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Schoenmakers, Sean A. "Handicapped car lifting seat." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62991.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Currently there is a lack of assistance in automobile usage for the older people of our society. In an attempt to combat this problem, this thesis designs and builds a working conceptual model of a handicapped car lifting seat. An initial cost analysis is performed, an apparatus is designed, all necessary materials are gathered, an apparatus is constructed, and the device is tested. The result was the successful completion of a device that successfully assists in the lifting of up to a 300 lb. person out of their car. With some further development, this handicapped car lifting seat could hopefully be used in real life.<br>by Sean A. Schoenmakers.<br>S.B.
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Dedic, Haris. "Humidity sensor for car seat." Thesis, University West, Department of Technology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-785.
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Niklasson, Johan. "Conceptual Design of Seat Belt Installation for Rear-facing Child Car Seat." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-73129.
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Children are more vulnerable in vehicles compared to adults in collisions. Two main reasons are the different body structure between these two and vehicles are more designed to fit adults. Children’s head is larger relative to their body mass and their neck muscle ligaments are still not fully developed. Children are therefore in need of a restraint system that match their anatomy to make them protected during transportation in vehicles. Crash tests have shown that if children up to the age of five use rear-facing child car seats are the chances reduced of injuries by five times compared to front-facing. This report describes the development project of a concept which enables to fasten a rear-facing child car seat with the car seat belt. The objective was to design the fastening components for a rear-facing child car seat that suits children up to five years and considering the regulations, ECE R44, and the Swedish Plus test. This is a Master thesis that has been in collaboration with Company Xand Havd Group in Gothenburg. The project aimed to deliver a digital concept of the fastening components with information about the material, manufacturing methods, product costs, and design form. Also, was the aim to gather information through the project on what it takes to develop a rear-facing child car seat. The project consisted of five phases: planning, pre-study, ideation, detailed design and at last presentation of the result. The first phase was to plan and coordinate the project. A pre-study was then made investigating the products on the market, interviews with both users and experts regarding safety for children in vehicles, relevant literature for developing a child car seat was also collected and regulations were studied. The ideation phase developed ideas and three concepts were taken forward for development. One concept was chosen after decision making and the concept was more detailed designed in CAD.The result is presented through a CAD model which illustrates the design form and chosen material. The result is a concept that fastens the car seat belt with two hooks which can be connected to the child car seat base. In the base is two buckles designed to connect with the hooks, which uses the same fastening way used in the vehicles to fasten passengers. This is supposed to increase the usability of the installation. Material, manufacturing methods and product costs have been considered and are presented with the result.
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Erol, Tugra. "Vibration Exposure Of Front Seat Car Passengers." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605740/index.pdf.
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Vibration in the vehicle environment has long been investigated considering the driver'<br>s exposure. However not only drivers but also the front seat car passengers are exposed to considerable amount of vibration. In order to investigate the phenomenon, this research consisted of three stages. In the first stage of the study, model analysis has been carried out. Based on the results it has been suggested that increased damping in the lumbar area in contact with the backrest can decrease the vibration transmission. The second stage comprised of the laboratory studies. Based on the results attained from the model, waist belts filled with different fluids having different coefficients of viscosity were prepared and tested. The inclination of the backrest angle was chosen as the second parameter. The cushions having ready-made gel mediums were seen to be effective in reducing low frequency vibrations where the angle of inclination affected the response of the cushions. In the third part of the thesis, field measurements were carried out in order to confirm the results attained in the laboratory. It was observed that the inclination of backrest angle played a major role in the exposure of the passenger in fore and aft direction. The cushions proved to be effective at certain frequencies in the field, differing due to the design and the medium.
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Huertas, Dominguez Ana, and Bueno Maria del Pilar Perez. "ENTRY/EXIT IMPROVED SEAT FOR A PASSENGER’S CAR : Sliding Seat for Volvo S80." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för teknik och samhälle, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-6516.
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This thesis work is focused on the design of a mechanism for the passenger’s seat of a Volvo S80. This mechanism will facilitate the problems arised when somebody with limited mobility, either permanent or temporal, is entering or exiting the vehicle. The main aim is to obtain an affordable device that enhances the life of those with reduced mobility, but paying special attention to those who do not receive any kind of economical help from the government. The idea is to be able to move the seat to the outside of the car so that one can seat with no special effort. Then, the mechanism, manually, performs the movements to bring it back to the inside. The concept of being manual is to avoid electronic devices that will surely increase the cost. In this project, a possible design solution has been developed. A model was created with Autodesk Inventor 2012. The three basic positions of the mechanism were studied to determine the structural behavior of the product. For these studies, a load compensating the weight of a human was applied and the stresses and the deformation were analyzed by Finite Element Methods and the study was concluded when the safety factor was over 2.
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Despotovski, Natali, and Sonja Vuletic. "A Product Development of Safety Car Seats for Children." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37041.
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Car accidents happens daily, and it is very important to protect all involved in a carno matter the age. Persons that are old enough and can take care of themselves, usescar seat belts to be protected in traffic. A child, however, must be placed andfastened in a safety seat by a parent or another caregiver, to be fully protected. Children that are correctly secured in safety seats have a 2.7 times bigger chance tosurvive a car crash without serious injuries compared to unstrained children (Berget al., 2000; WHO,2004). Regardless tests and safety seats that are available ontoday’s market, there are still issues that needs to be eliminated. Daily users of thisproduct are a good starting point since these people want a safe seat for their childthat can be easy to install and affordable; and they can best tell what issues theyencounter. Based on several scientific articles in a combination with interviews andobservations, issues with the safety seats could be confirmed. The primary issue isthe seat belt that is attached to the safety seat. Children can develop a habit ofwriggling out of the belt in safety seats. There are belt collectors available on themarket which holds the shoulder belts in place. In this way, it is harder for thechildren to slide out of the belt and helps to keep the belt properly positioned(BeSafe, 2018). Instead of having this as an accessory, it has been considered in thebelt that have been developed. Another issue is that the belt is complicated tofastened since two straps has to be simultaneously clicked in the belt buckle. If thisis done incorrectly, the belt cannot be fastened, and it takes time to try it again. Tomake this easier, two straps and the strap between the child's leg will be fastenedseparately in a seat buckle each. In this way, parents and other caregivers will beable to fasten the belt easy and properly. They will also be sure that the child issafely fastened and will minimize injury during an accident or another situation.
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Al, Hayani Musab. "Offline Programming of Robots in Car Seat Production." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för automation och datateknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-5415.
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Company Purtech in Dals-Ed manufactures molded polyurethane (PUR). Examples of products that include polyurethane are car seats. Robots are used to fill the molds with PUR and to apply the release agent (wax) in the empty molds. Turning from online programming into a graphical offline programming of release agent spraying robots is going to simplify the process by: Applying less of release agent to avoid polluting environment, to produce an easier removal of moulds, for the sake of homogeneous moulds and for economical saving in the cost of release agent Adaption of spraying paths to variation in production speed. Programming of complex spraying trajectories to deal with sharp geometrical subsurface Decreasing onsite programming time (when program a new workpiece or modify an old one); so that robots would be free for production. While turning into offline programming brought the challenges of: Impact of variation in the production speed Lack of 3D models of workcell’s equipments Robot joint configuration when paths and robtargets are in move. Physical Joint limits, Singularities & Reach limits Collisions within the cell space. At the end, the following objectives are successfully met: Adaption of spraying programs to variation in production speed by developing and embedding a method in those programs. Graphical offline generation of spraying trajectories and optimization of those trajectories to the Purtech condition of spraying allowed time for each carrier. Simulation of release agent spraying process; and producing of a well structured RAPID program that reflect the simulated process.
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Fernández, Cranz Matías, and Hampus Olsson. "Design and development of a power seat structure for a sports car." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för företagande, innovation och hållbarhet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-44880.
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The purpose of this thesis is to develop a power seat structure that can serve as an alternativeto the one developed by Koenigsegg for their upcoming model Gemera and potentially others.The power seat structure will be designed around an existing chassis and will use it as areference to create an accommodating power seat structure. It will be designed to be used witha fixed-back seat that is used in the development process of the Gemera.Koenigsegg requires that the power seat structure allows for horizontal and lifting motion, aswell as tilting. These functions will be adapted to the power seat structure designed by theproject group.Due to confidentiality concerns, some parts of this thesis will not be made available to thepublic.
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Abdollahifakhr, Hamon, and Ceyhun Sengul. "AUTOMATIC DESIGN OF WIRING PATTERN FOR CAR SEAT HEATERS." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Maskinteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-13968.
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This projects aims to develop design automation in product development. Design automation causes increase in producibility and decrease in product cost and manufacturing lead time. The study at hand is proposed to provide a new method and to introduce procedure to the design of wiring pattern for a car seat heater for Kongsberg Automotive, KA. KA is a Norwegian company and a global provider of engineering, design, and manufacture for seat comfort, driver and motion control systems, fluid assemblies, and industrial driver interface products. The method that currently is used in the company to create a wiring pattern is neither sufficient enough nor automated. In order to design the wiring pattern, at first procedure is handled by the designer. Secondly, car seat heater 2D layout is imported and then, the dimensions of the elements are defined as constraints. Then VBA codes are opened and the program is run. The result will be a wiring pattern in different 2D layouts. To make the design process easier, we have modeled five different layouts; wiring pattern of one element, two elements, three elements, five elements (with two back sides) and one element trapezoidal 2D layout. The algorithm written in VBA (Visual basic for application) creates the pattern according to the dimensions of the elements which are used as inputs to define constrained parameters. The created macros are simple to use and easy to modify, independent from the programming knowledge. The user is only responsible with parameter input and running the program. The solution gives wiring pattern for a car seat heater.
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JUNIOR, WILSON DE MORAES NOBRE. "THE REAR CAR SEAT SAFETY BELT: AN ERGONOMIC APPROACH." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=6332@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>Esta dissertação tem como hipótese que as deficiências de
projeto do cinto e
do habitáculo traseiros dos automóveis de passeio, do ponto
de vista ergonômico,
causam desconforto e constrangimento no uso ordinário do
cinto de segurança,
provocando seu uso errado, sua rejeição, e sujeitando os
passageiros, em caso de
acidentes, a lesões e à morte. Sobre a importância do uso
do cinto, especialmente
o do banco traseiro, se explica o conceito e a magnitude
das forças envolvidas na
proteção dos ocupantes de um veículo. Se mostra que a
história da legislação do
cinto está muito relacionada com a evolução do produto,
exceto no Brasil. Faz-se
uma análise do ergodesign dos componentes do cinto, seus
complementos e
suplementos, em particular do ergodesign destes no
habitáculo traseiro dos carros
mais vendidos. As entrevistas com vítimas de acidentes no
banco traseiro, com
taxistas e com o bombeiro aposentado serviram de apoio para
a confirmação da
hipótese. O registro, em vídeo, do comportamento real dos
passageiros, em
conjunto com as respostas dos questionários aplicados aos
mesmos, também
ratificaram boa parte dos problemas ergonômicos detectados
nesse estudo, cujas
principais causas são: ausência de dispositivo emergencial
de soltura, ausência do
dispositivo retrator, ausência do dispositivo pré-
tensionador, falta de mais pontos
de ancoragem (fixação) do cinto, e presença do ocupante
central. Conclui-se que,
para reduzir lesões e mortes dos usuários de automóvel, nos
corriqueiros
acidentes, é urgente estender as boas soluções de alguns
carros a todos os demais
e reformular a respectiva legislação.<br>This study is developed based on the hypothesis that the
deficiencies of
project of the package for the automobile`s rear
passengers, as well as of the rear
seat safety-belt itself, from the ergonomic point of view,
cause discomfort and
constrain people to its usual use. Therefore, its rejection
or misuse have been
subjecting the passengers to injuries and even to death, in
case of accidents.
Concerning the importance of the safety-belt`s use,
especially at the rear seat, the
concept and the magnitude of all forces involved toward the
protection of the
occupants of a vehicle are explained. The legislation
history of safety belts is very
related with the evolution of the product, except in
Brazil. An analysis is done
about the ergodesign of the safety-belt`s components, its
complements and
supplements; and particularly its ergodesign in the rear
passengers package of the
best selling automobiles in the market. Interviews with
taxi-drivers, a pensioner
fireman and victims of accidents who were at rear seat,
became to support the
confirmation of the hypothesis. The video recording of the
real behaviour of
passengers, in addition to the answers of a questionnaire
applied to each one of
them, had also ratified part of the ergonomic problems
detected in this study,
which main causes are: absence of emergency release device,
absence of the
retrator device, absence of the pretensioner device, lacks
of more points of
anchorage for the belt and the presence of a central
occupant in the rear seat of a
vehicle. Therefore, we conclude that to reduce injuries and
deaths of the
automobile users, in current accidents, it is urgent to
extend the good solutions for
the safety belt of some cars to all of them and to remodel
its respective legislation.
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Leijon, Markus. "du&jag - The car seat for you and me." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen Designhögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-92067.
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Car seats for smaller children, offers very good protection incase of a collision. Unfortunately for the parents’ sake , these car seats is heavy to handle outside the car. For example back and forth home and short errands around town. In other words, all those times when you decide to just take out the car seat and carry it instead of place the baby in a baby carrier. By analyzing where and how the car seat is being used. How best to carry heavier loads up to about 15 kg as a car seat with the child can weigh and by taking into account the child ’s and the parents anatomy. This work led to a concept on how this problem can be solved. Various technical principle solutions have been developed and evaluated. The chosen solution has then been further developed by various design approaches where form and expression has been the important part. The main body of the new solution is a softer inner which you lifts out when you leave the car. The baby sits in a carrier that the parent carries in front of their body. Remaining in the car is a chair-like base with ”click” fasteners that lock the softer part in place when it´s placed in the car, with the baby in it. The major benefits of solving it this way is that the baby is carried in front of the body without oblique loaded lifting on the spine. While the solution also itself weighs several pounds less than the current car seats. It also frees the parents both hands by carrying the child this way. All this leads to a gentler living for the parents.
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Mora, Fontelles Alejandro. "Concept Development of a Recliner Mechanism for a Car Seat." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192840.
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Nowadays, there are more and more regulations regarding the emissions of greenhouse gases. The automotive sector is directly affected by new standards enacted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in America and by European regulations in Europe that are forcing car manufacturers to produce more efficient cars. Different ways exist to increase the efficiency of a car and thus reduce the CO2 emissions. One known strategy to improve fuel economy in vehicles is by weight reduction. Consequently, car manufacturers are seeking out new companies that can supply them with lighter car components. Here is where VA Automotive enters the picture, as a car seat manufacturer that is willing to improve their product by reducing the weight of its various components. This study deals with the development of a new recliner design that demonstrates improvements in terms of weight, size and performance compared to the current solution used at VA Automotive. A common product development methodology has been developed to reach the final recliner design which went through the following steps. First of all, a benchmarking technique was adopted to gather as much data as possible from the competitors’ products. Then, a list of target values for the product specifications was defined as a guideline for the development of the product. The next step was to generate several concepts of recliner’s mechanism that were suitable to improve the design from VA Automotive. After that, a Pugh decision matrix was used to select the best alternative between the concepts generated previously. The optimal concept was further developed by generating four design alternatives that were analyzed in terms of manufacturing, assembly, weight and size by using the Lucas DFMA method. Finally some simulations were run for one of the designs in order to check the structural performance of the mechanism and prove this way that the new recliner design meets the requirements. When comparing the new design alternatives with the design from VA Automotive, it was noticed that all the new designs except one presented a lower manufacturing cost index. Moreover, for all of the alternatives of the new recliner design, the weight was reduced by more than 56% compared to the recliner used at VA Automotive. Finally, by means of FEM simulations it was demonstrated that by choosing the right material the new recliner design was able to meet the structural requirements.
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Cooke, Daniel Benjamin. "Design and Optimization of a Self-powered Thermoelectric Car Seat Cooler." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83374.
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It is well known that the seats in a parked vehicle become very hot and uncomfortable on warm days. A new self-powered thermoelectric car seat cooler is presented to solve this problem. This study details the design and optimization of such a device. The design relates to the high level layout of the major components and their relation to each other in typical operation. Optimization is achieved through the use of the ideal thermoelectric equations to determine the best compromise between power generation and cooling performance. This design is novel in that the same thermoelectric device is utilized for both power generation and for cooling. The first step is to construct a conceptual layout of the self-powered seat cooler. Using the ideal thermoelectric equations, an analytical model of the system is developed. The model is validated against experimental data and shows good correlation. Through a non-dimensional approach, the geometric sizing of the various components is optimized. With the optimal design found, the performance is evaluated using both the ideal equations and though use of the simulation software ANSYS. The final design consists of a flat absorber plate embedded into the car seat with a thermoelectric attached to the back. A finned heat sink is used to cool the thermoelectric. The device is shown to generate enough power to provide a reasonable temperature drop in the seat.<br>Master of Science
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Himmetoglu, Selcuk. "Car seat design and human-body modelling for rear impact whiplash mitigation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11691.
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Whiplash is a neck injury caused by the sudden differential movement between the head and torso. Whiplash injuries are most commonly reported as a consequence of rear impacts in car accidents. They are regarded as minor injuries, but can still lead to long-term disablement and discomfort in the neck. Whiplash injuries can be mitigated by better car seat designs. For this purpose, head restraint geometry must be improved first, and then the dynamic performance of the whole seat must be assessed at all crash seventies. A biofidelic human-body model is a key requirement in designing whiplash mitigating car seats. This thesis presents the development of a 50th percentile male multi-body human model and several energy absorbing car seat designs. The human-body model is specifically designed for rear impact and validated using the responses of seven volunteers from Japanese Automobile Research Institute (JARI) sled tests, which were performed at an impact speed of 8 kph with a rigid seat and without head restraint and seat belt. A generic multi-body car seat model is also developed to implement various seatback and recliner properties, anti-whiplash devices (A WDs) and head restraints. Using the same driving posture and the rigid seat in the JARI sled tests as the basic configuration, several anti-whiplash seats are designed to allow different types of motion for the seatback and seat-pan. The major findings of this research are: -The human-body model simulates the effects of muscle contraction and its overall response is superior in comparison to the currently used models and dummies. -A criterion called the S-shape index (SSI) is developed based on the intervertebral angles of the upper and lower cervical spine. -The car seat design concepts are able to control and use crash energy effectively with the aid of anti-whiplash devices for a wide range of crash seventies. -In order to reduce whiplash injury risk, this study advocates energy absorbing car seats which can also provide head restraint contact as early as possible.
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Zheng, Chun Hua 1978. "Inchworm car seat drive : designing a linear actuator that mimics inchworm motion." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29738.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 67).<br>A continuing goal in the automobile seat drive industry is to design lighter, smaller, more economical seat drives that offer excellent long-term performance. The way to achieve this goal is to minimize the number of parts and part complexity while meeting all safety and functional requirements. Current seat drives which use motorized lead screws are large and heavy. An alternative solution that the industry is exploring to replace the lead screw seat drive is a simple linear actuator. The goal of this project is to design an inchworm motion linear actuator that may be used as part of the seat drive system to provide fore-aft motion. The resulting final design is a simple system that consists of two modules, an actuation module and a clamping module. The actuation module is a simple motor-wobble plate assembly and the clamping module consists of spring-loaded jamming plates. The final prototype succeeded in inching the shaft forward in one direction, but failed at shifting directions. This failure can be remedied in future work by the introduction of an actuation guide plate as well as the more accurate and detailed machining of components.<br>by Chun hua Zheng.<br>S.B.
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Malowicki, Mark. "Active Vibration Isolation Using an Induced Strain Actuator with Application to Automotive Seat Suspensions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9640.
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The characteristics of an automotive passenger seat in response to vibrational excitations are examined and an active vibration isolation system incorporating smart materials is designed, built, and tested. Human sensitivity to vibration is discussed. Characteristics of road roughness are discussed and used to implement a representative test input to a passenger seat system. extsc{Matlab} is used to model the car seat and vehicle system with four degrees of freedom to determine actuator requirements. Selection and implementation of a low--profile, prestressed piezoceramic device into an active seat suspension system is described, and experimental results of the actuator assembly performance are presented. Vibration isolation is realized in an experimental setup representing one quarter of a seat and passenger's total mass, using one actuator assembly (representing one corner of the seat suspension).
For an input power spectrum representative of a passenger vehicle environment, the smart material actuator assembly, as applied to a quarter seat experimental setup, is proven to be capable of isolating vibration with an isolation frequency of 2Hz and no resonant peak, versus 6Hz and a resonant peak of 2g/g for an actual passenger seat tested.<br>Master of Science
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Öhman, Tanja. "Flexible touch screen for Rear Seat Entertainment." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för teknik och samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-5328.
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Rapporten beskriver förslag på framtidens ”Rear Seat Entertainment” som baseras på användning av pekskärm, istället för de DVD-baserade TV-skärmar som finns i t ex Volvo S80 i dagsläget. Projektet utfördes som ett examensarbete inom integrerad produktutveckling vid Högskolan i Skövde. Syftet med arbetet var att hitta lösningar som möjliggör användning av ”touchteknik” som kräver armavstånd till displayen. Arbetet delades upp i tre delar där val av pekskärmsenhet (inbyggd eller mobil), positionering av pekskärmen i bilen enligt ergonomiska rekommendationer, samt anpassning för olika stora personer inkluderade barn och utformning av infästningselement har utvecklats. Arbete inleddes med litteraturstudier om interaktion av pekbaserade interface, målgruppsundersökningar, sammanställning av marknadsundersökningar, trendanalyser samt ergonomiska förutsättningar och miljöutvärderingar. För idégenereringen användes kreativa och systematiserade metoder. Urval av idéer skedde i samråd med Volvo och med hjälp av en konceptvalsmatris. Det slutliga konceptet baseras på användningen av mobila pekskärmsenheter. Dessa motsvarar bäst de i dagsläget ställda kriterierna på användning, ekonomi, miljö och flexibilitet. Dessutom erhålls en enklare mjuk- och hårdvaruuppdatering. Positionering av pekskärmar i bilens baksäte gjordes med hjälp av ergonomiska rekommendationer samt databaserade beräkningar och simuleringar. Utformning av infästningselementen anpassades till kravspecifikationen och resulterade i ett fäste som håller fast enheten med hjälp av permanentmagneter som byggs in i ett infästningselement på stolens baksida och ett i fodralet för surfplattan. Arbetet har lett till skärmar som enkelt kan fästas med magnetkrafter.
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Posner, George. "Do Seat Belt Laws Drive Up Insurance Premiums?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/423.
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If you have to wear a seat belt when you drive, are you safer? Intuitively, it may seem that the answer is yes. After all, if you are wearing a seat belt and get in an accident, you are half as likely to die, and 62% of fatal accident victims were not wearing seat belts at the time of accident. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Highway and Transportation Safety Administration, the Governors' Highway Safety Administration, and many other organizations highly recommend wearing seat belts. The NHTSA claims that in 2010 alone, approximately 12,500 deaths were prevented by seat belt use alone. Seat belt laws clearly reduce the chance of death to vehicle occupants in a given auto accident.
In response to these findings, the federal government has made the release of highway funds to states contingent on the passage of state laws mandating seat belt adoption. Laws mandating seat belt use, along with extensive campaigns to raise public awareness, have caused seat belt use to rise from 69% in 1998 to 88% in 2009. As of this writing, laws mandating the use of seat belts when driving have been passed in every state save New Hampshire. Intuitively, this should make roads safer because seat belts make an accident more survivable.
Does wearing a seat belt, however, make that accident more likely to occur in the first place? If a driver wears a seat belt now and I didn't before, does he feel safe enough to take more risk? In this paper, I examine this question using insurance premiums as a proxy for the likelihood of an accident. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 offers background information, including a framework with which to interpret a driver’s actions and a review of the relevant literature. Section 3 contains details on the data analyzed. Section 4 covers the results of my preliminary data analysis, model specifications, and robustness checks. Section 5 concludes.
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DeGrazia, Michele. "Stability of the Infant Car Seat Challenge and Risk Factors for Oxygen Desaturation Events." eScholarship@UMMS, 2006. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsn_diss/48.
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Research suggests that infants with poor neck and upper torso muscle tone experience lateral slouching and a compromised airway when placed in the semi-upright seating position. Studies reveal that 4-60% of premature infants (born at less than 3-7 weeks gestation) may experience oxygen desaturation events when in their child safety seats (CSS), potentially resulting in adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Therefore, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that premature infants be tested in their CSS prior to hospital discharge. However, neonatal healthcare providers are concerned that this method of testing might not be reliable. No formal studies have investigated the outcomes of repeat testing of premature infants, and little is known about the risk factors for oxygen desaturation events. Therefore, the purpose of this descriptive, non-experimental, observational study was to explore the stability of the one-point Infant Car Seat Challenge (ICSC) and risk factors that may be associated with oxygen desaturation events. A sample of 49 premature infants was used to explore the following variables: 1) pass/fail rates following two (ICSC) observation points, 2) oxygen saturation and desaturation patterns, sleep/wake activity, and a measure of head lag (using the pull-to-sit maneuver) during two ICSCs, and 3) the association between head lag, chronological age, time spent sleeping in the CSS and oxygen desaturation events. Data were analyzed by descriptive and nonparametric statistical tests. This study's findings indicated that 86% of premature infants had stable results, 8% passed rcsc 1 but not ICSC 2, and 6% failed ICSC l and passed ICSC 2. In addition the odds for oxygen desaturation events increased in infants that are born at a gestational age ≤ 34 weeks, were discharged home at a chronological age of > 7 days and had a corrected gestational age of ≤ 37 weeks. Neither head lag or sleep time influenced the ICSC outcomes. Furthermore the ICSC success rate for identifying at risk infants was equal to or better than that of other screening tests for newborn medical conditions. These findings will assist neonatal healthcare providers in making appropriate recommendations for safe travel.
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Sekonyela, Malira Patience. "Integrating Lesotho economy into the regional automotive value chain : manufacturing of car-seat covers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17421.
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Includes bibliographical references<br>The purpose of this study was to analyse the Automotive Industry in Southern Africa, to assess how best Lesotho can contribute to this supply chain. This analysis was done to better understand the sector, to identify Lesotho's potential to produce car seat covers for South African automotive assembly plants, and find the best trade policies and programmes to support value chains in the sector. The plan was to assess the possibility for Lesotho made automotive components manufacturers to supply the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs - the main automotive assembly plants), and use the South African Automotive Industry as the entry point for the Lesotho components to penetrate the Regional Automotive Value Chain. The main focus of this study was the manufacturing of car-seat covers to supply the seven Original Equipment Manufacturers namely: Volkswagen, BMW, Renault, Toyota, Daimler Chrysler, Ford and Mercedes Benz. The impact of Motor Industry Development Programme (MIDP) and Automotive Production and Development Programme (APDP) on the industry was assessed. The impact of the APDP on relocation of components manufacturers to other Southern African Customs Union (SACU) countries was assessed, Lesotho being used as a case study. It set out to find out if Lesotho firms have the potential to contribute to the automotive value chains through manufacture of car seat covers.
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Khamis, Nor Kamaliana Binti [Verfasser], and Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Schramm. "An integrated model for predicting driver’s discomfort while interacting with car seat and car controls / Nor Kamaliana Binti Khamis ; Betreuer: Dieter Schramm." Duisburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155722779/34.
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Kruithof, Aernout. "Emotional Effects Of Car Passenger Activities On Physiology And Comfort: An Empirical Study." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615166/index.pdf.
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There are lots of elements involved in the design of a car. This study, which is inspired by the brief of BMW group, explores the seating unit of cars with regard to prototypical activities, such as, listening to music, working, looking outside etc. The current study proposes that these external stimuli have an effect on comfort experience and felt emotions. So, this study explores the relationship between types of music and activities typically performed by car passengers and emotion and comfort perception, through performing a within subject design empirical study. A car seat provided by BMW group was used to test the above mentioned relationships. Data was collected through a self-report questionnaire, heart rate equipment, a pressure mat and analyzed separately for each condition. Results of the study show that there is a successful emotion induction by task and music individually, and partly on task*music interaction. A comparison of congruent and non-congruent situations, i.e. high arousal music and high arousal task or low arousal music and low arousal task, showed that differences occur in subjects&rsquo<br>reported level of arousal. Furthermore, the results of the study indicated that comfort is related to valance factors, independent of arousal levels. Lastly, physiological measurements showed that only task has a significant effect on heart rate, implicating for the complexity of linking physiological data to emotion and comfort.
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Van, der Westhuizen Moniqué. "Effect of vehicle vibration on healthy term infants : method and infant car seat vibration quantification." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79202.
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Even though infants are frequent vehicle travellers, little is known about the effect of vibrations on their comfort and health. Some studies have characterised the vibrational response of infant car seats, while others have focussed on the physiological responses of infants secured in infant car seats under varying operating conditions (stationary, vertically simulated or varying infant postures). The void identified in the current literature is - the relationship between in-vehicle multi-axis vibration input to a new-born infant seated in an infant car seat, and the resulting changes in posture and cardiorespiratory response of the infant. This study aims to form a basis for future studies seeking to investigate the effect of vehicle vibration on healthy, term infants by establishing a comprehensive method and investigating the multi-axis transmissibility of the infant car seat and subsequent vibration input that infants may experience during testing. The relationship between the responses of infants to vehicle vibration and the vibration frequencies, -magnitudes or -directions can be used to design infant car seats that not only provide protection in the event of a crash, but also promote the health of the infant under normal driving conditions.
A comprehensive method was developed for an investigation into the effect of vehicle vibrations on new-born infants. Aspects addressed in this method include quantifying the vibration input to the infant, tracking the infant’s change in posture and measuring their cardiorespiratory response.
As the proposed method relies on in-field testing, the road inputs and speed of the vehicle have been identified as aspects that may influence the vibration input to infants. The mission profile was selected such that it includes road inputs typically found during suburban driving. The vehicle speed was found to have a statistically significant (p < 0.05) influence on the vibrational response of the vehicle body, and based on available difference thresholds, will be perceptible by adult occupants. Whether these differences will result in different responses between infants remains to be investigated. The transmissibility of the infant car seat was determined over the selected mission profile. Although frequencies could be identified where the infant car seat amplified the vibration input to infants, the coherencies determined for the in-vehicle measurements made it challenging to interpret the transfer functions obtained.
If the findings presented in this study are considered during investigations into the response of infants to vehicle vibration, a holistic approach will be followed which considers many of the aspects that may influence the observed responses. This should provide meaningful insight into the effect of vehicle vibration on the health of infants under normal driving conditions, as this effect has not been investigated before.<br>Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2019.<br>Mechanical Engineering<br>MEng<br>Unrestricted
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Gyi, Diane E. "Driver discomfort : prevalence, prediction and prevention." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1996. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25294.
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This research is concerned with exploring the relationship between car driving and musculoskeletal troubles and following on from this investigating methods which could aid the automotive industry in the design and evaluation of car seats. The thesis is divided into two parts. Part I describes the development and results of an epidemiological survey undertaken with data obtained from two sample groups. Study 1 was an interview survey (based on the Nordic Questionnaire) of 600 members of the British public, randomly selected within the strata of age and gender. Study 2 used the same interview, but with two carefully chosen groups of police officers (n=200). The results indicated that car drivers (especially those who drove as part of their job) appeared to be at risk in terms of reported discomfort and sickness absence due to low back trouble. Evidence from this and other studies has also indicated that drivers with the most adjustable driving packages may benefit in terms of both reduced discomfort and reduced sickness absence. This provided the background for the subsequent research in Part II and some impetus for car manufacturers to consider health issues in the design of car workstations. Part II involved a series of three experiments designed to investigate methodologies which could be used by manufacturers to predict car seat discomfort The literature was reviewed to identify suitable predictive techniques which would be robust enough to provide information to the automotive industry in 'real world' situations. The technique of interface pressure measurement had already generated interest in some seat manufacturers and was therefore selected for investigation. As a result of the findings in experiment 1, established guidelines for a comfortable driving posture may need to be modified. The other two experiments were designed to create discomfort in subjects firstly by varying foam hardness and secondly by varying posture. A clear, simple and consistent relationship between interface pressure and discomfort in realistic driving situations was not identified. Future studies using this technique should provide information regarding such factors as gender, the body mass index, anthropometric data, posture and foam hardness due to the confounding nature of these variables.
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Jonsson, Bertil. "Interaction between humans and car seats : studies of occupant seat adjustment, posture, position, and real world neck injuries in rear-end impacts." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1636.
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Background: The latest generation of rear-end whiplash protection systems, as found in the WHIPS Volvo and SAHR Saab, have reduced injury rates by almost 50% in comparison with the previous generation of seat/head restraint systems. Occupant behaviour, such as seated posture and seat adjustment settings, may affect the injury risk. Method: Five studies were conducted. Studie I was an injury outcome study based on insurance data. Studies II-IV investigated seat adjustment, occupant backset, and cervical retraction for drivers and occupants in different postures and positions in the car, during stationary and driving conditions. Study V compared the occupant data from studies II and III with a vehicle testing tool, the BioRID dummy, using the protocols of the ISO, RCAR, and the RCAR-IIWPG. Results: Female drivers and passengers had a threefold increased risk for medically-impairing neck injury in rear-end impacts, compared to males. Driver position had a double risk compared with front passenger seat position. Female drivers adjusted the driver seat differently to male drivers; they sat higher and closer to the steering wheel and with more upright back support. The volunteers also adjusted their seat differently to the ISO, RCAR, and RCAR-IIWPG protocol settings; both sexes sat further away from the steering wheel, and seat back angle was more upright then in the protocols. In stationary cars, backset was highest in the rear seat position and lowest in the front passenger seat position. Males had a larger backset than females. Cervical retraction decreased and backset increased for both sexes when posture changed from self-selected posture to a slouched posture. The BioRID II dummy was found to represent 96th percentile female in stature, and a 69th percentile female in weight in the volunteer group. Conclusions: Risks in car rear-end impacts differ by sex and seated position. This thesis indicates the need for a 50th percentile female BioRID dummy and re-evaluation of the ISO, RCAR, and RCAR-IIWPG protocols, and further development of new safety systems to protect occupants in rear-end impacts.
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Ryndzionek, Roland. "New concept, implementation and analysis of the multicell piezoelectric motor for the control of the car seat position." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15755/1/Ryndzionek.pdf.
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The research works in the frame of the dissertation have been carried out with the cooperation between the University INP - ENSEEIHT - LAPLACE (Laboratory on Plasma and Conversion of Energy), Toulouse, France, and the Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Research Unit Power Electronics and Electrical Machines, Gdańsk, Poland. The main scope of the dissertation was following: development a novel concept, implementation and analysis of the multicell piezoelectric motor (MPM) for the control of the car seat position. The new concept of the MPM is based on a combined topology using the working principles of the traveling wave motor/actuator (known as the Shinsei motor), and the electromechanical structure of the rotating-mode motor/actuator. The electromechanical structure of each rotating-mode motor has been considered as an independent one – referred to as a "single cell". The application of the novel MPM for the control of the car seat position will reduce the number of gears due to its direct coupling with the driving/movement shaft of the seat positioning system. The achieved effects of a such integrated structure will be following: a higher efficiency, a lower noise of performance, a low cost of manufacturing, and in general a lower pollution of the environment. The preliminary dimensions and parameters of the prototype MPM have been verified using its developed analytical (geometrical) model and numerical methods (FEM). The prototype MPM has been manufactured. Finally, the laboratory measurements of the MPM prototype has been carried out.
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Fellenius, Malin. "Reduction of vibration transmitted through car seats : A study to reduce test drivers’ whole-body vibrations at Volvo Car Group’s test facility." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-62896.
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Present thesis will concentrate on the attention to reduce the input of whole-body vibrations transmitted to test drivers in durability tests. On behalf of Volvo Cars, the purpose has been to develop a concept solution on the driver's seat. Solving this problem is significant due to test driver’s safety and theirs ergonomically conditions. This project is conducted as a Bachelor of Science thesis for the Innovation & design engineer program at Karlstad University. The assignment is in collaboration with the research and development department Proving Ground Testing Group located outside Borås on their test facility, Hällered Proving Ground (HPG). Where they perform endurance tests on rough roads with complete vehicles. The main goal of this project is to increase the time drivers can actively drive the test cars each day, as well as reduce the exposure of whole-body vibration transmitted to test drivers. The project has been carried out through the Engineering Design Process, which is a substantial model for working with creativity during product development. The report consists of a pre-study in areas like dynamic systems of vibration, ergonomics, previous research, benchmarking and seat structure. This was achieved by identifying the problem areas in an early stage. A number of concepts solutions were evaluated and compared according to implementability and realizability. The final decision was made on a concept, resulted in changing the current foam in the seat. Thereafter, it presents the evaluation of materials throughout the material database CES EduPack and through product research. The last part of the report presents results from laboratory testings and a field test. The objective was to determine which arrangement provided the best isolation throughout different combinations of materials/products and material thicknesses. The result of the test showed that an increase of material thickness was the optimal solution. Polyurethane (PUR) foam is best suited for this and factors such as material properties and combination of materials has less or none impact on reducing whole-body vibrations. Therefore, the current foam can maybe be enough, but it needs to be evaluated further. This solution doesn't do any major changes to the cars specification and therefore the cars can be evaluated as before. Further development is to build a prototype with thicker dimensions and implement it in a test vehicle. Subsequently verifying a decrease of exposure from whole-body vibrations, in the form of a real-life test. The solution is intended solely for test vehicles at Volvo’s endurance track facility at Hällered. The assignment was to facilitate working conditions for test drivers and make the work more efficient. The thesis purpose was to achieve a sustainable solution, according to Volvo Cars` requirements to reduce exposure from whole-body vibrations and this project is therefore fulfilled. It was important that the solution was easy to implement and can be applied on all platforms, correspondently be used on future test cars from Volvo.
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Vincenc, Josef. "Návrh zařízení pro testování a měření ovládacích sil automobilových sedadel." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230486.
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The Master’s thesis deals with development of universal equipment for testing and measurement operating forces of car seats. It describes tests applied on car seats and shows a few examples of equipment for testing. The design part of the thesis deals with development of multipurpose testing equipment using of Modular Function Deployment™ approach. The design of the equipment is done in 5 steps according to mentioned approach. The final part of the thesis includes a risk analysis of the new device and conclusion.
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Lindquist, Mats. "Fatal car crash configurations and injury panorama : with special emphasis on the function of restraint system." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-976.
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Skalník, Vít. "Analýza vlivu výrobních procesů na deformace kolejnic." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417076.
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The aim of this work is to assess the possibilities of using numerical simulation tools in the process of laser welding of the guide rail of a car seat. In the diploma thesis, a description of the components and the problem, which consists in the deformation of the groove of the guide rail, was made. A description was made of the manufacturing operations that the components go through. The positives of selected welding methods were evaluated and the choice of those used in production was justified. A description of the issues of laser welding, deformation and the use of simulation tools was made. The influence of individual production operations was evaluated in terms of the size and nature of deformations. Using the Visual – Mesh, Visual – Weld and Visual – Assembly simulation tools, which are products of the French company ESI Group, the same state of the simulated and real process was achieved. Subsequently, a proposal for the elimination of deformations and its verification using a simulation tool could be approached. The use of a spacer wedge, which acts on the most deformed places of the groove, was proposed. By its application, the resulting deformations were eliminated or significantly reduced. In the last part of the work, a technical and economic evaluation was made, taking into account the current global crisis and the important role of the automotive industry.
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Fagerström, Jacob. "Rear end crash simulation using Human Body Models : An investigation of the design of seat structure using a 50th percentile female Human Body Model." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79046.
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In this master thesis it have been investigated how the stiffness of a seat affect the risk of neck injuries, e.g whiplash associated disorders, in a rear end low velocity car collision using a female human body model, HBM, and if dividing the seat into several sections with different stiffnesses. The project is performed in collaboration with CEVT, China Euro Vehicle Technology, a innovation center of the Geely Holding Group. The HBM used is the VIVA open source HBM developed by Chalmers University of Technology together with Volvo Cars, The Swedish National Road and Transport ResearchInstitute (VTI) and Folksams forskningsstiftelse. Two different seats were investigated, a generic seat and the seat of the existing Lynk&Co 01. The stiffness of the seat had a significant impact on the risk of neck injuries, but does not seem to be a good idea to divide the seat into several sections since the height of the individual in the seat influence what stiffness is optimal for each section. It was also discovered that the relative distance between the head and the headrest at the moment of impact has a great affect on the risk of neck injuries.
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Koluchová, Petra. "Design kočárku na elektrický pohon." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-416655.
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This master´s thesis deals with a design of an electric stroller. This alternative means of transport for a parent and a child was designed based on a design and technical analysis. This product allows independent and fast movement in the city. Using the product requires an introduction of a new arrangement of streets, with designated communications for micromobility. Modern technologies are used in the concept of the designed product. The advantage of the design concept is that the product can be used as a classic electric scooter.
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Violano, Giuseppina Mendillo. "Determinants of Usage of Age-Appropriate Child Safety Seats in Connecticut." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/770.
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In the United States, motor vehicle crashes are one of the leading causes of unintentional injury death and disability for children ages 1'15 years. Despite local, state, and federal legislative and educational efforts, children continue to be restrained improperly and thus face harm. Identifying behaviors and barriers that place child occupants at risk is crucial for implementing focused, injury-prevention programs and policies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Connecticut's child passenger safety law that was strengthened in 2005. This study involved a multifactorial approach to predicting child seat use, guided by Roger's diffusion of innovations as the theoretical framework. The analysis determined if there was a difference in the prevalence of car seat use before as compared to after law implementation and identified variables that best predicted the use of car seats and premature transition to a seat belt. Using Connecticut's Crash Data Repository, a logistic regression analysis indicated that car seat use was 1.3 times more likely post law (OR 0.75; 95% CI: 0.65-0.86) and that in particular, children ages 4, 5, and 6 (combined) were most positively affected by the law (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.54-0.82). Driver sex, crash time of day, child age, and child seating position were all determined to be significant predictors of whether or not a child was in a child safety seat. Additionally, these variables were also determined to be predictors of early transition to use of a lap/shoulder belt (versus child seat). The social change implication of this study is that identifying predictors of car seat use and early transition helps to formulate and implement injury prevention measures that could in turn help to decrease medical costs, save lives, and prevent injuries.
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Gergeľ, Erik. "Deformačně-napěťová analýza sklápěcího mechanismu předního sedadla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231306.
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This master thesis deals with creation of computational model for stress - strain analysis of front car seat folding mechanism. The calculation has been done using FEM for static and dynamic load case. The results displayed the critical area of mechanism and determined the value of force when the safety of mechanism is not guaranteed and the force when the mechanism failure occurs. According to results from both load cases was made a statement that is necessary to model the dynamic load cases respecting the load time course.
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Stenger, Travis D. "Pressure distribution in ergonomic car seats." CardinalScholar 1.0, 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1569028.
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The purpose of the present study was to assess the pressure distribution responses to three hour seating bouts in a standard car seat condition compared to a Comfort Motion Technology (CMT) car seat condition. Twelve males participated in the study. Subjects came in for two separate sessions no more than one week apart. Pressure distribution on the backrest and seat pan was assessed in a three hour seating bout. Pressure variables associated with increased seating comfort were collected across six distinct 28 minute cycles and then averaged across these six cycles. The pressure variables were contact area, peak contact pressure, and force. The CMT car seat condition exhibited greater back contact area (p= .003) and less back peak pressure (p= .003) than the standard car seat condition. In addition, the CMT car seat condition had greater seat peak pressure (p< .001) and greater back force (p< .001) than the standard car seat condition. In conclusion, the CMT car seat condition is more comfortable than the standard car seat condition.<br>School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Fojtlín, Miloš. "Assesment of the Thermal Environment in Vehicular Cabins." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-408012.
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Ľudia žijúci vo vyspelých krajinách trávia väčšinu svojho života vo vnútorných prostrediach budov alebo dopravných prostriedkov. Z tohto dôvodu, záujem o výskum kvality vnútorných prostredím rastie, pričom hlavný dôraz je kladený na oblasti výskumu ľudského zdravia, produktivity a komfortu. Jedným z faktorov ovplyvňujúci kvalitu prostredí je ich tepelný aspekt, ktorý je najčastejšie popísaný teplotou vzduchu, radiačnou teplotou, vlhkosťou vzduchu a rýchlosťou prúdenia vzdu-chu. Zatiaľ čo tieto parametre je možné riadiť systémom pre vykurovanie, vetranie a klimatizáciu nezávisle na počasí, takéto zariadenia sa podieľajú na vysokej spotrebe energie a značnej uhlíkovej stope. V prostediach kabín áut a dopravných prostriedkov je riadenie parametrov tepelného prostredia komplikované z dôvodu ich asymetrickej a časovo premenlivej povahy. Táto situácia je obzvlášť kritická vo vozidlách na elektrický pohon s vlastnou batériou, kde je energia na úpravu vnútornej mikroklímy čerpaná na úkor dojazdu vozidla. Pre uvedené dôvody sa hľadajú nové, en-ergeticky účinnejšie spôsoby pre úpravu tepelných prostredí a zabezpečenia tepelného komfortu. Jedným z potenciálnych riešení sú zariadenia dodávajúce človeku teplo alebo chlad lokálne, ako napríklad vyhrievané a vetrané sedadlá a sálavé panely. Vzhľadom na to, že experimentálny výskum vnútorných prostredí je náročný s ohľadom na čas a potrebné vybavenie, trendy výskumu vplyvov takýchto zariadení na človeka smerujú k optimalizačným úlohám vo virtuálnych prostrediach pomocou modelov ľudksej termofyziológie a tepelného pocitu/komfortu. Avšak pre spoľahlivé výsledky modelovania sú potrebné presné vstupné parametre definujúce prostredie, odev, vplyv povrchov v kontakte s človekom (napríklad sedadlá) a pôsobenie systémov na lokálnu úpravu mikroklímy. Cieľom tejto dizertačnej práce je vytvorenie metodológie na hodnotenie tepelných prostredí v kabínach automobilov s ohľadom na pozíciu v sede a využitím technológii na lokálnu úpravu tepelných prostredí. Jedným z požiadavkov na takúto metodológiu je jej aplikovateľnosť vo virtuálnych ale aj reálnych prostrediach. V prípade hodnotenia reálnych prostredí, cieľom je vytvorenie demonštrátora, ktorý by bol využiteľný ako spätná väzba pre riadenie systémov pre úpravu mikroklímy na základe požadovaného tepeleného pocitu. Validita uvedenej metodológie bola demonštrovaná v typických podmienkach kabín automobilov (5–41 °C) a poznatky z tejto práce sú prenesiteľné do širokého spektra inžinierkych aplikácii. V oblasti osobnej dopravy a pracovných prostredí s vyššou tepelnou záťažou je táto metóda užitočná pre identifikáciu možných zdrojov diskomfortu. Navyše je táto metóda vhodná i pre rýchlo rastúci segment elektrických vozidiel, kde je možné sledovať tok energie potrebnej na dosiahnutie určitej úrovne komfortu a riešenie optimalizačných úloh za účelom úspory energie a predĺženie dojazdu. Obdobné aplikácie možno nájsť i v budovách a prostrediach s podobnými charakteristikami.
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Decker, Angelene. "Army medical command handbook for the government purchase card program." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/JAP/2008/Sept/08Sep%5FDecker%5FJAP.pdf.
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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in [Contract Management] from the Naval Postgraduate School, September 2008."<br>Advisor(s): Nalwasky, Richard ; Suchan, James. "September 2008." "Joint applied project"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on November 6, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-81). Also available in print.
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Engström, Joel. "A lone SEAL : What Failure can tell us." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-9965.
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Special operations are conducted more than ever in modern warfare. Since the 1980s they have developed and grown in numbers. But with more attempts of operations and bigger numbers, comes failures. One of these failures is operation Red Wings where a unit of US Navy SEALs attempted a recognisance and raid operation in the Hindu Kush. The purpose of this paper was to see how that failure could be analysed from an existing theory of Special operations. This was to ensure that other failures can be avoided but mainly to understand what really happened on that mountain in 2005. The method used was a case study of a single case to give an answer with quality and depth. The study found that Mcravens theory and principles of how to succeed a special operation were not applied during the operation. The case of operation Red Wings showed remarkable valour and motivation, but also lacked severely when it came to simplicity, surprise, and speed.
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Harrison, Joseph K. "Can SNMP be used to create a silent subscriber station in an 802.16 implementation?" Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Sept/08Sep%5FHarrison.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2008.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Buddenberg, Rex. "September 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 5, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-92). Also available in print.
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Jöbsis, Paul D. "Muscle oxygenation and blood flow during submersion in ducks (anas platyrhynchos) and seals (phoca vitulina) /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9907822.
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Chery, Joseph Erol. "Adjusting to random demands of patient care : a predictive model for nursing staff scheduling at Naval Medical Center San Diego /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Sept/08Sep%5FChery.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2008.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Fricker, Ronald D. "September 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 5, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-46). Also available in print.
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Burchnell, Ryan. "Dynamic personal identity and the dynamic identity grid: how theory and concept can transform information into knowledge and secure the American homeland." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Sept/08Sep%5FBurchnell.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense) )--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2008.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Strindberg, Anders ; Bergin, Richard. "September 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 03, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-110). Also available in print.
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Pettersson, Josefine, and Johanna Colling. "Analysis of Customisation in a Modular System : Development of a New Seat Solution." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44747.
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Today there is a shift from mass production to mass customisation due to changing customer needs in the global market. This thesis report analyses customisation in a modular system through a case study in the truck industry with focus on development of a new seat solution. The customer requests showed a demand for one to two additional seats in the cab. In order to answer to various customer needs, companies implement modular product development principals which enables them to produce in a rapid speed, minimize costs, increase performance and produce a high mix of products. The established RQ:s were: RQ1: How do companies improve competitiveness by translating customer needs into technical requirements? RQ2: What are the challenges and possibilities when making changes in a modular system? The thesis followed the first steps in the product development process due to delimitations in time, scope, and research quality. The data was collected through a literature study, interviews with customers and archival records and documentations at the case company. The study resulted in two final concepts, namely a seat solution and a bench solution which answered to the customer need of one to two additional seats in the cab. A conclusion was that it is crucial for companies to understand the in-depth customer needs to provide higher customer value, which in turn can contribute to strengthen the companies’ competitiveness. The correct translation of customer needs to technical requirements is essential for the development of a modular system. Challenges and possibilities when making changes in a modular system was found to be design complexity along with opportunity to reuse existing components. Both the translation of customer needs and design decisions regarding a modular system is achieved in the earlier stages of the product development process. It is thus of high importance to translate the customer needs correctly and make thoughtful decisions of the modules in the modular system to ensure company competitiveness.
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Daniel, Aang. "Routing and Scheduling with Time Windows: Models and Algorithms for Tramp Sea Cargos and Rail Car-Blocks." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19698.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.<br>Committee Chair: Al-Khayyal, Faiz; Committee Member: Barnes, Earl; Committee Member: Johnson, Ellis; Committee Member: Karimi, IA; Committee Member: Sokol, Joel.
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WANG, WENCHAO, and ZHANHUA JIANG. "DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A WHEELER CAP TEST SET-UP." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-8007.
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In practice, the radiation efficiency of antennas is often measured by the anechoic chambers. For this method, it takes plenty time and cost. In order to bring down the measurement costs, another alternative method was proposed and published by H.A. Wheeler in 1959. The Wheeler Cap method can measure the radiation efficiency of the antenna quickly and easily during the design and development stage. It has the many benefits, such as simple construction, easy and fast to implement, lower cost and accurate enough compared to other methods. Moreover, it is a reliable and extensively used method for measuring the antenna’s radiation efficiency. The basic concept about Wheeler’s method is to use the "radiansphere" which is the boundary between the near field and the far field of any small antenna to measure the radiation efficiency of antenna under test. The radiation efficiency is obtained by performing measurement in two steps i.e. measuring the antenna under test (AUT) without and with conducting radiation metal shield. The main objective of this thesis work is to design and construct a Wheeler cap test set-up. This thesis is performed to study a modified Wheeler cap method which is based on constant power loss principle and according to this principle the loss resistance of AUT remains constant whether the Wheeler cap is placed or removed, it means the AUT has zero or finite radiation resistance. Thus, the radiation efficiency can be measured using the return loss magnitude with or without Wheeler cap. The equivalent RLC circuits of AUT in the free space and with a Wheeler cap have been theoretically reviewed and analyzed. At the same time, the mathematical expressions of radiation efficiency were presented in terms of return loss using equivalent RLC circuits. In this thesis, four types of antenna have been selected to find their radiation efficiency by the Wheeler cap method using HFSS software. To compare the simulation and measurement results of radiation efficiency, lossless wire monopole antenna and lossy loop antenna are simulated, fabricated and measured. It is found that the measurement results correlates with the simulation results.
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Helgeland, Leif Rune. "Drilling of Deep-set Carbonates Using Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25582.
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A majority of the “easy” fields have already been developed, while demand for oil and gas continues to increase rapidly. Reservoirs in deep-set carbonates contains a large amount of the worlds remaining hydrocarbons and could pose as a solution for supplying the future demand. However, extracting these hydrocarbons has proven to be a daunting task. Carbonate formations are often severely fractured and karstified, leading to large or even total losses during drilling. As these fractures and “caves” are also the main target for gas, kicks and blow-outs are a constant threat.In this master thesis a variant of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD), Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling (PMCD), has been reviewed. PMCD uses a static mud cap in the annulus to provide adequate downhole pressure, while a cheap sacrificial fluid is pumped down the drillstring to remove cuttings and transport it into the formation. A literature study was done in order to compare PMCD against other existing tech- niques, specifically conventional drilling and Constant Bottom Hole Pressure, another MPD variant. Working along side the losses have enabled PMCD to safely drill to Total Depth in these reservoirs, while reducing most of the Non-Productive Time and having an overall cheaper operation. Where other techniques are relying on time consuming and costly Lost Circulation Material, cement or other means of plugging the formation, PMCD works at its optimal.A static model was made to more clearly show the physics behind PMCD and to be able to simulate an operation through a gas bearing total loss ”cave” in a deep- set carbonate environment. Its procedures and advantages became clear, though the model and reservoir environment was rather simplistic. After an evaluation, the results were that PMCD lacks versatility and is not yet fully accepted by the industry, but that it offers the best solution for drilling of deep-set carbonates. The main conclusion is that in these reservoir, PMCD should as a minimum be used as a contingency in exploration wells.
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Vardaro, Michael F. "Deep-sea bioturbation and the role of the sea urchin Echinocrepis rostrata." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3316112.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008.<br>Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Sept. 4, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Goh, Jeffrey Mau Seong. "The principles and policies of regulating airline competition." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6030/.
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Regulation in its generic sense has existed for a very long time in different forms, with different aims and different problems of accountability, but the study of competition regulation by a Government agency has perhaps become fashionable only in recent years. This thesis consists of two leading themes. First, it will contend that, whilst the market system has been seriously underestimated as a social institution to the extent that it should be left to operate and organise itself where that is possible, it is at the same time not always self-regulating. Residual intervention by the State or its agencies will remain necessary in strategic cases, either to protect individual autonomy and choice, or to correct failures of the market system. The question is simply more or less regulation. Secondly, and on that premise, competition regulation must be distinguished into economic regulation and antitrust regulation because the relationship between them is inversely proportional: the more intense economic regulation is, the less important antitrust regulation becomes. By implication then, economic liberalisation or deregulation must be accompanied by a robust framework of antitrust regulation to ensure that the conditions of sustainable competition are not threatened by anti-competitive practices. Conditions of sustainable competition are thus critical for market contestability. For many years, domestic and international airline competition has been the subject of comprehensive regulation. With the passage of time, however, the thinking has changed and, no doubt, liberal policies and practices will continue to find expression in future political and economic sentiments. The responsibility for regulating airlines in the United Kingdom falls on the Civil Aviation Authority, which has played a formidable role in transforming the policy of heavy regulation into minimal regulation, although much of that regulatory landscape has now been altered with the advent of the Single European Aviation Market. The experiences of, both, the CAA and the new SEATNI provide an illuminating account of the evolutionary process of regulating airline competition, that from economic to antitrust regulation.
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Moreau, Aurélien. "How fuzzy set theory can help make database systems more cooperative." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S043/document.
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Dans ces travaux de thèse nous proposons de tirer parti de la théorie des ensembles flous afin d'améliorer les interactions entre les systèmes de bases de données et les utilisateurs. Les mécanismes coopératifs visent à aider les utilisateurs à mieux interagir avec les SGBD. Ces mécanismes doivent faire preuve de robustesse : ils doivent toujours pouvoir proposer des réponses à l'utilisateur. Empty set (0,00 sec) est un exemple typique de réponse qu'il serait désirable d'éradiquer. Le caractère informatif des explications de réponses est parfois plus important que les réponses elles-mêmes : ce peut être le cas avec les réponses vides et pléthoriques par exemple, d'où l'intérêt de mécanismes coopératifs robustes, capables à la fois de contribuer à l'explication ainsi qu'à l'amélioration des résultats. Par ailleurs, l'utilisation de termes de la langue naturelle pour décrire les données permet de garantir l'interprétabilité des explications fournies. Permettre à l'utilisateur d'utiliser des mots de son propre vocabulaire contribue à la personnalisation des explications et améliore l'interprétabilité. Nous proposons de nous intéresser aux explications dans le contexte des réponses coopératives sous trois angles : 1) dans le cas d'un ensemble pléthorique de résultats ; 2) dans le contexte des systèmes de recommandation ; 3) dans le cas d'une recherche à partir d'exemples. Ces axes définissent des approches coopératives où l'intérêt des explications est de permettre à l'utilisateur de comprendre comment sont calculés les résultats proposés dans un effort de transparence. Le caractère informatif des explications apporte une valeur ajoutée aux résultats bruts, et forme une réponse coopérative<br>In this thesis, we are interested in how we can leverage fuzzy logic to improve the interactions between relational database systems and humans. Cooperative answering techniques aim to help users harness the potential of DBMSs. These techniques are expected to be robust and always provide answer to users. Empty set (0,00 sec) is a typical example of answer that one may wish to never obtain. The informative nature of explanations is higher than that of actual answers in several cases, e.g. empty answer sets and plethoric answer sets, hence the interest of robust cooperative answering techniques capable of both explaining and improving an answer set. Using terms from natural language to describe data --- with labels from fuzzy vocabularies --- contributes to the interpretability of explanations. Offering to define and refine vocabulary terms increases the personalization experience and improves the interpretability by using the user's own words. We propose to investigate the use of explanations in a cooperative answering setting using three research axes: 1) in the presence of a plethoric set of answers; 2) in the context of recommendations; 3) in the context of a query/answering problem. These axes define cooperative techniques where the interest of explanations is to enable users to understand how results are computed in an effort of transparency. The informativeness of the explanations brings an added value to the direct results, and that in itself represents a cooperative answer
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Johnson, C. Dustin. "Set-Switching and Learning Transfer." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_hontheses/7.
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In this experiment I investigated the relationship between set-switching and transfer learning, both of which presumably invoke executive functioning (EF), which may in turn be correlated with intelligence. Set-switching was measured by a computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sort Task. Another computer task was written to measure learning-transfer ability. The data indicate little correlation between the ability to transfer learning and the capacity for set-switching. That is, these abilities may draw from independent cognitive mechanisms. The major difference may be requirement to utilize previous learning in a new way in the learning-transfer task.