Academic literature on the topic 'Car incident'
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Journal articles on the topic "Car incident"
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Iranitalab, Amirfarrokh, and Aemal Khattak. "Train-Level and Car-Level Modeling of Hazardous Materials Release in Railroad Incidents." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 9 (October 6, 2018): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118801337.
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This paper quantifies the impacts of incident, railroad, environment. and train/car characteristics on the probability of hazardous material (hazmat) release in a hazmat-carrying train incident and provides a prediction tool for hazmat release. Two sets of models utilized the Federal Railroad Administration 2012–2016 rail equipment incident dataset. The units of analyses for these two sets were trains and hazmat cars. Binary logit and binary mixed logit models were investigated to account for hazmat release and potential single-level and two-level grouping in the data (owing to possible hazmat release interdependence among hazmat cars belonging to a train and trains belonging to an incident). Development of receiver operating characteristics curves improved the prediction performance of the models by defining an appropriate cutoff point. Results showed that derailment increased hazmat release probability more than other incident types. Incidents resulting from signal and communication causes were most likely to result in hazmat release. Higher proportion of damaged/derailed hazmat cars and proportion of hazmat cars in a train, track classes 2 and 3, higher train speed, and train gross tonnage were the other important factors. Results of mixed models showed hazmat release from cars belonging to a train were interdependent and hazmat release from trains belonging to an incident were independent. Although models at both levels led to useful results, car-level models had better prediction performance.
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Kuno, Masamune, Kensuke Suzuki, Kyoko Unemoto, Takashi Tagami, Fumihiko Nakayama, Junya Kaneko, Ken Saito, et al. "Disaster and Mass Casualty Incident Responses by Doctor Car." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002590.
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Introduction:Ambulances with physicians, known as Doctor Car, and Tokyo DMAT are the two prehospital care systems responsible for medical team dispatch in the Tokyo area. While there are 25 designated hospitals for DMAT, Doctor Car is only available at four hospitals. Our hospital incorporates both systems. While the prehospital care system must be utilized at the time of disaster, Doctor Car was dispatched 418 times in 2017, and the use of DMAT is less than ten times per year.Aim:To review the past disaster responses of our hospital.Methods:The study reviews three cases where our hospital responded to mass casualty incidents and disasters with either Doctor Car or DMAT. The first case was the treatment of crush syndrome caused by a collapsed parking slope. It took more than 24 hours for the rescue, in which the team treated patients during transport and at the hospital. The second case was our response to a mass stabbing incident committed at a facility for the disabled. In collaboration with the onsite rescue team, we conducted triage, hemostasis, transfusion, etc. The third case was caused by a fire in a building under construction. We provided treatments like triage and tracheal intubation on the spot.Results:Because paramedics are allowed to conduct only a limited amount of treatments, dispatch of the medical team to the site is effective.Discussion:For a medical team to be effective at the dispatched site, the team must be accustomed not only to the specific need of medical care during disasters but also prehospital medical care, which may include the abilities to ensure safety during transport and on-site and adapt to the prehospital environment. Doctor Car is a useful way to realize such abilities.
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Houbraken, Maarten, Steven Logghe, Marco Schreuder, Pieter Audenaert, Didier Colle, and Mario Pickavet. "Automated Incident Detection Using Real-Time Floating Car Data." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8241545.
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The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of a live Automated Incident Detection (AID) system using only Floating Car Data (FCD) in one of the first large-scale FCD AID field trials. AID systems detect traffic events and alert upcoming drivers to improve traffic safety without human monitoring. These automated systems traditionally rely on traffic monitoring sensors embedded in the road. FCD allows for finer spatial granularity of traffic monitoring. However, low penetration rates of FCD probe vehicles and the data latency have historically hindered FCD AID deployment. We use a live country-wide FCD system monitoring an estimated 5.93% of all vehicles. An FCD AID system is presented and compared to the installed AID system (using loop sensor data) on 2 different highways in Netherlands. Our results show the FCD AID can adequately monitor changing traffic conditions and follow the AID benchmark. The presented FCD AID is integrated with the road operator systems as part of an innovation project, making this, to the best of our knowledge, the first full chain technical feasibility trial of an FCD-only AID system. Additionally, FCD allows for AID on roads without installed sensors, allowing road safety improvements at low cost.
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Salganik, E. "Neuropsychological examination is an important component of diagnosing the consequences of traumatic brain injury." Neurology Bulletin XXXI, no. 1-4 (September 15, 1999): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb80959.
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Patient X., 39 years old, an actor by profession, had an accident on May 9, 1980. A car driven by another driver crashed into X's car from the right side. The patient was wearing a seat belt and was pushed to the left door of the car. He could not describe the details of the incident. He remembered how the police pulled him out of the car.
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Ota, Yasuyuki, Taizo Masuda, Kenji Araki, and Masafumi Yamaguchi. "Curve-Correction Factor for Characterization of the Output of a Three-Dimensional Curved Photovoltaic Module on a Car Roof." Coatings 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8120432.
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For modeling the energy generation of three-dimensional car roof photovoltaic (PV) panels, it is essential to define a scientifically accurate method to model the amount of solar irradiance received by the panel. Additionally, the average annual irradiance incident on car roofs must be evaluated, because the PV module is often shaded during driving and when parked. The curve-correction factor, which is a unique value depending on the three-dimensional curved shape of the PV module, is defined in this paper. The curve-correction factor was calculated using a ray-trace simulator. It was found that the shape of the curved surface affected the curve-correction factor. The ratio of the projection area to the curved surface area of most car roofs is 0.85–0.95, and the annual curve-correction factor lies between 0.70 and 0.90. The annual irradiance incident on car roofs was evaluated using a mobile multipyranometer array system for one year (September 2017–August 2018). It is estimated that the effective annual solar radiation for curved PV modules is 2.53–3.52 kWh m−2/day.
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Schulz, Axel, and Petar Ristoski. "The Car that Hit The Burning House: Understanding Small Scale Incident Related Information in Microblogs." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 7, no. 5 (August 3, 2021): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v7i5.14486.
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Microblogs are increasingly gaining attention as an important information source in emergency management. In this case, state-of-the-art has shown that many valuable situational information is shared by citizens and official sources. However, current approaches focus on information shared during large scale incidents, with high amount of publicly available information. In contrast, in this paper, we conduct two studies on every day small scale incidents. First, we propose the first machine learning algorithm to detect three different types of small scale incidents with a precision of 82.2% and 82% recall. Second, we manually classify users contributing situational information about small scale incidents and show that a variety of individual users publish incident related information. Furthermore, we show that those users are reporting faster than official sources
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Sassim, Paulo Vitor de Souza, Tereza Cristina dos Reis Ferreira, Júlio César Veiga Pena, Paula Thayna Soares Lima, Carlos Augusto da Silva Costa Neto, Danilo Gouveia Gabriel, Anne Beatriz Duarte Conceição, Lee Bezerra Falcão, and Késsya Alves da Costa. "PERFIL DOS PACIENTES INTERNADOS POR ACIDENTES AUTOMOBILÍSTICOS NO HOSPITAL METROPOLITANO DE URGÊNCIA E EMERGÊNCIA DE ANANINDEUA NO PERÍODO DE 2006 À 2012." Centro de Pesquisas Avançadas em Qualidade de Vida, v12n3 (July 13, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36692/v12n3-4.
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Methods: A retrospective observational descriptive obtained through secondary data, carried out at the statistics of the Metropolitan Hospital Emergency and Emergency. We recorded 10,476 admissions due to traffic accidents from March 2006 to September 2012. Objective: To evaluate the profile of patients hospitalized for traffic accidents at the Metropolitan Hospital for Urgency and Emergency in Belém from 2006 to 2012. Results: Of 10,476 patients, 7179 were men, 1839 are women, mean age 30 years, coming from interior of the state 8034 cases, and motorcycle accidents over the incidents with 3514 of admissions, followed roadkill with 2395 cases, car accidents with 2050 and bicycle accidents with 173 cases. The CID was prevalent S06 with 2238 cases. The incident was over Belém municipality with 2102 cases and the months were more incidents in August in 2007 (10.02%) and 2009 (9.68%), September in the years 2010 (10.28%) and 2012 (14.03%) and October 2006 (13.44%) and 2008 (10.20%). Conclusion: We observed that victims of car accidents in HMUE hospitalized between 2006 to 2012 are men aged 30 years from the interior, and the motorcycle accidents the leading cause of hospitalization highlighting the CID S06 as most incident. The municipality with the highest accident record was Belém and months were more incidents in August in 2007 and 2009, the years 2010 and September 2012 and October 2006 and 2008.
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Capaldo, Francesco Saverio. "Stiffness of passenger cars: a class analysis." European Transport/Trasporti Europei, no. 77 (May 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2020.77.2.
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The increase in traffic flows on the roads causes an increase in road accidents. The study of the road safety deals on how to reduce the related phenomenon to non-pathological levels; to be able to operate correctly, much different information are needed. For some different levels of investigation of the phenomenon, only the incidental statistics may be necessary. To plan the interventions it needs information on the single incidents that occur in some areas. Each incident has some evolution characteristics that are repeated in a non-random manner, and these recurrences must be highlighted and studied to obtain effective countermeasures. The study methodologies of the road accidents maybe not only on their typology and imply the possibility of reconstruction, even if approximate, of the incident and its temporal phases of development. In some cases, it may also be necessary to evaluate the impact speed between vehicles. Some incident reconstruction techniques allow obtaining reliable speed values before the impact starting from the evidence left on the roadway. If these are not present, it is possible to use methodologies that provide speed values starting from the deformations of the vehicles as a relationship to the structural stiffness coefficients. Some databases are available: these concerning the coefficients obtained for a number of passenger cars and others concerning sister cars: these are used with a reasonable degree of approximation in forensic engineering works. A road safety engineer may not need values with a high degree of approximation but may wish to proceed more quickly with some stiffness coefficients that are not exactly those of a single model of car but only for those of car that has similar characteristics, not equal, with the full advantage of the speed of accident reconstruction. In research work, different stiffness coefficients for passenger cars were analysed and grouped for displacement classes, length and pitch.
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Kim, Tae-uk, Sang-hoon Bae, and Heejin Jung. "Incident Detection for Urban Arterial Road by Adopting Car Navigation Data." Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems 13, no. 4 (August 30, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12815/kits.2014.13.4.001.
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Tase, Arkeliana, Peter Buckle, Melody Z. Ni, and George B. Hanna. "Medical device error and failure reporting: Learning from the car industry." Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management 26, no. 3 (May 8, 2021): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/25160435211008273.
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Background Improving the design of technology relies in part, on the reporting of performance failures in existing devices. Healthcare has low levels of formal reporting of performance and failure of medical equipment. This paper examines methods of reporting in the car industry and healthcare and aims to understand differences and identify opportunities for improvement within healthcare. Methods A literature search was carried out in Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Engineering Village, Scopus. NHS England and MHRA publications and guidelines were also reviewed. Focus was placed on the current system of reporting in both industries, known degree of patient harm, initiating factors, barriers, quality and methods of incident investigation and their validity. The findings were used to compare error reporting system in the two industries. Results Derivation of healthcare incident data from different sources means the full extent of patient harm is not known. For example, in 2012 there were 13,549 and 38,395 incidents reported by MHRA and NRLS (National Reporting and Learning System) respectively leading to uncertainties on the extent of the problem. The car industry emphasises the role of reporting source in ensuring data quality. Utilising some aspects of this approach might benefit healthcare reporting. These include a specific reporting system that stresses the importance of organisational learning in improving safety and recognises the limitations of root cause analysis. Conclusions Learning from reporting systems within the car industry may help the healthcare sector improve its own reporting, aiding healthcare performance.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Car incident"
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Körner, Matthias. "Stauidentifikation auf Grundlage der Positionsdaten von ÖV-Fahrzeugen im Mischverkehr." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-222101.
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Von Fahrzeugen des Öffentlichen Verkehrs sind deren Positionen bekannt, wenn sie informationstechnisch in ein Betriebsleitsystem eingebunden sind. Über die auf dem Streckenband zwischen Meldepunkten zurückgelegte Wegstecke und die jeweils dafür benötigte Zeit kann auf die mittlere Geschwindigkeit geschlossen werden. Aus dieser wiederum kann eine Verkehrslageaussage abgeleitet werden. In wie weit diese für den Gesamtverkehrsstrom gültig, belastbar und richtlinienkonform ist, welche Randbedingungen für eine Auswertung einzuhalten sind, welche Verfahren sich zur Aufbereitung anbieten und welche Nutzungsszenarien unterstützt werden, wird aufgezeigt.
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Motyková, Veronika. "Návrh národní politiky systému hlášení leteckých nehod a incidentů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228173.
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The thesis objective is to analyze existing situation concerning reporting of the aviation accidents or incidents in national level and according the outputs from the analyses to develop recommendations, how database system ECCAIRS can by used for reporting on the national base. The focus of the thesis is investigation and evaluation of the existing national situation / from theoretical point of view and practical point of view/ and develop recommendation. As source of the investigation ware used existing legislation documents and foreign experience. For collection of the foreign experience was designed special type of questioner. The questioners ware distributed to the pre-selected number of authorities represented pre-selected states. During all process of analysis and investigation situation was discussed with local Czech authorities too. International law / ICAO Annex 13 of the Chicago Convention and EU Directive 94/56 / ware considers as one of the basic sources for the information.
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Bertazone, Érika do Carmo. "A assistência ao portador de tuberculose pulmonar sob a ótica dos trabalhadores de enfermagem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/83/83131/tde-18082004-150849/.
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Estudo descritivo que teve como objetivo analisar os aspectos positivos e negativos relacionados à assistência prestada ao portador de tuberculose pulmonar, com base nos relatos dos trabalhadores de enfermagem de uma unidade de internação (isolamento), do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP. Categorizamos os elementos que compõem os incidentes críticos (situação, comportamento e conseqüência) identificados nos relatos dos trabalhadores de enfermagem, com referências positivas e negativas e analisamos as situações, os comportamentos e as conseqüências positivas e negativas, advindas das situações relatadas pelos sujeitos. Fizeram parte deste estudo 26 trabalhadores de enfermagem, sendo eles: enfermeiros, auxiliares, técnicos e atendentes de enfermagem. Selecionamos essa população por estar intimamente envolvida com a assistência de enfermagem prestada a portadores de tuberculose pulmonar. Obtivemos 24 relatos, dos quais extraímos um total de 94 (100,0%) incidentes críticos, e dentre estes 38 (40,5%) foram referidos pelos entrevistados como positivos e 56 (59,5%) considerados negativos. Ao categorizarmos os elementos que compõem o incidente crítico, obtivemos um total de 94 (100,0%) situações, das quais, 38 (40,5%) foram consideradas positivas pelos entrevistados e 56 (59,5%) negativas. Em relação aos comportamentos, obtivemos 70 (36,7%) com referências positivas e 121 (63,3%) com referências negativas, perfazendo um total de 191 (100,0%). Quanto às conseqüências, estas somaram 143 (100,0%), sendo 54 (37,8%) consideradas positivas e 89 (62,2%) negativas. Ao observarmos os componentes dos incidentes críticos, constatamos maior número de referências negativas.O comportamento extraído dos incidentes que recebeu maior número de referências positivas e negativas, predominando as negativas, foi aquele que o trabalhador de enfermagem é obrigado a oferecer orientações ao paciente e família quanto ao modo de transmissão, tratamento e prevenção da tuberculose pulmonar, muitas vezes não se sentindo protegidos e preparados para tal. Verificamos, através dos relatos, a necessidade de se promover melhoria do conhecimento sobre a doença, no que se refere ao tratamento e precauções, para que o trabalhador de enfermagem tenha mais segurança no desempenho de suas funções e preste uma assistência de enfermagem de melhor qualidade.Descriptive study which was carried out in order to analyze the positive and negative features related to pulmonary tuberculosis patients nursing assistance. This analysis was based on the nursing workers reports. We categorized the elements that compose the critical incident (situation, behavior and consequence). We interviewed nursing workers of an infectious diseases unit at Hospital das Clínicas a general hospital in the Medicine School of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. We analyzed the positive and negative situations, behaviors and consequences that came up from their reported situations. We selected 26 nursing workers, among them Nurses, Auxiliaries, Technicians and Nursing Attendants in order to be able to identify those items in the reports. This population was chosen by the fact of being deeply involved in taking care of patients with infectious diseases, mainly pulmonary tuberculosis. We obtained 24 (twenty-four) reports, from which we obtained 94 (100.0%) critical incidents and, among these, 38 (40.5%) were considered to be positive and 56 (59.5%) were negative, in their view. When categorizing the elements that compose the critical incident, we obtained an overall 94 (100.0%) situations, from which 38 (40.5%) were viewed as positive and 56 (59.5%) as negative. As to the behaviors, we obtained 70 (36.7%) behaviors with positive references and 121 (63.3%) with negative ones, totalizing 191 (100.0%). About the consequences, they summed up to 143 (100.0%), being 54 (37.8%) considered to be positive and 89 (62.2%) negative. By observing the components of critical incidents, we obtained a higher number of negative references. The behavior from incidents that had a greater number of positive and negative references, prevailing the negative ones, obliges the nursing professional to provide the patient and his/her family with pulmonary tuberculosis orientation on transmission, treatment and preventing, because pretty often they do not feel safe or prepared to do it. We observed, based on the reports, the necessity to improve the knowledge on the treatment and precautions related to this disease, so that nursing workers may give safer and better quality nursing assistance.
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Rasmussen, Erin M., and Erin M. Rasmussen. "Improving Patient Safety and Incident Reporting Through Use of the Incident Decision Tree." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626648.
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Background: Preventable medical error accounts for approximately 98,000 deaths in the hospital setting each year. A proposed solution to decreasing medical error encompasses the development of a culture of safety. Safety culture has been defined as a common set of values and beliefs that are shared by individuals within an organization that influence their actions and behaviors. In 2015, the safety culture of Registered Nurses (RN) and Patient Care Technicians (PCT) who regularly worked in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit (CVICU) at Flagstaff Medical Center (FMC) was assessed using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. This survey functioned as a needs assessment and demonstrated that ICU/CVICU staff had negative reactions to safety culture and error reporting on eight of twelve composites tested. Based off these results, the Incident Decision Tree (IDT) was selected as an intervention to help improve the areas identified in the needs assessment.
Purpose: The aims of this quality improvement project included: 1) Development of a protocol for IDT use by ICU/CVICU managers; 2) Implementing the IDT; and 3) Administering a post IDT implementation survey.
Methods: The IDT was implemented during a 4-week period in the ICU/CVICU at FMC. During this time, managers used the IDT when processing reported error. Post implementation, an online survey was administered over the course of two weeks to ICU/CVICU managers and unit based RNs and PCTs to reassess their perceptions on the IDT, error reporting, and safety culture.
Results: During the implementation period, 23 errors were reported in the ICU/CVICU at FMC with management utilizing the IDT a total of 12 times. Analysis of the reportable data demonstrated that of the 12 incidents, seven were attributed to system failures. The remaining five incidents were processed using the “foresight test.”
Conclusions: Results from the post implementation survey demonstrated that ICU/CVICU staff felt the IDT contributed to a non-punitive environment. Staff also reported the IDT helped to increase communication after an error occurred. Lastly, the majority of staff felt the IDT increased transparency in the error reporting process.
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Pupulim, Jussara Simone Lenzi. ""Exposição corporal do cliente na assistência em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: incidentes críticos relatados por enfermeiras"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-15032004-085130/.
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O propósito desta investigação foi identificar e analisar os incidentes positivos e negativos, que envolveram a exposição corporal do cliente e a invasão da sua privacidade durante a assistência em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, visto que para a realização de vários cuidados e procedimentos a nudez parcial ou total é inevitável. A população constitui-se de 15 enfermeiras lotadas em UTIs de atendimento ao adulto, no município de Maringá - PR. Como procedimento metodológico empregou-se a Técnica do Incidente Crítico (TIC), obtendo-se 30 relatos, 15 positivos e 15 negativos, dos quais extraíram-se 22 incidentes críticos positivos (ICP) e 30 negativos (ICN). Estes foram compilados em 6 categorias denominadas como Necessidades Básicas, Admissão e Permanência na UTI, Procedimentos Terapêuticos, Avaliação Física, Horário de Visita e Manifestação da Sexualidade. Os comportamentos da equipe de saúde extraídos dos incidentes críticos foram agrupados em 5 categorias, constituindo-se em Questão de Gênero, Proteção e Manutenção da Privacidade, Atitudes do Profissional, Orientação ao Cliente e Orientação à Equipe de Saúde. Da mesma forma, os comportamentos dos clientes identificados foram distribuídos em 3 categorias, definidas como Questão de Gênero, Proteção e Manutenção da Privacidade e Atitudes do Cliente. As conseqüências para a equipe de saúde e para os clientes oriundas dos incidentes constituíram 4 categorias, formuladas como Sentimentos Negativos, Sentimentos Positivos, Prejuízo na Qualidade da Assistência e Garantia da Qualidade da Assistência. A interpretação dos resultados evidenciou que a categoria de situação mais freqüente nos ICP foi Necessidades Básicas (21,2%) e entre os ICN foi Admissão e Permanência na UTI (15,4%). A categoria de comportamento da equipe de saúde que prevaleceu nos ICP (41,1%) e nos ICN (41,4%) foi Proteção e Manutenção da Privacidade, ao passo que a categoria de comportamento dos clientes predominante entre os ICP foi Questão de Gênero (45,1%) e nos ICN foi Proteção e Manutenção da Privacidade (59,6%). A categoria de conseqüência mais freqüente para a equipe de saúde entre os ICP foi Garantia da Qualidade da Assistência (41,1%) e para os clientes foram os Sentimentos Positivos (37,6%), evidenciando-se que prevaleceram Sentimentos Negativos nos ICN para a equipe de saúde (41,5%) e para os clientes (57,3%). Verificou-se melhor preparo da enfermagem para contornar problemas relacionados ao atendimento das necessidades básicas, porém denota-se despreparo e falta de habilidade para lidar com a maioria das situações. Constatou-se que equipe de saúde e clientes, principalmente a enfermagem, manifesta os mesmos sentimentos frente à exposição corporal do cliente durante a assistência. Evidenciou-se que os aspectos que garantem melhor qualidade à assistência para ambos são proteção da intimidade, respeito, confiança, orientação e compreensão da mesma, ao passo que as que mais prejudicam a qualidade da assistência são desproteção e invasão da intimidade, desconsideração do profissional pelo cliente e dificuldade da equipe em lidar com algumas situações. Denotam-se como fatores complicadores, a diferença de gênero entre cuidador e cliente e a disposição dos leitos nestas unidades, predispondo o cliente à exposição e dificultando o resguardo da privacidade. Emergiu a necessidade de se preparar melhor a equipe para contornar situações de conflito oriundas da exposição corporal, devendo-se considerar os aspectos sócio-culturais das pessoas envolvidas. Por fim, ressalta-se que a compreensão dos aspectos que permeiam a exposição corporal na esfera do cuidado é imprescindível quando se tem por objetivo a humanização no contexto da assistência à saúde.This study aimed at identifying and analyzing positive and negative incidents involving clients physical exposure and the invasion of their privacy during caregiving in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) resulting from the need of partial or total nudity for the performance of various types of care and procedures. The population consisted of 15 nurses working in the ICU for adults in the city of Maringá PR, Brazil. The Critical Incident Technique (CIT) was used as a methodological procedure, thus obtaining 30 accounts of which 15 were positive and 15 were negative. From these, 22 positive critical incidents (PCIs) and 30 negative critical incidents (NCIs) were extracted. The incidents were compiled in 6 categories: basic needs, admission and permanence in the ICU, therapeutic procedures, physical evaluation, visiting hours and sexuality manifestation. The behaviors presented by the health team which were extracted from the critical incidents were grouped in 5 categories: gender-related questions, privacy protection and maintenance, attitudes from professionals, client orientation and health team orientation. The identified clients behaviors were distributed in 3 categories defined as gender-related questions, protection and maintenance of clients privacy and attitudes. The outcomes to the health team and clients stemming from the incidents comprised four categories formulated as negative feelings, positive feelings, impairment of caregiving quality and assurance of caregiving quality. The interpretation of results showed that the most frequent situation category in the PCIs was basic needs (21.2%), whereas in the NCIs, it was admission and permanence in the ICU (15.4%). The health teams behavior category which prevailed in the PCIs (41.1%) and in the NCIs (41.4%) was privacy protection and maintenance. The predominant clients behavior category in the PCIs was gender-related questions (45.1%) and in the NCIs it was privacy protection and maintenance (59.6%). The health teams most frequent consequence category in the PCIs was assurance of caregiving quality (41.1%), and the clients was positive feelings (37.6%). It was also shown that the category negative feelings prevailed in the NCIs for the health team (41. 5%) as well as for clients (57.3%). It was verified that the nursing staff was better prepared to deal with problems related to meeting basic needs; however, lack of preparation and skills to manage most situations was also observed. It was found that the health team and clients, particularly the nursing staff, showed similar feelings concerning the clients physical exposure during caregiving. Additionally, it was shown that the aspects ensuring better caregiving quality to both were intimacy protection, respect, trust, orientation and understanding with regard to such protection, whereas those which most frequently impaired caregiving quality were lack of protection, intimacy invasion, disregard of clients by the professionals and the teams difficulty in dealing with certain situations. Gender difference between the caregiver and the client was noted as a complicating factor in addition to the arrangement of beds in the units, which predisposes the client to exposure and impairs privacy protection. The need to better prepare the health team to cope with conflict situations stemming from physical exposure arose, while the sociocultural aspects of the individuals involved must be taken into account. Finally, it is pointed out that understanding the aspects which permeate physical exposure in the realms of caregiving is essential if the humanization of health care settings is to be achieved.
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Zhou, Dingshan Sam. "An integrated traffic incident detection model /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992952.
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Buhlmann, Melanie. "Moving on after critical incidents in health care. Second victims: A qualitative study of the experiences of nurses and midwives." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2206.
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Aims: The aims of this study were to gain a deeper understanding of the experiences of nurses and midwives who have been involved in a critical incident in a non-critical care area and to explore how they have ‘moved-on’ from the event.
Background: It is irrefutable that health care is intrinsically risk-laden and perceived to be personally and professionally demanding for those who are employed within it. The term ‘second victim’ has been assigned to health care professionals who experienced emotional distress as a result of their involvement in critical incidents. Despite the recognition that critical incidents contribute to workrelated stress, strategies employed by nurses and midwives to move-on from their often traumatic experiences of these events in non-critical care settings were not widely reported.
Research design: An interpretive descriptive design based on the scientific worldview of constructivism guided inductive inquiry to interpret the meaning of moving-on central to nurses and midwives who have lived through the impact of critical incidents.
Methods: Purposive sampling was used to recruit 10 nurses and midwives to participate in the study. Data collection comprised of semi-structured interviews, memos and field notes. Data was concurrently collected and analysed with the data management software NVivo 11, to derive themes and patterns, which enabled the researcher and the study-participants to co-construct knowledge. A thematic analytical method stipulated a coherent analytical framework to evolve the emerging themes and transform the data into credible interpretive description findings.
Findings: The findings revealed five main themes (1) initial emotional and physical response, (2) the aftermath, (3) long-lasting repercussions, (4) workplace support and (5) moving-on. Nurses and midwives experienced intense initial reactions and tumultuous emotions in the aftermath of the event and desired to share their burden. Various unsupportive workplace practices convoluted the reclamation of their professional competence, whilst adaptive strategies to promote physical and mental well-being enabled the participants to rise above the impact of critical incidents.
Discussion: This study highlighted several issues fundamental to withstand and overcome the personally damaging and professionally destructive challenges associated with critical incidents. The discussion of findings revealed new insights into the significance of support and a generally optimistic outlook derived from a well-adjusted work-life balance. Future research is required to explore the perceived effectiveness of workplace practices, as well as the role of education.
Relevance: This study presented an opportunity to shed light on the perceptions of ‘nurse and midwife-second victims’ within a range of non-critical care settings. Through their lens, the strategies they engaged in to move-on from the event were identified and their call for organisational and collegial support received a voice.
Conclusion: This study explored how nurses and midwives moved-on following critical incidents in various clinical areas. The identification of adaptive strategies contributed to the existing body of knowledge surrounding this phenomenon. Findings have the potential to inform health care organisations with the aim to support others who experienced critical incidents in health care, as well as guide nursing and midwifery education programs to raise awareness of the potential effects associated with the impact of critical incidents.
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Ramsey, Colette. "A qualitative analysis of how learning from Serious Adverse Incident reviews can contribute to reducing deaths by suicide of people in the care of Mental Health Services." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2019. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.766292.
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The overall aim of the research is contribute to a reduction in suicides within mental health services. This study will explore the learning process for mental health services following patient suicides in Northern Ireland (NI). It will focus on how the recommendations contained in Serious Adverse Incident reports, which are completed following all patient suicides, are translated into practice. The study will examine all SAI reports completed from January 2015 to December 2016. Focus groups with mental health professionals throughout NI will then be used to increase understanding of the enablers and barriers to effective implementation of these recommendations within mental health services.
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Lerner, Mitchell Brian. "The lonely bull : the Pueblo incident and American foreign policy /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Rogers, S. "Learning from the investigation of incidents in primary care." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444077/.
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Accident investigation is widely used to learn from adverse events occurring in industry. The conclusions of such investigations are typically used to inform the design and function of socio-technical systems and organisational management. This tradition is less well developed in healthcare, though evidence is growing that similar approaches may be applicable. The first part of the thesis reports a systematic review and evaluation of methods for the investigation of incidents in healthcare with further work then conducted to pilot an approach in primary and community care settings. The second part of the thesis describes the application of the approach within the framework of a study designed to understand the problem of medication related admissions in older people. The research maps the epidemiology of the problem and then moves beyond it through depth investigations of individual cases. The methods selected have provided an opportunity to understand the immediate and the contributory causes of adverse medication related events in older people. More particularly, the approach provided a framework for understanding general practice as a whole system, where there are interactions between people, processes and policies that can bring untoward consequences. This level of understanding of general practice identifies broader themes that characterise the organisation of primary care and point to areas for development that could bring substantial benefits to patients in the care they receive.
Books on the topic "Car incident"
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Stray, Alan L. Confidential aviation incident reporting (CAIR) in Australia. [S.l.]: Bureau of Air Safety Investigation, Australia, 1991.
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1956-, Tovey Phillip, ed. Growing in ministry: Using critical incident analysis in pastoral care. Cambridge: Grove Books, 2000.
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Tooma, Michael. Due diligence: Incident notification, management and investigation. North Ryde, N.S.W: CCH Australia, 2012.
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McClellan, Mark B. The incidence of Medicare. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.
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Pell, Jill. HIV-infected health care worker incident: December 1994 : report and recommendations. Glasgow: Greater Glasgow Health Board, 1994.
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Marzillier, John S. To hell and back: Personal experiences of trauma and how we can recover and move on. London: Robinson, 2012.
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John, Fry. Common diseases: Their nature, incidence, and care. 4th ed. Lancaster [Lancashire]: MTP Press, 1985.
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Saha, Shelley. Abortion in Maharashtra: Incidence, care, and cost. [Mumbai]: Centre for Enquiry into Health and Allied Themes, 2004.
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Hanna, James A. Missing patients: A review of twenty-two fatal incidents. Ottawa: CHA Press = Presses de l'ACS, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Car incident"
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Eugensson, Anders, and Jan Ivarsson. "What the Car Industry Can Do: Volvo Cars." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 687–725. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_28.
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AbstractMotor vehicle manufacturers have a central and a very important role in reaching the target of zero fatalities and serious injuries in road traffic. Although the continuous development of safer products has made a significant contribution in reducing the number of casualties, the responsibility still remains profoundly with motor vehicle manufacturers in continuing the process of protecting car occupants and not harming other road users. However, the possible contributions do not end here. Sharing research data based on real-life traffic crashes and incident experiences, cooperating with other traffic safety stakeholders, and sharing real-time data on traffic information with authorities and other road users also have a role to play in reducing the number of road casualties. In addition to this, motor vehicle manufacturers will be able to contribute by assuming the corporate social responsibility in using safe transportation linked to producing vehicles, parts, and services and sharing the latest level of technology advancement with customers in countries without government mandates on safety.It is important to stress that all these efforts need to have a global perspective. For the vehicle manufacturers, this implies that all the technical developments in motor vehicle safety, collaborating with governments and sharing knowledge on safety, must be performed and available also in parts of the world with a vehicle fleet of traditionally lower advancement levels.In line with the efforts of reaching zero fatalities, Volvo Cars has defined its own Safety Vision. This states that no one is to be seriously injured or killed in a new Volvo vehicle.The aim here is to share the view of Volvo Cars on the possible contributions and actions of motor vehicle manufacturers in the collaborative efforts of reaching towards zero fatalities and serious injuries within the road transportation sector.
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Eugensson, Anders, and Jan Ivarsson. "What the Car Industry Can Do, Volvo Cars." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 1–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23176-7_28-1.
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AbstractMotor vehicle manufacturers have a central and a very important role in reaching the target of zero fatalities and serious injuries in road traffic. Although the continuous development of safer products has made a significant contribution in reducing the number of casualties, the responsibility still remains profoundly with motor vehicle manufacturers in continuing the process of protecting car occupants and not harming other road users. However, the possible contributions do not end here. Sharing research data based on real-life traffic crashes and incident experiences, cooperating with other traffic safety stakeholders, and sharing real-time data on traffic information with authorities and other road users also have a role to play in reducing the number of road casualties. In addition to this, motor vehicle manufacturers will be able to contribute by assuming the corporate social responsibility in using safe transportation linked to producing vehicles, parts, and services and sharing the latest level of technology advancement with customers in countries without government mandates on safety.It is important to stress that all these efforts need to have a global perspective. For the vehicle manufacturers, this implies that all the technical developments in motor vehicle safety, collaborating with governments and sharing knowledge on safety, must be performed and available also in parts of the world with a vehicle fleet of traditionally lower advancement levels.In line with the efforts of reaching zero fatalities, Volvo Cars has defined its own Safety Vision. This states that no one is to be seriously injured or killed in a new Volvo vehicle.The aim here is to share the view of Volvo Cars on the possible contributions and actions of motor vehicle manufacturers in the collaborative efforts of reaching towards zero fatalities and serious injuries within the road transportation sector.
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Labib, Ashraf, Yoskue Nagase, and Sara Hadleigh‐Dunn. "Analysis of Human Factors Failures in an Incident of Self-driving Car Accident." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 221–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50943-9_28.
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Bensard, Denis D., Philip F. Stahel, Jorge Cerdá, Babak Sarani, Sajid Shahul, Daniel Talmor, Peter M. Hammer, et al. "Mass Casualty Incident." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 1359. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_3197.
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Citerio, G., C. Giussani, Hugo Sax, Didier Pittet, Xiaoyan Wen, John A. Kellum, Angela M. Mills, et al. "Incidence." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 1212. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_3157.
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Porthouse, Alexander G., Hannah M. Clancy, and Andrew Thurgood. "Mass Casualty Incidents." In Textbook of Acute Trauma Care, 435–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83628-3_22.
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Cassin, Bryce R., and Paul Barach. "How Not to Run an Incident Investigation." In Surgical Patient Care, 695–714. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44010-1_41.
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Todd, Sam, Steven Bland, and Jonathan Ritson. "Environmental Trauma: CBRN Incidents." In Textbook of Acute Trauma Care, 783–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83628-3_41.
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Tharratt, R. Steven, and Timothy E. Albertson. "Chemical Terrorism Incidents and Intensive Care." In Critical Care Toxicology, 2639–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17900-1_5.
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McMonagle, Morgan P. "Incidents Caused by Terrorism." In Hot Topics in Acute Care Surgery and Trauma, 501–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34116-9_38.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Car incident"
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Zhao, Xiaojuan, Jian-Cheng Weng, and Jian Rong. "Urban Expressway Incident Detection Algorithm Based on Floating Car Data." In Tenth International Conference of Chinese Transportation Professionals (ICCTP). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41127(382)229.
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Kinoshita, Akira, Atsuhiro Takasu, and Jun Adachi. "Real-time traffic incident detection using probe-car data on the Tokyo Metropolitan Expressway." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bigdata.2014.7004488.
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Patalak, John, Thomas Gideon, Michael Beckage, and Rollin White. "Testing, Development & amp; Implementation of an Incident Data Recorder System for Stock Car Racing." In SAE 2011 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-1103.
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Renze, Kevin J. "Accident/Incident Reconstruction and Visualization." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6265.
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Factual evidence from locomotive event data recorders (EDR), locomotive image data recorders, accident site surveys, witness marks, rail equipment, track structure, photographs, video cameras, AEI readers, hot wheel or hot bearing detectors, wayside signal bungalows, train consist documents, and radio communication is integrated, validated, and visualized in a three-dimensional model environment. The goal is to build a physics-based, data-driven model of train position as a function of time to enhance the documentation, investigation, understanding, and analysis of in-service train derailments. Methods to construct, validate, and interrogate time-accurate, interactive visualizations of train movements for partial and complete train consists are discussed and demonstrated. In-service freight train derailments that occurred in Hoxie, Arkansas (offset frontal collision between opposing freight trains), Casselton, North Dakota (unit grain train derailment with car fouling opposing mainline track and subsequent crude oil unit train head-on collision), and Graettinger, Iowa (unit ethanol train derailment) are used to illustrate the accident reconstruction method. Similar vehicle path reconstructions for recent highway, aviation, and marine investigations are also presented.
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Bress, Thomas, Eugenia Kennedy, and Mark Guttag. "Assessment of Elevator Risks and Code Requirements Associated With Slip, Trip and Fall Hazards." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24092.
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Abstract In previous work, the hazards associated with elevator door closures were identified and analyzed. Using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), incidents associated with door strikes were identified between the years 1990 to 2017. This current effort focuses on elevator slip, trip and fall hazards. The ASME A17.1 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators requires that elevator systems be equipped with leveling devices to vertically align the car platform sill relative to the hoistway landing sill to attain a predetermined accuracy. Even with the leveling safety requirements, slip, trip and fall incidents for passengers exiting or entering elevators are known to occur. This paper will analyze elevator slip, trip and fall hazards using injury records from the NEISS database from 1990 to 2019. Relevant elevator incidents were extracted from this dataset through manual inspection of the text-based description fields of all elevator-related incident records found in the NEISS dataset from this time period. National projections of elevator incidents were then calculated from this extracted dataset and trended for the entire time period of 1990 through 2019. The age and sex distributions of these national projections were also analyzed. These projections and trends are then discussed in the context of ASME A17.1 requirements intended to mitigate the risks of injuries when entering or exiting an elevator.
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Priante, Michelle, David Tyrell, and Benjamin Perlman. "A Collision Dynamics Model of a Multi-Level Train." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13537.
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In train collisions, multi-level rail passenger vehicles can deform in modes that are different from the behavior of single level cars. The deformation in single level cars usually occurs at the front end during a collision. In one particular incident, a cab car buckled laterally near the back end of the car. The buckling of the car caused both lateral and vertical accelerations, which led to unanticipated injuries to the occupants. A three-dimensional collision dynamics model of a multi-level passenger train has been developed to study the influence of multi-level design parameters and possible train configuration variations on the reactions of a multi-level car in a collision. This model can run multiple scenarios of a train collision. This paper investigates two hypotheses that could account for the unexpected mode of deformation. The first hypothesis emphasizes the non-symmetric resistance of a multi-level car to longitudinal loads. The structure is irregular since the stairwells, supports for tanks, and draglinks vary from side to side and end to end. Since one side is less strong, that side can crush more during a collision. The second hypothesis uses characteristics that are nearly symmetric on each side. Initial imperfections in train geometry induce eccentric loads on the vehicles. For both hypotheses, the deformation modes depend on the closing speed of the collision. When the characteristics are non-symmetric, and the load is applied in-line, two modes of deformation are seen. At low speeds, the couplers crush, and the cars saw-tooth buckle. At high speeds, the front end of the cab car crushes, and the cars remain in-line. If an offset load is applied, the back stairwell of the first coach car crushes unevenly, and the cars saw-tooth buckle. For the second hypothesis, the characteristics are symmetric. At low speeds, the couplers crush, and the cars remain in-line. At higher speeds, the front end crushes, and the cars remain in-line. If an offset load is applied to a car with symmetric characteristics, the cars will saw-tooth buckle.
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Buaossa, Nagi A., and Monish R. Chatterjee. "Comparative Study of Planar Electromagnetic Wave Propagation across Dual-Interface and Stand-Alone Magnetic Chiral/Achiral (CAC) Interfaces." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2022.jw5b.14.
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The results obtained for Fresnel amplitude coefficients (FCs) corresponding to a magnetic achiral/chiral (ACC) interface under variable incident angles and permittivity/permeability ratios, is extended to comparative study between two methods (incidence conditions) for investigating propagation of plane waves with left- and right- circular polarization (LCP & RCP) incident upon a chiral/achiral (CAC) interface.
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Conger, Dorian S. "Can Safety Culture Be This Important?" In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-31241.
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Organizational culture has been extensively studied since the 1950’s. The research consistently demonstrates that an organization’s culture has a direct and immediate impact on the behaviors of the people working within the organization. For many years, the culture of an organization was not a part of the evaluation process when performance deficiencies or incidents were evaluated. In some instances, organizations were even told specifically that such ‘soft’ issues were not to be considered. Now, it seems that the pendulum has swung completely in the opposite direction. Organizations are encouraged and sometimes even required to consider safety culture contributions to performance problems and accidents/incidents. Few systematic methods exist to evaluate the contributions of safety culture to incident and accidents as part of a root cause analysis. This paper explores several questions related to the importance of safety culture and how it can be evaluated and changed for the betterment of the organization(s) involved. Some of the critical questions are: 1) How is it possible that safety culture has become so important in evaluating the performance of an organization? 2) Whether in terms of deficiencies or accident/incidents — can safety culture be reliably measured, particularly during a root cause analysis? 3) If it can be measured, how can it be changed? 4) Does organizational culture change have to take years to accomplish?
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Wu, Xingguang, Lei Hou, and Zhuang Wu. "Quantitative Analysis of the Cause-Effect Relationship of Incidents Occurred in Tank Farm Based on the Method of Logistic Regression." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93328.
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Abstract A large number of incidents occurred in the petrochemical industry due to the continuous accumulation and frequent transfer of dangerous substances. For these historical incident data, a lot of efforts have been made to analyze how and why incidents occurred by use of descriptive statistics, while scarce work was done to in-depth explore the performance characteristics of the causal factors related to different types of incidents. This paper focuses on the relative importance of different causal factors for different types of incidents. A total of 1144 incidents related to tank farms of China during the period 1960–2018 were collected and classified with regard to the intuitive consequences of incidents (fire & explosion, material loss, quality variations, equipment damage and personnel harm) and whether the domino effect was involved (domino incidents and non-domino incidents). The causal factors were classified into five major categories and subdivided into fifteen subcategories. The interaction analysis of each factor with the specific consequence type was performed. The method of logistic regression was used to quantify the relative probability of different causal factors for different types of incidents and to determine which factors have a significant effect on triggering the domino incidents. It is found that human factors and organization/management factors were more common causal factors to lead to different consequences, and the same causal factor has distinct effects on the probability of occurrence for different types of incidents. The results highlight the more critical risk factors for each type of incident and the method can be applied to provide guidance on incident prevention and safety protection.
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Macleod, H. A. "Oblique incidence resonances in metal-dielectric thin-film-structure energy conversion systems." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.fe4.
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The admittance diagram is a useful device for visualizing performance of dielectric and metal-dielectric structures with small or negligible losses. Admittance can readily be converted into reflectance by a set of isoreflectance circles that is a function of the admittance of the incident medium. Difficulties are caused by the variation of admittance with angle of incidence because the isoreflectance circles are not constant but vary both with angle of incidence and plane of polarization. A simple scheme of admittances in which the incident medium is normalized to be constant at its normal incidence value is straightforward and permits the isoreflectance circles to remain constant. The scheme involves multiplying the normal p-admittance and dividing the s-admittance by cosθ0 where θ0 is the angle of incidence in the incident medium. This normalization does not affect either reflectance, absorbance, transmittance, or phase changes. Resonances such as those associated with coupling to a surface plasmon become straightforward to visualize including some involving metal-dielectric multilayers.
Reports on the topic "Car incident"
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McKinnon, Mark B., and Daniel Madrzykowski. Four Firefighters Burned in Residential House Fire - Georgia. UL's Fire Safety Research Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/gekk4148.
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On September 3, 2018, two career Fire Lieutenants and two career Firefighters suffered burn injuries as a result of a residential structure fire. On September 10, 2018, personnel representing several other fire departments in the area, including a member of the Fire Safety Research Institute (FSRI) Advisory Board visited the fire scene to document the incident and collect material samples from the structure. The narrative and analysis presented in this report rely on the photographs and evidence collected on September 10, 2018, dispatch transcript [5] and videos recorded at the time of the incident, and interviews conducted by a local investigator between September 3, 2018 and September 7, 2018 with fire service personnel involved in the incident and the resident of the structure [6]. The LaGrange Fire Department invited FSRI to study this incident as part of FSRI’s Near-Miss Project which is supported by a DHS/FEMA Assistance to Firefighters Grant. The goal of this project is to enhance the safety and situational awareness of the fire service by applying fire dynamics research results to near-miss or line of duty injury fire incidents. By identifying factors that contributed to the incident, perhaps future incidents may be prevented. FSRI’s analysis of this incident will apply research results and utilize fire research tools, such as computer fire models, to examine key fire phenomena and tactical outcomes. This report will explain the incident, what occurred, why it occurred, and what can be done differently in the future to result in a more favorable outcome
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Hwang, Eun-Sil S. The Association of Valproic Acid and Incident Breast Cancer in a Managed Care Cohort. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada535177.
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Tvaryanas, Anthony P., and Genny M. Maupin. Risk of Incident Mental Health Conditions Among Critical Care Air Transport (CCATT) Team Members. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada582399.
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Hwang, Eun-Sil S., and Veronica Shims. The Association of Valproic Acid and Incident Breast Cancer in a Managed Care Cohort. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada587680.
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Hwang, Eun-Sil S. The Association of Valproic Acid and Incident Breast Cancer in a Managed Care Cohort. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada546714.
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Cao, Andy, Jason Lindo, and Jiee Zhong. Can Social Media Rhetoric Incite Hate Incidents? Evidence from Trump's "Chinese Virus" Tweets. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30588.
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Goda, Gopi Shah, Monica Farid, and Jay Bhattacharya. The Incidence of Mandated Health Insurance: Evidence from the Affordable Care Act Dependent Care Mandate. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21846.
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Drury, J., S. Arias, T. Au-Yeung, D. Barr, L. Bell, T. Butler, H. Carter, et al. Public behaviour in response to perceived hostile threats: an evidence base and guide for practitioners and policymakers. University of Sussex, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/vjvt7448.
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Background: Public behaviour and the new hostile threats • Civil contingencies planning and preparedness for hostile threats requires accurate and up to date knowledge about how the public might behave in relation to such incidents. Inaccurate understandings of public behaviour can lead to dangerous and counterproductive practices and policies. • There is consistent evidence across both hostile threats and other kinds of emergencies and disasters that significant numbers of those affected give each other support, cooperate, and otherwise interact socially within the incident itself. • In emergency incidents, competition among those affected occurs in only limited situations, and loss of behavioural control is rare. • Spontaneous cooperation among the public in emergency incidents, based on either social capital or emergent social identity, is a crucial part of civil contingencies planning. • There has been relatively little research on public behaviour in response to the new hostile threats of the past ten years, however. • The programme of work summarized in this briefing document came about in response to a wave of false alarm flight incidents in the 2010s, linked to the new hostile threats (i.e., marauding terrorist attacks). • By using a combination of archive data for incidents in Great Britain 2010-2019, interviews, video data analysis, and controlled experiments using virtual reality technology, we were able to examine experiences, measure behaviour, and test hypotheses about underlying psychological mechanisms in both false alarms and public interventions against a hostile threat. Re-visiting the relationship between false alarms and crowd disasters • The Bethnal Green tube disaster of 1943, in which 173 people died, has historically been used to suggest that (mis)perceived hostile threats can lead to uncontrolled ‘stampedes’. • Re-analysis of witness statements suggests that public fears of Germany bombs were realistic rather than unreasonable, and that flight behaviour was socially structured rather than uncontrolled. • Evidence for a causal link between the flight of the crowd and the fatal crowd collapse is weak at best. • Altogether, the analysis suggests the importance of examining people’s beliefs about context to understand when they might interpret ambiguous signals as a hostile threat, and that. Tthe concepts of norms and relationships offer better ways to explain such incidents than ‘mass panic’. Why false alarms occur • The wider context of terrorist threat provides a framing for the public’s perception of signals as evidence of hostile threats. In particular, the magnitude of recent psychologically relevant terrorist attacks predicts likelihood of false alarm flight incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in those towns and cities that have seen genuine terrorist incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in the types of location where terrorist attacks happen, such as shopping areass, transport hubs, and other crowded places. • The urgent or flight behaviour of other people (including the emergency services) influences public perceptions that there is a hostile threat, particularly in situations of greater ambiguity, and particularly when these other people are ingroup. • High profile tweets suggesting a hostile threat, including from the police, have been associated with the size and scale of false alarm responses. • In most cases, it is a combination of factors – context, others’ behaviour, communications – that leads people to flee. A false alarm tends not to be sudden or impulsive, and often follows an initial phase of discounting threat – as with many genuine emergencies. 2.4 How the public behave in false alarm flight incidents • Even in those false alarm incidents where there is urgent flight, there are also other behaviours than running, including ignoring the ‘threat’, and walking away. • Injuries occur but recorded injuries are relatively uncommon. • Hiding is a common behaviour. In our evidence, this was facilitated by orders from police and offers from people staff in shops and other premises. • Supportive behaviours are common, including informational and emotional support. • Members of the public often cooperate with the emergency services and comply with their orders but also question instructions when the rationale is unclear. • Pushing, trampling and other competitive behaviour can occur,s but only in restricted situations and briefly. • At the Oxford Street Black Friday 2017 false alarm, rather than an overall sense of unity across the crowd, camaraderie existed only in pockets. This was likely due to the lack of a sense of common fate or reference point across the incident; the fragmented experience would have hindered the development of a shared social identity across the crowd. • Large and high profile false alarm incidents may be associated with significant levels of distress and even humiliation among those members of the public affected, both at the time and in the aftermath, as the rest of society reflects and comments on the incident. Public behaviour in response to visible marauding attackers • Spontaneous, coordinated public responses to marauding bladed attacks have been observed on a number of occasions. • Close examination of marauding bladed attacks suggests that members of the public engage in a wide variety of behaviours, not just flight. • Members of the public responding to marauding bladed attacks adopt a variety of complementary roles. These, that may include defending, communicating, first aid, recruiting others, marshalling, negotiating, risk assessment, and evidence gathering. Recommendations for practitioners and policymakers • Embed the psychology of public behaviour in emergencies in your training and guidance. • Continue to inform the public and promote public awareness where there is an increased threat. • Build long-term relations with the public to achieve trust and influence in emergency preparedness. • Use a unifying language and supportive forms of communication to enhance unity both within the crowd and between the crowd and the authorities. • Authorities and responders should take a reflexive approach to their responses to possible hostile threats, by reflecting upon how their actions might be perceived by the public and impact (positively and negatively) upon public behaviour. • To give emotional support, prioritize informative and actionable risk and crisis communication over emotional reassurances. • Provide first aid kits in transport infrastructures to enable some members of the public more effectively to act as zero responders.
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Piquette, Jean C. Causality Difficulties Which can Arise in Modelling the Reflection of a Normally Incident Wave from a Lossy Planar Surface. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada173783.
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Adams, Nicola S. Air Force Health Care Providers Incidence of Performing Testicular Exams and Instruction of Testicular Self-Exam. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1012095.
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