Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Capteurs métalliques'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 49 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Capteurs métalliques.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Oudot, Evan. "Oxydes métalliques pour la passivation de l'interface Si / SiO2 des capteurs d'images CMOS." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT036/document.
Full textSince the late 2000s back-side-illuminated CMOS image sensors have taken precedence over traditional Front-Side Illuminated sensors. This technology has the advantage of simplifying the optical path to the photodiode and particularly increases the quantum efficiency. At the same time, like CMOS technologies, this change allows the reduction of the size of the pixels in the plane. However, this change causes the appearance of a new interface on the back side of the pixels. The presence of an additional interface implies a new source of dark current that must be reduced to the maximum to maintain high performance. This interface has to be passivated to minimize the generation of parasitic electrons. Two means exist, the chemical passivation which consists of reducing the density of defects at the interface and the field effect passivation which consist of introducing charges into the passivation layer. To do this, this thesis work is part of the development of a SiO2 / HfO2 or Al2O3 / Ta2O5 stack whose metal oxides are deposited by ALD and PEALD. The purpose of this work is to understand the origin and the nature of defects in metal oxides in order to improve the passivation properties of the stack. The nature of the layers used, the deposition parameters and the impact of the annealing are studied in detail from the COCOS measurement technique making it possible to extract the density of interface defects and the total charge of the stack. Other complementary physicochemical characterization techniques such as infrared measurements have been used to identify chemical changes in the stack
Girard-Desprolet, Romain. "Filtrage spectral plasmonique à base de nanostructures métalliques adaptées aux capteurs d'image CMOS." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT053/document.
Full textImage sensors have experienced a renewed interest with the prominent market growth of wireless communication, together with a diversification of functionalities. In particular, a recent application known as Ambient Light Sensing (ALS) has emerged for a smarter screen backlight management of display-based handheld devices. Technological progress has led to the fabrication of thinner handsets, which imposes a severe constraint on light sensors' heights. This thickness reduction can be achieved with the use of an innovative, thinnest and entirely on-chip spectral filter. In this work, we present the investigation and the demonstration of plasmonic filters aimed for commercial ALS products. The most-efficient filtering structures are identified with strong emphasis on the stability with respect to the light angle of incidence and polarization state. Integration schemes are proposed according to CMOS compatibility and wafer-scale fabrication concerns. Plasmon resonances are studied to reach optimal optical properties and a dedicated methodology was used to propose optimized ALS performance based on actual customers' specifications. The robustness of plasmonic filters to process dispersions is addressed through the identification and the simulation of typical 300 mm fabrication inaccuracies and defects. In the light of these studies, an experimental demonstration of ALS plasmonic filters is performed with the development of a wafer-level integration and with the characterization and performance evaluation of the fabricated structures to validate the plasmonic solution
Bahloul, Fadila. "Etude expérimentale de l'interaction sable - structure et comportement en extraction d'inclusions métalliques." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0067.
Full textThis study contributes to a better understanding of the local behaviour and the interaction between a inclusion and a cohesion less material. The physical phenomenon governing this interaction is the friction. A chapter on existing literature describes theoretical and practical aspects of the friction modelling and factors influencing the latter such as dilatancy. The laboratory tests are carried out in several models of different dimensions. - Plane friction tests with standard shear apparatus are used to define a friction angle sand/plate. Influence of the surface of contact is revealed. - Pull out tests of the corner iron of different dimensions are carried out in reduced model. Friction coefficient is defined and calculated. Several factors influencing the latter such as the nature, and method of placing the inclusion are examined. An analysis of the start of the pull out tests is done for tests realized in this model. Pressure cells have been positioned around the inclusion to study the dilatancy. - Pull out tests of cylindrical bar are carried out in another reduced model. The dilatancy is controlled this case by the vertical displacement variation. All results are compared to the ether models
Lê, Minh-Quang. "Conception et modélisation de capteurs électromagnetiques : application à la mesure simultanée des propriétés physiques et géométriques des pièces métalliques." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112279.
Full textJasmin, Jean-Philippe. "Élaboration de capteurs nanostructurés pour la détection de polluants métalliques à l'état de traces." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLE010/document.
Full textThis work focuses on screen-printed electrodes functionalization by electrografting of diazonium salts in order to be used as metallic micropollutants sensors. Two kind of functionalization were treated; the functionalization by organic groups selective of metal ions owing selective sensors and, the nanostructuration with gold nanoparticles to increase the analytical performances of the sensors. The first part of the work deals with the functionalization of screen-printed electrodes with macrocyclic ligands, chosen from a bibliographic study, for their respective affinities for Cu (II), Pb (II) and UO2 (VI). Covalent grafting of this macrocycles on screen-printed electrodes leads to potentially selective sensors. The analytical performances of these sensors as well as the influence of many interference species on the detection were studied.A second part handles with methods for the nanostructuration of screen-printed electrodes by covalent immobilization of naked or functionalized gold nanoparticles. Two types of gold nanoparticles, with different characteristics have been studied. The nature, the size and the surface state of the gold nanoparticles were found to be key parameters that influence on the nanostructuration of screen-printed electrodes and consequently on their electrochemical properties. The last part of this work concerns the development of a detection protocol for metallic micropollutants with the nanostructured and functionalized screen-printed. The analytical performances have been studied and compared with systems without nanoparticles in order to highlight the contribution of the gold nanoparticles on the performance of the electrodes
Degioanni, Simon. "Nanostructures métalliques et effets de composition des verres silicatés pour les capteurs à fibres optiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10101/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study composition variations of silicate glasses or the integration of metallic nanostructures that may be relevant for distributed fiber optic sensors (FOS). These sensors use optical fiber cores mainly composed of silica (SiO2) to probe temperature or strain on multi-kilometer route fibers. To measure these effects, Raman and Brillouin backscattering in optical fibers are used, Raman scattering being sensitive to temperature variations and Brillouin scattering to temperature and strain variations. Raman scattering intensity may be enhanced in conjunction with noble metal nanostructures via the SERS effect (Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering) which involves surface plasmon resonance (SPR), a collective oscillation of free electrons at the metal surface generating a large amplification of the local electric field. The integration of metallic nanostructures in optical fibers could increase Raman backscattering intensity and improve FOS performance (sensitivity, integration time…). A study on model samples has been performed with SERS substrates consisting of gold nanostructures and coated with a sol-gel oxide deposition (TiO2, SiO2). The obtained SERS results are used to predict the contribution of metallic nanostructures in Raman distributed temperature FOS
Haon, Cédric. "Etude des relations entre caractéristiques structurales et dissipation en vibration dans les verres métalliques massifs : application à des senseurs inertiels." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0076/these.pdf.
Full textThe aims of this work were to evaluate the damping of the mechanical energy in the bulk metallic glasses using the model alloy Pd40Ni10Cu30P20 and to analyze the damping mechanisms in the kilohertz frequencies range at ambient temperature for a mechanical resonator with simplified shape where the characteristic length is about 1 mm. In these practical conditions, energy dissipation is related to thermoelasticity. This phenomenon is due to the heat transfer in order to equilibrate local temperature changes generated by the elastic deformation during vibration. The study of amorphous metallic alloys as mechanical resonators involved manufacturing of specific parts ; this preliminary stage has been carried out by gravitational casting in an adapted mould followed by thermal treatments and machining / polishing. The quality factor, which is the characteristic parameter of the damping, has been measured from resonant experiments using the logarithmic decrement of the free vibrations for the disc-rod shaped pieces. The annealing around the glass transition temperature led to increase the quality factor from 0,3 million to 0,8 million. This improvement is not directly related to a physical transformation of the glass occurring during the thermal treatments : the structural relaxation, which has been characterized using different methods (DTA, dilatometry, mechanical spectroscopy). The modifications of the vibratory properties are attributed to the relaxation of residual stresses which are formed during the fast cooling essential to the glass formation. However, after aging, theoretical thermoelastic limit is not reached and the final damping mechanism is still to be identified
Dréan, Jérôme. "Mesures électromagnétiques en champ proche pour la caractérisation des materiaux non métalliques et des systèmes rayonnants." Rennes, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAR0011.
Full textThe recent growth in wireless communications has raised the need for developing new means of electromagnetic field measurements in the near field domain. Modulated Scattering Techniques (MST) are good candidates for such kind of measurements. We have first started by studying and developing an elementary dipole supplied through electrical wires for locally disturbing the electromagnetic field. We have created a retina and we have proposed and validated an acquisition procedure for measuring the field of the radiating elements in the near field domain with two systems. Finally, from this preliminary work, we have developed a pre-industrial system dedicated to the characterization of non metallic materials in the near field domain. We developed new measurement and calibration techniques for detecting defects in materials and continuously measuring their density distribution. Functional tests of this system have been performed with various materials. Currently, the system is really mature for industrial usage in the X band domain and may also be easily shifted to Ku and Ka band
Othman, Mehdi. "Effet des nanograins métalliques sur les propriétés de détection des capteurs de gaz à base de WO3." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4360.
Full textThis work focuses on improving the performance of WO3-based gas sensors with particular attention to the effect of metal additives on device sensing properties. The goal is to assess and improve the performance of sensors under different oxidizing and reducing gases. Two approaches have been taken: a theoretical approach which consists in the modeling of gas sensor resistance and an experimental approach which consists in modifying the surface of the sensitive layers by metal nanograins. The developed model allowed us to highlight the various intrinsic and structural parameters of the sensitive layer, in which it is possible to act to improve the performance of the sensors. The second approach is to add metallic nanograins. This method shows high efficiency on the sensor performance. Indeed, the results obtained with the gold nanoparticles show improved response, response and recovery times, and the time stabilization under ozone. It is the same for the additions of silver and palladium nanoparticles, even if the results are different. In the case of adding cobalt nanoparticles, a singular phenomenon is manifested by the sensor responses inversion in some cases. This property can be exploited for the selective detection of different gases, with the same sensitive layer modified by the addition of very small quantities of material
Menini, Philippe. "Du capteur de gaz à oxydes métalliques vers les nez électroniques sans fil." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697471.
Full textMatei, Ghimbeu Camelia. "Elaboration et caractérisation de couches mince d'oxydes métalliques pour la détection de gaz polluants atmosphériques." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ050S/document.
Full textThe demand of simple, small, low cost and performing gas sensors for the detection of pollutant gases is of great interest taking into consideration the health and environmental problems. For this purpose we decided to develop thin films of metal oxide semiconductors which present a good affinity to many pollutant gases, but, which, however present a problem of cross-sensitivity and, additionally, which must work at elevated temperatures. These thin films (SnO2, Cu-doped SnO2, WO3, In2O3, Sn-doped In2O3 and ZnO) have been deposited on Pt- partially coated alumina using a novel innovative technique, i.e., Electrostatic Spray Deposition allowing easy deposition parameter (temperature, flow rate, time etc.) variation. Homogeneous, nano-structured films with desired porous morphology have been obtained as revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy techniques. The microstructure studied using Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis, X-ray Diffraction respectively Raman spectroscopy methods showed that we have successfully obtained the desired crystallinity and a good purity of the films for gas sensor use. The sensing performance of the films to different oxidizing and reducing pollutant gases (H2S, SO2 and NO2) has been yet evaluated. From all the studied films, the 1% Cu-doped SnO2 ones proves to be the most sensitive for the detection of H2S at low operating temperatures and furthermore present no cross-sensitivity for the two other gases. WO3 films presents the highest sensitivity to NO2 at 150°C compared with all the other composition films, but unfortunately the NO2 response interferes with the H2S response. To avoid this ambiguity, we can use ZnO films, which present a very high sensitivity to NO2 compared to SO2 and H2S response. Additionally, all the films were almost insensitive to SO2. On the base of these results we can propose the conception of a competitive miniaturized sensor array dedicated to detect and to quantify a H2S/NO2 mixture
Jacob, Dominique R. "Principe de la mesure simultanée de distance et d'épaisseur de dépôts métalliques par capteur à courants de Foucault : conception et réalisation d'un dispositif." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112148.
Full textThis thesis presents the design of a system, using an eddy current sensor, for measuring the thickness of metallic deposits on metallic sheets. The sensor, allows the thickness measurement without an accurate position of sensor and the sheet. A model which take account of the distribution of the flux in the space and of the physical properties (resistivity, permeability) of the materials has been developed. This model has been experimentally validated. It allows to take account of the temperature and to calculate the dimensions of the sensor. An application concerning the thickness measurement of zinc deposit on a steel sheet is exposed. The informations of the sensor are digitalised and processed by a microcomputer for calculating simultaneously the distance, between the sensor and the covered sheet, and the thickness of the deposit
Gomri, Sami. "Spectroscopie du bruit électronique dans les microcapteurs de gaz : étude théorique et expérimentale." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX11047.
Full textLemire, Céline. "Elaboration et caractérisation de films minces de WO3 en vue de leur application comme capteurs de gaz." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30050.
Full textControlling of the ambient air in our environment is a demanding task of the present time. We assist to an evolution of the detection methods to miniaturized devices where the semiconductor metal oxides based sensors like WO3 seem to be the most promising materials. It's in the aim to use tungsten trioxide thin film as sensitive material that this work was done. The conditions of preparation and the substrate were chosen and studied taking into account the technologic application of integrate systems. WO3 thin films prepared in the laboratory by r. F magnetron reactive sputtering were characterized by various surface analysis techniques : AFM, XPS, AES, HEELS, RHEED in order to investigate the influence of the conditions of preparation on their properties. In particular, we have shown the necessity to annealed the oxide films after deposition to stabilize their crystallographic structure and their chemical composition. Simultaneously, we have studied the influence of the O2/Ar ratio during the deposition on the films morphology. We have shown that the grain size increases when the O2 proportion decreases. .
Chauvin, Adrien. "Couches minces et nanofils métalliques nanoporeux : de la synthèse aux applications comme capteurs à effet SERS ou conducteur flexible transparent." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4042/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to study the dealloying process of metal alloy thin films and nanowires deposited by magnetron sputtering which is a versatile process allowing growing alloys with a large panel of morphologies. We explore the influence of the deposition parameters on the morphology of the alloy films and nanowires and how in turn they impact the dealloying process. We further demonstrate that it is possible to create nanoporous lamellar films by selective etching in nitric acid of multilayered thin films consisting of stacks of gold/copper nanolayers. Furthermore, we show how by combining the deposition of gold-copper alloy by magnetron sputtering on “template” substrate and electrochemical dealloying one can create planar arrays of nanoporous gold nanowires with a tunable morphology. In term of application, the various nanoporous structures developed so far in this work are then used for the development of SERS-based sensors for the detection of small molecules. We obtain a detection limit at picomolar level (between 10-12 and 10-14 mol.L-1) with bipyridine as probe molecule using the nanoporous lamellar films. Moreover, we demonstrate a novel process based on applying dealloying using acidic vapors allowing fabricating highly flexible and transparent gold nanomesh electrodes suitable for flexible electronics. The obtained gold nanomesh electrodes may exhibit a resistivity as low as 44 Ω/□ and a transmittance of 79 % with a slight increase in resistance of less than 8 % after 10 000 bending cycles at 1 %
Baklouti, Linda. "Capteurs à base d'assemblages discontinus organisés pour la détection spécifique de gaz." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT198/document.
Full textGas sensing and monitoring are important issues for both industrial safety and protection of the environment and human beings. Dihydrogen, is increasingly used as fuel and energy carrier but it is extremely flammable and explosive in a wide range between 4 and 75% in air.Similarly, ammonia is widely used in industry as a cooling gas or as a reagent for the chemical production of other compounds.This gas presents risks to the environment and to living beings and can form explosive mixtures with air within 15 to 28% by volume.Gas sensors, indicating the presence and /or quantification of these gases, are very important.In continuation of our work on resistive sensors based on discontinuous assembly of nano-objects, the aim of this thesis was to prepare resistive sensors for the detection of H2 and NH3.These sensors are based on 2D assemblies of complex compositions of nanoparticles. Three types of core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized: Au@ZnO, Au@SnO2 and Au@Ag. Different physicochemical techniques (UV-Visible / TEM / DRX etc.) were used to characterize the particles. The next step was to assemble them in compact monolayers. The films were obtained by Langmuir-Blodgett assembling technique. Then, they were transferred to the surface of a glass slide supporting interdigitated electrodes. Sensing performances of the as-fabricated resistive sensor were evaluated.Sensors based on Au@ZnO and Au@SnO2 nanoparticles were tested towards H2, while Au@Ag based sensors were tested under NH3.The sensors showed attractive performances in H2 and NH3 detection within wide concentration ranges. Another important contribution of this work is the understanding of detection mechanisms. Various analytical techniques such as TPD (Temperature Programmed Desorption) and TPR (temperature programmed reduction) were used for the discussion of the mechanisms involved
Legros, Philippe. "Utilisation de nanoparticules plasmoniques pour la détection de biomolécules et l'étude des fluctuations ioniques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28373.
Full textDue to their relatively small size, nanomaterials display properties different from bulk material. The collective oscillation of conduction electrons, called plasmon, is observed when a metallic nanoparticle (e.g. Ag, Au, In, Cu) is irradiated at a specific wavelength. In this research project, two sensors based on plasmonic properties have been developed and characterized. The first one aims to detect immunocomplexes, while the other one aims at detecting subtle chemical variations. The first sensor will use plasmonics to detect refractive index variations. Specific recognition of an antigen by its corresponding antibody induces a local refractive index and thus affects the plasmon’s frequency, which is measured using spectrophotometry. Throughout this project, a lamellar substrate supporting silver nanocubes coated with a thin film of polydopamine has been prepared for the rapid detection of immunocomplexes. Properties such as repeatability, selectivity, and sensitivity have also been studied. Due to its sensitivity and speed of measurement, this type of substrate could become an interesting tool to fight meat fraud. In addition to being able to detect the surrounding environment, plasmonic nanoparticles can increase the intrinsic fluorescence of a fluorophore positioned nearby, which increases the intensity of the analytical signal and improves the fluorophore’s photostability. The second part of the project will focus on the conception of a fiber optic probe supporting fluorescent nanoparticles in order to detect small chemical variations in synaptic networks. For this purpose, an ionosensitive plasmonic nanoarchitecture has been developed and grafted to the end of a fiber optic. Finally, a proof of concept was done to show the efficiency and applicability of these fibered sensors.
Khanafer, Maher. "Nanostructures métalliques organisées par auto-assemblage de polymère pour la détection d’espèces chimiques." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0003/document.
Full textThe recent advances in nanofabrication techniques have allowed for the emergence of novel sensing approaches. Amongst these various approaches, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) via the use of plasmonic substrates has received wide-spread attention due to its many interesting proper-ties. In fact, plasmonic substrates enhance the Ra-man signal up to 12 orders of magnitude, paving the path for single molecule detection. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of this technique is strongly affected by the physical and structural properties of the metallic nanoparticles (MNPs). Thus, the mastering of the MNPs fabrication is a major challenge for various nanotechnological applications.In this context, we have developed a novel approach for the fabrication of organized NMPs through poly-mer self-assembly. The fabrication technique con-sists on controlling the physical interactions which occur during the fabrication through a nanophase separation in the polymer solution. This results in a nanostructuring of the polymer and a strong self-organization of the metallic precursor which is rapidly reduced into the MNPs. Experimental investigations of the different physical and chemical processes in play allow for a better understanding of the various keystone parameters of the nanostructuring as well as for determining their influences on the dimensions and optical response of MNPs. Finally, the fabricated plasmonic substrate demonstrated SERS limits of detection down to 10-13 M
Achour, Bilel. "Capteurs à ondes acoustiques de surface fonctionnant à 104 et 208 MHz. : modélisation, développement et application à la détection d’ions lourds métalliques." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LEMA1017.
Full textSurface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensors have many advantages mainly a high sensitivity, which is a key parameter in various applications. Two strategies were explored, in this thesis, to enhance the sensitivity of SAW devices: switching to Love mode, with a waveguide layer in SU-8 epoxy resin, and frequency increase from 104 to 208 MHz. Prior to the realization of such devices in a clean room and their further use as chemical sensors, numerical simulations were done, first with MATLAB software, and then with the finite element method, via COMSOL Multiphysics software. The optimum thickness of the waveguide layer, allowing a significant gain in sensitivity, was estimated. A disagreement between experience and simulation was found highlighting the need to continue optimization steps. A confrontation between calculations / experiments was carried out for the SH-SAW structures. These devices were functionalized with an anthracene derivate for zinc ions detection in aqueous media. Gravimetric results indicate that increasing the operating frequency from 104 MHz to 208 MHz permits a gain in sensitivity by a factor of 2.3
Pally, David. "Fonctionnalisation électrochimique de matériaux carbonés : application à la détection de micropolluants métalliques : nickel et plomb." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2089/document.
Full textThis work is focused on the elaboration of electrochemical sensors for Ni(II) and Pb(II) micropollutants detection, targeted by the Water Framework Directive (WFD 2000/60/CE). Currently, water supervision is carried out by sampling and analytical equipments, however these methods are too long and too expensive, the very low concentration limits imposed by laws, needed to be reached using other kind of equipments such as electrochemical sensors. The sensitivity and selectivity of these sensors can be improved by the choice of the electrode materials and their surface functionalization. The aim of these sensors is to make possible the water quality analysis on site, continuously or semi-continuously. The selectivity was reached by grafting diazonium salts composed of benzamide oxime functions, complexing Ni(II). The electro-activity area and the oxidation mechanisms of this molecule were investigated. It is to be underlined that the electrochemical behavior of this molecule has never been studied in the litterature. The grafted electrodes were used for the electrochemical detection, and they turned out to be selective for Ni(II) detection in the presence of both Pb(II) and Cu(II). To improve the sensitivity of these sensors, the mobility of the complexing function is important. This study shows the possibility to graft aliphatic and aromatic amines via oxidation reactions in aqueous media. These electrodes revealed better analytical performances for the sensors grafted by aliphatic amines through the mobility of the carbon chains complexing metallic cations. Finally, the influence of the different allotropic kind of carbons, used as screen printing electrodes, were compared. These electrodes, functionalized with diazonium salts and used for the detection of the Pb (II) showed that some carbonaceous materials such as carbon nanotubes, improve the electro-catalytic properties of the sensors
Butet, Jérémy. "Diffusion de second harmonique par les nanoparticules métalliques à symétrie sphérique." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10115/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of the second harmonic scattering from spherical metallicnanoparticles. The optical properties of noble metal nanoparticles are known to be dominated bythe localized surface plasmon resonances which increase the second harmonic intensity. From afundamental point of view, the octupolar emission mode is revealed for the first time bycomparison between experiments and theory. The origin of the second harmonic generation(SHG) in metallic nanoparticles is discussed showing that bulk contributions are needed. It wasshown that Fano profiles can be observed in a very simple configuration. Practical applicationsare also addressed demonstrating that the properties of SHG increase the plasmonic sensorperformances. The second harmonic generation form single gold nanoparticles embedded in ahomogeneous medium is also reported for the first time paving the way toward a betterunderstanding of the morphology impact on the nonlinear response of metallic nanoparticles
Guessous, Ai͏̈cha. "Microgénérateurs et microcapteurs chimiques à base de verres conducteurs." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20125.
Full textMoreau, Hélène. "Etude du couplage électromagnétique entre calottes sphériques métalliques. Application à la calibration de radars imageurs." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30201.
Full textGuillot, Nicolas. "Propriétés optiques de nanoparticules métalliques et application aux nanocapteurs par exaltation de surface." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844312.
Full textBen, Jrad Amani. "Nouvelles sondes électrochimiques pour le marquage de biocapteurs d'affinité." Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0038.
Full textNowadays, drug residues present a new threat as pllutant of water resources. In 2015, two estrogenic hormones: estradiol and ethinyl estradiol, were mentioned on the watch list established in support of European environmental legislation (Water Framework Directive), which aims to protect the water quality. In this context, we have developed a redox-labeled electrochemical aptasensor for the detection of these pharmaceutical substances in water. These sensors are based on the use of an estradiol-specific aptamer as a recognition element and electroactive metal complexes as redox probes. These complexes are formed by a tetradentate ligand (N2O2) of Salen / Salan type linked to a maleimide functional group. This maleimide moiety was essential for the attachment of redox-complex to the aptamer previously modified with a thiol group. Copper and oxovanadium complexes have been synthesized and characterized showing interesting electrochemical properties. The labeling of the aptamer by these complexes highlighted the instability of the salen ligand compared to its reduced derivative, the salan ligand. The design of the aptasensor was achieved by immobilizing the oxavanadium salan-labeled aptamer on a screen-printed carbon electrode. The results of estradiol detection showed that the sensor behaves as an ON / OFF system and that the output signal is corrolated to the concentration of the target in the sample. This new type of aptamer labeling, developed in this thesis, offers an alternative to con. The labelling method developed in this thesis offers an alternative to classical techniques and opens new perspectives for the development of new affinity sensors
Gautier, Corinne. "Contribution au développement de détecteurs photovoltai͏̈ques à base de séléniure de plomb par EJM." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20115.
Full textCali, Christophe. "Capteurs chimiques à base de verres chalcogénures destinés à la détection des ions cuivre et sulfures. Etude des mécanismes à l'interface et mesures "in situ" dans les eaux naturelles." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20058.
Full textMontméat, Pierre. "Rôle d'éléments métalliques sur les mécanismes de détection d'un capteur de gaz à base de dioxyde d'étain. Application à l'amélioration de la sélectivité à l'aide d'une membrane de platine." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00125693.
Full textLe dépôt d'un film mince de platine sur une couche épaisse de 20 μm de dioxyde d'étain a permis d'améliorer la sélectivité du dispositif au CH4 en présence de C2H5OH et de CO. En revanche, lorsqu'il a été déposé à la surface d'une couche mince de 70 nm de dioxyde d'étain, le film mince de platine n'a pas rendu possible l'amélioration de la sélectivité du matériau sensible.
Par la suite, notre démarche a consisté à évaluer les propriétés physico-chimiques de chaque constituant du dispositif à savoir le dioxyde d'étain, le métal ou l'association des deux. Pour cela, nous avons fait appel à différentes techniques couramment utilisées pour la caractérisation des interactions gaz – solide telles que la catalyse, la calorimétrie ou la mesure électrique. Des effets de synergie entre le métal et l'oxyde vis-à-vis de l'adsorption et des effets électriques de l'oxygène gazeux ont pu être mis en évidence. Ces résultats ont été exploités pour proposer un mécanisme permettant d'expliciter les phénomènes électriques qui interviennent lors de la chimisorption d'oxygène à la surface d'un système regroupant le dioxyde d'étain et un métal. Ce modèle a été confronté aux résultats expérimentaux relatifs à l'influence de l'épaisseur du dioxyde d'étain sur les réponses électriques sous gaz réducteur des capteurs de gaz.
Coubes, Christine. "Maitrise simultanée de la perméabilité magnétique et de la conductivité électrique des pièces métalliques (cibles et circuit magnétique) utilisées pour application dans le domaine des capteurs électromagnétiques de position." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0073.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is to bring to the fore the influence of the magnetic permeability and the electrical conductivity of the different metallic components of an electromagnetic position sensor (targets, magnetic core, protective casing) on its response. In order to act separately on these two parameters (μ and σ), a new type of target bas been introduced: « the multilayer target ». Such a target is composed of a magnetic core covered by an amagnetic conductive casing. The influence of the magnetic permeability and the electrical conductivity of a multilayer target on the response of a proximity sensor bas been studied by numerical calculation, using the Maxwell software applied to 3D geometries with an axis of revolution. The results have been compared to those obtained for the same sensor, but working with a classical target (homogeneous). The study has been carried out by stages, considering different systems with an increasing complexity: the « coil / target » system, the « coil 1 target 1 magnetic core » system, than the «sensor with metallic protective casing » system. The results obtained by numerical calculation have been confirmed by experimental means. The variation in the ratio L/Linf as a function of the distance Dcc between the sensor and the target is strongly non-linear, and can be described by a « Weibull »-like equation: L/Linf= d+a*exp(b*Dcc^c)
Kayser, Patrick. "Etude des conditions d'élaboration d'antimoniures polyalcalins : Matériaux pour la photoémission : étude de l'action d'espèces gazeuses sur des couches métalliques et d'oxydes semi-conducteurs : Matériaux pour capteurs de sodium et de phosphine." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10627.
Full textJérisian, Robert. "Comportement de frittés et de films d'oxyde de titane en présence de mélanges gazeux CO-CO2-O2-Ar hors équilibre thermodynamique : mise au point de capteurs résistifs pour la régulation de combustions." Tours, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOUR4003.
Full textMalinowski, Grégory. "Transport dépendant du spin et couplage d'échange : de la jonction tunnel au capteur magnétique intégré." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008797.
Full textOdziomek, Mateusz Janusz. "Colloidal Synthesis and Controlled 2D/3D Assemblies of Oxide Nanoparticles." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN092/document.
Full textNanotechnology has become a key domain of technology in XXI century. The great development of the synthetic approaches toward nanoparticles (NPs) with desired composition, size and shape expose the potential of their use as building blocks for larger scale structures. It allows fabrication of functional materials and devices directly from colloids by bottom-up approach, thus involving possibility of material design over several length scales. The process is referred to NPs assembly or self-assembly and leads to materials with varying architectures as for instance 1D (rods), 2D (films) or 3D (superlattices or gels). However most of 3D assemblies are limited to the micrometric scale and are difficult to control. Practically the only route allowing preparation of macroscopic 3D structures from NPs is their gelation and preparation of aerogels. As an alternative, NPs can be embedded in some matrix creating bulk composite material, with homogenously distributed non-aggregated NPs.Therefore, this work is devoted to development of materials with different dimensionalities for various applications from metal oxides NPs (mainly Y3Al5O12:Ce and Li4Ti5O12). The first part describes the syntheses of YAG:Ce and LTO NPs by glycothermal approach. In the case of YAG:Ce, the reactions conditions were appropriately adjusted in order to obtain non-aggregated nanocrystals (NCs) of few nanometers. The colloidal solution containing such NCs with different concentration was used for fabrication of thin films with controllable thickness by spin-coating method. Contrary, the synthesis of LTO led to aggregated NPs with hierarchical structuration which was highly beneficial for Li-ion batteries. The large surface area and porosity ensured efficient exchange of Li ions between electrolyte and anode material. Furthermore, the YAG:Ce NCs were used for preparation of macroscopic monoliths with high porosity and transparency. For that reason, colloidal solution of NCs was gelled by the abrupt change of solvent dielectric constant. The gels were further supercritically dried yielding YAG:Ce NPs-based aerogels with high porosity and transparency. The same approach turned o be appropriate for other systems like GdF3 or hybrid aerogels of YAG:Ce and GdF3.Alternatively, YAG:Ce NPs were incorporated into silica aerogels forming robust macroscopic and highly transparent aerogels exhibiting properties of incorporated NPs. They served for novel type of sensors for low-energy ionizing radiation in liquids and gases. Their high porosity assured well-developed contact between radioactive emitter and the scintillator ensuring good harvesting of radioactive energy
Berthelot-Richer, Renaud. "Réduction des vibrations d’un capteur électromagnétique héliporté." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7725.
Full textSantander, Eduardo. "Étude et modélisation de capteurs inductifs industriels pour la mesure de déplacement à travers la paroi d'une enceinte métallique étanche." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066313.
Full textCarignan, Jean. "Étude de faisabilité d'un capteur inductif pour la mesure de température de surface des objets métalliques." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1998. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4748/1/000642387.pdf.
Full textYoboue, N'Goran Pamela Marie Josephe. "Etude technologique pour l'amélioration des performances d'un capteur à gaz à oxyde métallique : développement d'une plateforme chauffante et intégration de couche sensible nanostructurée." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/911/.
Full textIn recent years, the development of metal oxides gas sensors has experienced a considerable growth because of an interest more and more important in the protection of environment and people safety. Thanks to technological advances in microelectronics that promote better performances, low costs in terms of consumption and production, these sensors can be used for monitoring air quality in many fields such as transport, industry or housing environment. It is clear that metal oxide sensors sold today present mixed performances. Indeed, despite an interesting sensitivity with a detection threshold around the ppm, those sensors also have low selectivity and great instability, which limit their use to simple detectors. For that matter, these imperfections are the motor of many researches including development of new sensing materials but also new transducers. The goal of this thesis is to prove that it is possible to improve the performances of those metal oxide gas sensors especially on aspects of consumption (<80mW) with a remarkable mechanical stability and electrothermal stability up to 600°C. For that, our work consisted firstly to redefine a new design and then to optimize technological process to develop high-temperature microhotplate. Then we worked on the optimization of ink jet process as a new technological way to integrate nanoparticular sensitive materials; a way much more reproducibly than current deposition techniques. The first tests were conducted with ZnO nanoparticles and have shown promising results especially for flexible integration of various sensing materials for new multisensors
Dolay, Aurélien. "Développement et caractérisations de fibres piézoélectriques à âme métallique pour applications aéronautiques." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00991950.
Full textYoboue, N'Goran Pamela. "Etude technologique pour l'amélioration des performances d'un capteur de gaz à oxyde métallique: développement d'une plateforme chauffante haute température et intégration de couche sensible nanostructurée." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00509149.
Full textDolay, Aurélien. "Développement et caractérisations de fibres piezoélectriques à âme métallique pour applications aéronautiques." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01010881.
Full textKhachane, Manar. "Etude des matériaux ferroélectriques (céramiques et couches minces à base de niobates alcalino-terreux) et multicouches ferroélectriques-catalytiques pour capteur gaz." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00287332.
Full textSendi, Aymen. "Nez électronique communicant pour le contrôle de la qualité de l'air intérieur." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30245.
Full textMeasuring indoor air quality is a relatively recent need. Humans spend more than 90% of their time in a closed environment that contains several gaseous pollutants. The existence of such gaseous contaminants in the indoor air as well as short or long term exposure to these pollutants can causes many respiratory problems and several chronic diseases. Studies show that the indoor air quality has an impact on well-being and productivity. VOCs (volatile organic compounds) such as acetaldehyde and formaldehyde are strongly presented in indoor air. This type of pollutants come from materials used in interior design (computer equipment, furniture, paints, fabrics, floors, etc.). We can also found in close envirements many others contaminants such as CO2, CO, and NO2 which come from urban pollution, intensive use of location and poor ventilation. Offices, meeting rooms, classrooms and practical work rooms in universities and / or schools are therefore potentially polluted. In a densely occupied and poorly ventilated room, the measurement of the VOC/CO2 rate may exceed the regulatory thresholds. These gaseous pollutants in the air in high concentrations, due to lack of sufficient ventilation and air quality control, can cause drowsiness and decreased productivity. Measuring and monitoring indoor air quality is therefore essential to ensure a better quality life in workspaces. This thesis is being carried out within the framework of the neOCampus GIS (scientific interest group), led by Paul Sabatier University and dedicated to the development of an innovative, connected and sustainable campus for a better quality life for users. We are interested by the development of micro-gas sensors MOS (metal oxide sensors) and the indoor air quality monitoring in offices, classrooms and meeting rooms. The objective of this study is to control these pollution levels in order to correct them through measures to ventilate the premises. Making a decision about how to correct air quality is an essential step in the process. For example: regulating ventilation in a room if the authorized threshold is exceeded for the identified pollutants. As part of this work, we produced prototypes of miniaturized multi-gas sensors integrated with their electronic card in a witness room and capable of detecting levels of indoor air pollution. These prototypes include a multi-sensor cell (with 4 independent cells), proximity electronics allowing the control and recovery of data from these cells, an IOT (internet of things) type communication module based on the LoRA protocol allowing send to the "Cloud NeoCampus", remotely and wirelessly, an indoor air quality status signal. This multi-sensor is based on semiconductor sensors based on nanostructured metal oxides synthesized at the LCC (coordination chemistry laboratory). [...]
Gayet, Jean-Charles. "Mise au point d'une électrode et d'une optrode enzymatique pour la détection de métaux lourds : application au dosage d'ions mercuriques par un capteur à pyruvate oxydase immobilisée." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD468.
Full textRoosz, Nicolas. "Elaboration de particules composites silice-polyaniline en vue d'applications environnementales." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD083/document.
Full textOrganic/inorganic hybrid materials have received much attention in recent years such as in the field of nano-materials. Indeed, these materials possess unique physical and chemical properties due to the synergistic effect of both components. In particular, silica nanoparticles (SiO2) present interesting properties, such as good chemical and thermal stabilities. They can be prepared in different size and can be easily chemically modified. Intrinsically conducting polymers such as polythiophene and polyaniline (PANI) can exist in different oxidation states and respond to external stimuli by changing one of their characteristics (color, conductivity, …). PANI is a non-toxic, thermally stable and low cost polymer with relatively high conductivity that has been used as antistatic coating, electrode materials, corrosion inhibitor and active layer of sensors. Since the discovery of conducting polymer in 1977, several works have been carried out on the preparation, characterization and applications of polymeric films build on various surfaces like silica. Among the different kinds of composites that exist, inorganic-polymer core-shell nanoparticles are more promising candidates. In this study, we decided to work on the synthesis of core@shell hybrid compounds based on PANI shells and silica nanoparticles cores.In the literature, using similar experimental protocols, two morphologies have been obtained after chemical polymerization of aniline in the presence of silica particles: core@shell and raspberry (inverted structure with PANI as core). We thus decided to reinvestigate the synthesis of PANI in the presence of silica particles. For this, we first synthesized silica particles with different sizes by Stöber process. We then performed the chemical polymerization of aniline in the presence of these naked silica particles under different conditions: temperature, concentration of reactive. However, in all cases, we never managed to obtain core@shell structures. Finally, we succeed in developing a method to prepare these core@shell particles which relies on the functionalization of the SiO2 by alkoxysilanes followed by the polymerization of aniline at room temperature. A series of core-shell particles with tunable PANI thickness has been prepared by this method. The last part of this work deals with the first tests that have been carried out in order to use these composites SiO2@PANi for environmental applications. Two applications have been considered, the adsorption of metals for the particle appearance and the detection of gas for the conductive capacities of the PANI
Favard, Alexandre. "Multicapteurs intégrés pour la détection des BTEX." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0123/document.
Full textOutdoor air quality is subjected to the law LAURE since 1996. In 2008, the european directive 2008/50/EC introduced measurement requirements and thresholds that should not be exceeded for certain pollutants on a european scale. According to several toxicological and epidemiological studies, air pollution causes respiratory failure, asthma, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. In Europe, air pollution is responsible for more than 300 000 early deaths a year.Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particularly benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX compounds) are proven pollutants and play a major role in the degradation of indoor and outdoor air quality. This thesis is dedicated to the development of a metal oxide based multi-gas sensor for the detection of traces of BTEX within the framework of the SMARTY project (SMart AiR qualiTY). A complete electrical characterization system was designed and implemented for the detection of sub-ppm concentrations of BTEX.Based on the state-of-art, several materials were selected (WO3, ZnO, SnO2). The electrical characterizations of the selected sensitive layers were carried out under dry air and under different humidity levels in the presence of BTEX and interfering gases (NO2, CO2). Tungsten oxide (WO3) exhibits the best performance in the presence of moisture and is chosen for the technology transfer that accompanies the new patented AMU transducers. The WO3-based multi-sensor has a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 1 ppb at 50% relative humidity and effectively detects and quantifies BTEX
Goncalves, Guillaume. "Intégration d’une fonction de discrimination intelligente du type d’appui sur une dalle tactile résistive multipoints." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14355/document.
Full textThis work comes from close collaboration between IMS laboratory (University of Bordeaux 1, CNRS) and STANTUM. This thesis is focused on tactile interface integrated on display. Recently multitouch systems became compatible for consumer electronic market which led to incoming devices such as GPS, Smartphones and tablet PC. However troubles still remained. Performing the discrimination between finger, palm and stylus was still an insuperable technology step to provide natural handwriting input on a display. After reminding a brief historic and the interest as human to machine interface, the first chapter presents the dominating touch screen technologies at the moment and the iVSM STANTUM technology. Touch screen structure and fabrication processes are approached, including industrial step as laser patterning or stencil printing. Then a theoretical model is detailed to explain the iVSM scanning engine and the inherent phenomena. These latter can occur when user is writing on the display with stylus in certain configurations. Two approaches are discussed in the third chapter in order to cut off or at least decrease those phenomena amplitude: the resistive layer and the embedded matrix diodes. The last chapter is dedicated to experimental results. Firstly, several processes, as doctor-blade and physical vapor deposition, are explained. Characterization is performed in using quality factors, to specifically evaluate inherent phenomena decreasing. Hardness, roughness and surface morphology are also discussed in this chapter. The second part is focused on embedded matrix diodes using thin film technologies (tunnel junction, organic diode and a-Si PN junction)
Devita, Marie. "Mesure et dangerosité des métaux nobles pour les photodétecteurs à avalanche à photon unique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD029/document.
Full textNoble metals (Au, Ag, Pt, Ir, Pd and Ru) are used for the fabrication of microelectronics devices or can be brought by manufacturing tools (alloy components for example). It is well known that these impurities are detrimental to the efficiency of the devices. This implies a real and present need for control of their introduction in clean rooms to diagnose as soon as possible a contamination. Yet, there are no industrial technique for their follow-up at levels about 5.109 at.cm-2 - ITRS recommendations. The relevance of these recommendations according to the electronic device (SPAD in particular) could be questioned. At first, this study consisted in developing a physicochemical technique for the analysis of noble metals on Si wafers by VPD-DC-ICPMS. Then, their dangerousness towards tools and devices was established according to their behavior in temperature and the DCR generated on SPAD devices
Leray, Isabelle. "Diffusion de molécules aromatiques dans les couches minces de polymères contenant des porphyrines : application à la détection de composés organiques volatils." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DENS0020.
Full textBourque, Alex N. "Photophysical Investigations of Thiophene Azomethine Derivatives." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3565.
Full textA series of sterically hindered thiophene-aniline azomethine dyads were prepared. The decay pathways that deactivate the singlet excited state were studied using UV-vis fluorescence and phosphorescence, laser flash photolysis and quantum calculations. Stern-Volmer relationships, derived from singlet and triplet state quenching experiments, showed that azomethines efficiently deactivate the singlet and triplet excited states of fluorophores with bimolecular kinetics. AM1 Semi-empirical quantum calculations examining the effect of bulky substituents on the bond rotational barriers demonstrate that bulky tert-butyl groups attached to the aniline moiety have less influence on the N-aryl bond rotation barrier than alkyl substitutions do on the thiophene-CH bond rotation barrier. Rehm-Weller calculations based on electrochemical potentials demonstrate that azomethines self-quench their excited states via fast and efficient intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer leading to complete fluorescence suppression. Metal complexes containing an azomethine ligand were also prepared. The ligand contains a hydroxyquinoline moiety linked with a thiophene ring. Photophysical investigations of the resulting metal complexes demonstrated significant bathochromic shifts in the absorbance and fluorescence spectra. Metal-ion sensing devices for water solutions were prepared by spin casting the ligand onto glass slides. The metal-ion sensor detected copper in water solutions through a bathochromic shift in the absorbance maximum.