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Journal articles on the topic 'Car deformation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Suzuki, Shintaro, Yutaka Ohtake, and Hiromasa Suzuki. "Fitting CAD data to scanned data with large deformation☆." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcde/qwaa013.

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Abstract Recently, largely deformed simulation models, such as car crash simulations, have been in high demand. To evaluate such models, it is necessary to use actual deformation results to compare and validate them. When measuring actual deformed objects, an X-ray CT is useful because it is non-destructive. However, matching undeformed CAD data and scanned deformation data is difficult. We propose a system for users to set control points or control lines on feature points and predict deformation using affine transformation with the moving least squares method. In the proposed method, undesirable distortions are reduced by evaluating scaling using singular value index and introducing offset control points. The deformed CAD data are obtained by matching predicted CAD data and a polygon mesh generated by deformed CT data. In addition, the surface elements of the generated deformed CAD data are evaluated for CAE.

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Sháněl, Vít, and Miroslav Španiel. "Composite Absorber in Collision Simulations of a Bus." Journal of Middle European Construction and Design of Cars 15, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mecdc-2017-0001.

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Abstract This paper details the numerical modeling of composite absorbers and an assessment of the influence of such deformation elements on a bus during frontal collision with a car. The absorber itself is designed as an assembly of thin-walled composite wound tubes oriented in the vehicle direction of travel. During the impact the tubes are crushed, causing energy absorption. Crash simulations were performed at various speeds using differing scenarios with the deformational member as well as without it. Comparative diagrams of force and velocity of the car and deformation of the bus structure were assessed

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3

HAGIWARA, Ichiro. "Collision-Large Deformation Analysis for Car Vehicle." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 11, no. 41 (1991): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.11.88.

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4

Wróbel, Ireneusz, and Andrzej Graboś. "Numerical compensation of torsional hardening deformations of parts made by hot stamping." Mechanik 91, no. 10 (October 8, 2018): 904–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.10.159.

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The article presents an analysis of hardening deformations for a typical door beam of a passenger car. A calculation model for the hot stamping process of the analyzed beam was developed. Such a model was used to simulate which resulted in hardening deformation and to compensate for these deformations.

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5

Wood, D. P., C. Glynn, and D. Walsh. "Motorcycle-to-car and scooter-to-car collisions: speed estimation from permanent deformation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 223, no. 6 (June 2009): 737–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto1069.

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6

Xing, Yan Yun, Bo Yu, and Fang Qun Yang. "Modeling, Validation and Optimization of Car Side Impact." Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (February 2014): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.43.

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In this paper, a passenger cars side impact CAE model was built with LS-DYNA software according to Chinese New Car Assessment Program (C-NCAP), the model was correlated very well with the test based on the data of B pillar intrusion velocity and the deformation of B-pillar and door intrusion. In order to improve the performance for side impact, the optimization proposal was provided after analyzing the results. It is showed that the side impact performance of the car was enhanced significantly after the optimization implemented.

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7

Gong, Ai Hong, and Ming Mao Hu. "The Analysis and Improvement for Side Impact of Car Body Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 456 (October 2013): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.456.38.

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Based on the finite element (FE) model and Moving Deformable barrier (MDB) model of a car side impact, the virtual test of the side impact was conducted with HYPERWORK software according to Euro-NCAP regulation. Then the impact performance was evaluated in both deformation and response curve of the car body, and the problem of the crashworthiness in designing the side structure was analyzed. Finally, the structure improvement with CATIA for the side crashworthiness was proposed. Keywords: CAE analyze, Side impact, Improvement

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Varkonyi-Koczy, Annamria R., Andrs Rovid, and Maria da Graca Ruano. "Soft-Computing-Based Car Body Deformation and EES Determination for Car Crash Analysis Systems." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 55, no. 6 (December 2006): 2304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2006.873796.

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9

Evtukov, Stanislav, Yaroslav Vasilev, Vseslav Voronin, and Egor Golov. "Differentiating the stiffness of the side of the car." MATEC Web of Conferences 341 (2021): 00035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134100035.

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Expertise on the materials of road accidents (road accidents), calculate the speed of the vehicles involved in the accident by analyzing the resulting deformation damage by the average stiffness coefficients of the vehicle bodies. But this entails the presence of an error in the calculation and, as a result, not a correct result due to the fact that the internal structure of the side of the car is heterogeneous – the stiffness in each of its areas is different. To eliminate possible errors when using the averaged coefficients, the article offers a method for calculating the stiffness coefficients for various areas of the side of cars that have received deformations as a result of an accident.

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10

Wu, Xiu Chun, Guo Hong Tian, and Jie Liu. "Research on Crashworthiness of Car Bumper System." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1274.

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The computer simulation method is used to study the crashworthiness of car bumper system. Firstly, the CAD model of the car and bumper system is established in CATIA. The pre-processing for the model is finished in Hyper-Mesh and the finite element model is established. Then the process of crash simulation is calculated in Pam-Crash. The simulation results are compared with the test results to verify the accuracy of the finite element model. Finally, the low-speed crash simulation of the bumper system is conducted. The crash displacement and deformation of the bumper system are forecast through the process of simulation, which can provide a reference for the next design and improvement.

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Bidos, Volodymyr, Taras Markiv, and Serhiy Solodkyy. "MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CEMENT CONCRETES INCORPORATING GROUND TIRE RUBBER." Theory and Building Practice 2021, no. 1 (June 22, 2021): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2021.01.106.

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This article proves the possibility of replacing aggregates in concrete mixtures with rubber, which is obtained by grinding used car tires. It was found that the replacement of crushed coarse aggregate in the amount of 10 vol.% with ground rubber from used car tires increases the bending strength by 23% The compressive strength does not change significantly. When working in the subcritical stage of deformation (until the macrocrack shifts), concrete with the replacement of the coarse aggregate is preferred, as the energy consumption of which for elastic deformation (We) exceeds the base concrete. Analysis of the supercritical stage of deformation (macrocrack propagation) reveals that the replacement of fine and coarse aggregates negatively affects the value of total energy consumption for local static deformation in the main crack zone (Wl), which is by 1.35 and 1.14 times lower than the control concrete.

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Liu, Wei Min, Chun Guang Lu, and Hao Deng. "Miniature Electric Touring Car Chassis Structure Analysis and Optimization." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.639.

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We finished the miniature electric touring car chassis structure finite element analysis. Mainly for the miniature electric touring car chassis uniform rectilinear driving condition, the distribution of deformation and stress analysis, According to the above data to optimize the chassis structure, and verified the rationality.

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Li, Yuan, and Li Ma. "Residual Deformation Control Design for Car Handbrake Operating Arm Assembly." MATEC Web of Conferences 100 (2017): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201710001012.

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14

Uthayakumar, Dr, Praveen Ilango, Meiyappan A. N, Rama Nathan, Naveen Kumar J, and Manoj Kumar S. "Self-sustaining super car." International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research 1, no. 3 (April 30, 2015): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.7439/ijasr.v1i3.1868.

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There is an ever increasing demand for energy due to the growth of population across the world. This scenario necessitates alternative, efficient and sustainable energy sources to serve the current needs, without affecting abilities to meet future generations needs. Piezoelectricity is a widely researched sustainable energy source. Various forms of piezoelectric materials have been used to harvest the energy from vibration, repetitive strikes and bending of structures. This paper discusses different piezoelectric materials used in tires of commercial vehicles to harvest energy that can be used to charge batteries to power the vehicle and its electric sensors. Different techniques of energy harvesting are explored using the highly bendable piezoelectric elements including PVDF and PZT. The energy harvesting relies on the deformation of tires tread-walls and side-walls when the vehicles weight acts on it. The adopted methods are compared to analyse their effectiveness in terms of power production capacity.

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Krishnamoorthy, Revathi, Monir Takla, Aleksandar Subic, and Derek Scott. "Design Optimisation of Passenger Car Hood Panels for Improved Pedestrian Protection." Advanced Materials Research 633 (January 2013): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.633.62.

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This article presents research motivated by the prospect of imminent implementation of the new regulatory requirement for pedestrian protection GTR9 (Global Technical Regulation9). A new methodology has been developed for optimisation of the hood panel of passenger cars to ensure that the pedestrian Head Injury Criterion (HIC) falls below the threshold values specified by both the GTR9 and the consumer metric, the Australian New Car Assessment Program (ANCAP). To meet the performance criteria for pedestrian protection head impact, it is vital to incorporate the associated design parameters into the hood design process at an early stage. These parameters are architectural in nature whereby changing them later in the vehicle design process would be very expensive and difficult to implement. The developed methodology for the design of a hood configuration aims to provide a robust and homogeneous HIC for different impact positions in the central area of the hood of a large sedan, taking into consideration the limited space available for deformation. The non-linear Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software LS-DYNA was used in this research to simulate the GTR-9/ANCAP pedestrian head impact testing procedures. The efficiency of a hood design was calculated as the ratio of the theoretical optimal deformation of hood assembly for a given value of HIC to the actual deformation calculated for the same HIC value of the corresponding numerical test. The efficiency and HIC value were derived for each configuration and compared to obtain the optimal solution for homogeneous performance and minimal deformation of outer and inner hood panels. The Kriging response surface and the Monte Carlo method were used in the design of numerical experiments. The outcomes of this study provide a clear indication that an optimum configuration of the hood panel of a passenger car can be developed to minimize the hood deformation while meeting the requirement for HIC value.

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Zhang, Zhi Ping, Han Wu Liu, Wen Tao He, and Yong Hui Gao. "Vibration Modal Analysis and Structural Optimal Design of Car Rear-View Mirror Based on ANSYS." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 848–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.848.

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In order to improve the safety of the moving car,we have to make simulation and analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the car rear-view mirror. We should consider, in addition to the geometric dimensions, standards and demands, a reasonable choice of the mirror size and installing position, the dynamic characteristics of the car rear-view mirror in the design of the car rear-view mirror. In this paper, we use the finite element software ANSYS to simulate the vibration frequency and vibration modals of the car rear-view mirror under the condition of excitation sources. Based on this and the strength analysis results of the rear-view mirror, we make a optimal design of the rear-view mirror structure. We get five-order vibration modals in working condition and analysis the size of displacement and deformation, and dynamic characteristics. The results show that because of the low modal frequency, the car rear-view mirror is easily inspired by the engine, powertrain system and road to vibrate. Besides, the deformation and the strain distribution of the rear-view mirror are not uniform. So we should control the low rank flexibility modal frequency within a certain threshold frequency when designing its structure. On the condition of little changes of its overall volume, the maximum equivalent stress of the rear-view mirror decreased by 30.5% through optimizing design.

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17

Vaverka, Ondřej, Daniel Koutny, and David Palousek. "Topologically optimized axle carrier for Formula Student produced by selective laser melting." Rapid Prototyping Journal 25, no. 9 (October 14, 2019): 1545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-07-2018-0171.

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Purpose This paper aims to present the design process, manufacturing and testing of a prototype of an axle carrier for Formula Student race car. The axle carrier is topologically optimized and additively manufactured using selective laser melting (SLM). Design/methodology/approach The shape of the axle carrier was created in three design stages using topology optimization and four additional design stages based on finite element calculations and experimental testing. Topology optimization was performed on the basis of relevant load cases. The sixth design stage was manufactured by SLM and then tested on a loading device together with photogrammetry measurement to obtain the real deformation. Measured deformations were compared with deformation calculated by the finite element method (FEM), verified and experiences used in the last design stage. Findings An additively manufactured axle carrier has a minimal safety factor of 1.2 according to experimental testing. The weight and maximal deformations are comparable with the milled part, although the material has about 50 per cent worse yield strength. The topologically optimized axle carrier proved big potential in the effective distribution of material and the improvement of toughness. Practical implications This paper helps the Formula Student team to enhance the driving performance while keeping low weight. It also improves further development and upgrading of the race car. Originality/value The whole design of the topologically optimized part was investigated – from estimation of the loads to experimental verification of FEM analysis on real part.

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18

Evin, Emil, and Miroslav Tomáš. "Comparison of Deformation Properties of Steel Sheets for Car Body Parts." Procedia Engineering 48 (2012): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.09.493.

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19

Knight, J. J., A. D. Lucey, and C. T. Shaw. "A predictive capability for the aerodynamic deformation of convertible car roofs." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 224, no. 8 (June 7, 2010): 1013–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto1408.

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20

Fomin, O. V., and A. O. Lovska. "Research of the Vertical Dynamics of the Supporting Structures of Freight Cars Made of Round Pipes." Science and Transport Progress. Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport, no. 1(91) (February 15, 2021): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2021/227223.

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Purpose. This study is aimed at determining the vertical dynamics of supporting structures of freight cars made of round pipes. Methodology. Mathematical modeling of the dynamic loading of the supporting structures of the main types of freight cars made of round pipes (gondola car, covered car, flat car, hopper car) was carried out. The studies were carried out in a plane coordinate system – the XZ plane. At the same time, it was taken into account that the car is moving in an elastic-viscous track so that the reactions of the track are proportional to both its deformation and the rate of this deformation. The studies were carried out for the case of empty cars. The joint inequality is described by a periodic function. The calculation was performed at a speed of 80 km/h. Differential equations of motion were solved in the MathCad software package using the Runge-Kutta method. Findings. Based on the mathematical modeling of the dynamic loading of the supporting structures of cars made of round pipes, the main indicators of their dynamics were obtained: accelerations acting on the supporting structures in the mass center, forces acting in the spring suspension of bogies, dynamics coefficients. For gondola car, covered car, and hopper car, the acceleration at the mass center of the supporting structure is within 0.4 g, and for a flat car – 0.5 g. It was found that the obtained indicators of the dynamics of cars made of round pipes are within the permissible limits. The accelerations acting on the supporting structures of cars made of round pipes are almost the same as those obtained for prototype cars. At the same time, the motion of cars is assessed as "excellent" for gondola car, covered car, and hopper car and "good" for flat car. Originality. Mathematical modeling of the dynamic loading of the supporting structures of cars from round pipes was carried out and the main indicators of their dynamics were obtained. Practical value. The research carried out will contribute to the creation of recommendations for the design of supporting structures of freight cars of round pipes, and can also be useful developments in the creation of innovative car designs.

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Xu, Ping, Sisi Lu, Kaibo Yan, and Shuguang Yao. "Energy absorption design study of subway vehicles based on a scaled equivalent model test." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 233, no. 1 (May 17, 2018): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718777371.

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To obtain the characteristics of collision energy absorption and improve the passive safety of subway vehicles, the energy absorption design of subway vehicles was studied based on a one-seventh-scale model crash test. A full-size three-dimensional model of a subway vehicle was established using the multibody dynamics software MADYMO. The simulation results of the dynamics model were scaled down according to the similarity coefficients. By comparing the simulation results with the scaled model test results, the maximum error of deformation was 2.10 and 4.35% for the head car and the maximum deforming middle car, respectively, and the energy absorption error was found to be 8.75 and 5.70% for the head car and the maximum deforming middle car, respectively. The results indicate that the collision dynamics model of subway vehicles is relatively accurate. Next, based on this dynamics model, a full factorial experiment was designed to study the effects of the marshalling, mass and crushing tube’s plastic deformation platform force on the energy absorption of subway vehicles. The calculation results were fitted by multiple linear regression functions. Finally, the authors obtained the crash energy absorption formulas for the subway head car with an accuracy of 98.42% and for the maximum deforming middle car with an accuracy of 95.31%. These formulas can be applied to the preliminary design of subway vehicles and offer guiding significance for the parameter design of subway vehicles’ energy-absorbing devices.

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Yu, Ming, Xue Wu Hong, Zhi Peng Gao, and Si Zhuo Zhao. "Study on Vibration Characteristics for Vehicle Inner Doors." Key Engineering Materials 693 (May 2016): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.693.227.

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It has been easy to deformation for car doors which opened and closed parts of a vehicle to withstanding various loads. Not only affected the car's appearance and degree of opening, but also deformation increased when subjected to collision. Therefore, it is great significance to internal board dynamic design of the car safety through dynamic analysis of the key pieces of the door to access to inner door panel features. In the paper, the method based on the calculation mode is proposed to analyses the dynamic characteristic of the car doors. The modal analysis of the inner door panel is respectively the inner door panel and the circumference of the fixed constraint on the free-state. The modal parameters and the mode shapes are calculated through finite element analysis. According to these FEM calculating results, the low-order natural frequencies and modal vibration shapes of the inner door panel are computed and identified on the two states. On the basis of these modal parameters, the faults of the inner door panel are shown and its weak points of the design are illustrated. The reason for deformation is analyzed and relevant measures employed to reduce faults are proposed. These improvements can guarantee the normal work of the tool cutter.

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23

Saidakberova, Iroda, Sirojiddin Yadgarov, Bobomurod Qurbonov, and Zulfiya Pulatova. "Influence of climatic conditions on the occurrence of wheel track deformation on asphalt paved roads." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 02028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126402028.

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When the car moves, a vertical, longitudinal and transverse dynamic force is generated, where there is a link between the road cover and the wheel. Repeated loads from vehicles and the impact of climatic factors lead to deformation in the pavement and pavement of the road. In deformation and deformation, the geometric dimensions and durability of the road pavement are lost. Disturbances-loss of dimensions and loss of durability of parts of the construction is understood. In practice, all types of deformation and distortion are often regarded as a drawback of road conditions [1].

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Tomáš, Miroslav, Juraj Hudák, Dagmar Draganovská, and Peter Ižol. "Verification of Tin Car Body Production by Unconventional Stamping Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 693 (December 2014): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.693.364.

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The contribution deals with verification of tin car body production using single action experimental stamping die. Two methods of car body production were verified - the first one used open die made of tool steel and the second one used closed die made of tool steel with Fibroflex at the bottom of the die. The tin steel sheet TS 245 with thickness 0.28 mm had been used for the car body production. The shapes of pressings were evaluated using the photogrammetric 3D measuring system ARGUS. The ARGUS optical system allowed evaluating the wall thickness change and the deformation on the surface of pressings as well. These values had been compared for both method of the tin car body production.

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Chen, Hui, Jinlong wang, Xiaqi Zhang, Chengdong Yuan, and Zhenyu Chi. "Static Analysis and Topological Optimization of Steering Block for Mining Shuttle." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 04031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123304031.

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Taking the steering block of mine shuttle car as the research object, a three-dimensional solid model of the steering block of mine shuttle car is established by SolidWorks. Based on ANSYS Workbench, the total deformation and stress of the steering block of Mine shuttle car under tension are obtained. According to the boundary conditions, the steering block is optimized by topology optimization, and the steering block is optimized by the results of topology optimization, and finally verified by static analysis. The results show that the mass of the optimized steering block is reduced by 11.7%. This study provides a reference for comprehensive performance analysis and optimization of Mine shuttle car steering block.

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Lv, Qiong Ying, Yu Shi Mei, Bing Jia, and Xi Jia Tao. "Thermal Deformation Analysis of a Magnetic Climbing Wall Car Frame Based on the ANSYS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601 (August 2014): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.526.

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In order to ensure the magnetic wall-climbing car which is applied to installation and maintenance of wind power work normally, the ambient temperature will cause the formation of "expansion and contraction", to avoid that affects the accuracy and performance of the equipment, thermal deformation analysis of its frame should be conduct. Using ANSYS to carry on the finite element analysis of the magnetic wall-climbing car frame. The material of the frame is steel 45, which have heat treated. That can get a better toughness, ductility and wear resistance. Then import the three-dimensional model of the frame to the ANSYS software, select the frame tetrahedral meshing method. Its first thermal analysis, and then add the static structural analysis. Solving the frame at-50°C, 50°C thermal deformation, the biggest overall deformation change between-0.89636mm and 0.34858mm. which less than one-thousandth of the maximum overall length is 1750mm of the frame, and meet the design requirements.

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Ary, Angga Kengkongan, Yuwana Sanjaya, Aditya Rio Prabowo, Fitrian Imaduddin, Nur Azmah Binti Nordin, Iwan Istanto, and Joung Hyung Cho. "Numerical estimation of the torsional stiffness characteristics on urban Shell Eco-Marathon (SEM) vehicle design." Curved and Layered Structures 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cls-2021-0016.

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Abstract Shell Eco-Marathon (SEM) is an international competition among university students that involves designing, building, and driving energy-efficient cars. The car frame is the most crucial aspect influencing the strength of the car. This research aims to obtain maximum torsional strength with variations in the material and thickness of the frame. Calculation and testing are done using the simulation method to obtain a strong car frame. This simulation method is calculated by a series of finite element analyses. Then, data from the simulation method are obtained in the form of deformation and safety factors. By comparing the moment received with its deformation, torsional stiffness is then obtained. Furthermore, the torsional stiffness is divided by the weight to produce a value ratio. It is known that the factor which has the most significant influence on the difference in torsional stiffness of each variation is the shear modulus of the material used. In contrast, the weight of the chassis is influenced by the density of the material and the thickness of the chassis. Additionally, the safety factor of each variation is strongly influenced by the strength of the chassis structure itself. The results of this study will demonstrate the car frame design with the best performance.

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Panyam, Meghashyam, Beshah Ayalew, Timothy Rhyne, Steve Cron, and John Adcox. "Experimental Measurement of In-Plane Rolling Nonpneumatic Tire Vibrations Using High-Speed Imaging." Tire Science and Technology 47, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.18.470101.

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ABSTRACT This article presents a novel experimental technique for measuring in-plane deformations and vibration modes of a rotating nonpneumatic tire subjected to obstacle impacts. The tire was mounted on a modified quarter-car test rig, which was built around one of the drums of a 500-horse power chassis dynamometer at Clemson University's International Center for Automotive Research. A series of experiments were conducted using a high-speed camera to capture the event of the rotating tire coming into contact with a cleat attached to the surface of the drum. The resulting video was processed using a two-dimensional digital image correlation algorithm to obtain in-plane radial and tangential deformation fields of the tire. The dynamic mode decomposition algorithm was implemented on the deformation fields to extract the dominant frequencies that were excited in the tire upon contact with the cleat. It was observed that the deformations and the modal frequencies estimated using this method were within a reasonable range of expected values. In general, the results indicate that the method used in this study can be a useful tool in measuring in-plane deformations of rolling tires without the need for additional sensors and wiring.

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Evin, E., M. Tomáš, J. Graban, and M. Tóth. "Analysis of the galvanised steel sheets resistance to corrosion after plastic deformation." Koroze a ochrana materialu 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kom-2016-0018.

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Abstract Nowadays, number of customer and environmental requirements are laid to the automotive industry. These are related to safety increase, the weight and emission reduction as well as the life-time improvement. The article presents the way to improve the corrosion resistance of the car-body components when coated steel sheets are used based on Zn-Al-Mg coatings. Thus, the life-time of the car-body is improved. Samples with conventional Zn coating and samples with advanced Zn-Al-Mg coatings were deformed by stretching and 3-point bending to 90° and 180° tests. Consequently, the samples were exposed to salt spray in the corrosion chamber. Time to red corrosion appearance and adequate percentage of corroded surface was evaluated. The results showed the better corrosion protection of Zn-Al-Mg coatings when compared to the conventional Zn coating.

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Shao, Heng, Ping Xu, Shuguang Yao, Yong Peng, Rui Li, and Shizhong Zhao. "Improved Multibody Dynamics for Investigating Energy Dissipation in Train Collisions Based on Scaling Laws." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3084052.

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This study aimed to investigate energy dissipation in train collisions. A 1/8 scaled train model, about one-dimensional in longitudinal direction, was used to carry out a scaled train collision test. Corresponding multibody dynamic simulations were conducted using traditional and improved method model (IMM) in ADAMS. In IMM, the connection between two adjacent cars was expressed by a nonlinear spring and energy absorbing structures were equivalently represented by separate forces, instead of one force. IMM was able to simulate the motion of each car and displayed the deformation of structures at both ends of the cars. IMM showed larger deformations and energy absorption of structures in moving cars than those in stationary cars. Moreover, the asymmetry in deformation proportion in main energy absorbing structures decreased with increasing collision speed. The asymmetry decreased from 11.69% to 3.60% when the collision speed increased from 10 km/h to 36 km/h.

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Grigoriev, S. N., N. M. Bobrovskij, I. N. Bobrovskij, P. A. Melnikov, and A. A. Lukyanov. "Environmental Aspects Of The Green Surface Plastic Deformation Technology Of Car Parts." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 50 (January 2017): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/50/1/012015.

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Shorokhov, S. G., O. I. Bondarenko, and V. A. Lebedev. "Modeling of nonlinear shock deformation of passenger car bodies with emergency exits." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1399 (December 2019): 022054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1399/2/022054.

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Esmaeili, Farid, and Hamid Ebadi. "Determination of Car Body Deformation due to Collision Using Close-Range Photogrammetry." Journal of Geospatial Information Technology 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jgit.6.1.117.

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Chen, Wei Lai, Lin Yan Wan, and Wei Hong Zhan. "Study on Elongation Properties of Car Roof Interior Fabric." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.36.

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Elongation properties of car roof interior fabric were studied in this article.The FM02-11 type universal material testing machine was employed to test the static and dynamic elongation properties of warp knitted napped fabric 1,2,3,warp knitted fabric 1,2,pile composite fabric A1,A2,A3 and sponge composite fabric C1,C2,C3,C4. The results indicated all can meet the general standard for car interior ceiling fabric.According to the dynamic elongation, the bigger the deformation ratio, the better the formability.

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Zhu, Tao, Shou-Ne Xiao, Guang-Zhong Hu, Guang-Wu Yang, and Chao Yang. "CRASHWORTHINESS ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF METRO VEHICLES CONSTRUCTED FROM TYPICAL MATERIALS AND THE LUMPED PARAMETER MODEL OF FRONTAL IMPACT." Transport 34, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2019.7552.

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This paper establishes a Finite Element (FE) model of a rigid barrier impact of a single vehicle constructed from carbon steel, stainless steel, and aluminum alloy, which are three typical materials used in metro vehicle car body structures. The different responses of the three materials during the collision are compared. According to the energy absorption, velocity, deformation and collision force flow characteristics of each vehicle, the relationship between the energy absorption ratio of the vehicle body and the energy absorption ratio of its key components is proposed. Based on the collision force flow distribution proportion of each component, the causes of the key components’ deformation are analysed in detail. The internal relationship between the deformation, energy absorption and impact force of the key components involved in a car body collision is elucidated. By determining the characteristic parameters describing the vehicle’s dynamic stiffness, a metro vehicle frontal impact model using lumped parameters is established that provides a simple and efficient conceptual design method for railway train safety design. These research results can be used to guide the design of railway trains for structural crashworthiness.

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Artyomov, Nikolay, Mikhail Podrigalo, Aziz Abdulgazis, and Umer Abdulgazis. "Determination of output-input ratio of mobile machine wheeled mover." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 02101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822402101.

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The output-input ratio of a car wheel depends on power losses induced by tyre deformation. Wheel static, kinematic and dynamic radii depend on the tyre deformation radii and, consequently, predefine the mover output-input ratio. This article proposes a method to asses an instantaneous output-input ratio of a wheeled mover as a ratio between a wheel kinematic radius and dynamic radius on the basis of the analysis of the previously conducted research.

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Horvath, A., Z. Csik, J. Sukumaran, P. Neis, and M. Ando. "Development of brake caliper for rally-car." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 3, no. 3 (November 6, 2012): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v3i3.20574.

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We have succeeded to work out a designing-controlling-manufacturing process bywhich it can be manufactured a given special brake calipers with extremely short transit time. We havedealt with elaborating such finite element background during working out the process in which the newconstructions can be simulated to deformation reliably. We have reached this by creating suitablematerial models and boundary conditions which we identified after manufacturing the prototype. Wehave also established a separate model-system for optimizing the brake pad beside the caliperopening, based on which the optimal piston diameter and its position can be determined, too. Thebasic standpoint was the proper change following at developing the process because of the CADCAE-CAM-CNC systems and their proper connections.As a result of this system the rally brake calipers can be made quickly, reliably and economically fordifferent racing cars.

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Yu, Hao, Dong Hong Kim, and Dong Won Jung. "Study on Improving the Degree of Size Precision of Rack Tube." Advanced Materials Research 1016 (August 2014): 814–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1016.814.

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The tube is a significant machine part in a car.It provides the important contact and fixed functions during the steering of a car. An inaccurate tube size cannot provide steering stability. For example, if the difference in diameter between the front and back of a tube is very large, the car moving at high speeds will be to swing, although steering would still be possible. A car can be made safer at high speeds by controlling the difference between the front and back diameters of the tube. High temperature welding of various parts to the tube, heats the tube almost 2,000°C, so the consequent deformation of the tube must be controlled.

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Kubiak, Przemysław. "Work of non-elastic deformation against the deformation ratio of the Subcompact Car Class using the variable correlation method." Forensic Science International 287 (June 2018): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.03.033.

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Zhong, Xiao Qin, Shao Kuan Chai, Ting Hu, and Gang Shi. "Study on Deformation Inspection System of Car Seat Frame Based on Virtual Instrument." Applied Mechanics and Materials 442 (October 2013): 544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.442.544.

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An automatic deformation inspection system of car seat frame based on virtual instrument is invented and applied in real production. The hardware configuration, software modules, inspection and control theorem and application example are introduced. The system is easy to use with sound real-time performance, stability and high accuracy.

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Albiez, Christoph, Mathias Liewald, Andreas Görres, and Jochen Regensburger. "Enhanced Requirements for Surface Quality of Outer Car Body Shells According to Thermal Manufacturing Processes." Key Engineering Materials 473 (March 2011): 957–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.473.957.

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Challenging automotive design in the interaction of modern lightweight strategies to reduce car body weight as well as legislative regulations, impose higher requirements for future car body development. This trend leads to thinner sheet metal blanks and indicates higher requirements for narrow process windows in the entire manufacturing process to ensure the surface quality of outer shell panels. Especially, thermal loads within the coating process might cause local shape deviation in the startup phase of a new product. Further developments in multi-material-design for car body components induce material configurations with a complex deformation behavior due to different thermal expansion characteristics of the materials involved. For these reasons, there is a need to improve the prediction of the surface quality in the early car development process using numerical simulation methods. The influence of process parameters affecting the surface quality is shown and integrated into the process simulation.

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Сунцов, A. Suntsov, Ефименко, A. Efimenko, Сунцов, and N. Suntsov. "ON THE MECHANISM OF OCCURRENCE OF THE MAIN TONE OF OSCILLATIONS IN THE ELASTIC ROLLING OF A TYRE." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 2, no. 2 (December 17, 2015): 599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19421.

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The article describes the mechanism of occurrence of basic tone mechanical vibrations of rolling elastic wheels of the car, which is involved in the creation of noise in the cabin of the car. Sound vibrations occur in the rolling elastic wheels. They appear as a result of vertical deformation of the tyre in the contact zone. Oscillations are quasi-harmonic. Period T = 2 t = 2 L / V. the oscillation Frequency is equal to V/L. 2 the Formula to determine the forced vibration frequency of the surface elastic tires can be used in practice.

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Jung, Dal Woo, and Nak Sam Choi. "Fracture Characteristics of a Hybrid Composite Joint Beam for the Tilting Car Body under Static and Fatigue Transverse Loads." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 2681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.2681.

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Fatigue fracture behavior of a hybrid joint beam for the tilting car body was evaluated in comparison to the case of static fracture. Specimen beams of the hybrid joint part attached in the real tilting car body were fabricated for the bending test. Characteristic fracture behaviors of hybrid joint beam specimens under cyclic transverse loads were very different from the case under static loads. Static transverse load caused shear deformation and fracture in the honeycomb core region, while cyclic transverse load brought about delamination along the interface between composite skin and honeycomb core layers as well as fracture of the welded joint. Fracture characteristics obtained by the transverse fatigue tests were reflected for improving the hybrid joint structure in the real tilting car body.

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Grigoriev, Sergey N., N. M. Bobrovskij, I. N. Bobrovskij, Aleksey A. Lukyanov, and Abdumalik Rakhimovich Seitkulov. "Testing of External Cylindrical Surfaces of Car Parts after Wide Burnishing Processing." Key Engineering Materials 746 (July 2017): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.746.126.

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The hyper productive surface plastic deformation processing technology called as wide burnishing (WB) was developed in Russian Federation. The mechanics of new WB technology is different from the classic SPD technologies (rolling or burnishing). For example applied force during processing of burnishing is 150-300 N, of WB is 2500-5000 N due to condition of process implementation in mass production with limited processing time (3-4 turnovers of workpiece). WB also has a high degree of deformation due to a multiple deformation passes. The requirement to develop the methodology for testing “Gland neck parts of the car LADA processed by various methods” was caused by the fact that the previously carried out bench tests do not reproduce the real surface of necks shafts working in pair with lip seals. As well there was no methodology for measuring the value of the gland neck wear and the maximum value of the wear grooves was defined of 1.0 mm. Specimens reproducing gland neck in two of the most critical parts were tested: flange of cardan shaft mounting to the drive shaft of the gear box made of steel 40 and crankshaft made of high-strength cast iron 75-50-03 of LADA car. Test results of specimens made of steel 40 presented the surface roughness parameter Ra = 0.06 microns after burnishing and Ra = 0.28 microns after polishing. The test results were measured on profilograph and were obtained the following data: the width of the grooves wear was 936 microns with burnishing and 1152 microns with polishing, depth was 2.16 and 4.94 microns respectively. Size of cross-sectional area of specimen’s groove wear with burnishing - 1090 um2, with polishing - 2848 um2.

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Brezinová, Janette, Juraj Koncz, Miroslav Tomáš, and Ján Slota. "Corrosion Behaviour of Automotive Steel Sheets Depending on the Degree of Deformation." Key Engineering Materials 635 (December 2014): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.635.57.

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This paper presents the results of research aimed to measuring the corrosion properties of automotive steel sheets. The degree of deformation influence to the corrosion properties of the steel sheet for car body parts has been proven by the modern methods of corrosion monitoring such as Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. Corrosion rate was assessed using electrochemical methods in 0.1 M solution of NaCl. Experimental studies have pointed out if degree of deformation increases the corrosion rate of the steel sheet increases as well.

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46

Grajcar, Adam, Aleksandra Kozłowska, Santina Topolska, and Mateusz Morawiec. "Effect of Deformation Temperature on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon High-Mn Steel." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7369827.

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This work addresses the influence of deformation temperature in a range from −40°C to 200°C on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a low-carbon high-manganese austenitic steel. The temperature range was chosen to cope at the time during sheet processing or car crash events. Experimental results show that yield stress and ultimate tensile strength gradually deteriorate with an increase in the tensile testing temperature. The dominant mechanism responsible for the strain hardening of steel changes as a function of deformation temperature, which is related to stacking fault energy (SFE) changes. When the deformation temperature rises, twinning decreases while a role of dislocation slip increases.

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47

Deepak, S., A. Vasanthanathan, and P. Nagaraj. "Finite Element Modelling and Simulation of Train Car Body Structure Using LS-Dyna^®." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.270.

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This article emphasizes on finite element modeling and simulation of train car body structure in order to ensure a crashworthy structure. Crashworthiness is a principal parameter to be considered to be taken into account in case of design of train car body structure. The present paper deals with the development of virtual prototype with energy absorption capabilities. The train car body structure with trapezoidal core has been modeled using SOLIDWORKS® software. The entire crash simulation in the present study was done by using LS-Dyna® Explicit finite element software. The crash analysis of train car body over a rigid concrete wall was numerically simulated at three different speeds viz. 60 km/hr, 90 km/hr, 120 km/hr. In every crash analysis, the stress plot and history of deformation from the developed virtual prototype. The simulation of the rail vehicle collision presented in this article is based upon the standard specified in crashworthy section of Technical Standards of interoperability. The dynamic numerical simulation of two train car bodies with equal velocities has also performed using LS-Dyna®.

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Albeverio, Sergio, Daniil Proskurin, and Lyudmila Turowska. "On *-representations of a deformation of a wick analogue of the car algebra." Reports on Mathematical Physics 56, no. 2 (October 2005): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0034-4877(05)80069-2.

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49

AL-Yoonus, Murthad, Aqeel Adel Yaseen, and Mustafa Zuhaer Nayef Al-Dabagh. "Deformation Detection and Classification system for Car parts Products Using Image Processing Algorithms." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 518 (June 5, 2019): 042006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/518/4/042006.

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Lashlem, A. A., Dzuraidah Abd Wahab, Shahrum Abdullah, and Che Hassan Che Haron. "Impact Performance of Low Carbon Steel Safety Beams for Car Doors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 165 (April 2012): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.165.247.

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This paper presents impact behaviour and energy absorption response of car door safety beams. Low carbon steel of thickness 2.25 mm, designed into four different shapes of, tube-beam, I-beam and II-beam were used in this experiment to study the effect of impact load on the crash characteristic of the door beams in terms of load bearing and attenuation of energy. The tube-beam is the conventional beam commonly used in cars today. The reason propelling the investigation of other beams is to draw a parallel comparison with the conventional tube beam and possibly obtain an optimised design in terms of impact absorption capability. Masses of impactors used in the impact load simulations were 10 kg, 20 kg, 30 kg, 40 kg and 50 kg at an impact speed of 30 km/h. Analysis were carried out on all samples focusing on energy absorption and deformation characteristics of the beam structures using Pam CrashTM finite element analysis software. Results from this studies indicated that the II-beam design is better than the other beams in terms of the energy absorption and deformation. The proposed II-beam design may be able to prolong the useful life of passenger car door.

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