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Journal articles on the topic 'Car engine'
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1
Rokhmawati, Endang Dian, Irna Farikhah, Ummi Kaltsum, et al. "Numerical Study on the Effect of Mean Pressure and Loop's Radius to the Onset Temperature and Efficiency of Traveling Wave Termoacustic Engine." Automotive Experiences 3, no. 3 (2020): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ae.v3i3.3881.
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The thermoacoustic engine can be a device to convert waste heat energy in the engine car become useful energy such as for charging battery in car or Air conditioner of the car. This work can be done by experimentally and numerically. There are some parameters that have an impact on the performance of the engine. They are geometry of the engines, working fluid, and mean pressure. The performance of the engine depends on the efficiency and the heating temperature. In the car, waste heat energy is not high enough. Therefore, we need to utilize the low heating temperature to be converted into useful energy. This study contributes to numerically the effect of mean pressure and loop’s radius of the regenerator on the onset temperature and the efficiency of traveling wave thermoacoustic engines. The application that is used to solve numerical problems is fortran95. There are two codings that are used in fortran95. They are stability limits and efficiency codes. The lowest onset temperature that achieved is 153˚C with efficiency up to 38.1% that can be reached when the mean pressure is 4.0 MPa and the loop's radius is 5 cm. This result indicated that we can use low heating temperatures from waste heat of engine car to turn on electronics equipment inside the car.
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Sjah, William Surya, Ben Rahman, Djarot Hindarto, and Alessandro Benito Putra Bayu Wedha. "Diagnostic on Car Internal Combustion Engine through Noise." SinkrOn 8, no. 2 (2023): 1128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v8i2.12392.
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Internal Combustion Engines are known for their unique sound characteristics. Through these sound characteristics, an experienced car mechanic will be able to diagnose the type of engine damage just by listening to the sound. This reduces the need to disassemble components to pinpoint machine faults which also contributes to a significant reduction in overall repair time. The main aim of this paper is to build a process to identify faulty machines through engine noise analysis with visual data to determine machine faults at an early stage. By capturing various types of engine sounds, data visualization uses healthy engine sounds and broken engine sounds obtained from cars as well as various types of broken engine sounds that are usually found in vehicles. This audio data will be used in audio signal processing combined with a linear regression classification algorithm. Visualization data can distinguish various types of sounds that are commonly found in damaged or damaged engines such as clicks, ticks, knocks and other types of sounds to determine the types of damage that are usually found in internal combustion engines. The data used comes from Kaggle, which is public data which is widely used as general data for data science activities. Visually, data from vehicle engines can be seen from the data on which car brand is the best in terms of sound. The results using linear regression show the R-squared score (R^2) or also called the coefficient of determination reaching 91.95%.
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Zinko, Roman, Oleh Polishchuk, and Ewa Kuliś. "Vehicle diagnostic system of the car engine." MATEC Web of Conferences 351 (2021): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202135101014.
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Support of the established technical characteristics of engines is reached by its regular service and diagnostics in particular - existence of the diagnostic programs built in the onboard computer of the car which carry out constant control of the main parameters of the engine.Based on the algorithm of vibroacoustic diagnostics, a system of vibration and vibroacoustic diagnostics of the internal combustion engine (ICE) is proposed, which can be integrated into the intelligent environment of self - diagnostics of the car (Check - Engine). The algorithm takes into account the normalized parameters and criteria for assessing the vibration state: the absolute values of displacements, velocities and accelerations and their changes.For the self-diagnostic system, it is important to develop a classifier of engine states also to determine and / or predict the failure of its parts or units. Engine vibrations can be attributed to the following types: imbalance of the 1st and 2nd order of the engine; vibration associated with combustion in the engine; auxiliary units.The analysis of a vibroacoustic signal at work of the serviceable and faulty engine is carried out, influence of various elements of a design, placement of the gauge in horizontal and vertical directions is shown on it.
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Gao, Fengquan, Quan Jin, and Tianyi Zhao. "Performance comparison between traditional engines and various alternative engines." Applied and Computational Engineering 3, no. 1 (2023): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/3/20230412.
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The automobile engine is a device that converts the chemical energy of fuel into mechanical energy. In all parts of the car, the engine, as an important component, has an important impact on the working performance and life of the car. In recent years, it has caused many scholars to research the automobile engine. Since James Watt first modified the steam engine, the development of the engine has involved major issues. It is of great significance and value to carry out the research and analysis of automobile engines. This paper will introduce three different engines, namely internal combustion engine, hybrid engine and hydrogen fuel cell. It will compare the performance, service life, working principle and their advantages and disadvantages respectively, and give a detailed overview of the current development status of automotive engines at home and abroad and predict their future development trend. It is worth noting that electricity plays an increasingly important role in modern engines. As a clean energy, the introduction of electricity can not only reduce the emission of harmful gases, but also improve the performance of the engine. Therefore, the electrification of automobile engine will be an inevitable trend. The research in this paper will provide reference for the development of automotive engines.
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Hnatov, Andrii, Shchasiana Arhun, Hanna Hnatova, and Pavlo Sokhin. "Conversion of a car from an ICE into an electric car." Vehicle and electronics. Innovative technologies, no. 21 (June 29, 2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/veit.2022.21.0.1.
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Problem. The advantages of the electric car (EV) are well-known – it is environmentally friendly, quiet and the most important feature is a radical reduction in the cost of operating the EV compared to a conventional car with an internal combustion engine. Cost savings are due to the fact that its "refueling" comes from a conventional electrical outlet. No need to periodically change engine oil, filters, belts and other consumables. Also, you will spend less time and money on maintenance. So, by converting traditional cars from internal combustion engines to EVs, you are making your best and real contribution to improving the ecological space around you. Goal. The goal is conducting a study on the conversion of the car from the internal combustion engine to the EV with the calculation of the payback period of the converted car. Methodology. Analytical methods of research on the methods of conversion of traditional cars from internal combustion engines to EV were used as well as the physical methods of calculating the action of forces acting on the car and determining the speed of its movement. Also, the methods of experimental research and mathematical methods of processing and modulation of the obtained results and the methods of calculating technical and economic indicators were used. Results. The study was conducted on the conversion of the car from an internal combustion engine to an EV. The main elements of re-equipment were considered. The analysis was carried out and the sequence of actions on definition of power of the electric motor for the electric car was offered. The calculation of economic indicators of car conversion on the basis of ZAZ "Sens" in EV was performed. The results of the calculation show that in the 3rd year of operation of the converted car the cost of conversion will be reimbursed. Originality. On the example of ZAZ "Sens" the power of the traction motor for its conversion into EV was calculated. The graphical dependence of the traction motor power on the EV speed was constructed. The calculations and the dependence of the power of the traction motor on the road slope when moving EV at a certain speed were performed. Practical value. Conversion of cars from internal combustion engines to EV is expedient and economically advantageous for companies engaged in various services for the delivery of goods within the city. Also, it is beneficial to companies and firms engaged in car rental. But here it should be borne in mind that a well-developed charging infrastructure is required within the city.
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FAISAL, M. E. DH ALDHAHI. "Car Cooling System." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 11 (2022): 1279–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7450329.
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A vehicle's cooling system is responsible for maintaining an optimal operating temperature in the engine. System components include the radiator, water pump, thermostat, and ventilation fans. A coolant Recovering Tank is a reservoir that stores extra fluid in the event of an engine overheating. The coolant should be at the "cold" mark when the engine is cold. Adding an expansion tank to a standard radiator only requires a little increase in total coolant volume. High-quality radiator hoses need to be regularly inspected and maintained. Extreme heat causes the rubber in the hoses to harden and fracture. Core plugs are used to fill the holes created during production. They are spherical pieces of metal sheeting with holes in the center. When the heater core fails, the rest of the cooling system can't function properly. The gearbox cooler acts similarly to an internal radiator, only it transfers heat to the radiator's coolant rather than the surrounding air. The fan will be installed in the space between the radiator and the motor to ensure optimal cooling airflow for a vehicle's engine. Engine water pumps are susceptible to cavitation, which increases the likelihood that air bubbles may enter the antifreeze. Cavitation is less likely to occur in a welldesigned engine cooling system as the coolant temperature decreases. The thermostat prevents unnecessary engine wear and emissions by facilitating a rapid warm-up. The thermostat's primary function is to allow the engine to reach operating temperature rapidly and maintain that temperature. The opening temperature for most thermostats is 180 degrees Fahrenheit or 82 degrees Celsius. Overheating may result if the airflow is blocked, as in this scenario. The efficiency of a car's engine depends heavily on its cooling system.
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Šarkan, Branislav, Ondrej Stopka, Mária Chovancová, Iwona Rybicka, and Larisa M. Kapustina. "Research of individual factors affecting the engine power while a passenger car operation." Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 82, no. 4 (2018): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am.vol82.art11.
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Power of any kind of a car engine is considered to be one of the basic factors in order to choose or assess vehicles equipment or its appropriateness. It influences several operation properties including car maximum velocity, car acceleration, etc. A car producer shall issue the data about an engine power of a car in a form of its technical attributes, nevertheless an engine power specification is also stated in a car registration certificate. Engine power may be defined as the maximum engine output at given revolutions of an engine, i.e. maximum engine power. In most of cases of cars operation, various situations may occur in order to specify the maximum engine power value. This study addresses the issue of determining individual factors affecting the engine power while a passenger car in operation, i.e. testing the engine power on the single roller bench and related particular analysis.
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Zubenko, Bohdan, Oleksiy Vasyliev, Ivan Rohozin, and Maksym Skoryk. "Development prospects of the rotary combustion engine as a car power unit." Academic journal Industrial Machine Building Civil Engineering 2, no. 59 (2022): 41–47. https://doi.org/10.26906/znp.2022.59.3098.
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The article briefly describes the main advantages and disadvantages of a rotary combustion engine as a car power unit and considers the option of improving the engine performance specifications due to the use of hydrogen as a fuel. Analyzing the researches, it was established the possibility of hydrogen rotary combustion engines safe work and improvement of the fuel mixture combustion indicators. Hydrogen rotary engines have been found to have low emissions. A scheme for integrating the hydrogen injection system into the design of a rotary internal engine is proposed. The operation of the apex seal between the rotor and the engine block was studied by modeling. It is reasonable to assume that rotary engines equipped to run on hydrogen fuel in the future can potentially be used as car power units, but today their design still needs further technological improvement.
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Wang, Meng-Hui, and Pi-Chu Wu. "Fault Diagnosis of Car Engine by Using a Novel GA-Based Extension Recognition Method." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/735485.
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Due to the passenger’s security, the recognized hidden faults in car engines are the most important work for a maintenance engineer, so they can regulate the engines to be safe and improve the reliability of automobile systems. In this paper, we will present a novel fault recognition method based on the genetic algorithm (GA) and the extension theory and also apply this method to the fault recognition of a practical car engine. The proposed recognition method has been tested on the Nissan Cefiro 2.0 engine and has also been compared to other traditional classification methods. Experimental results are of great effect regarding the hidden fault recognition of car engines, and the proposed method can also be applied to other industrial apparatus.
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V, Sakhno, and Dykich O. "TO THE COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF FUEL ECONOMY OF THE BTR-70 CAR WITH DIFFERENT TRANSMISSION." National Transport University Bulletin 1, no. 50 (2021): 198–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2021-3-50-198-209.
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The article considers the issue of choosing a gearbox for the modernization of the BTR-70 by replacing two gasoline engines with two diesels. The object of research is the fuel economy of the BTR-70 car with different gearboxes when replacing two gasoline engines with two diesels. The purpose of the work – to determine the type and gear ratio of the transmission, which provides the best fuel efficiency of the car. Research method - mathematical modeling. When replacing a gasoline engine with a diesel of a different power and a different speed range, it is necessary to determine the gear ratio so as to provide the car with the required level of speed properties in the specified operating conditions with minimal fuel consumption. Due to the fact that the modernization of the BTR-70 involves the replacement of the engine and transmission, the further search for the gearbox was carried out on the basis of analysis of existing structures by the maximum torque of the engine. A five-speed and eight-speed MAZ gearbox and a six-speed Mercedes-Benz G 85-6 / 6.7 gearbox were used for analysis. Taking into account the fact that at a given coefficient of drag = 0.03 the car can move only in direct gear, then for all gearboxes the fuel characteristics of steady motion will be the same as the control fuel consumption, which was 30 l / 100 km. In terms of fuel consumption during the acceleration of the car and the average kilometer fuel consumption when driving on paved roads, preference should be given to a car with a Mercedes-Benz G 85-6 / 6,7 transmission and only when driving in difficult road conditions, preference should be given to the car with 8-speed MAZ-5335 transmission. KEY WORDS: CAR, ENGINE, FUEL ECONOMY, TRANSMISSION, GEAR RATING, SPEED, COMPARATIVE EVALUATION
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Koszalka, Grzegorz, and Paweł Krzaczek. "Energy Losses Related to Ring Pack Wear in Gasoline Car Engine." Energies 15, no. 24 (2022): 9570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249570.
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Decreasing production and rising prices of cars, especially those with electric drive, lead to longer use of cars with internal combustion engines. It can be assumed that in the future, more and more cars powered by such engines with high mileage and therefore high wear will be used. Engine wear leads to reduced efficiency and increased emissions. This paper analyzes the impact of wear of the piston–rings–cylinder system components on energy losses associated with gas leakage from the combustion chamber and friction of the rings against the cylinder liner in a car spark-ignition engine. A ring pack model was used for the analyses. The input data for the simulation were gained in measurements made on the engine test stand and measurements of the wear of the engine components used in the car. The energy losses associated with blow-by in an unworn engine ranged from 1.5% of the indicated work at high load to almost 5% at low load. In the engine after 300,000 km, these losses increased to 2.5% and 7.5%, respectively. Ring friction losses in an unworn engine ranged from 1.5% at high load to 9% at low load. The effect of wear on these losses was smaller. They increased by only 0.1% at high load and 1% at low load.
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Goyal, Pratik, Sumedha Fegade, Damini Dabhilkar, and Sharmila Petkar. "Fault simulator of car engine." International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) 9, no. 1 (2019): p8589. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.9.01.2019.p8589.
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Nutu, C., C. Pana, N. Negurescu, A. Cernat, and R. Georgescu. "Hydrogen fuelling a passenger car spark ignition engine for a cleaner environment." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1303, no. 1 (2024): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1303/1/012019.
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Abstract The tightening of the restrictions on polluting emissions in the last decade and the possibility of the disappearance of the internal combustion engine in the field of transport must motivate the researchers in the field of internal combustion engines to find new solutions to fuel the spark ignition engine, aiming to reduce the negative impact of polluting emissions on the environment. Unconventional fuels represent a very good choice to fuel the spark ignition engines, based on their excellent combustion properties and hydrogen stands out among them. This paper presents experimental results of fuelling a car spark ignition engine with mixtures of gasoline and hydrogen. The experimental investigations have shown an improvement in the combustion process of the engine, a reduction in the energetic fuel consumption, an increase in the brake thermal efficiency and a decrease in the pollutant emissions level.
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Smolkin, Kirill Anatolyevich, Pavel Petrovich Gamayunov, and Sergey Alexandrovich Alekseev. "CHANGING THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF PASSENGER CAR ENGINES UNDER OPERATING CONDITIONS." SCIENTIFIC LIFE 19, no. 3 (2024): 434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2024-19-3-434-442.
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This study presents the results of collecting and analyzing statistics on the wear of pistons of budget-class passenger car engines during active operation. The devices and methods of collecting experimental data on the wear of the cylinder-piston group of engines are described. The main ones were: measuring piston wear in four projections with a micrometer MK-100 GOST 6507-90 with a measurement error of ± 0.005 mm and measuring the compression properties of engines with a compressor, the latter showed low accuracy of displaying the technical condition according to the results of the study. The purpose of the study was to verify the effectiveness of common methods of diagnosing internal combustion engines, as well as to identify the dependence of wear on the frequency of oil change, the design features of the engine lubrication system (the presence of oil nozzles cooling pistons). As a result of the study, the inefficiency of the diagnostic method by measuring compression with various devices was revealed, since when the cylinder-piston group wears out with simultaneous wear of the rubber seals of the valves, the oil acts as an additional seal in the engine cylinder and "masks" the actual compression index of the internal combustion engine. In addition, the results of the study confirmed the effectiveness of the presence in the design of the lubrication system of piston cooling oil injectors designed to supply oil when a certain pressure in the lubrication system is reached to a more loaded cylinder wall and piston bottom – based on the revealed fact, it becomes possible to make recommendations on the refinement of the engine design during major repairs at automobile enterprises, service stations by introducing oil injectors into the engine block, which will lead to an increase in the life of the cylinder-piston group and longer trouble-free operation of the engines.
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Kaminsky, Nikita S., Pavel R. Gosteva, Olga G. Mikhailova, and Sergey M. Ugai. "INVESTIGATION OF RESIDUAL PROPERTIES OF TREATED CAR ENGINE OIL." International Journal of Advanced Studies 13, no. 3 (2023): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2227-930x-2023-13-3-115-129.
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The lubricating properties of motor oils are of great importance for the normal operation of the crank and gas distribution mechanisms of the engine. In the cylinder-piston group, where the greatest friction forces and loads occur, as a result, the quality of engine oil directly affects the resource of the internal combustion engine (ICE). Of no less importance is the constant presence of a reliable oil film in the contact zone of the support and connecting rod necks of the crankshaft with sliding bearings. In addition to the operating time, the parameters are influenced by external environmental factors, operating conditions and the residual life of the engine at the time of oil filling. Factors affecting the operation are important for the study of oils in order to provide information about the quality of oil and the condition of the car in conjunction with these indicators. To derive oil indicators, it is required to conduct laboratory tests using special equipment in order to give more accurate information about the quality of the engine oil under study.
 Purpose. Determination of the residual oil life and its effect on the mechanisms of the car engine during operation.
 Method or methodology of work. The article used laboratory studies using existing instruments.
 Results. The most informative parameters showing the residual resource of motor oils and their effect on the internal combustion engine are obtained.
 The scope of the results. The obtained results should be used when working with vehicles that use engine oil and premature identification of cause-and-effect relationships during the repair of internal combustion engines.
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Nowak, Paweł. "INVESTIGATION OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF A NEW SYNTHETIC LUBRICANT FOR PASSENGER CAR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES." Tribologia 294, no. 6 (2021): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8335.
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The subject of the article is a synthetic lubricant for the latest generation internal combustion engines, used especially in passenger cars, equipped with both spark ignition engines and compression ignition engines, which is used in particular in passenger cars operating in urban conditions, overcoming relatively short distances, and therefore working usually below the recommended operating temperature of the engine. The developed 5W30 oil maintains excellent rheological properties (fluidity) also before reaching the correct operating temperature of the engine, especially at negative temperatures, which results in lower oil pump resistance and reduced friction of key engine components, which ensures better engine working conditions and affects its service life.
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Gritsenko, Alexandr, Vladimir Shepelev, Semen Fedoseev, and Tatyana Bedych. "INCREASE IN THE FUEL EFFICIENCY OF A DIESEL ENGINE BY DISCONNECTING SOME OF ITS CYLINDERS." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 21, no. 4 (2023): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume210914002g.
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In fuel economy, a rising level of interest in heavy duty diesel engines that industry has witnessed over the last few years continues to go up and this is not likely to change. Lowering the fuel consumption of all internal combustion engines remains a priority for years to come, driven by economic, legislative, and environmental reasons. According to statistics, the share of operating expenses to ensure transport operations in industrial production is 15-20%, wherein 16-30% of the total volume of transport operations concerns a car, tractor, and trailer. During transport operations, the engine load by the torque, in most cases, does not exceed 40-50%. The paper investigates the increase in fuel efficiency of cars and tractors by disconnecting some of the engine cylinders operated in low-load and idling modes. The research has led to the establishment of the theoretical dependencies between the effective power, engine efficiency, mass of the transported cargo, speed of the car (tractor) and the number of disconnected engine cylinders. Results of experiments suggest the interdependencies of the performance parameters of the car (tractor) when disconnecting some of the engine cylinders. It has also been established that the maximum reduction in the hourly fuel consumption occurs in the idling mode while it decreases along with an increase in the load.
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Magats, Myron, Zenoviy Goshko, Yuriy Vagula, and Anatolii Uzhva. "Research of the modernized intake system of the gasoline engine." Automobile transport, no. 49 (December 24, 2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/at.2019-8342.2021.49.0.08.
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Problem. In recent years, Ukraine has seen a sharp decline in ambient temperature, especially in the winter. Accordingly, this has a negative impact on the performance of car engines (difficult to start and prolonged warm-up), as the lion's share of private sector cars are parked in open areas and are subject to sudden temperature and humidity changes. Therefore, to partially solve this problem, our attention was focused on the air lines of the intake system of the gasoline engine, as this system is easily accessible and does not require significant design changes for its modernization. Goal. The purpose of the work is to ensure the ease of starting the gasoline engine and reduce the time to warm up. Methodology. Operation of the car in the conditions of the lowered temperatures, essentially promotes deterioration of its fuel economy. The basis of such a negative process of fuel consumption is incomplete combustion of the working mixture. And this is the deterioration of spraying and evaporation of fuel and increasing the duration of engine warm-up. At such low ambient temperatures, the effective operation of the car in a garage depends significantly on the method of its preparation (which should at a minimum cost of fuel and energy resources to ensure rapid and reliable engine start and accelerated warm-up). We decided to obtain thermal energy to heat the inlet air at no additional cost. This is the installation of a gasoline engine with a spark ignition of the incandescent coil in the intake air line, which will receive power from the battery. Such modernization of the system does not require major design changes and significant financial investments Unresolved issues remain to assess the effectiveness of the process of heating the air entering the combustion chamber of the engine to create a working mixture. It should be noted that the optimal heating of the engines is most appropriate to carry out (ie heating the coolant and oil in the engine lubrication system) not to the temperature of the operating thermal mode, but to the temperature that ensures its reliable start. Results. The scheme of connection of a heater of intake air in an onboard electric network of the car is presented. The results of the heat balance of the studied gasoline engine (using cold and heated air flow) during its heating are obtained. The optimum temperature of the warmed-up engine at which further economical operation of the car is possible is established. Originality. This spiral heater was first used to heat the intake air charge during the start-up and warm-up of a gasoline engine. Practical value. The developed heating equipment can be used for both gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines. It should be switched on only during engine start-up and warm-up.
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Podrihalo, Mykhailo, Volodymyr Krasnokutskyi, and Serhii Vakhniuk. "ASSESSMENT OF VIBRATION RESISTANCE OF MOTOR-TRANSMISSION UNITS OF A VEHICLE WITH TWO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI». Series: Automobile and Tractor Construction, no. 1 (June 19, 2024): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-6840.2024.1.10.
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The paper analyzes research on improving the energy efficiency of cars with two independent motor-transmission systems by matching the transmission parameters and engine operating modes. When using two identical powertrains, each driving the wheels of one side of the car, there is no problem of equalizing efficiency, since both engines operate in the same mode. There is also no problem with determining the part of the mass driven to the crankshaft of one engine, since the driven mass is divided in half between both engines. The problem arises when two engines are installed on a car with their own transmissions that drive different groups of axles of the car. To achieve this goal, we determined the distribution of the mass of a gradually moving vehicle between two parallel oscillating systems and the cyclic elastic efficiency of the motor-transmission system of a car with two parallel internal combustion engines controlling different groups of axles. As a result of the study, the condition for obtaining the maximum value of the elastic-dynamic cyclic efficiency of a motor-transmission system with two engines installed in parallel was determined. This condition is met due to the equality of the elastic-dynamic efficiencies of the motor-transmission systems of the first and second engines.
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Hu, Bo, James WG Turner, Sam Akehurst, Chris Brace, and Colin Copeland. "Observations on and potential trends for mechanically supercharging a downsized passenger car engine:a review." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 4 (2016): 435–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016636971.
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Engine downsizing is a proven approach for achieving a superior fuel efficiency. It is conventionally achieved by reducing the swept volume of the engine and by employing some means of increasing the specific output to achieve the desired installed engine power, usually in the form of an exhaust-driven turbocharger. However, because of the perceptible time needed for the turbocharger system to generate the required boost pressure, a characteristic of turbocharged engines is their degraded driveability in comparison with those of their naturally aspirated counterparts. Mechanical supercharging refers to the technology that compresses the intake air using the energy taken directly from the engine crankshaft. It is anticipated that engine downsizing which is realised either solely by a supercharger or by a combination of a supercharger and a turbocharger will enhance a vehicle’s driveability without significantly compromising the fuel consumption at an engine level compared with the downsizing by turbocharging. The capability of the supercharger system to eliminate the high exhaust back pressure, to reduce the pulsation interference and to mitigate the surge issue of a turbocharged engine in a compound-charging system offsets some of the fuel consumption penalty incurred in driving the supercharger. This, combined with an optimised down-speeding strategy, can further improve the fuel efficiency performance of a downsized engine while still enhancing its driveability and performance at a vehicle level. This paper first reviews the fundamentals and the types of supercharger that are currently used, or have been used, in passenger car engines. Next, the relationships between the downsizing, the driveability and the down-speeding are introduced to identify the improved synergies between the engine and the boosting machine. Then, mass production and prototype downsized supercharged passenger car engines are briefly described, followed by a detailed review of the current state-of-the-art supercharging technologies that are in production as opposed to the approaches that are currently only being investigated at a research level. Finally, the trends for mechanically supercharging a passenger car engine are discussed, with the aim of identifying potential development directions for the future. Enhancement of the low-end torque, improvement in the transient driveability and reduction in low-load parasitic losses are the three main development directions for a supercharger system, among which the adoption of a continuously variable transmission to decouple the supercharger speed from the engine speed, improvement of the compressor isentropic and volumetric efficiency and innovation of the supercharger mechanism seem to be the potential trend for mechanically supercharging a passenger car engine.
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Polcar, Adam, Vojtěch Kumbár, and Jiří Čupera. "Alcohol Fuel in Passenger Car." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 3 (2016): 863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664030863.
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The present article studies the effects of combustion of high-percentage mixture of bioethanol and gasoline on the output parameters of a passenger car engine. The car engine has not been structurally modified for the combustion of fuels with higher ethanol content. The mixture used consisted of E85 summer blend and Natural 95 gasoline in a ratio of 50:50. The parameters monitored during the experiment included the air-fuel ratio in exhaust gasses, the power output and torque of the engine and also the specific energy consumption and efficiency of the engine. As is apparent from the results, E85+N95 (50:50) mixture combustion results in lean-burn (λ > 1) due to the presence of oxygen in bioethanol. The lean-burn led to a slight decrease in torque and power output of the engine. However, due to the positive physicochemical properties of bioethanol, the decrease has not been as significant as would normally be expected from the measured air-fuel ratio. These findings are further confirmed by the calculated energy required to produce 1 kWh of energy, and by the higher efficiency of the engine during the combustion of a 50% bioethanol mixture.
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Simonyan, A., R. Balayan, and E. Karapetyan. "MODE OF INCREASE OF EFFECTIVE POWER OF THE ENGINE ZMZ-4063.10 WITH THE COMBINED FEED SYSTEM." Znanstvena misel journal, no. 72 (November 21, 2022): 15–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7340683.
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Re-equipment of gasoline engines with gas-balloon installations leads to losses of their useful power. One way to correct this shortcoming is to increase the compression ratio of the engine by replacing the engine head gasket, crankshaft and engine piston. The paper presents a method for calculating the increase in the compression ratio of the ZMZ-4063.10 engine, by reducing the thickness of the engine head gasket and increasing the piston strokes, which will increase the effective engine power, and hence the traction and speed qualities of the car.
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Zhang, Chang Hao, and Yun Qi Chen. "Analysis and Exploration for Automotive Engine Vibration Signal." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 1230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.1230.
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In Modern society, most of car engines are multi cylinder four stroke engines, rotate speed is an important parameter of the engine, engine running status is a comprehensive expression of engine operation condition. It is also the result of the interaction by the gas torque, load torque and inertia moment. So the speed measurement is of great significance. Car engine speed measurement method has a lot of kinds, this article is based on the vibration method to measure, different methods used in vibration signal acquisition, analysis, processing and implementation. The vibration of the automobile engine output signals are continuous changes over time, we can say is a continuous signal. The vibration of the automobile engine output signals are continuous changes over time, we can say at this time is a continuous signal, when we use vibration sensor to gather the signals, a certain number of sampling points that are in different time, same time interval the vibration data resulting from the sampling theorem. At this time we deal with discrete time signals [1, 3]. Because of various vibration interference, The useful information we want to extract has been hidden in a lot of vibration under the disturbance signal, therefore, we carried out on the vibration signal analysis and processing, converting vibration wave in the frequency domain analysis, combining the new method of machinery vibration signal feature extraction, using short time Fourier transform, multiple correlation theory and Hilbert Huang transform combined with the application, making us in post-processing can extract the characteristic signal under the strong noise background [4]. The original signal frequency is obtained, based on related formulas to calculate car engine speed.
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SOLTIC, Patrik, Thomas HILFIKER, Richard HUTTER, and Severin HÄNGGI. "Experimental comparison of efficiency and emission levels of four-cylinder lean-burn passenger car-sized CNG engines with different ignition concepts." Combustion Engines 176, no. 1 (2019): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-104.
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Today’s passenger car CNG engines are based on petrol engines which typically have restrictions preventing the exploitation of the full potential of methane based fuels, especially if they have to be operated also on petrol as a second fuel. Additionally, the use of three-way-catalysis limits the engine operation to λ = 1. Here, we present the efficiency potential and the raw emission characteristics for a dedicated four cylinder passenger car CNG engine without sticking to the usual combustion peak pressure and λ limitations. Lean com-bustion reduces the knocking tendency but, because of the higher pressure levels, increases the ignition energy demand. Therefore, dif-ferent ignition systems (spark plug, prechamber, Diesel pilot) have been used.
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Kindratskyy, Bohdan, Roman Litvin, and Oleksiy Osmak. "Influence of vehicle acceleration intensity on dual-mass flywheel elements and transmission load." Transport technologies 2022, no. 1 (2022): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/tt2022.01.065.
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Modern high-torque low-speed internal combustion engines (ICEs) generate torsional vibrations close in disturbance frequency to gearboxes natural oscillation frequencies. Effective absorption of such oscillations requires a new torsional vibration damper between the internal combustion engine and gearbox design, which is implemented in the form of a dual-mass flywheel (DMF). One of the main reasons for DMF failure is its spring components destruction. The article develops mathematical and simulation (in MATLAB Simulink environment) model of a car with DMF in the period of starting, which takes into account the dependence of torque and power of the internal combustion engine on the number of the crankshaft revolutions and uneven rotation, car inertial and stiffness parameters, road resistance. It is established that when the car starts in first gear, the maximum load on spring components of DMF and transmission occurs at the initial moment of clutch engagement and exceeds the maximum effective torque of the internal combustion engine 1.6 times, has a pronounced oscillatory character and stabilizes as the car accelerates. With smooth acceleration of a car, when torque of internal combustion engine reaches, but does not exceed its maximum value of 250 N‧m, elastic moment in transmission components is stabilized at 230 N‧m. During intensive acceleration and transition through the extremum on torque curve of internal combustion engine on number of crankshaft revolution, the maximum DMF spring components and transmission load initially doesn’t change significantly, but reduces the duration of oscillatory processes and elastic moment of 160 N·m after attenuation of oscillations. A similar nature of stress changes is observed in the elastic links of DMF, which eventually leads to their fatigue failure and DMF failure. To increase a DMF service life, it is advisable to accelerate a car when moving intensively, bringing a number of revolutions to a value that is located at the extreme of torque of internal combustion engine on its performance characteristic, followed by switching to the next gear.
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GRABOWSKI, Łukasz, Paweł KARPIŃSKI, and Damian RUDZIK. "Study on operating load of the compression ignition engine." Combustion Engines 168, no. 1 (2017): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-127.
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Operation of car engines definitely shows varied values of parameters such as crankshaft speed or load. This paper presents the research and results on load and crankshaft speed in a compression ignition engine. Therefore, the research focused on an operation of a passenger car under urban and non-urban conditions. Our NI Diadem Analysis-based research referred to the data acquired by an OBD-II system. The results obtained enabled some layered charts to depict a frequency of operating states as specified by engine load and speed as well as histograms of these parameters in individual rides. Our investigation showed that operating conditions have an impact on engine operating states. In urban conditions, our engine operated within the range of 700-2000 rpm but idle was more than 50% of the time and load in most cases was not higher than 20%. In non-urban conditions, our engine operated within the range from 700 to 3000 rpm and load was up to 70%.
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Taryma, Stanisław, Grzegorz Ronowski, Krzysztof Brzozowski, Łukasz Lichota, Marcin Miotk, and Paweł Miodoński. "Duomoto sport car with two-strolled transmission systems." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 9 (2018): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.310.
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The sports car, powered by two engines, designed and built by a team of four graduates of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at the Gdańsk University of Technology is prezented. One (engine) of them was placed at the front of the vehicle. It transmits the torque to the wheels of the front axle through a combined system. The second engine, located at the rear of the vehicle, in the same way transmits the drive torque to the wheels of the rear axle. The car named Duomoto was built on the basis of two Volkswagen Golf GT. It was subjected to road tests. The test results and conclusions are included in this article.
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Deryabin, Igor. "Localization of car engine noise sources." E3S Web of Conferences 376 (2023): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337604015.
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The engine of a vehicle, particularly a passenger car, is one of the main sources of noise radiated into the environment and creates a noise load in residential areas, which has a negative impact on people. Experts in the field of acoustics perform computational and experimental acoustic studies both at the design stage, and at the stage of putting into production and directly operating the engine as part of the car to reduce engine noise. An important stage of acoustic research is the localization of the most intensely radiating noise of systems, mechanisms, nodes and engine parts. The article presents the results of experimental studies on localization of internal combustion engine noise sources of a LADA car.
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Gamayunov, Pavel Petrovich, Shamil Magomedovich Igitov, Abakar Adamkadievich Abakarov та Ali Abakarovich Abakarov. "ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ОПТИМАЛЬНОЙ ПЕРИОДИЧНОСТИ ЗАМЕНЫ МОТОРНОГО МАСЛА МЕТОДОМ ЭКСПРЕСС-ДИАГНОСТИКИ СОСТОЯНИЯ МАСЕЛ". SCIENTIFIC LIFE 18, № 1 (2023): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2023-18-1-97-107.
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Currently, the task of optimizing car maintenance intervals for various operating conditions is urgent. To do this, it is necessary to conduct research to justify the frequency of car maintenance through mileage or time interval. At the same time, the service intervals (period, mileage) may differ for different elements of the car. The use of modern diagnostic tools (external and built-in) allows you to assess the technical condition of units, components and operational materials and perform routine maintenance, in particular, oil change, according to the actual condition, and not by mileage or time interval. This helps to increase the resource of aggregates and save financial resources by optimizing the maintenance interval of cars. In this paper, the authors analyzed car maintenance systems in Russia and abroad, in particular, the frequency of oil change of passenger car engines in Europe, Asia and the USA. The features of the operation of vehicles in difficult and difficult conditions, including in mountainous terrain, are considered. The analysis of the main factors affecting the quality of engine oil and, accordingly, the frequency of oil change is given. In the article, based on the conducted research and analysis of the issue, recommendations have been developed for replacing oil in car engines according to its condition for various conditions of the Republic of Dagestan (RD). The use of external and built-in diagnostic tools to assess oil quality allows you to calculate the recommended engine oil replacement interval. As a result of the conducted research on a certain number of cars, recommendations have been developed to determine the optimal engine oil replacement period for various operating conditions in the region.
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Yu, Shiqi, and Yijia Zheng. "Differences in the Torque Speed between Electric and Internal Combustion Engine." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 29 (January 31, 2023): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v29i.4566.
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In the 21st century, it is quite modish to buy a high-performance car, and the performance of the car can be closely related to the engine, the acceleration, the efficiency, and it is also related to the engine, and these two kinds of factors can also be linked to the new notion is known as pressurization, so that is the reason why the manufacturer foster so many high technologies to make the air with higher pressure. There are four types of engines for cars discussed in this paper, turbocharged, supercharged, naturally aspirated and harmonic. A brief introduction to torque will also be given, including the concept of torque, the relationship between drive force and torque, and other knowledge of torque. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of engines will be discussed and there will be a summary of choices for a private car around comfort, economy and safety.
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Butkus, Algis, Saugirdas Pukalskas, and Zenonas Bogdanovičius. "THE INFLUENCE OF TURPENTINE ADDITIVE ON THE ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF DIESEL ENGINES." TRANSPORT 22, no. 2 (2007): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2007.9638103.
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After Lithuania's accession to the EU it is very important to use a larger amount of renewable fuel. Based on economic and environmental considerations in Lithuania, we are interested in studying the effects of turpentine contents in the blended turpentine‐diesel fuel on the engine performance and pollutant emission of compression ignition (CI) engine. Therefore, we used engine test facilities to investigate the effects on the engine performance and pollutant emission of 5 % turpentine in the fuel blend. The tests were carried out in the laboratory on an engine dynamometer of the car Audi 1Z and tractor D21 diesel engines. The experimental results showed that turpentine used in the fuel blend for these diesel engines had a positive influence on the engine performance and exhaust emission.
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Lešnik, Luka, Nejc Mlakar, Ignacijo Biluš, and Breda Kegl. "THE OPTIMIZATION OF A RACE CAR INTAKE SYSTEM." Journal of Energy Technology 10, no. 3 (2024): 11–23. https://doi.org/10.18690/jet.10.3.11-23.2017.
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This paper deals with the optimization of a race car intake system in order to increase engine power output. The goal of optimization was to test how different lengths of intake trumpet influence air mass flow, pressure fluctuations and, consequently, the obtained engine-rated power and torque. Six trumpet lengths were tested using the 1-D AVL BOOST simulation program. The obtained numerical results of engine-rated power and torque were compared with the information obtained from the engine’s manufacturer. The results of optimization indicate that the length of the intake trumpet significantly influences pressure fluctuation in the test engine intake system. At specific trumpet lengths, pressure fluctuation can help to increase air mass flow per engine cycle, which consequently influences engine-rated power and torque. It was found that shorter intake trumpets have an influence on a higher engine-rated power when operating at higher engine rotational speeds. Longer trumpets increase engine-rated torque at lower engine rotational speeds but decrease engine power at higher speeds. For the needs of competition, high peak engine power is desired, so the trumpets with 60 mm length were selected as optimal, because they have the highest peak engine power output at the desired engine speed.
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Mamasoliyev, Bunyodbek Ismoilov Sarvar Abdusattarov Nodirbek Arabboyev Rasul Boqiyev Otabek. "ELIMINATION OF NOISY OPERATION OF DAMAS REAR SUSPENSIONS." SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM 1, no. 4 (2022): 59–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7196741.
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Modern cars use engines that are relatively small in size and mass, and generate high power due to their high speed. However, the torque generated on the shafts of these engines (if this torque is transmitted directly to the driving wheels of the car without changing it) is not enough to drive the car in different road conditions. To drive the car, increasing the torque on its leading wheels is partly done with the help of a gearbox. But the car moves in the right gear with a relatively high speed during operation. So, in the correct transmission, the torque on the engine shaft would be transmitted to the leading wheels without changing, that is, not enough to drive the car [1].
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Pischinger, F. F. "The Diesel Engine for Cars—Is There a Future?" Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, no. 3 (1998): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818194.
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The diesel engine is known as the most fuel efficient combustion engine. Its acceptance for use in passengers cars, however, varies geographically. Today, the diesel car plays an important role in Europe; in France, for instance, it is achieving a remarkable market share of about 42 percent, while in the US its market penetration can be neglected. Many questions are expressed concerning the future of diesel powered cars. The question affecting market acceptance is as follows: can the significantly better fuel efficiency of a diesel car outweigh perceived detrimental characteristics? Such unfavorable properties are thought to be low specific power, objectionable noise, higher exhaust emissions (including smoke), and higher vehicle price. These features are closely influenced by the state of passenger car diesel engine technology. This technology state and its potential must be evaluated with respect to current and future demands, for instance, tighter exhaust emission regulations. In addition, the commercial value and consumer acceptance of high fuel economy must be evaluated. It is clear that the ultimate result of weighing the pros and cons will depend not only on technological factors, but also on political factors such as fuel taxation. Regarding the state of technology, the diesel car is very promising. First, by employing a direct injection combustion system, the fuel efficiency can be improved by about 15 percent over current swirl chamber engines. Furthermore, the specific power (hp/ltr) can be increased by efficient supercharging to achieve values of today’s gasoline engines. By tuning the combustion system, low noise engine design features and incorporation of careful noise reduction measures on the vehicle, the noise behavior of a spark ignited vehicle can be reached. Exhaust emissions can currently be reduced to a level to satisfy today’s European and US Tier 1 emission limits. However, significant development effort remains. More stringent emission levels (California US, Tier 2 ULEV, and Stage 3 in Europe) require further advancements in diesel combustion. The strong development potential of 4-value engines and new unique injection systems is evident. In addition, there are promising developments with lean NOx catalysts and regenerative particulate filters. These technologies offer the potential to meet the very stringent future emission standards. It is anticipated that the sophisticated technology needed to meet these standards will make the future diesel car more expensive compared to a gasoline fueled vehicle. This raises the issue of what price will the consumer pay for the higher fuel economy of a diesel car. In light of the worldwide rapid increase in passenger car population and of the dwindling oil reserves and their global distribution, the fuel efficient diesel engine will play an important role in the future of passenger cars.
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Bakyt, Gabit Bakytuly, Kalmanbet Shalbayev, Seidulla Abdullayev, and Sabit Mazhitov. "HYDROGEN GENERATOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE." Journal of Applied Research and Technology 21, no. 4 (2023): 535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.4.1963.
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The test of the hydrogen generator on the internal combustion engine of the car is considered in the work. In the machine, HHO and fuel are jointly burned to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. Numerous studies prove the undeniable advantage of using a car using a hydrogen generator compared to traditional fuels. The use of a lean combustible mixture in internal combustion engines reduces the volume of exhaust gases and increases thermal efficiency. Experimental results show that by adding KOH with a concentration of (35-50 g/l) to the cell, fuel consumption can be reduced (8.4-43.6%), and exhaust pollutant emissions are reduced. Thus, adding hydrogen to an internal combustion engine can reduce fuel consumption and vehicle exhaust emissions.
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SAIKI, Akio, and Mitsumasa IKEDA. "722 The trial stirling engine car." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2007.45 (2007): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2007.45.279.
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Kumar, Rohit, Vivek Dhakar, Lavish Gupta, and Hariom sharma. "A REVIEW ON HYDROGEN ENGINE CAR." Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Optimization 14, no. 01 (2023): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36893/jnao.2023.v14i1.0028-0035.
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Markina, A. A., and L. A. Pochuev. "Elaboration of the concept of a car with a hybrid power plant." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 3 (2022): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2022-3-33-42.
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Residents of large cities suffer greatly from air pollutants, a significant proportion of which is accounted for the road transport. In order to solve this issue, car manufacturers are upgrading internal combustion engines, designing alternative engine units. This article analyzes various modern engine units, highlights their strengths and weaknesses. Statistical data demonstrating the growth of production and sales of electric and hybrid vehicles in Russia and abroad are presented. Cars equipped with traditional internal combustion engines (ICE) have unique advantages and today make more than 99 % of the global fleet. Based on the analysis, a scheme of a hybrid power plant (HPP) was formed, combining the components of engine units of electric vehicles and internal combustion engines. The main elements of installation and their layout in the car are described. A schematic diagram of transmission is presented, its components are listed and their operation is described. The HPP scheme was developed within the framework of the concept of a motor vehicle corresponding to the trends of modern automotive industry. At the same time, such cars provide the opportunity of sport driving experience, have good dynamic performance.
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Matsumoto, Kenji, Hideharu Koga, and Yuji Mihara. "Wear Properties of Car Engine Shaft in Actual Engine Environment." SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants 8, no. 1 (2015): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0686.
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Andrizal, Rivanol Chadry, and Ade Irma Suryani. "Embedded System Using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) myRIO and LabVIEW Programming to Obtain Data Patern Emission of Car Engine Combustion Categories." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 2, no. 2 (2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.2.2.50.
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Engine scanner unit is a tool used by mechanical power to know the condition of car engine combustion at the time of tune up process done. The level of elements and compounds that dominant in determining categories of combustion of gasoline fuel car engines through the levels of elements and compounds contained in exhaust emissions are Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Oxygen (O2). Complete combustion category produces maximum power, fuel efficiency and emission levels according to the threshold. This occurs when there is a balance of the amount of fuel, airflow and ignition in the engine combustion chamber. Elements and compounds contained in car exhaust emissions can be detected with sensors that are sensitive to elemental levels and these compounds are HC, CO, CO2, and O2 sensors. This study aims to display the data pattern category of combustion engine through exhaust emissions based on multi sensor detection processed with signal processing system in the form of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) process. Furthermore, data pattern is performed in accordance with the category of combustion engine detected. The system is designed with embedded system using Field Programable Gate Array (FPGA) myRIO and LabVIEW programming. The results in the test displays the data pattern and the comparison test of the reference data pattern with the data pattern of the detection result. The comparison test result of data pattern similar to 87% complete engine combustion category and similar to incomplete combustion category 90%.
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Popov, Dmitrij, Ivan Simakin, Stepan Agarkov, and Nikolaj Goryachev. "TECHNICAL CHALLENGES IN THE TRANSFER OF CARS TO GAS ENGINE FUEL AND WAYS TO SOLUTION THEM." Voronezh Scientific-Technical Bulletin 2, no. 2 (2022): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/2311-8873-2022-58-64.
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The article provides an analysis of the technical experience of operating gas-engine engines, in particular, cars of the GAZ family with a ZMZ engine when they are transferred to a dual-fuel gas-gasoline power supply system. The main technical challenges faced by car owners, maintenance and repair services are noted. Pos-sible ways of their solution are proposed.
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Gurjar, Atharva, Mohammed Moinuddin Shaikh, Siddhesh Ambilduke, and S. Senthur Prabu. "A Study on Performance Evaluation and Thermal Analysis of an Automobile Radiator." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 16287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.16287ecst.
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A car is one of the best feats of mechanical engineering and design. A car is run by a power source that provides necessary and required energy to translate or move and the power source is an engine. During this process, there is generation as well as the exchange of heat that happens continuously to keep the car running. Over time the engine heats up, i.e. most of this chemical energy is lost to the environment as heat, which reduces the efficiency of the engine significantly. In a car, the radiator functions to monitor and regulate the engine temperature to prevent it from overheating thus improving the efficiency of the engine. A study has been made on the performance evaluation of the radiator and with the help of Ansys workbench the thermal analysis is carried out to find extreme conditions in the radiator.
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Kadyrov, Adil, Bauyrzhan Sarsembekov, Aliya Kukesheva, and Kirill Sinelnikov. "Application of electric pulse and ultrasonic mufflers for increasing the degree of exhaust gas purification in car engines." International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies 8, no. 1 (2024): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53894/ijirss.v8i1.3570.
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The purpose of the article is to compare the efficiency of using electro-pulse and ultrasonic mufflers for cleaning exhaust gases from internal combustion engines of automobiles. The authors have developed full-size stands for conducting experiments with both types of mufflers on gasoline and diesel engines. Experimental studies have shown that electro-pulse mufflers are more effective in reducing the smoke of diesel engine exhausts, while ultrasonic mufflers are promising for cleaning exhaust gases from solid particles of gasoline engines. In the electro-pulse muffler, at the considered values of the angular velocity of the engine, the smoke indicators of the gas decreased to approximately 30%, while in the ultrasonic one, to 15%. The changes in the mass of the sold particles in the ultrasonic muffler of a diesel engine and a comparison with a gasoline engine show that ultrasonic mufflers have a lot of potential to stop solid particles from forming in the gas flow. In particular, the mass of the precipitated particles in a gasoline engine is 3 times greater than in a diesel engine. The alternative mufflers studied in the article allow for the purification of exhaust gases from solid particles, reducing their negative impact on the environment and giving impetus to the development of environmentally friendly motor transport.
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Binkovska, Anzhela, Olha Kudyrko, and Andrii Tashchykov. "ENGINE AUTOSTART SYSTEM." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University 1, no. 92 (2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.92.1.66.
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To improve the comfort of using the car, it became necessary to develop an engine autostart system. This system will integrate it into the car's anti-theft system and improve the use of the car regardless of weather conditions. The introduction of such a system will make it possible to increase the range of messages about alarms and the state of the alarm, the small value of which in old models due to the growth of abductions, the lack of close parking places has absolutely ceased to satisfy the driver. The analysis of the existing engine autostart systems is carried out, in which the main problem is highlighted, namely, the impossibility of pro-lime engine autostart at a long distance. As a result of the analysis, the goal of the study was highlighted: the expansion of the functional and consumer capabilities of the auto-alarm system. The developed remote start system is designed for sound and optical notification of violation of the protected vehicle zones, prevention of theft and robbery, remote execution of service functions. The result of the research is: the development of a working model and software, as well as experimental research. The originality lies in the fact that the constructed circuit allows monitoring and control of the autostart functions of the car engine from almost any distance (limited by the GSM reception area).
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Ahmed, Afzal. "A Pilot Compressed Air Engine." Energy & Environment 22, no. 8 (2011): 1105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0958-305x.22.8.1105.
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The air car has a history of development - with proponents and critics - since 1687. As the conventional internal combustion car engine is only 20% efficient, it wastes a considerable amount of energy and will not be feasible, if - for whatever reasons - fossil fuel fall short in supply and therefore, extremely expensive. The drawback of an air engine is that, it is light, requires frequent refilling of the compressed air-tank even for short distances, and the temperature and pressure reduce during expansion in the cylinder. Current research is concerned with alleviating these drawbacks. The good news is that, Motor Development International (MDI) Luxembourg has developed an air engine for a car using a specially designed connecting rod. MDI is now building an air car of 75hp costing US $ 17,800.00 for US roads and can travel up to 1000 miles at 96 mph. In the present study, the concept of double acting steam engine is used by replacing steam with compressed air and the reciprocating motion of piston is governed through flywheel using a solenoid valve. The efficiency of the engine based on input energy of compressed air is about 80%.
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Ulian, T. M., E. Rakosi, G. Manolache, and C. Ciobotar. "Zonal cooling principle model engine. Experimental results." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1262, no. 1 (2022): 012074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1262/1/012074.
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This paper provides a detailed analysis of the tests performed with a spark ignition engine with zonal cooling. Zonal cooling principle assumes two cooling circuits, one for the cylinder head and one for the cylinder block and a continuous adjustment of cooling temperature in accordance with the working principle. In order to test the proposed solution, it was necessary to create a functional model of the engine with zonal thermal regime, an aspect that led to the redesign of some subassemblies and parts in order to reach the desired requirements. In this sense, the criteria related to the adaptability of these solutions on the structure of current engines were considered, first, but also those related to technological facilities, reliability, simplicity, and low cost. The above considerations led to use for experiments, a car engine with a current architecture and construction. Thus, the functional model is based on a spark ignition engine, powered by a single point injection system. An engine with the cylinder capacity of 1600 [cm3] is relatively common in car equipment variants, which was a reason for choosing this type of engine.
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Abakarov, A. A., Sh M. Igitov, and Ali A. Abakarov. "Determination of engine oil change interval for patrol engines based on actual operating time." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 18, no. 3 (2021): 274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2021-18-3-274-285.
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Introduction. This paper shows the results of a study of the frequency of maintenance of passenger cars in various operating conditions, and provides recommendations for replacing the engine oil of gasoline engines (category SN classification according to API) according to the actual engine operating time (moto-hours). The service book of passenger cars contains the regulations for car maintenance with a list of operations that must be performed. The oil change intervals specified in the Regulations on Maintenance and Repair of Rolling Stock of motor Transport and the factory instructions do not take into account the specifics of the operation of vehicles. Depending on the road and climatic conditions and the operating mode, the standard maintenance schedule can be adjusted, in particular, the frequency of engine oil changes. The scientific novelty of the work is to determine the intervals of car maintenance for specific operating conditions.Materials and methods. The paper presents an analysis of Russian and foreign car maintenance systems, in particular, the oil change intervals of gasoline engines in European countries, the United States and Japan.The results of operational and resource tests of motor oils of gasoline engines carried out by methods of measuring their physical and chemical properties are presented.Results. In this paper, based on the analysis of the problem, recommendations for changing oil in gasoline engines by motorcycle hours for the conditions of the Republic of Dagestan (RD) are developed.The use of external and built-in technical means for calculating the motor hours allows you to determine the recommended oil change interval.Discussion and conclusion. In this paper, on the basis of research on a certain number of vehicles operating in various (including difficult) conditions, recommendations are developed that allow you to determine the rules of car maintenance for various operating conditions.
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SORLI PEÑA, MIGUEL ANGEL, and IGNACIO FERNANDEZ DE AGUIRRE GUANTES. "THE ELECTRIC CAR: SUCCESS, DOWNFALL AND BOOM." DYNA 97, no. 4 (2022): 339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10554.
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It is commonly accepted that the vehicle that can be considered the first automobile with an internal combustion engine for personal use on land routes is the one found in the Mercedes-Benz Museum, a tricycle powered by a four-stroke engine, developed by Karl Benz in 1885 from an earlier two-stroke engine.
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Cai, Leyang, Yifan Huang, and Zhenghao Yu. "Comparative study on performance of traditional engine and hybrid and electric engine." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 27 (December 27, 2022): 723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v27i.3862.
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In the past, the car brands led by Mercedes Benz are extremely popular world-widely and those cars are mainly designed using internal combustion engines. Engine technology is also innovating in real time. Today's new energy technology is representing the development of low pollution and high efficiency in our country. In China, the growth of new energy vehicles, however, is especially rapid and, as a whole, China is the largest automobile market in the world, ranking first in production and sales scale. Despite fluctuations in recent years, China has maintained a steady but increasing development trend. Since China's accession to the WTO, new energy vehicles are blooming in the world, the shares of sustainable energy bought by everyone is constantly climbing and the scale of production and sales has grown rapidly. In 2009, China surpassed the United States to become the world's largest new car consumption market, and has always maintained a high growth rate. However, traditional cars and internal combustion engine vehicles gained some denial
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Kropiwnicki, Jacek, and Mariusz Furmanek. "Application of Stirling engine for recovery energy from exhaust gas." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 9 (2018): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.290.
Full textAbstract:
Stirling engine is device generating mechanical energy without combustion fuel inside cylinder. This fact allows to supply engine from any power source. Example of such energy source can be solar radiation, combustion low-calorie carbon in outside combustion chamber or waste heat from other device like combustion engine mounted in bus or lorry. Use that kind of device in car allows to reduce fuel consumption through increase of efficiency of utilization thermal energy produced in combustion engine. The paper presents commercial solution of Stirling engines powered by waste energy and project of conceptual Stirling engine type alpha powered by flue gases from truck. The initial analysis results of hydraulic resistance in that engine have been also included.