiple measurement points distributed across a country, an operator can count road users and calculate the network load. However, the centralization of information has a number of drawbacks. The aim of this thesis is to study the use of distributed systems in order to implement intelligent transportation systems via a wireless sensor network. Coupled to a detection unit (e.g., a magnetometer), the interconnected sensors can respond to the passage of a vehicle when deployed, for example, along the road. They can also work together without recourse to a central entity - rendering all or part of an urban area totally independent. Furthermore, these networks can operate autonomously and are less susceptible to breadown, because the overall running of the system is not affected by the failure of individual components. Finally, components are small and cheap, and they operate wirelessly, which means they can be deployed and redeployed both rapidly and densely
Sagar, Samya. "Gestion intelligente de réseaux de capteurs, intégrés à des vêtements sportifs instrumentés." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0129/document.
Full textThe Internet of Things (IoT) integrates sensor networks with the Internet, and paves the way for systems or ecosystems to help people live in both physical and cyber worlds. IoT offers the ubiquity of objects that are able to interact with each other and cooperate with their neighbors to achieve common goals. These objects, called "Smart" (SO), can detect the environment and communicate with other objects. The creation of SO and IoT system involves actors of very diverse expertise. Hence, it becomes essential to have standardized and semantic descriptions to solve the problems related to the interoperability and the semantic heterogeneity between the different available resources on the one hand, and between the different stakeholders designing/manufacturing the SO, on the other hand. Therefore, we have proposed the FSMS semantic and generic framework, which is structured into a set of ontological modules to design/manufacture a given SO. A support methodology for this framework has been equally proposed. It is based on the same ontological modules identified in the semantic component of the FSMS. These ontological modules form the SMS ontology that is proposed and constitutes the corner stone of this thesis. In order to intelligently manage an SO design, we proposed a generic process based on a semantic description of the structural and behavioral components of an SO. This process was thereafeter implemented for Smart Clothing of sports. This Sportswear is intended to be used in different contexts of use, an approach to reconfiguration/adaptation of the operation of the Smart Clothing has been proposed. This one is also based on the modular ontology SMS
Benatia, Mohamed Amin. "Optimisation multi-objectives d’une infrastructure réseau dédiée aux bâtiments intelligents." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0024/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we studied the Wireless Sensor Network deployment for indoor environments with a focus on smart building application. The goal of our work was to develop a WSN deployment tool which is able to assist network designers in the deployment phase. We begin this thesis with network modeling of all the deployment parameters and requirement, such as : cost, coverage, connectivity and network lifetime. Thereafter, we implement five optimisation methods, including three multi-objective optimization agorithms, to resolve WSN deployment problem. Then, two realistics study cases were identified to test the performances of the aforementioned algorithms. The obtained results shows that these algorithms are very efficient for deploying a small scale network in small buildings. However, when the building surface becomes more important the algorithms tends to converge to local optimum while consuming high processing time. To resolve this problem, we develop and implement a new Hybrid multi-objectif optimization algorithm wich limits the number of direct evaluation. This algorithm is based on data-mining methods (Artificial Neural Networks and K-means) and tries to approximate the fitness value of each individual in each generation. At every generation of the algorithm, the population is divided to K clusters and we evaluate only the closest individual to cluster centroide. The fitness value of the rest of population is approximated using a trained ANN. A comparative study was made and the obtained results show that our method outperformes others in the two sudy cases (small and big buildings)
Smaili, Cherif. "Fusion de données multi-capteurs à l'aide d'un réseau bayésien pour l'estimation d'état d'un véhicule." Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551833.
Full textNguyen, Dinh-Van. "Réseaux de capteurs sans-fil pour la cartographie à l'intérieur et la localisation précise servant la navigation à basse vitesse dans les villes intelligentes." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM029/document.
Full textWith the increasing demand for urban space, more and more multistory carparks are needed. Although these carparks help to utilize urban space more efficient, they also introduce a new problem. Reports suggest approximately 70 million hours of parking slot searching each year, equivalently 700 million euros loss for France alone. In addition, carparks uses are exceeding their original purposes. Demanding features such as electric charger, online booking of parking spaces, dynamic guidance or mobile payment etc. turn a carpark into a competitive smart environment. One solution to this problem is to develop an autonomous navigation system for intelligent vehicles in the carpark situation. The thesis will identify one of these sub-tasks namely localization in GPS-denied environments. This thesis will present a novel method to solve the indicated problem while keeping the system follows four criteria: availability, scalability, universality and accuracy. There are two main steps: (1) a solution to replicate the GPS behaviour for the GPS-denied environment, and (2) a framework that allows the fusion of GPS-like systems with other localization methods to achieve a high localization accuracy. First, a Wi-Fi Fingerprinting localization system is employed. An approach using an ensemble neural network on a hybrid Wi-Fi fingerprinting database is proposed in this thesis. Experiments in a year-long duration show that this system is capable of localizing vehicles with 2.25m of mean error in the global coordinate frame (WGS84). Second, a complete localization solution must be a fusion of multiple techniques. This allows global as well as local levels of localization to function together. At the same time, having redundancy in the system boosts accuracy and reliability. In this thesis, a flexible fusion framework for multiple localization sensors is proposed. This fusion framework will not only deal with the GPS-denied environment but could be potentially used in the GPS-aided environment and provide a smooth transition between the two areas. To accomplish this demanding task, a Gaussian Mixture Model Particle Filter is developed. While the motion model of this particle filter incorporates data from the IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) or laser-SLAM, the correction model is a Gaussian mixture model of multiple observations obtained from the Wi-Fi fingerprinting localization system. With two intelligent vehicles (a Cybercar and a Citroen C1 car), 64 experiments were carried out to validate the framework. A mean localization error of 0.5m is achieved in a global coordinate frame. Compare to other solutions with 0.2m of mean localization error in local coordinate frames; this proposed solution has advantages in terms of scalability, availability and universality as well
Faye, Sébastien. "Contrôle et gestion du trafic routier urbain par un réseau de capteurs sans fil." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0061.
Full textRoad traffic has a significant effect on metropolitan activities, especially during peak hours when it impacts on areas such as the economy and the environment. Road infrastructure is typically coordinated from a control centre that is responsible for maintaining not only its equipment but also their initial settings and incident management (both material and human). During the past few years, new technologies in the fields of information and communication have led to the introduction of intelligent transportation systems. Using multiple measurement points distributed across a country, an operator can count road users and calculate the network load. However, the centralization of information has a number of drawbacks. The aim of this thesis is to study the use of distributed systems in order to implement intelligent transportation systems via a wireless sensor network. Coupled to a detection unit (e.g., a magnetometer), the interconnected sensors can respond to the passage of a vehicle when deployed, for example, along the road. They can also work together without recourse to a central entity - rendering all or part of an urban area totally independent. Furthermore, these networks can operate autonomously and are less susceptible to breadown, because the overall running of the system is not affected by the failure of individual components. Finally, components are small and cheap, and they operate wirelessly, which means they can be deployed and redeployed both rapidly and densely
Liang, Fang-Cheng. "Nouvelle application multifonctionnelle pour textiles intelligents dans les dispositifs optoélectroniques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV020.
Full textTo date, the development of smart textiles, artificial skins, environmental sensory devices, and flexible/stretchable optoelectronics involve the innovation of material synthesis, mechanical design, and fabrication strategies have attracted considerable attention in wearable displays. The mechanically flexible and stretchable functions with cost-effective, facile, lightweight, and large-area expandability are essential modules to fabricate the optoelectronic devices in various wearable display applications. Among them, electrospinning is an easy, versatile, and inexpensive technique enables flexible morphology tuning, assembling various functional nanofibers, and high-throughput continuous production has motivated extensive studies on wearable electronics applications. Therefore, it is necessary to develop innovative projects including the environment-sensing elements with pH-sensing dependency, temperature-sensitive, full-color switchable chemosensors, stretchable electronics, and tactile sensors for various wearable electronics applications
Adwan, Adam. "Étude d'un système de détection d'occupants pour les airbags intelligents." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066384.
Full textBillet, Benjamin. "Système de gestion de flux pour l'Internet des objets intelligents." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS012V/document.
Full textThe Internet of Things (IoT) is currently characterized by an ever-growing number of networked Things, i.e., devices which have their own identity together with advanced computation and networking capabilities: smartphones, smart watches, smart home appliances, etc. In addition, these Things are being equipped with more and more sensors and actuators that enable them to sense and act on their environment, enabling the physical world to be linked with the virtual world. Specifically, the IoT raises many challenges related to its very large scale and high dynamicity, as well as the great heterogeneity of the data and systems involved (e.g., powerful versus resource-constrained devices, mobile versus fixed devices, continuously-powered versus battery-powered devices, etc.). These challenges require new systems and techniques for developing applications that are able to (i) collect data from the numerous data sources of the IoT and (ii) interact both with the environment using the actuators, and with the users using dedicated GUIs. To this end, we defend the following thesis: given the huge volume of data continuously being produced by sensors (measurements and events), we must consider (i) data streams as the reference data model for the IoT and (ii) continuous processing as the reference computation model for processing these data streams. Moreover, knowing that privacy preservation and energy consumption are increasingly critical concerns, we claim that all the Things should be autonomous and work together in restricted areas as close as possible to the users rather than systematically shifting the computation logic into powerful servers or into the cloud. For this purpose, our main contribution can be summarized as designing and developing a distributed data stream management system for the IoT. In this context, we revisit two fundamental aspects of software engineering and distributed systems: service-oriented architecture and task deployment. We address the problems of (i) accessing data streams through services and (ii) deploying continuous processing tasks automatically, according to the characteristics of both tasks and devices. This research work lead to the development of a middleware layer called Dioptase, designed to run on the Things and abstract them as generic devices that can be dynamically assigned communication, storage and computation tasks according to their available resources. In order to validate the feasability and the relevance of our work, we implemented a prototype of Dioptase and evaluated its performance. In addition, we show that Dioptase is a realistic solution which can work in cooperation with legacy sensor and actuator networks currently deployed in the environment
Pous, Nicolas. "Détection de fautes pour les capteurs embarqués de véhicules intelligents basée sur la redondance analytique utilisant une transformation non linéaire." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9599.
Full textLu, Jianbo. "Development of intelligent textiles from conductive polymer composites (CPC) for vapour and temperature sensing." Lorient, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LORIS149.
Full textOliveira, Aurélien. "Conception et développement de capteurs et vêtements intelligents pour le suivi et la protection des pompiers : mesures thermiques non-invasives ambulatoires." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677778.
Full textLi, Hang. "Utilisation de matériaux bois intelligents pour la gestion durable des infrastructures." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30288/document.
Full textFor fifteen years, we restart to construct with wood, and particularly with glulam to respond to the new challenges imposed by the issues of sustainable development. However, degradation issues related to moisture content (MC) or wetting/drying cycles limit the development of timber structures. As a result, the MC monitoring in timber structures becomes a critical issue. Today, several solutions exist but they do not allow a local monitoring in the lamellas of glulam. Such a solution would improve the prediction of the service life of timber structures. In the light of this observation, we proposed to transform glulam into "smart material" by embedding a MC monitoring system in the lamellas, and this, considering the major constraints of fabrication of this material (small glue line thickness, important bonding pressure, etc.). To achieve this, we have conducted a bibliographic research, in order to select the monitoring methods which can satisfy these constraints. According to this research, two technologies turn out to be interesting: the electrical measurements and the ultrasonic measurements. Several measurement configurations were proposed and tested in this PhD work. Thereafter, we conducted preliminary tests to make sure of the good functionality of these measurement configurations, and also to verify the behavior of sensors throughout the glulam fabrication process. Afterwards, we moistened the specimens with two different moistening protocols in order to verify the feasibility of MC monitoring with embedded sensors. Results showed that all the measurement configurations are operational for the MC monitoring in glulam specimens. Moreover, for electrical measurements, our results show that we can adopt almost the same calibration models for the MC monitoring by resistive measurements, no matter the type of sensors used. Furthermore, it is possible to obtain complementary information by the realization of the resistive and capacitive measurements at the same time, using surface electrodes. Regarding the ultrasonic measurements, we have obtained the sensibility curves in frequency of several families of piezoelectric film sensors. On the other hand, the influence of bonding pressure and of sensor distance on the electrical/ultrasonic measurements was also investigated in this study. Future studies will consist in using these measurement configurations to perform in situ monitoring in timber structures, and also to establish a link between the durability of glulam structures and the wetting/drying cycles in order to predict the service life of timber structures
Dumoncel, Didier. "Airbags intelligents : étude d'un système ultrasonore pour la localisation de visages." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066112.
Full textYuan, Yi. "Torque ripple reduction in a permanent magnet synchronous machine using repetitive control techniques (Drift)." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=d81a622d-ce54-4be1-8bed-491ba10fa201.
Full textPermanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs), due to their attractive efficiency, reliability and performance, are rapidly gaining popularity in many applications. However, torque ripples of PMSM generally cause speed ripples, which are considered as an important hindrance in some low speed applications. The repetitive control (RC), which is particularly suitable for the reduction of periodic disturbance, is chosen to achieve the torque ripple reduction, because torque ripples of PMSM can be considered as periodic disturbances. The use of the RC for machine torque ripple reduction is not new. However, the reduction is always achieved at a given speed. This is due to the nature of the RC. So as to extend the use of the RC to varying speeds, the angle-based RC technique, which takes the mechanical angle as the running variable, is considered in this work. Thanks to the fixed relationships between the torque ripples and the mechanical angle, the angle-based repetitive controller can keep its rejection capability, whether the speed is constant or not. Besides, applying the RC in a PMSM drive requires to implement a new controller, which is hardly achievable for commercial systems. In order to apply the RC for PMSM drives, this paper proposes to include the RC into a speed sensor, forming a particular speed sensor called repetitive smart sensor. Accordingly, the torque ripple reduction can simply be accomplished by changing a conventional speed sensor for a repetitive smart one. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed angle-based repetitive smart sensor is verified through experimental results
Mehmood, Muhammad Owais. "Détection de personnes pour des systèmes de videosurveillance multi-caméra intelligents." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0016/document.
Full textPeople detection is a well-studied open challenge in the field of Computer Vision with applications such as in the visual surveillance systems. Monocular detectors have limited ability to handle occlusion, clutter, scale, density. Ubiquitous presence of cameras and computational resources fuel the development of multi-camera detection systems. In this thesis, we study the multi-camera people detection; specifically, the use of multi-view probabilistic occupancy maps based on the camera calibration. Occupancy maps allow multi-view geometric fusion of several camera views. Detection with such maps create several false detections and we study this phenomenon: ghost pruning. Further, we propose two novel techniques in order to improve multi-view detection based on: (a) kernel deconvolution, and (b) occupancy shape modeling. We perform non-temporal, multi-view reasoning in occupancy maps to recover accurate positions of people in challenging conditions such as of occlusion, clutter, lighting, and camera variations. We show improvements in people detections across three challenging datasets for visual surveillance including comparison with state-of-the-art techniques. We show the application of this work in exigent transportation scenarios i.e. people detection for surveillance at a train station and at an airport
Bezet, Olivier. "Etude de la qualité temporelle des données dans un système distribué pour la fusion multi-capteurs." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1586.
Full textThe research work depicted in this thesis concerns the multi-sensor data fusion or combination in distributed environments. The objective is to improve the data accuracy by taking into account the timestamping error. The target application considered in this thesis consists of a data acquisition and processing system, embedded in an instrumented vehicle. Firstly, a method of interval timestamping correspondence in distributed environment is proposed. Ln addition to the good synchronization quality, the method has the advantage of limiting the exchanged messages on the bus. Ln the second stage and in order to reuse existing algorithms based on exact dates, we propose a method to convert linearly interval dates into punctual dates. The timestamping error is thus reflected on data imprecision. Different experiments in the advanced driver assistance systems domain have validated this study
Chavez, Garcia Ricardo Omar. "Multiple sensor fusion for detection, classification and tracking of moving objects in driving environments." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM034/document.
Full textAdvanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) help drivers to perform complex driving tasks and to avoid or mitigate dangerous situations. The vehicle senses the external world using sensors and then builds and updates an internal model of the environment configuration. Vehicle perception consists of establishing the spatial and temporal relationships between the vehicle and the static and moving obstacles in the environment. Vehicle perception is composed of two main tasks: simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) deals with modelling static parts; and detection and tracking moving objects (DATMO) is responsible for modelling moving parts in the environment. In order to perform a good reasoning and control, the system has to correctly model the surrounding environment. The accurate detection and classification of moving objects is a critical aspect of a moving object tracking system. Therefore, many sensors are part of a common intelligent vehicle system. Classification of moving objects is needed to determine the possible behaviour of the objects surrounding the vehicle, and it is usually performed at tracking level. Knowledge about the class of moving objects at detection level can help improve their tracking. Most of the current perception solutions consider classification information only as aggregate information for the final perception output. Also, management of incomplete information is an important requirement for perception systems. Incomplete information can be originated from sensor-related reasons, such as calibration issues and hardware malfunctions; or from scene perturbations, like occlusions, weather issues and object shifting. It is important to manage these situations by taking them into account in the perception process. The main contributions in this dissertation focus on the DATMO stage of the perception problem. Precisely, we believe that including the object's class as a key element of the object's representation and managing the uncertainty from multiple sensors detections, we can improve the results of the perception task, i.e., a more reliable list of moving objects of interest represented by their dynamic state and appearance information. Therefore, we address the problems of sensor data association, and sensor fusion for object detection, classification, and tracking at different levels within the DATMO stage. Although we focus on a set of three main sensors: radar, lidar, and camera, we propose a modifiable architecture to include other type or number of sensors. First, we define a composite object representation to include class information as a part of the object state from early stages to the final output of the perception task. Second, we propose, implement, and compare two different perception architectures to solve the DATMO problem according to the level where object association, fusion, and classification information is included and performed. Our data fusion approaches are based on the evidential framework, which is used to manage and include the uncertainty from sensor detections and object classifications. Third, we propose an evidential data association approach to establish a relationship between two sources of evidence from object detections. We observe how the class information improves the final result of the DATMO component. Fourth, we integrate the proposed fusion approaches as a part of a real-time vehicle application. This integration has been performed in a real vehicle demonstrator from the interactIVe European project. Finally, we analysed and experimentally evaluated the performance of the proposed methods. We compared our evidential fusion approaches against each other and against a state-of-the-art method using real data from different driving scenarios. These comparisons focused on the detection, classification and tracking of different moving objects: pedestrian, bike, car and truck
Bader, Kaci. "Tolérance aux fautes pour la perception multi-capteurs : application à la localisation d'un véhicule intelligent." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2161/document.
Full textPerception is a fundamental input for robotic systems, particularly for positioning, navigation and interaction with the environment. But the data perceived by these systems are often complex and subject to significant imprecision. To overcome these problems, the multi-sensor approach uses either multiple sensors of the same type to exploit their redundancy or sensors of different types for exploiting their complementarity to reduce the sensors inaccuracies and uncertainties. The validation of the data fusion approach raises two major problems. First, the behavior of fusion algorithms is difficult to predict, which makes them difficult to verify by formal approaches. In addition, the open environment of robotic systems generates a very large execution context, which makes the tests difficult and costly. The purpose of this work is to propose an alternative to validation by developing fault tolerance mechanisms : since it is difficult to eliminate all the errors of the perceptual system, We will try to limit impact in their operation. We studied the inherently fault tolerance allowed by data fusion by formally analyzing the data fusion algorithms, and we have proposed detection and recovery mechanisms suitable for multi-sensor perception, we implemented the proposed mechanisms on vehicle localization application using Kalman filltering data fusion. We evaluated the proposed mechanims using the real data replay and fault injection technique
Selloum, Ahmed. "Localisation multi-capteurs d'un véhicule routier sous contraintes cartographiques : mise en oeuvre d'un filtre particulaire et d'une modélisation multivoies de la route par des clothoïdes." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2085.
Full textIn the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems, many Advanced Driver Assistance Systems require reliable and precise location of the vehicle in real time on a digital map. The GPS technology, combined with a standard map, is generally satisfactory for conventional navigation systems, however, it suffers from serious problems when the application requires an accuracy at a road lane level with a confidence indicator associated. The thesis is based on three proposals that bring an innovative solution to the problem : 1) the use of a precise digital map describing all the lanes of the road as a series of clothoïds (spirals), 2) the choice of a discrete-continuous state vector that comprises directly the coordinates of the vehicle on the map, 3) the use of a particle filter that can handle multiple hypotheses, estimate the probabilities associated with each of them and apply easily cartographic constraints. From a practical standpoint, this assignment of the vehicle to a road lane on the map is important because the driving rules and some driver information are tied to the infrastructure at this level of detail. The implementation of this system was conducted in two steps. First, the location of the vehicle is done by a particle filter with space constraints defined by a precise map. The results obtained from simulation and real data show in detail the interests of the proposed method compared to a conventional system. In a second step, the use of the directional constraint of the road and of a vehicle evolution multi-model allows to remedy the possible effects of a bad gyro
Bernardes, Vitor Giovani. "Urban environment perception and navigation using robotic vision : conception and implementation applied to automous vehicle." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2155/document.
Full textThe development of autonomous vehicles capable of getting around on urban roads can provide important benefits in reducing accidents, in increasing life comfort and also in providing cost savings. Intelligent vehicles for example often base their decisions on observations obtained from various sensors such as LIDAR, GPS and Cameras. Actually, camera sensors have been receiving large attention due to they are cheap, easy to employ and provide rich data information. Inner-city environments represent an interesting but also very challenging scenario in this context,where the road layout may be very complex, the presence of objects such as trees, bicycles,cars might generate partial observations and also these observations are often noisy or even missing due to heavy occlusions. Thus, perception process by nature needs to be able to dea lwith uncertainties in the knowledge of the world around the car. While highway navigation and autonomous driving using a prior knowledge of the environment have been demonstrating successfully,understanding and navigating general inner-city scenarios with little prior knowledge remains an unsolved problem. In this thesis, this perception problem is analyzed for driving in the inner-city environments associated with the capacity to perform a safe displacement basedon decision-making process in autonomous navigation. It is designed a perception system that allows robotic-cars to drive autonomously on roads, with out the need to adapt the infrastructure,without requiring previous knowledge of the environment and considering the presenceof dynamic objects such as cars. It is proposed a novel method based on machine learning to extract the semantic context using a pair of stereo images, which is merged in an evidential grid to model the uncertainties of an unknown urban environment, applying the Dempster-Shafer theory. To make decisions in path-planning, it is applied the virtual tentacle approach to generate possible paths starting from ego-referenced car and based on it, two news strategies are proposed. First one, a new strategy to select the correct path to better avoid obstacles and tofollow the local task in the context of hybrid navigation, and second, a new closed loop control based on visual odometry and virtual tentacle is modeled to path-following execution. Finally, a complete automotive system integrating the perception, path-planning and control modules are implemented and experimentally validated in real situations using an experimental autonomous car, where the results show that the developed approach successfully performs a safe local navigation based on camera sensors
Jabbour, Maged. "Localisation de véhicules en milieu urbain à l'aide d'un lidar et d'une base de données navigable." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1713.
Full textThis thesis deals with 2D dynamic ego-localization of Intelligent Vehicles in urban areas by using, as main source of information, a GPS receiver hybridized with a lidar (laser range scanner), a digital database and proprioceptive sensors, in order to overcome the problem of poor satellite visibility in urban areas. Thanks to the mapping of road curves, the lidar allows localizing the vehicle with an accuracy that increases as the vehicle drives in the same areas. This procedure is implemented using a Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) formulation of the problem. Since, road databases contain location information that can be fused to improve localization. A multi hypothesis map-matching method for tracking the pose is proposed. It uses the map information as an observation in the localization process through a Gaussian mixture. Finally, we propose to use the road database as a backbone to manage natural landmarks storage coming from exteroceptive sensors. These landmarks, which are regrouped in local maps and linked to roads, constitute a dedicated geographic information layer that can be used for the autonomous navigation of intelligent vehicles. Experimental results show the performance of the different studied approaches
Al, Assaad Hiba. "Apport des modèles numériques d'élévation pour l'enrichissement des cartes de navigation par fusion multi-capteurs." Thesis, Littoral, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020DUNK0558.
Full textTe work presented in this thesis concerns the study of a multi-sensor fusion method for the estimation of 3-D localization and the attitude of a land vehicle. We have developed and validated, in a real situation, a centralized fusion method based on state modeling from GNSS/INS measurements delivered by the ublox EVK-M8U sensor. The measurement system is also completed by OSM digital road maps and elevation data from the ASTER/World 30 digital models. Some measurements are modeled by equations with strong non-linearities which we have chosen to process by particle filtering. The cartographic data are taken into account statistically from the metric of Mahalanobis. In addition, we have developed a new method for managing digital elevation models (DEM), known as the "Fenêtre Glissante Adjacente" (FGA) method, in order to limit the impact of the artifacts that are found in this data. During the DEM management step, we implemented geometric approaches (TIN, FGA) which make the altitude correction more robust and favors an increase in performance in estimating the inclination parameter of the segments of the digital road maps