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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Car deformation'

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1

Oliver, Serna Clara. "Vibroacoustic analysis of car door and window seals." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC023.

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Les joints de porte et de vitrage des voitures jouent un rôle très important dans la réduction du bruit d’origine aérodynamique, à la fois par transmission directe et de par son rôle en tant que condition limite ees autres éléments transmetteurs (portes et fenêtres). Par conséquent, sa conception est fondamentale pour l’optimisation du confort de passager. Néanmoins, la méthode traditionnelle pour sa conception, basée sur une approche par tâtonnement de tests en soufflerie, est très coûteuse et insuffisante. Une approche différente est envisagée dans ce manuscrit, par la création d’un modèle capable de prédire la transmission du bruit jusqu’`a la cavité du véhicule, qui puisse être appliqué ultérieurement dans une routine d’optimisation. La modélisation des joints de vitrage et des fenêtres fait face à plusieurs difficultés. La fermeture de la porte subie par le joint de porte avant d’être soumis à l’excitation acoustique, ainsi que le comportement hyperélastique du caoutchouc, mènent à des déformations non-linéaires. Ce comportement change les propriétés (telles que la rigidité) du joint comprimé lors qu’il est soumis à l’excitation acoustique. De plus, l’interaction du son transmis par les joints avec la cavité du véhicule doit être prise en compte. Néanmoins, la taille réduite et la géométrie complexe du joint appellent à une approche telle que la méthode EF, tandis que la grande taille de la cavité véhicule nécessite d’une approche plus grossière, pour ne pas aboutir sur un modèle trop lourd. La solution proposée dans ce manuscrit implique la création d’un modèle hybride capable de modéliser le joint et la cavité séparément, avec l’approche la plus adaptée `a chaque cas, et de les coupler dans un seul modèle. Les comportements hyperélastique et viscoélastique des joints, avant et durant l’excitation acoustique, sont modélisés à l’aide du code commercial ABAQUS, tandis qu’une méthode énergétique appelée Méthode Energétique Simplifiée est utilisée pour la propagation ´ du son depuis les joints jusqu’au reste de la cavité. Cette méthode, adaptée aux besoins de l’application souhaitée, et couplée aux résultats du modèle EF, permet l’obtention rapide et locale du niveau de pression acoustique en n’importe quel point de la cavité. Finalement, des campagnes expérimentales sont mises en œuvre pour la validation des modèles. Les mises en place et les résultats sont détaillés dans ce manuscrit
Car door and window seals have been proven to be of utmost importance to reduce aerodynamic noise, both through direct transmission and through their role as boundary conditions of the other transmitting elements (car doors and windows). As consequence, their design has become of great relevance when it comes to passenger comfort optimization. However, the traditional method for their conception, based on a trial and error approach through wind-tunnel testing, has been found to be insufficient and costly. A different approach is contemplated in this dissertation, through the development of a model capable of predicting sound transmission through seals and into the vehicle cavity, for its subsequent application into an optimization procedure. Several difficulties arise from the modeling of car door and window seals. Indeed, the door closure imposed on the door seal before any acoustic excitation, as well as the hyperelasticity of the rubber lead to a non-linear deformation behavior. This behavior changes the seal properties (e.g. stiffness) which have to be modeled under acoustic excitation. Additionally, the interaction of the transmitted sound with the vehicle cavity must be taken into account. However, the small, precise geometry of the seal would call for an approach such as FE method, whereas the big dimensions of a vehicle cavity demand a much coarser approach so that the problem doesn’t become unmanageable in size. The solution that is proposed in this dissertation, implies the creation of an hybrid model capable of modeling the seal and the vehicle cavity separately, with the most adequate approach to each case, and coupling them afterward into a single model. As consequence, the hyperelastic and viscoelastic behaviors of the seals, prior to and during the acoustic excitation, are modeled through FE software ABAQUS, whereas an energy method called Méthode Energétique Simplifiée is used for the propagation ´ of the sound from the seal to the rest of the cavity. This method, improved to better suit the requirements of the discussed application, and coupled to the results of the FE model, allows a fast and local computation of the sound pressure level at any point inside the cavity. Finally, some experimental tests are put in place for the validation of the models. The different setups and results are detailed in this dissertation
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2

Volek, Aleš. "Metodika ustavení souřadného sytému pro optické měřící zařízení Pontos." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264918.

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The graduation thesis deals with invention of detailed definition of the coordinate system for Pontos system. The solution is based on suitable localization method of the point on a car body, whose coordinates are known from CAD data. First part of the thesis describes the design of adapter which determines the reference point. Software solution is presented in second part. Contribution of the work and accuracy of the method are discussed in the end.
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3

Skalník, Vít. "Analýza vlivu výrobních procesů na deformace kolejnic." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417076.

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The aim of this work is to assess the possibilities of using numerical simulation tools in the process of laser welding of the guide rail of a car seat. In the diploma thesis, a description of the components and the problem, which consists in the deformation of the groove of the guide rail, was made. A description was made of the manufacturing operations that the components go through. The positives of selected welding methods were evaluated and the choice of those used in production was justified. A description of the issues of laser welding, deformation and the use of simulation tools was made. The influence of individual production operations was evaluated in terms of the size and nature of deformations. Using the Visual – Mesh, Visual – Weld and Visual – Assembly simulation tools, which are products of the French company ESI Group, the same state of the simulated and real process was achieved. Subsequently, a proposal for the elimination of deformations and its verification using a simulation tool could be approached. The use of a spacer wedge, which acts on the most deformed places of the groove, was proposed. By its application, the resulting deformations were eliminated or significantly reduced. In the last part of the work, a technical and economic evaluation was made, taking into account the current global crisis and the important role of the automotive industry.
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4

Ho, Hon Ping. "The Influence of Braking System Component Design Parameters on Pedal Force and Displacement Characteristics. Simulation of a passenger car brake system, focusing on the prediction of brake pedal force and displacement based on the system components and their design characteristics." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7447.

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This thesis presents an investigation of braking system characteristics, brake system performance and brake system component design parameters that influence brake pedal force / displacement characteristics as ‘felt’ by the driver in a passenger car. It includes detailed studies of individual brake system component design parameters, operation, and the linear and nonlinear characteristics of internal components through experimental study and simulation modelling. The prediction of brake pedal ‘feel’ in brake system simulation has been achieved using the simulation modelling package AMESim. Each individual brake system component was modelled individually before combining them into the whole brake system in order to identify the parameters and the internal components characteristics that influence the brake pedal ‘feel’. The simulation predictions were validated by experimentally measured data and demonstrated the accuracy of simulation modelling. Axisymmetric Finite Element Analysis (using the ABAQUS software) was used to predict the behaviour of nonlinear elastomeric internal components such as the piston seal and the booster reaction disc which was then included in the AMESim simulation model. The seal model FEA highlighted the effects of master cylinder and caliper seal deformation on the brake pedal ‘feel’. The characteristics of the brake booster reaction disc were predicted by the FEA and AMESim simulation modelling and these results highlighted the importance of the nonlinear material characteristics, and their potential contribution to brake pedal ‘feel’ improvement. A full brake system simulation model was designed, prepared, and used to predict brake system performance and to design a system with better brake pedal ‘feel’. Each of the brake system component design parameters was validated to ensure that the braking system performance was accurately predicted. The critical parameter of brake booster air valve spring stiffness was identified to improve the brake ‘pedal ‘feel’. This research has contributed to the advancement of automotive engineering by providing a method for brake system engineers to design a braking system with improved pedal ‘feel’. The simulation model can be used in the future to provide an accurate prediction of brake system performance at the design stage thereby saving time and cost.
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5

Pirner, Adam. "Vyprošťování osob z havarovaných vozidel s ohledem na jejich konstrukci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232682.

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This thesis deals with the topic of extrication of people trapped incrashed vehicles regarding the construction of the vehicle. Part of the resources needed for this theses was taken from a literary survey drawn up with the help of the Research and scientific library in Hradec Králové according to the given topic and key phrases. The first part of the thesis deals with specific parts of the constructions of cars. This part is followed by description of road accidents, various kinds of accidents and possible deformations of cars after accidents. The thesis deals with extrication itself made by fire brigades, suitable procedures, kinds of interventions and means of used technical equipment. Another part suggests ways of saving trails and evidence during road accident interventions. Final part of the thesis is focused on overall analysis of the given problem based on personal experience, suggestions, negative aspects of the current situation and differences in training of possible situations with reality at the site of the accident.
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6

Bílek, Vojtěch. "Konstrukční návrh závěsu zadního víka osobního automobilu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-378140.

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The thesis deals with the issue of suspension of the 5th passenger car door. The introductory part deals with the possibilities of mounting the 5th passenger car door. In the next part, a HDS hinge was selected, which is further solved using a numerical and experimental method. Aluminium alloy was used on this HDS hinge to reduce weight. In the first step, a technical experiment was performed on the existing state (steel) and a strain-strain analysis was performed. Based on the stress-strain analysis of the material change variant without structural change, unsatisfactory results were obtained. After that, design changes were proposed such as increasing the thickness of the tube wall in the Creo program, and this variant was also subjected to a stress-strain analysis using the numerical modelling. Comparison of the results was based on the values of elastic deformation and equivalent stress. Finally, the thesis dealt with the manufacturability of the proposed component within which, a technical experiment was carried out.
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7

Sweeney, Aaron DePaul. "Estimating centimeter-level seafloor deformation /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3022212.

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8

Shih, Chienchung James. "Dynamic deformation of silicon carbide /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9824655.

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9

Liang, Haidong. "Facial soft tissue 3D modelling." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842802/.

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The purpose of this study is to find the design tool to create a soft tissue 3D model able to be used for finite element analysis to simulate the facial soft tissue deformation under g-loading and the helmet and mask/tissue interaction. Such a model will be of value in the design of new helmets and oxygen mask system, to reduce the effects of inertia, to provide improved fit, to minimise oxygen leakage especially when deformed under high g-loading. This work is concerned with the creation of a 3D geometric model. Further work may involve the measurement of mechanical properties of the facial soft tissue, finite element analysis and validation of the model. Using high frequency A-scan ultrasound allows the superficial tissue to be measured on volunteers without risk. The investigation covers 112 points on half of the face, linked to 11 defined morphological zones. The zonal boundaries are based on previous research and are initially identified by inspection and palpation of the face. There is large thickness range difference (30%) over the face in most zones defined in an individual. The iso-thickness zone hypothesis is not valid if the 'constant' thickness criterion is set to be 10% for all zones. Software algorithm for automatically detecting the facial soft tissue thickness is developed and validated to be effective (5% fail rate). Thickness data is acquired from European white males, females and Chinese males. The data collected in this study is also useful in forensic science for facial reconstruction purpose. Laser scanning method has been used to obtain the facial surface profile to create a surface model into which the soft tissue layer thickness distribution around the face can be incorporated. The surface model is exported in IGES format and can be imported in CAD software. Electromagnetic space locating method is used to acquire the ultrasound probe position so as to find the position of the tissue thickness. Point-based registration method is used to integrate the ultrasound thickness data into the laser scanned surface model to create a soft tissue shell solid model. The model is exported in IGES data format so that it can be imported into a finite element analysis package for further processing.
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10

Momken, Bahareh. "Fluid flow and deformation in composite porous media /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004343.

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11

Chen, Yuejian. "High-strain, high-strain-rate deformation of tantalum /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9828890.

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12

Francisco, Ferreira Jose. "Design and analysis of a computer controlled open-die forging cell." Thesis, University of Bath, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343765.

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13

Bader, Yves, and Arian Greva. "Analyse dynamique des sangles de ceinture de sécurité." Mulhouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MULH0425.

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Traditionnellement employée par les mécaniciens, l'analyse modale est l'outil que nous avons utilisé pour étudier le comportement dynamique des sangles. La vitesse de déplacement des nuds d'un maillage préalablement établi est mesurée par un vibromètre laser (mesure sans contact). Par ailleurs, une étude du module complexe de la sangle et des fils a été menée sur la base de la mesure du temps de propagation d'une perturbation le long de l'échantillon. L'influence de plusieurs paramètres (fréquence d'excitation, tension de la sangle, torsion du fil) sur le module a été ainsi mise en évidence
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14

Hemphill-Haley, Mark Allen. "Multi-scaled analyses of contemporary crustal deformation of western North America /." view abstract or download file of text, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9948021.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1999.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 225-237). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9948021.
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15

Du, Jing. "Geophysical inversion of far-field deformation for hydraulic fracture and reservoir information /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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16

Kong, Fanchen. "Continental margin deformation analysis and reconstruction : evolution of the East China Sea basin and adjacent plate interaction /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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17

Zhou, Hao. "A mathematical model for the deformations achievable by a slightly extensible spherical cap." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/7055.

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The shape of a deep seismic zone is thought to represent that of the descending slab of the lithosphere. The lithosphere before subduction is a spherical cap, and the shape of the descending slab is the result of the deformation of the spherical lithosphere at the subduction zone. It was found that the actual shape of the descending slab maybe approximated by a slightly extensible spherical cap for a shallow subduction zone, while for a deep subduction zone, the cap appears to be too inflexible to form a steep dipping angle. A technique was developed to explore the relationship between the subducted slab shape and the slab deformation.
vii, 35 leaves
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18

Mishra, Anuj. "Microstructural evolution in ultra-fine grained copper processed by severe plastic deformation /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF formate. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3266841.

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19

Cai, Jing. "Properties of heterogeneous energetic materials under high strain, high strain rate deformation." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3274695.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed October 2, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-172).
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Kapoor, Rajeev. "Deformation mechanisms during compressive loading of tantalum and tantalum-2.5 weight % tungsten /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9904726.

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21

Wang, Jun. "Material removal sequence optimization for reducing workpiece deformation during thin-wall machining." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253274.

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Chen, Hsi-Ching B. "Shear localization in high-strain-rate deformation of inert and reactive porous materials /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9732695.

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23

Bocchieri, Robert Thomas. "Time-dependent deformation of a nonlinear viscoelastic rubber-toughened fiber composite with growing damage /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008280.

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24

Reed, Robert Mark. "Emplacement and deformation of late syn-orogenic, Grenville-age granites in the Llano uplift, central Texas /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999.
Vita. Four folded maps in pocket. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 254-271). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.
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Druguet, Elena. "The structure of the NE Cap de Creus peninsula relationships with metamorphism and magmatism." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3444.

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Este estudio esta centrado en la tectónica de los dominios mas profundos que afloran en el sector septentrional de la península del Cap de Creus, así como en el metamorfismo y el magmatismo asociados. La península del Cap de Creus constituye el afloramiento mas oriental del zócalo paleozoico que conforma la zona axial de los Pirineos, en la cual las foliaciones penetrativas, el metamorfismo y el magmatismo son de edad hercinica. Las rocas que afloran en el area objeto de estudio corresponden a una secuencia metasedimentaria que contiene intercalaciones esporádicas de rocas igneas metamorfizadas. La presencia de un gradiente metamórfico, con grado creciente hacia el norte evidencia un metamorfismo regional progrado de baja presión, iniciado durante los episodios deformativos tempranos, que se manifiesta por una zonación que abarca desde la zona de la clorita-moscovita al sur, hasta la zona de la silimanita-feldespato potásico, al norte. Localmente, en los dominios de grado medio y alto, aparecen areas migmatiticas junto con granitoides calco-alcalinos, emplazados secuencialmente desde los términos más básicos hasta los más ácidos. Un enjambre de diques de pegmatitas aparece en los dominios anatecticos y perianatecticos hasta la zona de la cordierita-andalucita. El metamorfismo retrógrado superpone heterogeneamente a la zonación prograda y es especialmente manifiesto a lo largo de las bandas miloniticas. Las estructuras tectónicas polifásicas se han interpretado como resultado de una historia deformacional progresiva, con una manifiesta continuidad desde los eventos en condiciones metamórficas progradas hasta aquellos desarrollados en condiciones retrogradas. A efectos de exponer la evolución tectónica se han distinguido tres episodios principales. El episodio temprano (d1) genera una foliación penetrativa (s1), presumiblemente en disposición original sub-horizontal. A continuación, una secuencia de episodios deformacionales da lugar a una sucesión de estructuras fuertemente inclinadas. Cada episodio es inhomogeneo en el espacio y esta caracterizado por una deformación progresiva no-coaxial, dando lugar a la formación de una compleja configuración estructural. El episodio d2 genera pliegues de trazado ne-sw que afectan en condiciones progradas a la foliación s1. Los gradientes ligados a este plegamiento definen una zonación estructural, con dominios de débil e intensa deformación y una geometría análoga a la de zonas de cizalla. Las zonas de mayor deformación se localizan preferentemente en el sector septentrional y se halla asociada a procesos de migmatización y de emplazamiento de granitoides. Un estadio transicional entre d2 y d3 (denominado d2-3) se caracteriza por el desarrollo de pliegues sub-verticales de dirección E-W. Este estadio deformacional se situa alrededor del climax metamorfico y presenta una gradación hasta situaciones de retrogradación a temperatura elevada en el norte (en donde el enjambre de pegmatitas se halla emplazado sintectonicamente). Este mismo estadio deformacional presenta condiciones claramente retrogradas en el centro y sur. La progresión de la deformación en condiciones retrógradas genera las estructuras d3, de direccion NW-SE, que en el sur conforman una faja de pliegues y en el norte una faja milonitica sobre las rocas de mayor cristalinidad. Esta circunstancia da lugar a una segunda zonación estructural. Las relaciones entre las estructuras de temperatura elevada (d2 y d2-3) en los metasedimentos y las estructuras de los granitoides y pegmatitas, evidencian el sincronismo entre los procesos deformativos y magmáticos. Además, a pesar de la manifiesta complejidad de las relaciones entre geometría y cinemática, el análisis de la deformación de estas estructuras muestra que la deformación responde a una situación de tectonica transpresiva, en la que estan implicadas una extensión subvertical y un acortamiento general NNW-SSE con un componente direccional dextro.
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Rust, Alison C. "Viscosity, deformation and permeability of bubbly magma : applications to flow and degassing in volcanic conduits /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3113026.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-205). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Jacobs, James Owen. "A COMPARISON OF RESISTANCE TO FRACTURE AND DEFORMATION BETWEEN ONE AND TWO-PIECE SMALL DIAMETER DENTAL IMPLANTS." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1244049980.

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Rubiano-Benavides, Nestor Roberto. "Predictions of the inelastic seismic response of concrete structures including shear deformations and anchorage slip /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Fan, Li. "3D reconstruction and deformation analysis from medical image sequences with applications in left ventricle and lung /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9999280.

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Barbot, Sylvain. "Studies of co- and postseismic deformation of the lithosphere from numerical models and space geodetic data." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3386627.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed January 12, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 200-217).
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Zhu, Baozhi. "Computational modelling of the mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline metals based on the deformation mechanisms and their transitions." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3232966.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed December 1, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 144-152).
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Anderson, Gregory J. Anderson Gregory J. "I, studies in crustal deformation using GPS and tiltmeters ; II, new statistical techniques in static stress triggering /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3035903.

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Prawirodirdjo, Linette M. "A geodetic study of Sumatra and the Indonesian region : kinematics and crustal deformation from GPS and triangulation /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3035427.

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Gourrame, Khadija. "Développement d'une technique robuste du tatouage des images aux attaques print-cam." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3047.

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Le tatouage d’images numériques consiste à y insérer une marque d’une manière invisible à l’œil humain, cette marque pouvant être détectée par un algorithme de traitement d’images. Cela sert entre autres à établir la propriété de ce document numérique. Le but de cette thèse est de proposer une technique de tatouage d’image lorsque celle-ci est imprimée sur un support physique puis numérisé à main levée avec la caméra d’un smartphone. Cela permettra de proposer de nouvelles applications nomades de tatouage, comme par exemple le contrôle mobile de documents officiels contenant une photo d’identité (ID) que nous souhaitons développer. Dans ce cas, la marque doit résister aux attaques liées au processus d’impression/numérisation, dites attaques print-cam. Ces attaques très puissantes associent des modifications géométriques à des modifications de la valeur des pixels et peuvent rendre impossible la détection de la marque. La transformée de Fourier est utilisée comme domaine d’insertion de la marque, car cette transformée a des propriétés d’invariance contre certaines distorsions géométriques, rotation et translations dans le plan de l’image. La nouveauté de ce travail consiste à associer un tatouage d’image dans le plan de Fourier à 3 méthodes de correction : une correction géométrique de perspective basée sur la transformation de Hough, un filtre de Wiener pour réduire le flou et le bruit et enfin une correction colorimétrique pour réduire les dégradations de couleur. Les résultats obtenus sur des images ID montrent que la méthode proposée conduit à taux d’erreur total de 1%, contre 25% pour le meilleur de ses challengers. Ce taux d’erreur est compatible avec l’application sécuritaire visée
Digital image watermarking consists in embedding information within the image which cannot be seen by the human visual system, but recovered with a software. The aim of this thesis is to propose a watermarking method when the watermarked image is printed on a physical support and then read freehandedly with a smartphone camera. In order to survive to the print-cam process, the watermark must resist to multiple attacks. Those attacks occur during printing and capturing the image with a camera: in that case the captured image might be rotated around the optical axis of the camera producing 3D geometric deformation and translations and scaling may also occur. Pixel value distortions are also present. These attacks may cause the loss of synchronization of the watermark and make the detection impossible. Hence, the main objective of the thesis is to develop a watermarking method that is robust to the print-cam attack in the context of an industrial security application for ID images. Fourier transform is used as this watermarking domain has invariance properties against some geometric distortions. Three main correction methods were integrated to deal with print-cam attacks: frame-based perspective rectification of the freehandedly captured images using detection of Hough lines, a Wiener filter to decrease image blurring and reduce noise, and adjustments to reduce color degradations. Results show that the method is highly robust with a total error rate of 1%, compared to a least 25% of errors for other methods. the obtained error rate (1%) is being compatible with the targeted industrial application
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35

LaBonte, Alison Louise. "An investigation of deformation and fluid flow at subduction zones using newly developed instrumentation and finite element modeling." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3259362.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 26, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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36

Brothers, Daniel Stephen. "New insights into North America-Pacific plate boundary deformation from Lake Tahoe, Salton Sea and Southern Baja California." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3379095.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed November 17, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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37

NAKANO, MASAKI, AKIRA ASAOKA, and TOSHIHIRO NODA. "SOIL-WATER COUPLED FINITE DEFORMATION ANALYSIS BASED ON A RATE-TYPE EQUATION OF MOTION INCORPORATING THE SYS CAM-CLAY MODEL." 地盤工学会, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20062.

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38

Schneider, Matthew Scott. "Laser shock compression of copper and copper-aluminum alloys : the slip to twinning transition in high-strain-rate deformation /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3137214.

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39

Smith, Bridget R. "Three-dimensional deformation and stress models : exploring one-thousand years of earthquake history along the San Andreas fault system /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3175274.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2005.
Vita. Accompanied by DVD-ROM titled: San Andreas Fault system Quicktime animations: seismic activity from 1800-2004. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-194).
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Xin, Xudong. "An analytical and numerical analysis of dynamic failure based on the multi-physics involved /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025668.

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41

Price, Evelyn J. "Coseismic and postseismic deformations associated with the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake measured by synthetic aperture radar interferometry /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3035428.

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42

Silva, Matheus Francisco da. "Estudo da estabilização com cal de um solo laterítico e um solo não laterítico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18143/tde-01092016-102359/.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o comportamento de dois solos estabilizados com cal hidratada (CH-III), um solo laterítico (LG´) e outro não laterítico (NG´), coletados de um mesmo local na cidade de Dois Córregos-SP. Para tanto, foram realizados os procedimentos de dosagem de Solo-Cal do Método do pH (ASTM D 6276-99a), que resultou nos teores de 4% de cal, para o solo LG´ e de 6%, para o solo NG´. No programa experimental foram avaliadas as propriedades mecânicas (RCS e RT) originais e após imersão para diferentes dias de cura (0, 7, 28 e 60 dias), após as primeiras constatações, foram realizados complementarmente ensaios mecânicos (módulo de resiliência, MR, e deformação permanente, DP) e de imagens por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) também para tempos de cura diferentes. Os resultados dos ensaios permitiram verificar que (i) a parcela mais importante do ganho de resistência (RCS e RT) devido à adição de cal aconteceu nos primeiros sete dias de cura e após os 28 dias, há uma tendência de estabilização do ganho de resistência, contudo, nenhuma das misturas superou as RCS e RT do solo original; (ii) os resultados dos ensaios de RCS e RT em corpos de prova após imersão só foram possíveis nas misturas solo-cal (a partir de 7 dias) indicando que parcela dessas resistências são atribuídas à cimentação desenvolvida entre o solo e a cal; (iii) os resultados de MR mostraram algum ganho de rigidez dos materiais, o que levou à redução na deformação (DP) em 67% para as mistura com solo LG´ e cal e 52% para as com solo NG´ e cal; (iv) as análises das imagens de MEV mostraram mudanças texturais dos materiais, indicando a ocorrência de reações imediatas da cal com os dois tipos de solo, entretanto, não foram obtidas imagens compatíveis com estruturas que evidenciassem reações pozolânicas. Os resultados desta pesquisa levantam questões sobre o método de dosagem e a possibilidade da cal estar carbonatada. Essas questões evidenciam a necessidade de se desenvolver uma normalização dos métodos de dosagem e avaliação das misturas solo-cal adequados para aplicação aos solos tropicais.
The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of a lateritic (LG´) and a non-lateritic (NG´) soils stabilized with hydrated lime (CH-III). The soils were collected at the same location, nearby the town of Dois Córregos-SP. Thus, the pH method to estimate the soillime proportion (ASTM D 6276-99a) was performed, which resulted in the content of 4% lime for the LG\' soil, and 6% for the NG\' soil. The laboratory tests have assessed the original and immersed mechanical properties (UCS and TS) at different curing periods (0, 7, 28 and 60 days). Complementary tests such as resilient modulus (MR), permanent deformations (DP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also performed at different curing periods. The results have shown that (i) the major part of strength improvement (UCS and TS) due to addition of lime has taken place in the first seven days of curing and, after 28 days, the improvements tend to stabilize; however, none of the admixtures have surpassed UCS and TS values of original soil; (ii) UCS and TS results of specimens after immersion were only obtained in the soil-lime admixtures (after 7 days of curing), this indicates that a portion of these strengths are attributed to cementation developed between soil and lime; (iii) the MR results have presented some stiffness improvement in the materials, which has resulted in reductions of the permanent deformation (DP), about 67% for LG\' soil admixtures and 52% for NG\' soil admixtures; (iv) the analyses of SEM images have shown textural changes in the materials, which depict the occurrence of immediate reactions of the lime for both types of soil, however it was not possible to obtain images presenting structures that could distinguish pozzolanic reactions. The research\'s results lead to questions about the dosage method and the possibility of lime carbonation. These questions highlight the need of developing standards for a soil-lime design method and an admixture assessment applicable to tropical soils.
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43

Amaral, Simonne da Costa. "Estudos de misturas asfálticas densas com agregados do estado do Pará, utilizando asfalto convencional (CAP-40) e asfalto modificado com polímero SBS (BETUFLEX B 65/60)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-07012003-194218/.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as vantagens ou desvantagens de utilizar-se asfalto modificado com polímero em misturas densas com seixo rolado como agregado graúdo. Para o experimento foram moldados setenta e cinco corpos-de-prova com asfalto convencional (CAP-40) e setenta e cinco corpos-de-prova com asfalto modificado (BETUFLEX B 65/60) e avaliados à luz dos ensaios Marshall, fluência por compressão uniaxial estática à 40ºC, resistência à tração por compressão diametral e módulo de resiliência por compressão diametral à 25ºC. Os resultados dos ensaios Marshall e de resistência à tração acusaram um melhor desempenho das misturas com asfalto modificado. As relações MR/'sigma tal' encontradas para ambas as misturas sugerem, a princípio, um melhor comportamento para as misturas modificadas. Os resultados dos ensaios de fluência por compressão uniaxial estática, no que tange à deformação elástica, detectou também uma performance superior das misturas com asfalto modificado em três teores de ligante dos cinco teores analisados, entretanto, para as demais propriedades, deformação total, deformação viscoplástica e módulo de fluência as misturas com asfalto convencional sairam-se melhor.
This research intends to analyze the advantages of hot-mix asphalt mixtures composed by polymer modified binder and gravel in relation to those made with conventional binder. To achieve the objective, there were compacted seventy five specimens with conventional binder and seventy five specimens with SBS polymer modified binder (BETUFLEX B 65/60) and were performed Marshall tests, static creep (40oC) tests, indirect tensile strength tests and resilient modulus by indirect tensile (25oC) tests. The results of Marshall and tensile strength tests showed a better performance of the polymer modified asphalt mixes than that presented by the conventional asphalt ones. The results from the relation of resilient modulus by indirect tensile and indirect tensile strength tests probably showed that the modified asphalt mixes have the best performance. The elastic strains from static creep tests also showed a better performance of the polymer modified mixes in three of the five binder contents, however, the others properties from static creep tests like as total strain, viscoplastic strain and creep modulus showed that the conventional asphalt mixes have the best performance.
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44

Bai, Mo, and Mahabaleshwar Sagar Parampalli. "Accelerated Engine Suspension Load Prediction and Exhaust System Displacement Simulation." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-218029.

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In today’s competitive automotive industry, most companies are trying to make their new designs and features implemented in their products to be ahead of their competitors. However, in the preliminary design stage of CEVT vehicles, dynamic simulation consumes excessive amount of time depending on the complexity of the dynamic model and simulation settings. It is beneficial and possible to shorten the simulation time. This thesis focuses on reducing the dynamic simulation time in ADAMS/Car in engine suspensions’ early development stage. Five simulation time reducing methods, i.e., reducing end time in driver control maneuver, stopping similar simulations, converting specific flexible parts to rigid parts, properly increasing the step size and performing simulation for engine suspension subsystem instead of the full vehicle system, were proposed and investigated separately to study their effects on the simulation time and the accuracy of the fatigue damage results of the engine suspension. With the proper combination of the five methods, total dynamic simulation time was effectively reduced to 61% and the variation of fatigue damage results of each engine suspension component was controlled within 30%. Dynamic modelling of an exhaust system is also included in this thesis and it provides referential data for the packaging design of exhaust system.
I dagens konkurrensutsatta bilindustri försöker de flesta företag att göra sina nya mönster och funktioner implementerbara i sina produkter för att vara före sina konkurrenter. I det preliminära konstruktionsstadiet av CEVT-fordon förbrukar dynamisk simulering dock en stor tid beroende på komplexiteten hos den dynamiska modellen och simuleringsinställningarna. Det är fördelaktigt och möjligt att förkorta simuleringstiden. Denna avhandling fokuserar på att minska den dynamiska simuleringstiden i ADAMS / Car i motorupphängningens tidiga utvecklingsstadium. Med hjälp av bakgrundsstudier och erfarenheter från CEVT’s personal provades fem olika sätt att minska simuleringstiden, samtidigt som simuleringsresultatens noggrannhet kontrollerades. Varje metod användes separat i simuleringen för att studera effekten på resultatens noggrannhet. I slutet kombineras alla metoder i simuleringen för att få bästa möjliga simuleringstid utan att förlora noggrannhet. Genom att kombinera de fem metoderna reducerades den totala dynamiska simuleringstiden till 61% och variationen i utmattningsskadans resultat av varje motorupphängningskomponent kontrollerades inom 30%. Dynamisk modellering av ett avgassystem ingår också i denna avhandling, vilket ger referensdata för framtida förpackningsdesign av avgassysteme
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45

Taira, Claudio. "Avaliação do desempenho em laboratório de misturas asfálticas densas utilizando asfalto convencional (CAP-20) e asfalto modificado com polímero SBS (BETUFLEX B 65/60)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-09052016-111805/.

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Este trabalho teve por objetivo o desempenho de misturas asfálticas densas utilizando um ligante convencional (CAP-20) e o mesmo ligante modificado com polímeros tipo SBS, produzido sob o nome comercial de BETUFLEX B 65/60, através dos ensaios Marshall, fluência por compressão uniaxial estática e dinâmica, resistência à tração por compressão diametral e módulo resiliente pro compressão diametral dinâmica, em misturas compactadas com uma mesma faixa granulométrica e diferentes teores de ligantes. O ensaio Marshall apresentou, para as misturas preparadas com asfalto modificado, valores maiores de estabilidade para a maioria dos teores, apesar de valores elevados de fluência em todos os teores analisados. Os resultados de deformação do ensaio de fluência por compressão uniaxial não distinguiram claramente o efeito da adição de polímeros em misturas asfálticas, ao contrário do observado no ensaio dinâmico, onde as deformações foram consideravelmente menores para a maioria dos teores analisados. Os resultados do ensaio de resistência à tração por compressão diametral mostram um desempenho superior da mistura modificada. O ensaio de módulo resiliente por compressão diametral dinâmica indicou, à temperatura de 25ºC, valores menores para a mistura com asfalto modificado, não sendo notada, entretanto, uma diferenciação de desempenho nas temperaturas de 5ºC e 40ºC. A modelação matemática das curvas de fluência e de recuperação às equações constitutivas de alguns modelos visco-elásticos básicos detectou uma diferenciação entre os valores de alguns elementos constitutivos, tanto do ensaio dinâmico, quanto do estático.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of asphalt mixes using conventional binder and the same binder modified with SBS polymer (Betuflex B 65/60) based on Marshall test, static and dynamic creep tests, indirect tensile strength test and resilient modulus by indirect tensile test, with the same granulometric composition and different binders contents. In Marshall test, polymer modified asphalt mixes presented better stability performance than conventional asphalt mixes in most of binders contents, despite of the higher flow values obtained for all binders contents. The static creep test results indicated that this test does not clearly distinguish the effect of polymer in asphalt mixes while the results of dynamic creep test indicated the opposite, i. e., polymer modified asphalt mixes deformations are smaller for most of the asphalt binders contents studied. The indirect tensile strength test results showed a better performance of modified asphalt. The results of resilient modulus by indirect tensile test at 25°C showed smaller values for modified asphalt, while the results at 5ºC and 40ºC did not show differences between the asphalt mixes. The mathematics modelling of the creep and recovering curves according to constitutive equations of some basic visco- elastic models showed a difference between the values of some constitutive elements in both cases, dynamic and static tests.
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46

Heminger, Michael Alan. "Dynamic Grid Motion in a High-Order Computational Aeroacoustic Solver." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1272550725.

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47

Cao, Shuyun [Verfasser], Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Leiss, Bent T. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hansen, and Franz [Akademischer Betreuer] Neubauer. "Cenozoic tectonic deformation, thermochronology and exhumation of the Diancang Shan metamorphic massif along Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone, southeastern Tibet, China / Shuyun Cao. Gutachter: Bent T. Hansen ; Bernd Leiss ; Franz Neubauer. Betreuer: Bernd Leiss." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1042264902/34.

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48

Gazda, Silvester. "Výpočtové modelování tuhosti záběru ozubených kol." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318524.

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This master's thesis deals with the design of FEM model of gear pair with an intention to find out how stiffness changes during meshing. It firstly describes the necessary knowledge needed to analyse the problem, like the geometry of an involute tooth and evaluation of meshing stiffness. Followed by a description of work procedures from the creation of models through settings of mesh, contacts and analysis to evaluating of results.
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49

Utada, Satoshi. "Effect of a Prior Plastic Deformation during Heat Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Ni-Based Superalloys for Turbine Blade Application Evolution of superalloy for turbine airfoil and development of recycling technology Platinum containing new generation nickel-based superalloy for single crystalline application Tensile, low cycle fatigue and very high cycle fatigue characterizations of advanced single crystal nickel-based superalloys Creep Property and Phase Stability of Sulfur-Doped Ni-Base Single-Crystal Superalloys and Effectiveness of CaO Desulfurization Evaluation and comparison of damage accumulation mechanisms during non-isothermal creep of cast Ni-based superalloys." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ESMA0019.

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Les superalliages monocristallins base Ni sont utilisés pour la conception des aubes de turbines en raison de leur excellente durabilité à haute température. Lors de la production d'une aube de turbine, une déformation plastique (DP)inattendue peut être introduite dans le matériau. Dans cette étude, les matériaux monocristallins ont été pré-déformés entre les traitements thermiques de mise en solution et de revenu pour simuler la DP pouvant être rencontrée lors des étapes de production. Des tests mécaniques sur les matériaux pré-déformés ont été effectués pour comprendre l'effet de cette DP.Au cours des traitements thermiques de revenu du superalliage monocristallin AM1 pré-déformé, un grossissement des précipités γ′ plus rapide et une nucléation accélérée de pores ont été observés à proximité des bandes de glissement introduites lors de la DP à température ambiante. Au cours de la déformation par fluage de l’AM1 pré-déformé dans des conditions de haute température/basse contrainte (≥ 950 °C), les bandes à microstructure grossière sont des sites préférentiels d’accumulation du dommage de fluage induit par diffusion, induisant de la recristallisation et une réduction drastique des propriétés de fluage. Dans des conditions de basse température/haute contrainte (≤ 850 °C), le cisaillement de la microstructure est facilité dans les bandes à microstructure grossière et il réduit également les propriétés de fluage.La recristallisation n'est pas été observée dans des ces conditions de fluage à basse température car les mécanismes diffusifs sont ralentis. Ces résultats ont été confirmés via des essais de fluage sur des matériaux pré-déformés suivant différent chemin de pré-déformation (température, position de la DP dans le cycle thermique…). Le superalliage monocristallin CMSX-4 Plus a été testé de manière similaire à l'AM1 pour comprendre l'effet de la composition chimique. L'effet de la DP sur la microstructure de l'alliage est plus limité pour cet alliage par rapport à celui sur l’AM1. Par conséquent, la pré-déformation n'a pas montré de chute de la durée de vie pour le CMSX-4 Plus à des températures inférieures à 1050 °C. Par contre, pendant le fluage de CMSX-4 Plus à 1150 °C, la pré-déformation a montré un impact spectaculaire sur la durée de vie et la ductilité via les mêmes mécanismes que ceux observés pourl’AM1 à 1050 °C.Afin de régénérer les propriétés des superalliages monocristallins pré-déformés, un traitement thermique de restauration a été ajouté après la DP. Le traitement de restauration a permis de restaurer la microstructure après la DP à température ambiante avec succès, et les propriétés de fluage des matériaux restaurés sont équivalentes à celles de l'AM1 et duCMSX-4 Plus vierges de pré-déformation
Ni-based single crystal (SX) superalloys are used for turbine blade applications because of their high-temperature durability. During the production of a turbine blade, unexpected plastic deformation (PD) can be introduced to the material. In this study, SX materials were pre-deformed in between solution and aging heat treatments to mimic PD during production. Mechanical tests on the pre-deformed materials have been performed to understand the effect of the prior PD.During aging treatments of pre-deformed AM1 SX superalloy, faster coarsening of γ′ precipitates and enhanced void nucleation were observed in the vicinity of slip bands which were introduced by PD at room-temperature. During creep deformation of pre-deformed AM1 at high temperature/low stress conditions (≥ 950 °C), the microstructure coarsened bands act as diffusion induced creep damage accumulating paths, further triggering recrystallization and resulting in drastic reduction of creep properties. At low temperature/high stress conditions (≤ 850 °C), microstructure shearing was facilitated in the microstructure coarsened band and it decreased creep properties. Recrystallization was not observed at lower temperature creep because the diffusion damage was suppressed. These relationships have been explained by creep tests on pre-deformed materials prepared by different pre-deformation temperatures and heat treatment procedures.CMSX-4 Plus SX superalloy was tested similarly to AM1 to understand the effect of the chemical composition. Effect of pre-deformation on alloy’s microstructure was mild in CMSX-4 Plus compared to that in AM1. Therefore, the predeformation did no exhibit large creep life debit in CMSX-4 Plus at temperatures lower than 1050 °C. However, during creep of CMSX-4 Plus at 1150 °C, pre-deformation presented huge impact on creep life and ductility by the same mechanisms as the ones observed for AM1 at 1050 °C.In order to restore properties of pre-deformed SX superalloys, rejuvenation heat treatment was added after PD.Rejuvenation treatment successfully restored microstructure after PD at room-temperature, and creep properties of rejuvenated specimens were shown to be equivalent to that of original AM1 and CMSX-4 Plus without PD
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Castelnau, Olivier. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique de la glace polycristalline par une approche auto-cohérente : application au développement de textures dans les glaces des calottes polaires." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00748169.

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La déformation plastique du monocristaI de glace se produit essentiellement par glissement de dislocations dans les plans de base. Le glissement sur d'autres systèmes ou une éventuelle montée de dislocations basales limite la vitesse de déformation de la glace polycristalline. Dans les glaces des calottes polaires, une orientation préferentielle des axes c se développe au cours de la déformation, induisant une forte anisotropie viscoplastique. Un modèle auto-cohérent viscoplastique (VPSC) est utilisé pour calculer le comportement mécanique de la glace polycristalline et le développement des textures. Les résultats sont comparés à ceux du modèle à contraintes uniformes (borne inférieure) et à déformations uniformes (borne supérieure). Dans les modèles, il est supposé que le monocristal de glace se déforme par glissement basal, prismatique, et pyramidal. La résistance des systèmes de glissement d'un grain in-situ est déterminée à partir de résultats d'essais mécaniques sur des échantillons polycristallins fortement anisotropes. D'après le modèle VPSC, le comportement d'un grain in-situ est semblable à celui d'un monocristal isolé. Ce modèle reproduit parfaitement le comportement expérimental des glaces polycristallines anisotropes. Lorsqu'un polycristal est déformé de telle manière à ce que le glissement basal soit difficilement activé, la direction de la vitesse de déformation est très sensible à la direction de la contrainte, appliquée. De telles conditions de déformation devraient se retrouver dans le voisinage des dômes des calottes polaires. Dans les couches de surface des calottes polaires (zone de grossissement de grains), le modèle VPSC permet d'obtenir une bonne estimation du développement des textures. Dans les glaces plus profondes, on montre que la recristallisation par rotation a une influence significative sur le développement des textures. Une série d'essais mécaniques en laboratoire indique une tendance au comportement newtonien sous de très faibles contraintes.
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