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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Car mechanics'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Chothani, Tejas N. "A Complete Multi-Body Model for an FSAE Space Frame Car." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1384428195.

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2

Duran, Yusuf. "Design Of A Mechanism For Opening Hatchback Car Baggage Door." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610942/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT DESIGN OF A MECHANISM FOR OPENING HACTHBACK CAR BAGGAGE DOOR Duran, Yusuf M.S., Department of Mechanical Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Eres Sö
ylemez September 2009, 65 Pages In this thesis, a new mechanism design for opening hatchback-car baggage door is introduced. Unlike the classical hinged doors used, this new design will include a mechanism so that the door will be opened vertically and thus occupy less space behind the car during the opening. In this fashion even the hatchback doors of closely parked cars may be opened. First, considering type synthesis, different mechanism types are investigated. In dimensional synthesis, with the help of Burmester theory, motion generation is applied. Using the circle and center point curves, considering link dimensions, transmission angle characteristics, branching and some order issues possible solutions that satisfy the position requirements are found. To actuate the mechanism, an appropriate gas-spring is sought. As a case study a prototype is manufactured and mounted on a sample hatchback car to check the mechanism performance.
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3

Abdollahifakhr, Hamon, and Ceyhun Sengul. "AUTOMATIC DESIGN OF WIRING PATTERN FOR CAR SEAT HEATERS." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Maskinteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-13968.

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This projects aims to develop design automation in product development. Design automation causes increase in producibility and decrease in product cost and manufacturing lead time. The study at hand is proposed to provide a new method and to introduce procedure to the design of wiring pattern for a car seat heater for Kongsberg Automotive, KA. KA is a Norwegian company and a global provider of engineering, design, and manufacture for seat comfort, driver and motion control systems, fluid assemblies, and industrial driver interface products. The method that currently is used in the company to create a wiring pattern is neither sufficient enough nor automated. In order to design the wiring pattern, at first procedure is handled by the designer. Secondly, car seat heater 2D layout is imported and then, the dimensions of the elements are defined as constraints. Then VBA codes are opened and the program is run. The result will be a wiring pattern in different 2D layouts. To make the design process easier, we have modeled five different layouts; wiring pattern of one element, two elements, three elements, five elements (with two back sides) and one element trapezoidal 2D layout. The algorithm written in VBA (Visual basic for application) creates the pattern according to the dimensions of the elements which are used as inputs to define constrained parameters. The created macros are simple to use and easy to modify, independent from the programming knowledge. The user is only responsible with parameter input and running the program. The solution gives wiring pattern for a car seat heater.
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4

Rapaport, Alfred. "Strength assessment of rig foundations for a sailing car carrier." Thesis, KTH, Lättkonstruktioner, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-286024.

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The wPCC project (wind powered car carrier) is carried out by Wallenius Marine, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and SSPA Sweden. By developing a car carrier mainly propelled by the wind, the emissions are estimated to be reduced by up to 90 %. This thesis deals with the structural aspects of the design. Specifically, the interface between the sail rigs and hull is considered. Different rig foundation concepts should be developed and compared to each other. The objective is to focus on characteristics such as stress levels, relevant failure mechanisms and cargo capacity. Scantling of merchant vessels is to a large extent governed by rules issued by classification societies such as DNV-GL and Lloyd’s Register. While traditional car carriers are covered to a great extent in terms of scantling loads and structural requirements, there exists a regulatory gap for vessels powered by the wind. Four different concepts for the rig foundations are developed. They are all using transverse and longitudinal bulkheads for transferring loads from the rigs to adjacent hull structure. The foundation concepts are then evaluated by creating a finite element model representing the midship section of the ship. The model includes three rig foundations and generally follows the preliminary scantlings of the wPCC. For reference, a model without rigs is also created. The bow and stern of the vessel are excluded in the model and some other model simplifications are also made. The accuracy of stress levels is thus not sufficient for final sizing of the conceptual solutions but the qualitative differences should be valid. The focus of the study is thus how the four concepts compare with respect to each other. The main strength of the chosen approach is that it allows for comparison of multiple concepts. Had a more advanced approach been chosen, the results would likely prove to be of a higher accuracy but then at the expense of modeling effort and time. The transverse strength is deemed being critical for multiple deck car carriers such as the wPCC. Racking, the transverse shearing of the ship, is a common problem which is covered in detail by class guidelines. These loads, based on rule calculations, are therefore included in the analysis. The rig loads are in turn based on assumptions regarding parameters such as the wing geometry and rig weight. The results of the finite element models are evaluated at several critical areas, chosen as to represent different aspects of the structural response. Results from buckling analyses as well as characteristics such as cargo capacity are also recorded as to broaden the comparison. The different results represent criteria which the evaluation process is based on. Each criterion is given a weight to account for its importance. The Pugh method is then applied, yielding a score for each of the evaluated concepts. The total score consequently depends on the chosen weights. Regardless, the study clearly presents which concepts that are interesting and which should be discarded. Interestingly, the best performing concept turns out to be highly unconventional compared to supporting structures used in traditional shipbuilding. For the future, the rig loads as well as additional load cases should be addressed. Failure mechanisms such as fatigue will likely pose a problem, and at some stage a thorough, full scale finite element model should be created in order to accurately predict the response of the entire hull structure. However, the author believes that the presented study serves as a draft in identifying key aspects to consider when introducing wind propulsion in commercial shipping.
wPCC-projektet (wind powered car carrier) bedrivs gemensamt av Wallenius Marine, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan och SSPA Sweden. Genom att utveckla ett vinddrivet biltransportfartyg beräknas utsläppen minska med upp till 90 %. Detta examensarbete avhandlar delar av fartygsstrukturen med fokus på hållfasthet. Mer specifikt undersöks gränssnittet mellan segelriggarna och skrovet. Olika koncept för riggfundament utvecklas och jämförs med fokus på karaktäristika så som spänningar, brottmekanismer och lastkapacitet. Dimensionering av kommersiella fartyg styrs till stor del av regler utfärdade av klassällskap som DNV-GL och Lloyd’s Register. Medan traditionella biltransportfartyg omfattas av ett antal krav på dimensionerande laster och strukturkrav saknas det ordentliga regelverk för vinddrivna fartyg. Fyra olika koncept för riggfundamenten utvecklas. Samtliga använder sig av transversella och longitudinella skott för lastöverföring från riggarna till omgivande skrovstruktur. Koncepten utvärderas sedan genom att skapa en finita element-modell som representerar midskeppssektionen av fartyget. Modellen inkluderar tre riggfundament och följer till stor del preliminära ritningar av wPCC-fartyget. Som referens skapas även en modell utan riggar. Fören och aktern exkluderas i modellen utöver ett antal andra förenklingar. Precisionen på spänningsnivåer är därmed inte tillräcklig för att bestämma slutgiltiga dimensioner på koncepten men de kvalitativa skillnaderna koncepten emellan bör vara välgrundade. Studiens fokus är därför hur de fyra koncepten jämförs mot varandra. Den främsta fördelen med det valda tillvägagångssättet är att det möjliggör jämförandet av flera koncept. Om ett mer avancerat tillvägagångssätt använts skulle sannolikt resultaten vara mer precisa, men då till en högre kostnad i form av modelleringsarbete och tidsåtgång. Tvärskeppsstyrkan bedöms vara kritisk för biltransportfartyg med flera däck som wPCC-fartyget. Så kallad racking, transversell skjuvning av fartyget, är ett vanligt problem som avhandlas i detalj av klassregler. Rackinglaster baserade på klassregler inkluderas därför i analysen. Rigglasterna är i sin tur baserade på antaganden om parametrar som vinggeometri och riggvikt. Resultaten från finita element-modellerna utvärderas vid ett flertal kritiska områden valda för att representera olika aspekter av hur strukturen svarar på belastningarna. Resultat från bucklingsanalyser såväl som karaktäristika så som lastförmåga inkluderas också för att bredda jämförelserna. De olika resultaten representerar kriterier som utvärderingsprocessen baseras på. Varje kriterium ges en vikt för att ta hänsyn till dess betydelse. Pugh-metoden används sedan, vilket ger en poängsumma för varje koncept. Varje poängsumma beror därmed på valda vikter. Oavsett visar studien tydligt vilka koncept som är av intresse och vilka som kan förkastas. Intressant nog visar studien att konceptet med högst poäng är högst okonventionellt jämfört med bärande strukturer som används inom traditionell skeppsbyggnad. Inför framtiden bör riggbelastningarna såväl som ytterligare lastfall beaktas. Brottmekanismer som utmattning kommer sannolikt att utgöra problem och vid något tillfälle bör en stor, fullskalig finita element-modell skapas för att med högre precision förutse hur hela skrovstrukturen svarar på belastningarna. Författaren bedömer oavsett att denna studie fungerar som ett utkast till att identifiera nyckelaspekter vid introduktion av vind som framdrivning för kommersiell sjöfart.
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5

Satakopan, Hariram. "Time-Frequency Feature Extraction for Impact Sound Quality Analysis with Emphasis on Automobile Applications." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1299168649.

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6

Miao, Yuyang. "Mechanics of textile composites : from geometry to mechanical properties /." Search for this dissertation online, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.

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7

Ozsipahi, Mumin. "Design Of A Car Door Window Regulator." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610937/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, design of a car door window regulator is presented. This design comprises a mechanism in order that the car door window makes a specified translational motion. First, conceptual design is carried out to obtain the best suitable concept for the design and best suitable concept comes out to be a scissor mechanism. Afterwards, detailed design of the chosen concept is given. In the detail design stage, kinematic synthesis of the mechanism is performed basically using the Cardan motion. Lastly, implementation of the design on a car door is described.
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8

Hou, Bing. "Mechanisms of Ca2+ entry and mechanical sensation in the vasculature." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7803/.

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Both Ca2+ entry and shear stress sensation of vascular cells play important roles not only in vascular physiology, but also pathology. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of these processes could greatly help the therapeutic strategies to treat vascular diseases like atherosclerosis. The overall aim of this research was to develop a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of Ca2+ entry and shear stress sensation in the vasculature. Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC) proteins assemble to form channels for calcium and sodium ion entry. TRPC5 readily forms functional homomers, whereas TRPC1 forms functional heteromers with TRPC5 but has weak or no channel function on its own. In this study, impact of cholesterol on these proteins was investigated, because it is an important membrane constituent and driver of cardiovascular and other diseases. I found that TRPC5-mediated calcium entry is suppressed by cholesterol due to internalization of TRPC5 via the caveolin-1-dependent retraction mechanism but that TRPC1 prevents the internalization by heteromerising with TRPC5 and causing segregation to a membrane raft rich in GM1 ganglioside and dissociated from caveolin-1. Endogenous TRPC5 containing channels of vascular smooth muscle cells are stimulated by exogenous GM1 gangliosides and resistant to inhibition by cholesterol. The data suggest that a previously unrecognized purpose of incorporating a subunit in a heteromer is to segregate the protein complex to a membrane raft that is protected against cholesterolevoked internalization. Force sensors used by endothelial cells to detect fluid shear stress are pivotal in vascular physiology and disease but there is lack of clarity about their identity. Here I show that a recently-discovered calcium-permeable channel formed by Piezo1 is important in sensing physiological shear stress and in driving a key downstream functional event. Calcium influx evoked by physiological shear stress depended on endogenous Piezo1. Exogenous Piezo1 confers sensitivity to shear stress on otherwise resistant cells. Real-time subcellular tracking studies showed accumulation of Piezo1 at the endothelial cell leading edge. Depletion of endogenous Piezo1 prevented endothelial cell alignment to shear stress. Calpain activation and focal adhesion is the mechanism of Piezo1-dependent alignment of endothelial cells to shear stress. Piezo1 also crosstalks with CD31, which is a component of a known shear stress sensory complex. The data suggest that Piezo1 has the dual function of sensing physiological shear stress and driving downstream endothelial cell alignment through calcium ion entry and a calpain-focal adhesion mechanism. Alignment of endothelial cells has major roles in physiology and various disease processes which include protection against atherosclerosis. In summary, this research has generated new knowledge and hypotheses about molecular mechanism of Ca2+ entry and mechanical sensation of vascular cells under physiological and pathological conditions, which may help generate new strategies to treat cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis.
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9

Thornton, Ian. "Mechanical properties of dental resin composite CAD/CAM blocks." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/48603.

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Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the flexural strength (σf), flexural modulus (Ef) and fracture toughness (KIC) of two new commercially available nano-ceramic resin composite CAD/CAM blocks (Lava Ultimate and Enamic) and compare them to those of a widely-used ceramic CAD/CAM block (IPS e.max), that served as a control, in order to evaluate the clinical suitability of the former. Materials and Methods: Fifty bars of Lava Ultimate and Enamic and twenty-five bars of e.max were made for three-point bending testing (to determine σf and Ef). Testing was completed on an Instron machine whereby a force was applied at a constant crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure occurred. Twenty-four 6x6x6x12 mm equilateral triangular prisms were fabricated from Lava Ultimate and Enamic and twelve from e.max for fracture toughness (KIC) testing using the notchless triangular prism specimen (NTP) KIC test. Half of the prepared Lava Ultimate and Enamic samples were stored in 37°C water for 30 days prior to testing, to analyze the aging effect. Weibull statistics were used to evaluate the characteristic strength and the reliability of each material. Two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Scheffé comparisons were used to further analyze the results. Results: The σf, Ef and KIC of Lava Ultimate and Enamic were considerably lower than that of IPS e.max. Aging of Lava Ultimate and Enamic lowered the σf by 27 % and 12 % but increased the KIC by 10 % and 40 %, respectively. Aging also significantly lowered Ef of both samples. The σf of Enamic was statistically significantly lower than that of Lava Ultimate, while the Ef of Enamic was statistically significantly higher. Only in the aged samples were significant differences between KIC detected. Conclusion: When compared to conventional resin composites, the presence of ceramic nano-particles in Lava Ultimate and Enamic did not greatly improve σf or KIC of these materials. The flexural modulus of Enamic was greatly improved to levels not seen before in dental resin composites. Based on the mechanical testing results obtained in this study, their consideration and clinical use should be similar to that of conventional dental resin composites.
Dentistry, Faculty of
Graduate
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10

Dhamija, Dinesh. "Macintosh - Bridgeport communications CAD/CAM." Ohio : Ohio University, 1988. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1182784285.

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11

Whelan, Peter Timothy. "CAD/CAM data base management systems requirements for mechanical parts." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17692.

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12

Lezra, Esther Margaret. "Looking for monsters : mechanism of history, mechanisms of power /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3170235.

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13

Schoenmakers, Sean A. "Handicapped car lifting seat." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62991.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Currently there is a lack of assistance in automobile usage for the older people of our society. In an attempt to combat this problem, this thesis designs and builds a working conceptual model of a handicapped car lifting seat. An initial cost analysis is performed, an apparatus is designed, all necessary materials are gathered, an apparatus is constructed, and the device is tested. The result was the successful completion of a device that successfully assists in the lifting of up to a 300 lb. person out of their car. With some further development, this handicapped car lifting seat could hopefully be used in real life.
by Sean A. Schoenmakers.
S.B.
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14

Alzahrani, Abdulrahman Hassan. "Mechanical Properties of Selected CAD/CAM and Conventional Interim Fixed Restorative Materials." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10930968.

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Aim: To measure and compare flexural strength, modulus of elasticity and hardness of some of the commercially available CAD/CAM and conventional materials used to fabricate interim fixed dental prostheses.

Hypotheses: The null hypotheses are: 1-There is no statistical significant deference in the flexural strength among any of the tested materials. 2-There is no statistical significant deference in the modulus of elasticity among any of the tested materials. 3-There is no statistical significant deference in the hardness among any of the tested materials.

Materials and methods: The preparation and testing was carried out in University at Buffalo, School of Dental medicine and Ivoclar Vivadet R&D lab (Amherst, NY, USA) as MS in Oral Sciences thesis project.

Material included in the study were Integrity (Dentsply Caulk), Telio CAD, Telio Lab (Ivoclar Vivadent), Jet (Lang Dental) and Tuff Temp (Pulpdent).

For flexural strength and modulus of elasticity, 10 specimens (2 ± 0.1 mm) x (2 ± 0.1mm) x (25 ± 1.0 mm) and A3 shade (ISO 4049:2009) prepared and subjected to 3 unit bending test until fracture. ANOVA and multiple comparisons done.

For hardness, rectangular cube specimens were indented 15 times using Vickers hardness testing machine. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test was done.

Results: for flexural strength Integrity and Telio CAD were significantly higher than Telio Lab, Jet and Tuff Temp (p < 0.05). Telio Lab was significantly higher than Jet and Tuff Temp (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant deference in the flexural strength between Telio CAD and Integrity (p = 0.993) and between Jet and Tuff Temp (p = 0.710).

For modulus of elasticity Integrity was significantly higher than all other groups (p < 0.05). Telio CAD was significantly higher than Jet and Tuff Temp (p < 0.05). Telio Lab was significantly higher than Jet (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant differences between Telio Lab and Telio CAD (p = 0.5), between Telio Lab and Tuff Temp (p = 0.318), and between Jet and Tuff Temp (p = 0.873).

For hardness Jet was significantly lower than all other groups (P > 0.05). Integrity was significantly higher than all other groups (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference among Telio Lab, Telio CAD and Tuff Temp with (p = 1) in all comparisons.

Conclusions: Integrity scored the highest flexural strength, highest modulus of elasticity, and hardness. The order from highest to lowest flexural strength is: Integrity > Telio CAD > Telio Lab > Jet > Tuff Temp. The order from highest to lowest modulus of elasticity is: Integrity > Telio CAD > Telio Lab > Tuff Temp > Jet. The order from highest to lowest hardness is: Integrity > Telio CAD > Tuff Temp > Telio Lab > Jet.

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15

Alhenaki, Aasem Mutlaq. "Comparison Of Mechanical And Optical Properties Between Three Different CAD/CAM Materials." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2015. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_cdm_stuetd/67.

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Objective. This study aims to compare several mechanical and optical properties between three different CAD/CAM materials. The properties tested are: flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, hardness, translucency and surface gloss. Background. Typically, CAD/CAM restorations are either ceramic based or resin based. A new resin-ceramic hybrid material has recently been introduced and is thought to combine the advantages of both materials. Methods. Samples were divided into three groups, leucite-reinforced porcelain (IPS Empress CAD), lithium dicilicate (IPS e.max CAD) and resin-ceramic hybrid material (Vita Enamic). Twenty-six bar-shaped specimens were fabricated for each group by cutting standard CAD/CAM blocks. 3-point bending test and Vickers diamond pyramid indenters were used to test the flexural strength and microhardness respectively. Seven veneers were fabricated for each material with a thickness of 0.5 mm using a CAD/CAM milling machine. These veneers were used to test the optical properties via spectrophotometry and gloss-meter analysis. One-way ANOVA, and the Tukey HSD post hoc test were used for statistical analysis between the groups (P
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16

Tidwell, Paul H. "Wrapping CAM mechanisms." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39149.

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17

Neal, Terance (Terance K. )., and David Hill. "Frontal collision analysis of City Car." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63031.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 39).
This experiment tests the proposed crash system of the CityCar. The car is to fold during the crash to help decrease the impact force experienced by the passengers. The experiment was conducted by running a simulation of the car crashing into a wall compared to that of a rigid car with no folding, and by building a one-fifth scale wooden model of the CityCar, running it into a wall, and measuring the force upon impact. The simulation was ran at 20 mph, 50 mph, and 80 mph, with weight ratios between the front and back of the car respectively of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1, and 3:1, as well as three variations in the damping of the folding process. Both experiments show that the folding car experienced lower forces than the rigid car. The variations done in the simulation suggest that a back heavy car with considerable damping is best, but these results were a bit inconsistent and unclear and, therefore, will be tested more completely in the future. Results suggest that folding during a crash provides significant help, but this experiment only provides preliminary feedback useful for future analysis of the CityCar.
by Terance Neal [and] David Hill.
S.B.
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18

Kirkby, Nicholas (Nicholas J. ). "Reuse of hybrid car power systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98967.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 37).
Used hybrid car power systems are inexpensive and capable of tens of kilowatts of power throughput. This paper documents a process for using the second generation Toyota Prius inverter module to drive a three phase permanent magnet synchronous motor/generator from Ford hybrid vehicle. A lightweight housing and a rotor position sensor for the motor/generator are constructed to allow it to be used outside of the original bulky transaxle. Field oriented control is implemented on a microcontroller which interfaces with the motor/generator and the Prius inverter module. The motor, inverter, and controller are installed on a demonstration vehicle for the purpose of load testing.
by Nicholas Kirkby.
S.B.
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19

Walker, Peter David. "“CAD-on” interfaces - a fracture mechanics characterization." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62663.

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Abstract Objective: “CAD-on” crowns, consisting of CAD/CAM milled lithium disilicate (LS2) veneers glass-fused to CAD/CAM milled yttrium oxide stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) framework, have shown promise in increasing veneer fracture resistance. The glass fusion technique is purported to result in stronger bonding between veneer and framework when compared to conventional veneering. The objective of this study was to apply fracture mechanics methodology to characterize the interfaces present in “CAD-on” crowns. Methods: The notchless triangular prism (NTP) specimen fracture toughness (KIC) test was used to determine interfacial KIC. Four groups, each consisting of 6X6X6X12mm NTP specimens (n=22), were produced from IPS Emax CAD (LS2), IPS Emax ZirCAD (Y-TZP), and IPS Emax ZirPress and crystal connect™(CC) fusing glass. Groups I (Emax/CC/Emax), II (Zir/CC/Zir), and III (Zir/CC/Emax) utilized half-size (6X6X6X6mm) NTP specimens approximated under vibration with the connecting glass and sintered according to manufacturers’ guidelines. Group IV specimens were coated with ZirLiner and pressed with IPS Emax ingots. The specimens were tested using a computer controlled (Bluehill) Instron 4301. Results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, Scheffé multiple means comparisons (α=0.05) and Weibull statistics. All fractured surfaces were characterized with a light microscope. Selected fractured interfaces were characterized under a scanning electron microscope. Results: Groups I-III demonstrated a cohesive mode of failure. Number and size of defects appeared to correlate with the variability of K1C values. There were no significant differences between the KIC values of the “CAD-on” interfaces. Interfacial KIC values were limited by KIC of CC. The “CAD-on” KIC value was significantly greater than that of the ZirPress control. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, KIC of interfaces produced during the “CAD-on” technique appear to be limited by the interfacial KIC of the connecting glass and the defects produced during processing. In this study, “CAD-on” produced veneers had stronger interfacial KIC than a conventionally veneered control group.
Dentistry, Faculty of
Graduate
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20

Ng, Annie Yuhn-Chee. "The mechanics of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:390fbe37-77a5-42da-aa61-5be8e9b90955.

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Cam-type Femoro-Acetabular Impingement (FAI) is a common cause of hip osteoarthritis (OA). In this condition a bony abnormality at the head-neck junction of the femoral head, called the “cam”, abuts against the acetabulum causing labral damage and articular cartilage delamination, which in turn may lead to progressive degeneration and OA. The understanding of the damage mechanism is currently at a conceptual level. The aim of the thesis is to develop a more detailed understanding of the underlying mechanism so as to improve methods of detection and treatment of cam-type FAI and thus to help prevent hip OA. A geometric-kinematic model combining hip joint motion and hip joint geometry was cre- ated to determine what motions, activities or cam shapes give rise to cam-type impingement, which was quantified by the proximity of the acetabular and femoral bony surfaces. Five normal subjects and five symptomatic cam-type FAI patients were modelled. The FAI patients experienced early impingement during the impingement test but did not have impingement during common functional activities. The early impingement was possibly due to the larger coverage and protrusion of their cams and the smaller overall proximity in their hip joints. A 2D finite element (FE) model was created to simulate cam-type FAI. As idealised 2D rectangular and circular geometries did not reproduce the damage seen clinically, subject- specific geometry, loads, and motions were introduced. Under some circumstances, as the cam entered the hip joint, large shear strains developed near the cartilage-bone interface of the acetabulum which would result in cartilage delamination. In vitro experiments were undertaken to validate the FE model and verify the damage mech- anism by which cam-type FAI leads to cartilage delamination. Porcine cartilage-bone samples were loaded under conditions similar to those generated by a cam (shear and compression). A validation FE model was created that used the same material and contact representations and analysis framework as the impingement FE model but mimicked the experimental setup. The cartilage shear strains assessed with a video-based method were similar to predicted FE results. In vitro damage experiments demonstrated that delamination can be caused by repetitive shear and compressive loading that lead to large shear strains near the cartilage-bone interface. The impingement FE model was used to further explore the effect of cam anatomy. In hips with low clearance, cams with large protrusions (75% hip joint clearance) would not enter into the hip joint, but caused high shear strains in the labrum, which would result in labral tears. A narrower cam caused damage to the labral tip, whereas a wider cam caused damage to the labral-bone junction. In contrast, cams with small protrusion (25% hip joint clearance) were able to enter the joint and caused damage at the articular cartilage-bone interface, which would result in cartilage delamination. The wider the cam, the further into the hip joint the damage was initiated. The FE model was used to explore the effect of different labral anatomy and of reshaping surgery. A labrum connected to the articular cartilage resulted in shear strains of up to five times greater in the articular cartilage and labrum compared to an unconnected labrum and was more likely to cause articular cartilage delamination. For a cam that damages the articular cartilage, surgical removal of the cam reduced shear strains. For a cam that abuts the labrum, surgical removal of the cam eliminated labral abutment and increased the range of motion of the hip, but resulted in greater shear strains in the articular cartilage. It is not known whether these shear strains are normal or could possibly be damaging. Also, reshaping the head to be spherical resulted in slightly reduced shear strains in the articular cartilage compared to the current surgical practice of cutting deeper into the femoral head when removing the cam. This study has, for the first time, using a validated FE model demonstrated the mechanism by which a cam can cause articular cartilage delamination and labral tearing. Further analysis using the geometric and FE model should help identify cam deformities that would be likely to cause OA and the best way to treat them surgically so as to prevent OA.
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Baker, Tyson J. "Attribution Standardization for Integrated Concurrent Engineering." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd873.pdf.

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22

Pennington, Sandra Lynn. "Automatic geometric modeling of spatial mechanism links." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91056.

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This thesis introduces GENMOD, a collection of subroutines which allow automatic geometric modeling of 3-D models for spatial links or linkages given a minimum amount of information as input. The subroutines utilize the CADCD (CADAM, Inc.) geometry interface software to enter 3-D data directly into the CAD/CAM database. Wire-frame and surface models are produced. Input is accepted from user created files with a standardized format allowing the GENMOD subroutines to be implemented regardless of the synthesis and analysis routines used. The realistic visualization of a mechanism during the synthesis and analysis process can help the mechanism designer to eliminate unacceptable linkage configurations in the early design stages thereby saving time and money. A complete description of the subroutines is provided in addition to sample graphic output.
M.S.
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23

Bremer, Einar, and Viktor Landemoo. "Mechanisms for rear wheelsteering on a Formula Student car." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-230611.

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In this thesis the requirements for a rear wheel steering mechanism aimed to be implementedon KTH:s Formula Student car were evaluated. The requirements were obtainedby using already known loads, an analysis of how the quickly the driver turns the steeringwheel during track driving from video material and the Formula Student rulebook whichthe car is designed after. After the requirements were produced a number of concepts wereproduced and evaluated against each other. The concept that was given the highest scorewas a rack and pinion concept with a rotary actuator which was developed further.The design was made by first selecting an actuator with a planetary gearbox that couldfulfill the speed and load requirements and afterwards with CAD a design that could beintegrated on the car was made. The concept weighed around 1,7 kg and was compatiblewith the requirements.
I detta arbete undersöktes kraven som ställs på ett bakhjulsstyrningssystem för implementering på KTH:s Formula Student bil. Kraven togs fram genom att använda redan kända laster, en analys av hur snabbt föraren svänger utifrån videomaterial samt regelboken som alla formulastudentbilar är konstruerade efter. Efter att kraven tagits fram utvärderades ett antal koncept där det bästa konceptet, kuggstångsmekanism med ett roterande ställdon utvecklades vidare. Prototypdesignen gjordes genom att först välja ett ställdon med planetväxellåda som skulle klara av kraven och därefter med hjälp av CAD skapa en integrerbar design. Det färdiga konceptet väger ca 1,7 kg och klarar alla ställda krav.
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Holuša, David. "Návrh stabilizačního mechanismu pro FPV kamery s využitím CAD/CAM systémů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231463.

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This diploma thesis provides a comprehensive proposal of stabilization mechanism for sensing and FPV camera for remote controlled propeller plane. Summarizes the current human knowledge milestones in the field and describes the current state of knowledge and the market situation. Taking into account all acquired knowledge the author then describes two different design proposals outlining its related processes, such as manufacturing, electronics installation and commissioning.
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Kawati, Rafael. "Evaluation of Respiratory Mechanics by Flow Signal Analysis : With Emphasis on Detecting Partial Endotracheal Tube Obstruction During Mechanical Ventilation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6343.

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Evaluating respiratory mechanics during dynamic conditions without interrupting ongoing ventilation and flow, adds to the information obtained from the mechanics derived from static (= no flow) conditions, i.e., the flow signal has the potential to provide information on the properties of the respiratory system (including the tubing system). Hence monitoring the changes in the flow signal during ongoing mechanical ventilation would give information about the dynamic mechanics of the respiratory system. Any change in the mechanics of the respiratory system including the endotracheal tube (ETT) and the ventilatory circuit would affect the shape of the flow signal.

Knowledge of the airway pressure distal to the ETT at the carina level (= tracheal pressure) is required for calculating the extra resistive load exerted by the endotracheal tube in order to compensate for it. In a porcine model, the flow signal was used to non-invasively calculate tracheal pressure. There was good agreement between calculated and measured tracheal pressure with different modes of ventilation. However, calculation of tracheal pressure assumes that the inner diameter of the ETT is known, and this assumption is not met if the inner diameter is narrowed by secretions. Flow that passes a narrowed tube is decelerated and this is most pronounced with the high flow of early expiration, yielding a typical time constant over expiratory volume pattern that is easy to recognize during mechanical ventilation. This pattern reliably detected partial endotracheal obstruction during volume and pressure controlled mechanical ventilation.

A change in compliance of the respiratory system modifies the elastic recoil and this also affects the rate of the expiratory flow and the shape of its signal. In a porcine model, lung volume gains on the flow signal generated by the heartbeats (cardiogenic oscillations) provided information about the compliance of the respiratory system during ongoing mechanical ventilation

In conclusion analyzing the flow signal during ongoing ventilation can be a cheap, non-invasive and reliable tool to monitor the elastic and resistive properties of the respiratory system including the endotracheal tube.

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Wilson, Andrew Kirk 1977. "Design of an automated on-car brake lathe." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8550.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-92).
An on-car brake lathe resurfaces disk-brake rotors by rotating them "in place" and making a light cut along the surface of the disk. The primary goal of this thesis is to develop an automated cutting head for an on-car brake lathe. The new cutting head must produce a surface finish that matches or exceeds that of the current (manual) cutting head. Pro-Cut International, a leading manufacturer of on-car brake lathes, developed functional requirements and cost constraints for the automated cutting head. Technical challenges include design and fabrication of low-cost precision linear bearings and actuators with dynamic stiffness sufficient to suppress chatter. During this thesis, two prototype cutting heads were designed, manufactured, and tested. The first prototype employed modular linear bearings, and produced unacceptable surface finish due to chatter. Cutting-tip vibration measurements combined with modal testing showed that chatter was caused by low structural stiffness of the modular bearing rails. A second prototype employing a unitary ground bearing system produced an acceptable surface finish of 70 [mu] -inch at 0.015" depth of cut per side. The key components of this design can be extruded and sliced to form the assembly, thereby meeting cost constraints.
by Andrew Kirk Wilson.
S.M.
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27

Yusuf, Solieman Osama. "CAD-CAM ceramic veneers : tooth preparation status, accuracy of Intra Oral Scanner and mechanical behavior." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT044/document.

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Au cours des vingt dernières années, les facettes céramiques sont devenues une solution esthétique très répandue en raison de leur conception de préparation peu invasive, de leurs propriétés biocompatibles, de leur similitude avec la couleur naturelle des dents, ainsi que de leur translucidité et de leur résistance mécanique aux forces occlusales et à l’usure [1]. La définition des facettes dentaires est celle de « coquilles » très minces, faites sur mesure de matériaux de la couleur de la dent, conçues pour recouvrir la face avant ou la face supérieure des dents afin d' en améliorer l'esthétique et/ou corriger des problèmes occlusaux. Elles sont collées aux dents et pourront en modifier la couleur la forme, et le volume [2].Elles trouvent ainsi de multiples indications à différents endroits sur les arcades dentaires sur les faces vestibulaires des dents antérieures ou plus récemment pour restaurer les surfaces occlusales corriger une occlusion déficiente [3, 4].Ces restaurations modernes se sont développées avec l'arrivée de nouveaux matériaux de reconstructions et de collages, ainsi que de nouveaux modes de conception et fabrication répondant à des exigences de simplicité, de rapidité et de précision.Pour préparer la dent à recevoir une facette, l'oscillation d’inserts ultrasonores a été proposée pour améliorer la finition des lignes marginales et optimiser l’état de surface [5].Pour leur fabrication, outre les méthodes prothétiques classiques, la CFAO (conception assistée par ordinateur - fabrication assistée par ordinateur) au développement exponentiel [6, 7 permet de réaliser une prothèse restauratrice en une seule visite en clinique avec la précision que permettent l’optique (empreintes) et la robotique (fabrication de la facette) ;[8-14]. D’autre part l’apparition de nouvelles céramiques a permis d'améliorer leur esthétique et d'augmenter leur durabilité, qu'elle soit antérieure ou occlusale.Notre première étude portait sur de nouveaux outils permettant d'optimiser la procédure de préparation des facettes. L'utilisation ou non d‘inserts oscillants sur la qualité de l'état de surface de la dent traitées pour une telle préparation. Cette question importante et récurrente, [15] pose le problème de la qualité de l'état de surface destiné à recevoir par collage une pellicule de céramique de faible épaisseur. La pérennité de ce type de prothèse dépend essentiellement du collage avec les tissus dentinaires préparés [16, 17]. La littérature, atteste d’une meilleure qualité de collage entre des surfaces dentaires rugueuses et les matériaux de restauration [18-22]. Toutefois, une question se pose concernant la qualité de cette rugosité lorsque
The first chapter of the thesis relieved the dentists from thinking a lot about the produced roughness regardless to the preparation tool. The roughness is a critical factor to the stability, to the retention, and eventually to the success of the ceramic veneers especially for the esthetic anterior veneers. This will speed up the procedure of achieving a fast treatment for the patients with the CAD-CAM systems. For the upcoming steps, an investigation is recommended to estimate the amount of the inquired roughness to achieve the minimum necessary adhesion value for the retention of the ceramic veneers, and vice versa, another investigation to evaluate the capability of the preparation tools in transferring the same roughness from the preparation tool grains to the target surface (dentin or enamel).152The second study had filled the gap of how to evaluate the IOS systems regardless to the recent common criteria, and the thesis created a novel measure (noise) to be used. The study asks the dentists to pay attention to other criteria to consider when buying an IOS system regardless to the criteria that already exists and had been directed by the producing companies. The thesis states that the noise increases when the direction of the IOS is changed. More attention should be paid at the transitional lines between the scanned surfaces while designing the digital model. An enhancement is demanded to compensate for (or if possible, to eliminate) this noise
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Shelley, Jonathan Knighton. "Incorporating Computational Fluid Dynamics Into The Preliminary Design Cycle." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd979.pdf.

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KOTNI, DEEPAK. "A CAD/CAE DRIVEN AUTOMATED DESIGN OPTIMIZATION STUDY OF AUTOMOTIVE REAR SUSPENSION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1130587319.

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30

Thieme, Sandra, and Magdalena Wingren. "Understanding fracture mechanisms of the upper extremities in car accidents." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2571.

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The aim of this study was to understand injury mechanisms behind fractures of the upper extremities in car accidents. Volvo Car Corporation initiated this project based on the fact that no safety system today focuses on preventing injuries to the upper extremity. A literature study was undertaken focusing on the basic anatomy of the upper extremity, different fracture types and fracture mechanisms. Three subsets, from 1998 – January 2009, were selected from Volvo’s statistical accident database: 1) all occupants involved in an accident 2) all occupants with a MAIS2+ injury 3) all occupants with an upper extremity fracture. These subsets were used in a comparison, using frequency analyses. The comparison analysis showed that frontal impact is the dominating accident type for all three subsets. The comparison analysis also indicated that the risk for upper extremity fractures follows the pattern of MAIS2+ injury risk. An in-depth study using 92 selected cases, including 80 occupants, was also performed. All available information, such as medical records, questionnaires completed by the occupants and photographs from the accident scene was collected and analysed. The analysis of the in-depth study, together with knowledge retrieved from the literature study, resulted in six different mechanism groups that were used to categorise fractures. The groups were then analysed individually in regard to accident type and fractured segment of the upper extremity. Analysis of the mechanism groups showed that frontal impact is the dominating accident type in these subsets as well. It could also be seen that the fractures occurring in the in-depth study are quite evenly distributed along the upper extremities. Upper extremity injuries are relatively infrequent in car accidents but may result in long-term disability, including chronic deformity, pain, weakness and loss of motion. More attention is therefore necessary in order to develop a safer environment for car occupants.

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Mora, Fontelles Alejandro. "Concept Development of a Recliner Mechanism for a Car Seat." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192840.

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Nowadays, there are more and more regulations regarding the emissions of greenhouse gases. The automotive sector is directly affected by new standards enacted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in America and by European regulations in Europe that are forcing car manufacturers to produce more efficient cars. Different ways exist to increase the efficiency of a car and thus reduce the CO2 emissions. One known strategy to improve fuel economy in vehicles is by weight reduction. Consequently, car manufacturers are seeking out new companies that can supply them with lighter car components. Here is where VA Automotive enters the picture, as a car seat manufacturer that is willing to improve their product by reducing the weight of its various components. This study deals with the development of a new recliner design that demonstrates improvements in terms of weight, size and performance compared to the current solution used at VA Automotive. A common product development methodology has been developed to reach the final recliner design which went through the following steps. First of all, a benchmarking technique was adopted to gather as much data as possible from the competitors’ products. Then, a list of target values for the product specifications was defined as a guideline for the development of the product. The next step was to generate several concepts of recliner’s mechanism that were suitable to improve the design from VA Automotive. After that, a Pugh decision matrix was used to select the best alternative between the concepts generated previously. The optimal concept was further developed by generating four design alternatives that were analyzed in terms of manufacturing, assembly, weight and size by using the Lucas DFMA method. Finally some simulations were run for one of the designs in order to check the structural performance of the mechanism and prove this way that the new recliner design meets the requirements. When comparing the new design alternatives with the design from VA Automotive, it was noticed that all the new designs except one presented a lower manufacturing cost index. Moreover, for all of the alternatives of the new recliner design, the weight was reduced by more than 56% compared to the recliner used at VA Automotive. Finally, by means of FEM simulations it was demonstrated that by choosing the right material the new recliner design was able to meet the structural requirements.
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Ekman, Felix, and Sofia Hansson. "Pneumatic jumping car." Thesis, KTH, Mekatronik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-296101.

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As new challenges presents themselves continuously in today’s society the need for autonomous driving solutions is ever growing and with it: the need for creative solutions. This thesis investigates the pneumatic solution to making a car jump. The analysis of theoretical and testing results have demonstrated a correlation between the weight of the car and height of the jump. With the selected configuration it has been proven unattainable to make the car jump. Further research should look into the optimization of the pneumatic system, specifically the mass flow rate throughout the whole system.
I dagens samhälle presenteras nya utmaningar dagligen och behovet av autonoma lösningar i fordon ökar ständigt. I takt med det ökar behovet av kreativa lösningar. Detta examensarbete undersöker pneumatiska lösningen bakom att få en bil att hoppa. Analysen av teoritiska och experimentiella resultat visar en korrelation mellan bilens vikt och den möjliga hopphöjden. Med den valda konfigurationen är det inte möjligt att utföra hoppet och åtgärder tas upp i disskusionen. Vidare forskning bör undersöka optimeringen av det pneumatiska systemet, specifikt på hur det maximala massflödet kan uppnås i systemet.
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Long, Christopher Robert. "Analysis of a car door subjected to side impact." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20401.

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The study presented in this thesis focuses on the response of a side impact beam located in a car door to impact loading in close conformation to the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 214 (FMVSS 214) standard. The side impact beam is situated in both the front and rear side doors of a vehicle between the inner and outer shells to minimise intrusion into the passenger compartment whilst absorbing as much impact energy as possible in a collision. While some manufacturers use tubular side impact beams, others use corrugated structures. Different materials are also considered, depending on the class of vehicle, a nd market for which it is intended. In this study, a numerical model of a light -weight passenger car, developed by the National Crash Analysis Center (NCAC ) of The George Washington University under contract with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA ) of the United States Department of Transportation (US DOT ), was used to simulate a side impact on the front side door using the LS -DYNA R7.1.1 explicit solver . The resulting deformation of the door from the full vehicle model was used to design an experiment for an impact test on a passenger door, which was used to validate an equivalent numerical simulation. In the experiments, the car door was modified and subjected to a drop mass of 385 kg from a height of 1.27 m. The drop mass and height were chosen such that the maximum deflection in the car door impact test would be of similar magnitude to the deflecti n of the door in full vehicle model when subjected to an impact load in accordance with the FMVSS 214 Standard - which requires that the vehicle be projected into a rigid vertical 10 inch diameter pole at 29 km/h in a direction 75° to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle . The results from the numerical simulation of the struck door test were in good agreement with the experiments in both shape and magnitude of deformation. The behaviour of the side impact beam located in the passenger door was isolated and further studied. Drop test experiments on beams with square and round cross -sections were carried out to validate the equivalent finite element model. The drop mass and height of the striker was varied such that the transient response of the isolated side impact beam matched the response of the beam in the simulation of the equivalent door model and full vehicle model. In the impact test experiments, the tubular structures were subjected to a 200 kg mass dropped from six incrementally varying heights of 250- 500 mm. Both square and round tubes were observed to buckle at approximately 835 mm from the free end with different magnitude s of maximum deformation (depending on the drop height). The results from the numerical simulations showed good correlation with the experiments for shape and magnitude of deformation. A quadratic curve fit to the experimental maximum transverse deflection resulted in an R -squared value of 0.92 and 0.96 for the square and round tubes respectively. A parametric study was carried out on the side impact beam to investigate the effect of: Thickness and material of a singular tube configuration, and: Inner tube length and outer tube thickness of a compound tube structure. The performance of the different configurations were assessed in terms of Crash Force Efficiency (CFE and Specific Energy Absorption (SEA). A parametric study on the effect of the tube thickness showed that thicker tubes of the same material exhibited deformation of lo wer magnitude and had lower SEA. Aluminium tubes absorbed two or more times the energy per unit mass than the equivalent steel tubes. A round aluminium tube with a thickness of 2.175 mm was found to give the best balance between SEA and maximum deflection with values of 1.5 kJ/kg and 350 mm respectively. The compound tube configuration with the inner tube extended beyond the buckling point performed better in terms of SEA and maximum deflection provided the length of the inner tube did not exceed 90% of the length of the outer tube. The optimised compound tube configuration performed better than the single tube configuration in the full vehicle model with a 1mm reduction in the overall intrusion of the rigid pole.
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Daniel, Steffan John Rhys. "Towards developing CAD/CAM solutions in the retention of extra-oral facial prosthetics." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/7565.

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In the production of removable facial prosthetics, Computer-Aided Design and Manufacture (CAD/CAM) is being increasingly explored. This PhD thesis investigates the application of CAD/CAM in the design and production of components that retain the prostheses to the anatomy. Conventional methods of hand-crafting the retention elements are well established but little research has considered producing these elements using CAD/CAM. A fully digital prosthetic workflow has not yet been developed, and the efficacy of using CAD/CAM for retention mechanism design and fabrication remains unclear. This study firstly focuses on defining the requirements for designing extra-oral prosthesis retention mechanisms, by mapping the various stages of conventional practice and obtaining the opinions of practicing clinicians. Secondly, the qualitative findings are applied to develop a fully CAD/CAM process using existing technologies. Scanning, reverse engineering, design and fabrication technologies are trialled and samples of bar-clip mechanisms are produced. The final stage focuses on developing objective methods to evaluate aspects of bar-clip design previously limited to subjective evaluation, and to make an initial comparison of conventional and CAD/CAM bar-clip mechanisms. This focuses on measuring surface and dimensional quality, accuracy of fit and clip retention forces. This study provides an increased knowledge-base of current prosthetic practice; CAD/CAM prosthesis production and evaluation methods; and insight into the attitudes of clinicians towards the integration & implementation of CAD/CAM. The thesis demonstrates that CAD/CAM can be used to design, produce, and integrate bar-clip retention mechanisms in all aspects of the prosthesis production workflow. Digital measurement methods allow an objective evaluation of the important aspects of bar-clip mechanism design, identifying a number of inaccuracies/design flaws that current evaluation techniques fail to identify. The study concludes that the overall CAD/CAM workflow is not yet appropriate for clinical practice but there is potential in the newly developed processes and this drives future work.
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Thomson, Anne H. "The measurement of lung mechanics during neonatal intensive care." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377624.

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The aim of this thesis was to establish methods of measuring the mechanical properties of the respiratory system in small infants while they were being ventilated in the intensive care unit. A double pneumotachograph system which fitted in the ventilator bias flow-circuit was used to measure flow, overcoming the problems of adding resistance or dead space to the infant's breathing circuit. Two methods for measuring compliance in infants (< 1500 g) breathing spontaneously through endotracheal tubes were assessed. The traditional measurement of dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) using oesophageal pressue was compared with a technique for measuring total respiratory compliance (Crs) based on the utilisation of the Hering-Breuer reflex (Olinsky 1976) and using airway pressure. Values of Cdyn were poorly reproducible and correlated poorly with Crs and this was due to variability and inaccuracy of oesophageal pressure measurement in infants with chest wall distortion. Total respiratory compliance was reliably measured in intubated infants both when breathing spontaneously and when fully ventilated. Another approach based on the passive expiratory flow-volume relationship (Zin 1982) was developed for use in ventilated infants. The expiratory time constant (Trs) was measured and total respiratory resistance (Rrs) calculated from the relationship Trs = Rrs.Crs. This technique was validated by adding resistive loads and deriving new volumes for Rrs from the altered Trs. The first measurements of the time constant and respiratory resistance of preterm infants during the acute stage of illness were made using this technique. Representative mean values from 12 infants < 1500 g with hyaline membrane disease were Crs = 0.41 ml.cmH2O-1; Trs = 0.073 s; Rrs = 219 cmH2O.ℓ-1.s. A computerised technique was developed to enable these measurements to be made at the cotside. This provided a preliminary model for a lung function monitor to assess mechanical lung function continuously during neonatal ventilation.
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Torres, Arevalo Arturo Alejandro, and Changhao Han. "Air conditioning system modeling for car fuel economy simulation." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246125.

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The automotive air conditioning system is the greatest auxiliary load of a vehicle, having a considerable impact on its fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. For this reason, forecasting the influence that this sys-tem has on the fuel economy of a car is desired. The present work is dedicated to model the air conditioning system of a plug-in hybrid ve-hicle in order to predict its energy consumption. GT-SUITE was chosen as the simulation tool, where the air condi-tioner, which is a vapor-compression refrigeration system, was mod-eled by specifying its components: compressor, evaporator, thermal expansion valve and condenser. Moreover, additional sub-systems which influence the energy consumption were also considered, these are the vehicle’s cabin and the battery cooling loop. The simulated model shows good agreement with test data for impor-tant parameters such as the compressor power consumption and the air temperature after the evaporator. The percent difference between the test data and the simulation for the auxiliary power consumption (energy consumed by the A/C compressor and the charging load of the low voltage battery) is 6.25%.
På ett fordon utgör luftkonditioneringssystem den främsta extraordi-nära energibelastningen, vilket har stor påverkan på bränsleförbruk-ning och koldioxidutsläpp. Av detta skäl är det önskvärt att förutse det inflytande som detta system har på fordonets bränsleekonomi. Detta arbete är har för avsikt att simulera luftkonditioneringssystemet för ett plug-in hybridfordon för att förutsäga energiförbrukningen. GT-SUITE valdes som simuleringsverktyg, där klimatanläggningen, som är ett ångkomprimerat kylsystem, modellerades genom att speci-ficera komponenterna: kompressor, förångare, värmeutvidgningsven-til och kondensor. Dessutom beaktades ytterligare delsystem som på-verkar energiåtgången, nämligen fordonets hytt och batterikylnings-loop. Den simulerade modellen visar en god korrelation med testdata för be-tydelsefulla parametrar såsom kompressorns energiförbrukning och lufttemperaturen efter förångarsteget. Den procentuella skillnaden mel-lan testdata och simuleringen för den extra energiförbrukningen (ener-gi som förbrukas av A/C-kompressorn och laddningen av lågspän-ningsbatteriet) är 6,25%.
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Zhu, Baozhi. "Computational modelling of the mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline metals based on the deformation mechanisms and their transitions." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3232966.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed December 1, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 144-152).
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38

Turowski, Paweł [Verfasser]. "Molecular mechanisms of ventilator-induced acute kidney injury : Mechanical ventilation can modulate neutrophil recruitment to the kidney / Paweł Turowski." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1064838820/34.

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39

Sturnick, Gerald R. "Integration of computer-aided design techniques into the mechanical product development process /." Online version of thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10477.

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40

Reineman, Samuel (Samuel Thomas). "Design and analysis of a battery for a formula electric car." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83741.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 41).
The purpose of this paper is to present the philosophy and methodology behind the design of the battery pack for MITs 2013 Formula SAE Electric racecar. Functional requirements are established for the pack. An overview of cell chemistry, pack size and configuration selection process to meet these requirements is given. Next, the mechanical and electrical design and analysis of the major pack components is discussed. Finally, a transient thermal model of the pack is established to guide design choices about cooling.
by Samuel Reineman.
S.B.
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41

Hua, Cheyenne D. "Modeling and control of a four wheel drive Formula SAE car." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123291.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 42).
Formula SAE is a collegiate design competition in which student teams design, build, and race an electric formula racecar every year. In 2019, the MIT team built its first four wheel drive vehicle. The new architecture requires more robust and performant control systems. One major challenge is that the vehicle is not functional for the majority of the year. A longitudinal vehicle simulation was written and tested for the purpose of testing control algorithms without a physical testbed, as well as to learn more about vehicle behavior in general. The simulation was written in Simulink and the structure kept versatile so that it could be easily expanded in complexity in future years. Test data was used to successfully correlate the model to the actual system. Several launch control algorithms were also tested using this simulation, for both a rear wheel drive and four wheel drive architecture. Although basic, the control schemes produced promising results for both speed and stability, notably the normal force proportional controller.
by Cheyenne D. Hua.
S.B.
S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
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42

Meaders, John Christian. "An Optimization-Based Framework for Designing Robust Cam-Based Constant-Force Compliant Mechanisms." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1423.

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Constant-force mechanisms are mechanical devices that provide a near-constant output force over a prescribed deflection range. This thesis develops various optimization-based methods for designing robust constant-force mechanisms. The configuration of the mechanisms that are the focus of this research comprises a cam and a compliant spring fixed at one end while making contact with the cam at the other end. This configuration has proven to be an innovative solution in several applications because of its simplicity in manufacturing and operation. In this work, several methods are introduced to design these mechanisms, and reduce the sensitivity of these mechanisms to manufacturing uncertainties and frictional effects. The mechanism's sensitivity to these factors is critical in small scale applications where manufacturing variations can be large relative to overall dimensions, and frictional forces can be large relative to the output force. The methods in this work are demonstrated on a small scale electrical contact on the order of millimeters in size. The method identifies a design whose output force is 98.20% constant over its operational deflection range. When this design is analyzed using a Monte Carlo simulation the standard deviation in constant force performance is 0.76%. When compared to a benchmark design from earlier research, this represents a 34% increase in constant-force performance, and a reduction from 1.68% in the standard deviation of performance. When this new optimal design is evaluated to reduce frictional effects a design is identifed that shows a 36% reduction in frictional energy loss while giving up, however, 18.63% in constant force.
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43

Bowman, Kelly Eric. "Optimization Constrained CAD Framework with ISO-Performing Design Generator." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2599.pdf.

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44

Alkadi, Lubna T. "IPS e.max CAD and IPS e.max Press : fracture mechanics characterization." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/48598.

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Objective: To determine fracture toughness (KIC) and fatigue crack propagation (FCP) parameters for IPS e.max CAD and IPS e.max Press. Materials and methods: For KIC determinations, 20 (6x6x6x12mm) notchless triangular prism (NTP) specimens of IPS e.max CAD and IPS e.max Press were prepared. IPS e.max CAD blocks were cut, ground and then crystallized, while IPS e.max Press ingots were pressed into molds obtained from wax prisms. Each specimen was mounted into a holder and custom grips were used to attach the holder to a computerized universal testing machine (Instron model 4301). The assembly was loaded in tension at a crosshead speed of 0.1mm/min and KIC was calculated based on the recorded maximum load at fracture. Fractured surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results were statistically analyzed using Weibull statistics and t-test (⍺=0.05). For FCP characterization, a pilot test was done with three Plexiglas NTP samples. A pre-crack was initiated in one of the specimen edges. Several lines were scribed on the side of the specimen to monitor crack propagation. The specimens were mounted in the holder and then attached to custom grips on a servo hydraulic fatigue-testing machine (Instron model 8511). A strain gauge was attached to these grips to monitor crack opening displacement. Each specimen was cyclically loaded in tension (Mode I) in a load range between 1 and 20 N and crack length was monitored and filmed using a high definition video recorder (SONY HDR-XR550V) attached to a microscope (Edmund Scientific Co, Barrington, NJ). Video recording was terminated once catastrophic fracture of the specimen occurred. Cyberlink Power Director and Image J software were used in data analysis. Results: KIC values were significantly higher for IPS e.max Press than IPS e.max CAD. The pilot FCP tests on Plexiglas revealed limitations with regards to the applicability of NTP specimen KIC test to FCP studies due to the presence of a trapezoidal crack front in the specimens. Conclusion: IPS e.max Press is superior to IPS e.max CAD in KIC. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using a trapezoidal crack front in FCP studies.
Dentistry, Faculty of
Graduate
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45

Buchan, Lawrence Lewis. "Open MRI investigation of contact mechanics in cam femoroacetabular impingement." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52576.

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Cam femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a mechanical process thought to cause of hip osteoarthritis (OA). In cam FAI, it is thought that a ‘cam deformity’ on the femoral head-neck junction intrudes into the intra-articular joint space, inducing elevated mechanical force on acetabular cartilage. However, few experimental studies have measured contact mechanics in FAI. Open MRI in functional positions has potential to directly and non-invasively assess cam FAI, but MRI measures have not been related to mechanics. This thesis asked, in cadaver hips positioned in a simulated anterior impingement posture: (1) Does open MRI show intrusion of a cam deformity into the intra-articular joint space? (2) Is a cam deformity associated with elevated acetabular contact force? (3) Are MRI measures of cam FAI related to acetabular contact force? Cadaver hips (cam, n=9; controls, n=3) were positioned in a simulated anterior impingement posture, then imaged using open MRI with multi-planar reformatting. The β-angle was measured at 72 locations about the circumference of the femoral neck, and a binary ‘MRI cam-intrusion sign’ was defined (positive if βmin<0°). Hips were then instrumented with a piezoresistive sensor before conducting six repeated impingement trials, measuring acetabular contact force (F), centroid location, and distribution. A binary ‘contact-force sign’ (positive when F>20N) defined elevated contact force. Minimum β-angle ranged from 1.4° to -28.5° in cams versus 4.6° to -0.2° in controls. Cam hips were significantly more likely than controls to have a positive MRI cam-intrusion sign (p=0.0182, Fisher’s exact test) and positive contact-force sign (p=0.0083). There was a significant relationship between the MRI cam-intrusion sign and contact-force sign (p=0.033). This thesis established that open MRI measures of cam FAI relate to contact mechanics, indicating that open MRI has significant potential to investigate the biomechanics of cam impingement. Open MRI can be used to establish treatment guidelines and understand why some hips develop OA and some do not.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Graduate
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46

Barlow, Benjamin Stephen. "Poking Vesicles: What Molecular Dynamics can Reveal about Cell Mechanics." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32240.

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Because cells are machines, their structure determines their function (health). But their structure also determines cells’ mechanical properties. So if we can understand how cells’ mechanical properties are influenced by specific structures, then we can observe what’s happening inside of cells via mechanical measurements. The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) has become a standard tool for investigating the mechanical properties of cells. In many experiments, an AFM is used to ‘poke’ adherent cells with nanonewton forces, and the resulting deformation observed via, e.g. Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy. Results of such experiments are often interpreted in terms of continuum mechanical models which characterize the cell as a linear viscoelastic solid. This “top-down” approach of poking an intact cell —complete with cytoskeleton, organelles etc.— can be problematic when trying to measure the mechanical properties and response of a single cell component. Moreover, how are we to know the sensitivity of the cell’s mechanical properties to partial modification of a single component (e.g. reducing the degree of cross- linking in the actin cortex)? In contrast, the approach taken here —studying the deformation and relaxation of lipid bilayer vesicles— might be called a “bottom-up” approach to cell mechanics. Using Coarse- Grained Molecular Dynamics simulations, we study the deformation and relaxation of bilayer vesicles, when poked with constant force. The relaxation time, equilibrium area expansion, and surface tension of the vesicle membrane are studied over a range of applied forces. Interestingly, the relaxation time exhibits a strong force-dependence. Force-compression curves for our simulated vesicle show a strong similarity to recent experiments where giant unilamellar vesicles were compressed in a manner nearly identical to that of our simulations.
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47

Zheng, Chun Hua 1978. "Inchworm car seat drive : designing a linear actuator that mimics inchworm motion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29738.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 67).
A continuing goal in the automobile seat drive industry is to design lighter, smaller, more economical seat drives that offer excellent long-term performance. The way to achieve this goal is to minimize the number of parts and part complexity while meeting all safety and functional requirements. Current seat drives which use motorized lead screws are large and heavy. An alternative solution that the industry is exploring to replace the lead screw seat drive is a simple linear actuator. The goal of this project is to design an inchworm motion linear actuator that may be used as part of the seat drive system to provide fore-aft motion. The resulting final design is a simple system that consists of two modules, an actuation module and a clamping module. The actuation module is a simple motor-wobble plate assembly and the clamping module consists of spring-loaded jamming plates. The final prototype succeeded in inching the shaft forward in one direction, but failed at shifting directions. This failure can be remedied in future work by the introduction of an actuation guide plate as well as the more accurate and detailed machining of components.
by Chun hua Zheng.
S.B.
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48

Kang, Heejay. "An analysis of hybrid-electric vehicles as the car of the future." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40442.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-36).
This thesis will examine the validity of the benefits of the Hybrid-Electric Vehicle (HEV). With the recent focus on energy initiatives, reflected through Bush's state of the union, as well as President Hockfield's MIT Energy Initiative, we are heavily investing resources to tackle the energy consumption problem. The HEV is widely touted as the apparent answer to the global environmental concerns as a substitute to the conventional vehicle that can lower fuel usage and toxic emissions. We explore this environmentally responsible claim through four spectrums of interest: the consumer, the automaker, the government, and the environmentalist. After determining the different parameters that affect HEV integration, we can do a more thorough analysis of energy and cost consumption through the whole vehicle lifecycle, through the process of production, use, and disposal in a comparative study with other alternative fuel vehicles. We conclude with a policy recommendation to integrating HEV vehicles as a sustainable industry and how it fits into the picture for the future of the transportation industry.
by Heejay Kang.
S.B.
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49

Kinch, Samuel Sean. "Quantum mechanics and modern fiction." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3037511.

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50

Shooter, Steven B. "Information modeling in mechanical design : with application to cam mechanical design /." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-155414/.

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