Academic literature on the topic 'Captivity, 1982'
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Journal articles on the topic "Captivity, 1982"
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Lipiński, Marek R. "Laboratory Survival of Alloteuthis Subulata (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) from the Plymouth Area." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 65, no. 4 (November 1985): 845–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400019354.
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INTRODUCTIONWild-caught squids have seldom survived for very long in laboratory aquaria. Tardent (1962) maintained Loligo vulgaris Lamarck, 1789 for a maximum of 60 days. Choe & Oshima (1963), Choe (1966) and LaRoe (1971) reared squids of the genus Sepioteuthis from eggs to adult size. Between 1975 and 1982 several successful attempts to maintain Loliginidae (e.g. Matsumoto, 1976; Hanlon, Hixon & Hulet, 1978, 1983; Yang et al. 1980, 1983) and Ommastrephidae (Flores et al. 1976; Flores, Igarashi & Mikami, 1977; O'Dor, Durward & Balch, 1977) were made. But to date only ten squid species have been maintained for more than forty days (review: Yang et al. 1980; Boletzky & Hanlon, 1983). Loligo opalescens Berry, 1911 holds the record for longevity in captivity at 233 days from egg to adult (Yang et al., 1983).
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Gardner, J. L., and M. Serena. "Observations on Activity Patterns, Population and Den Characteristics of The Water Rat Hydromys chrysogaster Along Badger Creek, Victoria." Australian Mammalogy 18, no. 1 (1995): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am95071.
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The Water Rat Hydromys chrysogaster is Australia's largest amphibious rodent, occupying freshwater rivers, lakes, and coastal and estuarine habitats throughout the continent (Watts and Aslin 1981). Little is known of the species' social organisation or use of space in the wild although Harris (1978) suggested that adults might be intrasexually aggressive. The home ranges of all sex and age classes overlap to some extent but home ranges of adults of the same sex appear to overlap less (Harris 1978). Adult males occupy the largest home ranges which overlap those of one or more females. In captivity individuals kept in groups form hierarchies in which only the dominant females usually breed successfully (Olsen 1982). Fighting occurs primarily among males, with the highest incidence of injuries observed at the beginning of the main September-March breeding season (Olsen 1980, 1982). The results of trapping studies indicate that population density may vary considerably, with the greatest numbers of animals typically occupying man-modified habitats such as irrigation channels or fish farms (McNally 1960, Watts and Aslin 1981, Smales 1984). Aggressive behaviour appears to be related to pelage colour (phenotype) and population density; the higher the density the greater the number of injured individuals (Olsen 1980).
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Johnson, PM, S. Lloyd, T. Vallance, and MDB Eldridge. "First record of quadruplets in the musky ratkangaroo Hypsiprymnodon moschatus." Australian Mammalogy 27, no. 1 (2005): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am05095.
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THE musky rat-kangaroo (Hypsiprymnodon moschatus) is endemic to the tropical rainforests of north-east Queensland (Johnson and Strahan 1982). It is the smallest (510 ? 530 g) and most unusual member of the marsupial superfamily Macropodoidea (Dennis and Johnson 1995). Unlike other macropodoids, H. moschatus is frugivorous, diurnal, has an opposable first digit on the pes, a running quadrupedal gait and possesses a relatively unspecialised digestive tract (Johnson and Strahan 1982; Dennis 2002). It also differs from all other macropodoids in typically giving birth to multiple young, usually twins ? although single young and triplets are regularly reported both in the wild and in captivity (Troughton 1967; Johnson and Strahan 1982; Johnson et al. 1983; Dennis and Marsh 1997; Lloyd 2001). However, the birth of more than three young has not previously been observed in H. moschatus or any other macropodoid, even though all species possess four teats.
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Anderson, Mark C. "White Zombie as Captivity Narrative and the Death of Certainty." International Visual Culture Review 2 (April 12, 2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/gka-visualrev.v2.2191.
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Horror films such as White Zombie (1932) reveal viewers to themselves by narrating in the currency of audience anxiety. Such movies evoke fright because they recapitulate fear and trauma that audiences have already internalized or continue to experience, even if they are not aware of it. White Zombie’s particular tack conjures up an updated captivity narrative wherein a virginal white damsel is abducted by a savage Other.
The shell of the captivity story, of course, is as old as America. In its earliest incarnation it featured American Indians in the role as savage Other, fiendishly imagined as having been desperate to get their clutches on white females and all that hey symbolized. In this way, it generated much of the emotional heat stoking Manifest Destiny, that is, American imperial conquest both of the continent and then, later, as in the case of Haiti, of the Caribbean Basin.
White Zombie must of course be understood in the context of the American invasion and occupation of Haiti (1915-1934). As it revisits the terrain inhabited by the American black Other, it also speaks to the history of American slavery. The Other here is African-American, not surprisingly given the date and nature of American society of the day, typically imagined in wildly pejorative fashion in early American arts and culture.
This essay explores White Zombie as a modified captivity narrative, pace Last of the Mohicans through John Ford’s The Searchers (1956), the Rambo trilogy (1982, 1985, 1988), the Taken trilogy (2008, 1012, 2014), even Mario and Luigi’s efforts to rescue Princess Peach from Bowser.
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Lewis, Richard E. "A rain-forest raptor in danger." Oryx 20, no. 3 (July 1986): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300020032.
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Living in the rain forests of the Philippines is one of the largest and rarest eagles in the world, the Philippine eagle Pithecophaga jefferyi.This magnificent bird is in danger of extinction due to the pressures of land development and human persecution. The author spent three0 years, from 1982 to 1985, helping to study the eagle, both in the wild and captivity, as part of a team dedicated to its conservation. The eagle has become the symbol of the conservation movement in the Philippines, and linked with its survival are a host of endemic species that share the same forest habitat.
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Chalde, Tomás, Mariano Elisio, and Leandro A. Miranda. "Quality of pejerrey (Odontesthes bonariensis) eggs and larvae in captivity throughout spawning season." Neotropical Ichthyology 12, no. 3 (June 23, 2014): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20130146.
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The aim of this work was to assess the quality of pejerrey eggs and larvae throughout its spawning season. Fertilized eggs were taken on September, October, November, and December from a captive broodstock. The egg diameter, yolk diameter, and oil droplets area decreased along the spawning season, with higher values in September. Fertilization and hatching rates decreased throughout this period, with highest values in September (88.0%; 55.2%) and the lowest values on December (43.0%; 25.2%). The larvae hatched from eggs obtained on October were the heaviest and longest (1.57 mg; 8.24 mm). The survival rate at 30 days post hatching (dph) was similar in larvae from September and October eggs (66.1%; 62.9%) with a sharp decrease in larvae from November and December eggs (22.4%; 23.3%). Furthermore, the highest body weight (15.1 mg) and total length (15.25 mm) at 30 dph were obtained in larvae from October eggs. The results obtained showed that overall eggs quality was better at the beginning of the spawning period, influencing the larvae performance.
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Arrese, C., and PB Runham. "Redefining the activity pattern of the honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus)." Australian Mammalogy 23, no. 2 (2001): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am01169.
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ANIMALS are commonly separated into two major categories based on their activity patterns: diurnal and nocturnal. However, evidence of numerous species exhibiting diverse periods of activity, including arhythmic and crepuscular habits, broadens the description. The honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus), a small West-Australian marsupial feeding exclusively on nectar and pollen, has been described as strongly nocturnal (Wooller et al. 1981; Russell and Renfree 1989). However, infrequent daytime activity in captivity (Russell 1986) and in the wild under cold, cloudy conditions, has been reported (Hopper and Burbidge 1982; du Plessis and du Plessis 1995). During trapping exercises in the region of Jurien Bay (250 km north of Perth, Western Australia), several animals were observed foraging after sunrise and before sunset, with occasional diurnal activity. To date, no study has investigated directly the activity periods of the species. Furthermore, studies of the visual capabilities of T. rostratus revealed that its retinal organisation is not compatible with a nocturnal lifestyle, but presents features comparable to those found in diurnal species (Arrese 2002; Arrese et al. 2002). Such discrepancies warranted the monitoring of activity periods (rhythmicity) of T. rostratus in its natural environment, a study reported here. We discuss our results in the context of the visual ecology of the species.
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Mills, H., Z. German R, C. Lambert, and P. Bradley M. "Growth and Sexual Dimorphism in the Dibbler, Parantechinus apicalis (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae)." Australian Mammalogy 21, no. 2 (1999): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am00239.
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Sexual dimorphism in animals has been recognised as being associated with particular breeding strategies or mating systems since Darwin's Origin of Species. Frequently, in polygamous situations, females express a variety of attributes to attract males, and males compete with each other for access to females. This produces different selective pressures in each sex, which in tum produces differing morphologies (Leigh 1995). Thus, the emphasis of morphological studies of sexual differences tends to focus on adults and not the growth patterns that generate those differences. Growth patterns in marsupials have been shown to be variable between species (Gemmell and Hendrikz 1993). Previous studies of dasyurid species in captivity concluded that the onset of dimorphism occurs prior to or during weaning (Whitford, Fanning and White 1982; Williams and Williams 1982), but wild animals are not sexually dimorphic until after weaning (Soderquist 1995). These studies have generally examined the growth rates of males and females and the timing of the onset of sexual dimorphism, but little attention has been focussed on how the differences between the sexes are generated.
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Ascárate, Richard John. "“Have You Ever Seen a Shrunken Head?”: The Early Modern Roots of Ecstatic Truth in Werner Herzog's Fitzcarraldo." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 122, no. 2 (March 2007): 483–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2007.122.2.483.
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Shortly into Werner Herzog's South American film Fitzcarraldo (1982), the Peruvian rubber baron Don Aquilino (José Lewgoy) asks the eponymous protagonist (Klaus Kinski) if he has ever seen a shrunken head. This paper argues that Fitzcarraldo's short, fumbling response (“Yes. I mean, no. Sort of …”) calls into question both the European tradition of representing the New World and the very status and nature of the film image. Close analysis of a single visual from the film also demonstrates the difficulty of constructing images endowed with what the director has called over the years “ecstatic truth.” Though critically praised for his unique vision, Herzog affiliates himself through Fitzcarraldo, however unknowingly, with a constellation of texts and practices having colonialist aims, extending all the way to Warhaftig Historia (1557), the controversial captivity narrative of the would-be German conquistador Hans Staden.
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Graham, Seth. "History, Power, and Incomplete Epistolarity in Post-Soviet Cinema." Área Abierta 19, no. 3 (November 4, 2019): 383–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/arab.65501.
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This article examines epistolary enunciation in the recent cinema of former Soviet republics (Russia, Ukraine, and Estonia), and in particular how filmmakers use the letter device in their engagements with their nations’ past, present, and future. After discussing the post-Soviet epistolary through the prism of the region’s history, with reference to Altman (1982) and Naficy (2001), the article analyses the device in specific films. Recent examples often follow the Soviet-era model of the letter as a medium for contact not only (or primarily) between individuals, but also for more abstract kinds of contact, between distinct realms of human existence and consciousness: East and West, Public and Private, Life and Death/Afterlife, Freedom and Captivity, Science and Superstition, Authenticity and Imposture, History and Contemporaneity. The meanings created via epistolary efforts to bridge such gaps – by the characters and the filmmakers – are central to the post-Soviet cinematic project of national and individual introspection.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Captivity, 1982"
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Flack, Andrew J. P. "The natures of the beasts : an animal history of Bristol Zoo since 1835." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/f1608fa9-22eb-42d6-a5e1-22eaf45f3465.
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Since its opening in 1836 Bristol Zoo has displayed animals from every continent except Antarctica in order to deliver amusement and instruction to its visitors. Over time, the nature of this human-animal space changed in a variety of important ways, reflecting transformations in the ways humans gave meaning to non-human animal life. This thesis engages with insights rooted in colonial, environmental, cultural and intellectual histories, principally arguing that multi-layered interspecies relationships were predominantly rooted in a complicated dyad of object-subject. Animals were seen as representative objects to be bought, sold, studied and enjoyed, as well as simultaneously individual subjects capable of communing with their human counterparts. Such relationships were frequently illustrative of a fluid balance of control and, in many ways, lay bare the uncertain philosophical boundary separating humans from the rest of the natural world. While this thesis details important changes over time, it approaches these relationships thematically. It shows that animals were objects of desire, though they had different values depending on species, age, sex and utility. Later, their value was increasingly attached to the genetic information coursing through their veins. Modes of maintaining the animal and displaying it for instructive and entertaining consumption reveal similarly complicated ways of thinking about non-human animal life. The imagination of animals in scientific and anthropomorphic ways denote entangled ontological classifications of human and nonhuman animals, and the existence of a hierarchy of species based on the possession of humanoid features. Moreover, the material influence of animals, while challenging conceptualisations of absolute human power in captive spaces, has often been interpreted in ways which reinforced the status of animals as objects of physical and imaginative manipulation. Finally, in death, animals were understood in ways that changed significantly during the period, but which remained rooted in the familiar binary of object-subject.
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Quinton, Laurent. "Une littérature qui ne passe pas : récits de captivité des prisonniers de guerre français de la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1940-1953)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194520.
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Tout comme les récits de déportation politique et raciale, les récits de captivité des prisonniers de guerre français de la Seconde Guerre mondiale présentent un intérêt non négligeable, du point de vue historique, documentaire, idéologique, mais aussi littéraire.Entre 1940 et 1953, pas moins de 188 récits — témoignages, journaux, romans — furent publiés, qui constituent un corpus riche qui n'a pas été étudié jusqu'à présent. Cette thèse de doctorat entreprend de démêler, à travers l'étude du contexte littéraire et politique de l'époque, les différents enjeux qui gravitent autour de ces récits.
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Audeval, Aurélie. "Les Étrangères Indésirables et I'administration française. 1938-1942 : socio-histoire d'une catégorisation d'État." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0045.
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Cette thèse revient sur la constitution de la catégorie administrative d'Étrangèr. E Indésirable. Cette catégorie apparaît de façon massive au sein de l'administration du ministère de l'Intérieur français tout au long des années 1930. Elle devient une catégorie juridique avec l'adoption du décret du 12 novembre 1938 qui permet l'internement de toute personne qualifiée d'Indésirable. En étudiant parallèlement les décisions des administrations centrales et les pratiques locales du service des Étrangers de la préfecture de Marseille entre 1938 et 1942, cette thèse revient sur la question des continuités de l'État au quotidien en matière gestion des Indésirables. Elle analyse le traitement différencié des populations par l'État en raison du genre jusque dans les usages de la qualification d'Indésirable, à une période où le maintien des individus dans des rôles sociaux différenciés, productif et reproductif, devient un enjeu central des politiques publiques. Enfin, ce travail a pour ambition de contribuer au débat sur la mise en place de la Shoah en France, et plus précisément sur les dynamiques propres à l'appareil d'État français. Dans cette perspective, il entend poser la question des liens entre le développement des pratiques d'État envers les Indésirables dès les années 1930 et la décision de livraison des Juifs et Juives étrangères de zone sud en 1942. Ce faisant, c'est la question plus large des logiques d'ensemble qui gouvernent les politiques de gestion de population au sein des États modernes qu'il s'agit de poser. L'hypothèse avancée, est celle de la constitution parallèle de logiques éliminatrices et de logiques disciplinaires comme modalités d'action publiqueThis dissertation traces the constitution of the "undesirable alien" category, analyzing it from a gender perspective. This category appeared massively within the French Home Office administration throughout the 1930s. It became a judicial category with the decree of 12 November 1938 that allowed the internment of any "undesirable" person and remained in use within French state administrations after 1940. By examining in the 1938-1942 period, both the decisions of the central administrations and the practices of Marseille's local immigration administrative office, this dissertation revisits the state's everyday management of "undesirable" people. The specific focus on the control over female immigrants sheds light upon this little-known dimension of internment. Such a focus allows for an analysis of the state's gendered treatment of populations, in a moment when the upholding of differentiated productive and reproductive gendered roles became a central concern for public policies. This dissertation also aims at contributing to the debate over the Holocaust's implementation in France, especially regarding the dynamics that are specific to the French state. It does so b questioning the relation between the development of state practices targeting "undesirable" people in the 1930s and the 1942 decision of deporting Jewish foreigners from the French southern zone. The general logics that underpin modern state population management policies are hence revisited: the author examines the hypothesis of coexisting discipline and elimination logics within public policies
Books on the topic "Captivity, 1982"
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1924-, Weir Carol, and Benson Dennis C, eds. Hostage Bound, Hostage Free. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1987.
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Jan, Cools. Libre demain: Médecin et otage au Liban. Bruxelles: Editions EPO, 1990.
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Assaf, Antoine-Joseph. Terre blanche: Journal d'un otage au Liban. [Paris]: Sarment, 2000.
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Hostage freed: One family's struggle with hatred and forgiveness. Elgin, Ill: LifeJourney Books, 1991.
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Suazo, Miguel Cálix. Cárcel de horizontes: Crónica sobre el asalto guerrillero a la Cámara de Comercio e Industrias de Cortés. 2nd ed. [Tegucigalpa?: s.n.], 1985.
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Rabaul diary: Escaping captivity in 1942. Loftus, Australia: Australian Military History Publications, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Captivity, 1982"
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Vital, David. "Captivity 1971–1983." In A People Apart, 755–836. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199246816.003.0035.
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"Escape and Captivity." In The Fall of Singapore 1942, 201–25. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315691930-19.
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"Processes within the Official Discourse (1957–1985)." In In the Captivity of the Matrix, 115–54. Brill | Rodopi, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789401211932_007.
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Piñero, Mariana Herrera, Eric Stover, Melina Tupa, and Víctor B. Penchaszadeh. "The Living Disappeared." In Silent Witness, 149–72. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190909444.003.0008.
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This chapter tells the story of the Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo, or Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo, and their search for more than 500 grandchildren who were kidnapped by the Argentine military or born in captivity during military rule from 1976 to 1983. Most of the parents of these children were executed and buried in clandestine graves, while their children were given to childless military and civilian couples. Hope turned the Abuelas into detectives. Over many years, they examined thousands of pages of public documents, conducted stakeouts, and went undercover in their search for clues to the whereabouts of their missing grandchildren. But sleuthing was easy compared to convincing courts that the children they had located were biologically related to the grandparents who claimed them. In spring 1984, several foreign geneticists came to the aid of the Abuelas. Six months later, the first grandchild was identified on the basis of genetic analysis and returned to her grandmother. DNA sequencing soon followed, and in 1987, the Argentine Congress passed a law establishing the Banco Nacional de Datos Genéticos (National Genetic Data Bank), dedicated exclusively to identifying Argentina’s missing children. To date, 127 stolen children have been identified, most of them based on DNA analysis. While tracing this history, the chapter explores the scientific, legal, and psychosocial challenges that have arisen during the Abuelas’ search for their missing grandchildren.
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Banham, Tony. "War: Australia, 1942–1944." In Reduced to a Symbolical Scale. Hong Kong University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390878.003.0006.
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Chapter Five marks the dramatic change caused by the Japanese attack on Hong Kong. Now there was a material difference between the experiences of those evacuated and those who had stayed, and discussion of reunion was instantly cut. With the deaths of so many husbands and fathers in action, and captivity for those who survived, for the majority of families (for their well-being and integrity then and later) it might have been better had they stayed in Hong Kong. On the other hand, those who had been forced out of the Colony at least had freedom, relative safety, privacy, access to good education for children, and sufficient food. While both sides were desperate to communicate, the Japanese occupation and the continuing mortality in the camps made shared decision making impossible. However, with repatriation to Hong Kong now impossible for the foreseeable future, the immediate choices for evacuees were binary: relocate to the UK, or finally (and individually) take the necessary steps with work, housing, and schools, to properly integrate in Australia for the long term. Forced into this situation by the evacuation, behind many such decisions lay the knowledge (or lack thereof) of the fate of the husband/father.
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"juvenile conch in captivity (Ray and Davis 1986). Depending on the." In Recent Advances in Marine Biotechnology, Vol. 4: Aquaculture: Part A, 162–77. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482294200-7.
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Colby, Jason M. "New Frontiers." In Orca. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673093.003.0021.
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Skana looked sick. On September 18, 1980, she failed to finish her show, and the next day she remained sluggish. Murray Newman and his staff were concerned. Along with Hyak II (formerly Tung-Jen), she was the Vancouver Aquarium’s biggest draw. In the thirteen years since Ted Griffin had captured her, Skana had been the star of Stanley Park, giving millions their first close-up view of a killer whale. And through her impact on Paul Spong and Greenpeace, she had helped reframe the international whaling debate. She may well have been the most influential cetacean in history, but she grew weaker each day, and despite heavy doses of antibiotics, she succumbed on Sunday, October 5. The necropsy revealed a fungal infection in her reproductive tract. Although aquarium officials were correct in noting that she had lived longer in captivity than any other killer whale, she was still young—no more than twenty. She might have lived fifty more years in the wild. Skana’s death left Hyak alone. He had come from Pender Harbour in 1968 as a small, frightened calf, and now he was a sexually mature male in need of a mate. Yet the acquisition of killer whales was no simple matter. The Department of Fisheries had stated that it would allow wild capture to replace orcas who died in captivity, but the Vancouver Aquarium hadn’t caught a killer whale since Moby Doll in 1964, and if it tried now, activists would surely oppose it. “I knew it would be unpopular for us to try to capture a live killer whale locally and felt a little frustrated about it,” Newman admitted. “To my mind, the entire awareness of the killer whales’ right to live was brought about by aquariums exhibiting these animals.” With nearby waters out of play, he looked to Iceland, which had become the primary source of captive orcas in recent years. After receiving the Canadian government’s permission to import whales, Newman boarded a plane for Iceland, arriving at Keflavik International Airport in the early morning of December 13, 1980.
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Roberts, Patrick. "Cradle Under the Canopy The Forest Origins of our Ape and Hominin Ancestors and the Tropical Forest Forays of the Genus Homo." In Tropical Forests in Prehistory, History, and Modernity. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818496.003.0007.
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The evolutionary proximity of the non-human great apes to us is often stressed in studies of animals, such as Kanzi, a bonobo (Pan paniscus) bred in captivity, that demonstrate their capacity to undertake tool-use and even utilize and comprehend language (Toth et al., 1993; Savage-Rumbaugh and Lewin, 1996; Schick et al., 1999). Likewise, studies of chimpanzees (Pan spp.) have highlighted the similarity of their emotional and empathetic capacities to those of humans (Parr et al., 2005; Campbell and de Waal, 2014). However, as noted by Savage- Rumbaugh and Lewin (1996), in palaeoanthropology and archaeology more broadly, the emergence of the hominin clade and, later, our species, is referenced in terms of the ‘chasm’ between ourselves and other extant great apes. Indeed, despite our genetic and behavioural proximity, extant non-human great ape taxa are often popularly characterized as living fossils of how we used to be. They are used as analogues for the subsistence and behaviour of the Last Common Ancestor (LCA) of humans and non-human great apes (Clutton-Brock and Harvey, 1977; Goodall, 1986; Foley and Lewin, 2004) and it is almost as if the fact that they still occupy the tropical environments in which these hominoids likely evolved (though see Elton, 2008) allows them to be treated as static comparisons (Figure 3.1). Since Darwin wrote the Descent of Man in 1871, the forests of the tropics, and their modern non-human great ape inhabitants, have tended to be perceived as being left behind as the hominin clade gained increasingly ‘human’ traits of tool-use, medium to large game hunting, and upright locomotion on open ‘savanna’ landscapes (Dart, 1925; Potts, 1998; Klein, 1999). From this perspective it is perhaps unsurprising that tropical forests are seen as alien to the genus Homo and its closest hominin ancestors.
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Colby, Jason M. "Supply and Demand." In Orca. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673093.003.0014.
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In the summer of 1968, Richard O’Feldman must have wondered how he came to be playing the flute on the back of a killer whale. The curly-haired twenty-eight-year-old was no stranger to marine mammals. Growing up on Miami Beach in the 1940s, he had often seen bottlenose dolphins. “Back in those days, Biscayne Bay was teeming with them,” he recalled, and his mother told him tales of dolphins rescuing downed pilots. Thirsting for adventure, fifteen-year-old O’Feldman lied about his age to join the National Guard and later enlisted in the navy. Over the next five years, he rode a US destroyer around the world, hearing his first dolphin calls in the ship’s sonar room and training to become a navy diver. Not yet twenty-one when he left the service, he dabbled in treasure hunting off the Florida coast before finding work at the Miami Seaquarium. His first day on the job, O’Feldman joined the marine park’s collection crew on an expedition to capture dolphins in Biscayne Bay. “In those days, you didn’t need a permit,” he explained. “You could do whatever you wanted.” As a diver, his task was to search for entangled dolphins while keeping the net clear of coral snags. The collection method made casualties inevitable. “I would find dolphins wrapped up dead,” he admitted. “We killed a lot.” By 1962, O’Feldman had helped capture more than a hundred bottlenose dolphins. The Miami Seaquarium kept some for display, but it sold most to other marine parks. Among them were US buyers such as Marineland of the Pacific and Chicago’s Shedd Aquarium, as well as a growing number of European dolphinariums. “Places were just opening,” he noted, “and we were supplying them.” Among the eager customers was his former employer, the US Navy, which had just launched its Marine Mammal Program. O’Feldman saw nothing wrong with captivity—“never questioned it at all,” he told me. Never, that is, until he began working with the animals himself.
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"Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America." In Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America, edited by Matthew E. Andersen, Christopher J. Keleher, Joshua E. Rasmussen, Eriek S. Hansen, Paul D. Thompson, David W. Speas, M. Douglas Routledge, and Trina N. Hedrick. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569896.ch4.
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ABSTRACT The June sucker Chasmistes liorus is endemic to Utah Lake, Utah. Abundant when first described in the 19th century, the species declined precipitously in the 20th century, leading to it being listed as endangered in 1986. The wild population size at time of listing was estimated to be less than 1,000 and may be even smaller at present. A multi-partner cooperative program was formally established in 2002 with the dual goals of recovering the June sucker and allowing continued operation of water facilities for human use. One recovery action of the program has been collection and artificial propagation of June sucker, yielding more than 46,000 June sucker of varying ages currently being held outside of Utah Lake. Mature fish held in captivity are beginning to contribute to recovery as they and their offspring are released into the lake. Dwindling numbers of wild fish combined with the increasing proportions of stocked fish returning to spawn in the Provo River indicates barriers to recruitment that are being addressed by other program recovery actions. While actions being taken to address environmental threats to June sucker, especially controlling nonnative fishes and habitat alteration, must continue if artificially and naturally produced June sucker are to survive in Utah Lake, the ability of this species to thrive and reproduce in habitats outside of Utah Lake will likely be important to its persistence. Habitat recovery and conservation efforts will be critical for maintaining a diverse environment where both June sucker and Utah sucker Catostomus ardens can survive. Environmental influences in Utah Lake appear to have been important for the evolution of sucker feeding habits and the observed morphologies of the two species. June sucker have been kept from going extinct, but should remain listed as endangered. The goal of this paper is to present information regarding the current status of June sucker and the status of actions to recover this endangered species, currently dominated by the captive propagation efforts.