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Journal articles on the topic 'Car seat'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Lincoln, Michelle. "Car Seat Safety: Literature Review." Neonatal Network 24, no. 2 (2005): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.24.2.29.

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After staggering numbers of infants were killed in automotive crashes in the 1970s, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended in 1974 universal use of car seats for all infants. However, positional problems were reported when car seats are used with premature infants less than 37 weeks gestational age as a result of head slouching and its sequelae. In 1990, the AAP responded with another policy statement introducing car seat testing. It recommended that any infant at or under 37 weeks gestational age be observed in a car seat prior to discharge from the hospital. The AAP did not give specific guidelines on type of car seat, length of testing, equipment, or personnel proficiency, however. Few nurseries have standard policies to evaluate car seats, to teach parents about car seats, or to position newborns in them, and not all hospitals actually conduct car seat challenges or have common standards for testing that is performed.

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Mazari, Adnan, Funda Buyuk, and Antonin Havelka. "Testing the car seat's comfort." Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products 1, no. 2 (2020): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2020.1.p141-147.

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In this paper, four commonly used car seat covers, made from leather as well as from woven, knitted and 3D spacer fabrics are tested as sandwiched and separate layers to determine the effect of the lamination and layers on air and water vapor permeability. Different combinations of interlining materials are also tested to obtain the optimum comfortable car seat cover. This analysis gives us a real idea of which layer negatively affects the breathability of the car seat. The focus of this part of research was to identify the issues within the car seat material instead of factors like external cooling or the clothing of the driver. It was observed that the polyurethane (PU) foam and lamination significantly reduce the permeability of the car seats. The 3D spacer fabric shows the best top layer properties as compared to classical woven, leather or knitted car seat covers. The research shows how layers and lamination cause thermo-physiological discomfort of car seats.

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Virchenko, Viktor, Мykola Shapoval, Maxym Skoryk, and Vladyslav Ladur. "Hydroulic stand for testing automatic seats model development." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 2, no. 51 (2018): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2018.51.1313.

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A new design scheme for testing the car seats with hydraulic drive has been proposed, a mathematical model of stand work process has been developed, the movement of mass center in the car seat has been theoretically proved. It is determined at the expense of what factors it is necessary to develop special stands necessary for an adequate various seats check or seat configurations, which simulate long-term seats use during a short time period. The special stands car seats of different configurations work analysis simulation close to the real operation conditions on cars is carried out. The basic parameters and operating modes that characterize working processes in the conditions of operation are established. The mathematical dependence, which characterizes the work process of the stand for testing the car seat with a hydraulic drive, is obtained. The movement of car seat masses center depending on the influence factors is determined.

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Naufal, Gostsa Khusnun, Awan Raswan, Sumar Hadi Suryo, Jamari Jamari, and Ismoyo Haryanto. "PERANCANGAN KURSI AUTISME UNTUK MOBIL SEBAGAI ALAT BANTU TERAPI AUTISME." ROTASI 15, no. 3 (2013): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/rotasi.15.3.19-24.

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Children with autism tend to have hyperactivity, children will tend to be difficult to control. This is certainly an issue when children are in vehicles, especially cars. There are some events related to the automobile accident caused hyperactivity of children with autism. When the children in the car tends to move on, even disturb concentration the driver. Not many safety features on the car is intended for children with autism. Research safety equipment as well as therapeutic tools for children with autism that will be done is a autism car seat. This tool serves as an extra seat that is able to bind to safely and comfortably seat a child with autism to a primary car seat. This tool is also able to provide autism therapy with the principles of deep pressure when used, generating deep pressure with adjustable pressurized balloon. The tool is attached directly to the car seat with a harness, and then the car safety belt is used as the main security of these devices. Design tools for autism car seat through stages: preparation of product definition and technical specifications autism car seat , the design of a product concept for autism car seat, designing products for autism car seat , as well as preparation of documents for the manufacture of autism car seats

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FUNDA BUYUK, MAZARI, MAZARI ADNAN, HAVELKA ANTONIN, and GLOMBIKOVA VIERA. "Novel portable device to analyze the moisture permeability of car seat." Industria Textila 69, no. 03 (2018): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.069.03.1455.

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The comfort performance of car seat is important factor while producing car seats, each layer of the car seat is tested separately on classical testing machines, which lacks the real car seat performance when all layers are sandwiched. The complication of car seat design and the testing method bring a great demand of portable device which can measure the comfort performance of the real car seat. In this research a novel portable device is designed which work with special heat flux sensor and the device is connected to computer by USB port and values of heat flux temperature of the water and temperature of the surface is provided by the software. Heat flux sensors measure the heat transfer through a surface, and are expressed in kw/m2. The software controls the heating plate adjustment using PID controller. The device is tested with real car seat and shows repeatable and reproducible results.

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6

Bull, M. "Car Seat, Seat Belt Education." Nurse Practitioner 13, no. 5 (1988): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-198805000-00010.

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7

Barbu, Anca Giorgiana, and Marian Gheorghe. "Development of the Car Seat through a Wider Range of Active Elements Implementation." Advanced Engineering Forum 42 (September 7, 2021): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.42.113.

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Car seats represent a constructive - functional system including a variety of elements, assembled on a specific frame, among those the main components are the seat pan, the seat backrest, and the seat headrest. In order to improve the comfort of the driver and passengers, as well vehicle general safety, the car seats are under of intensive research and implementation of advanced developments.Thus, through of variety of sensors integrated into the seat, some important parameters are analysed for keeping the drivers alert and comfortable while driving semi-autonomous or autonomous cars. For adjustment of the seat linear and angular positions, a special system has been implemented, comprising electric, electronic, and pneumatic elements. Also, seat micro-adjustments are possible through the action of specific actuators. The car seat design and manufacture take into consideration a diverse array of data, based on a large range of parameters to face the diversity of drivers requirements. The present paper is advancing a conceptual development of car complex seat, integrating a number of active elements, with multiple possible adjustments. The new seat model is designed to satisfy a larger diversity of people both in terms of comfort and safety.

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8

Lin, Jui Chang, Bean Yin Lee, Yuan Chuan Hsu, King Sun Lee, and Feng Tsai Weng. "Strength Analysis and Safety Design of Baby Car Seat." Applied Mechanics and Materials 224 (November 2012): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.224.252.

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After the automobile made an emergency brake or bumped by accident, the baby car seat will be deformed and cracked by great force, the baby car seat have became a very important topic for years. This study focuses on analyzing the state of baby car seat after receiving forces, propose the improvement of structure strength and safety factors, enhance the structural strength of baby car seat and improve collision resistance. The internal skeleton was a backbone of baby car seat structural design, this research utilized simulation that combined CAD software (Pro-E) with finite element analysis software (Ansys\Workbench) to analyze the bumping situation, the high-speed camera was also applied to record the bumping situation of baby car seat. The comparison between these two results was used to design the skeleton within safety seat in order to approach the anticipative structure strength. Therefore, structure analysis will enable baby car seat to reach a high level of collision resistance.

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9

Jackowski, Jerzy, and Olga Michnikowska. "The influence of rear car seat position on the child’s load condition during collision." Mechanik 90, no. 2 (2017): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2017.2.34.

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The paper presents the results of the crash test aimed at observe level of acceleration of the dummy representing a child at the age of 3 years, seated in the car seat with various angle position of the rear seat of car. The research was carried out during simulated frontal collision at a speed of about 15 km/h. Selected for the child seats II÷III (15÷36 kg) weight category according to Regulation No. 44 of UNECE. Presented results of stand tests are aimed at compare dependence effect inclination angle the car seat and method of fixing it on car seat on examples.

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10

Hanai, Toshimichi, and Hideyuki Nagashima. "Car Seat System of the Future as Seen in “ARC-X”." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 10 (1988): 588–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/107118188786762702.

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Car seats of the future will have to give even greater consideration to the human aspects of comfort and style. Moreover, driver and passenger seats need to be designed separately, to optimize each seat according to its function and location the car interior. The seat system of the “ARC-X” experimental car is based on the results of body pressure distribution measurement, subjective evaluation, and other human engineering techniques. These were used to analyze driver and passenger postures from the standpoints of performance and comfort. This paper introduces features of the driver's seat and front and rear passenger seats adopted in the “ARC-X”, and reports some of the analytical results on which their design was based.

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McDonald, Catherine, Erin Kennedy, Linda Fleisher, and Mark Zonfrillo. "Situational Use of Child Restraint Systems and Carpooling Behaviors in Parents and Caregivers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (2018): 1788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081788.

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Suboptimal compliance with child restraint system (CRS) recommendations can increase risk for injury or death in a motor vehicle crash. The purpose of this study was to examine scenarios associated with incomplete CRS use and non-use in children ages 4–10 years. We used a cross-sectional online survey with a convenience sample of parent/caregivers from the United States, age ≥18 years, with a child age 4–10 years in their home, who could read and spoke English, and drove child ≥6 times in previous three months. We used descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U to describe and compare the distribution of responses to situational use of CRSs among car seat users and booster seat users. We also used descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney U to describe and compare the distribution of responses to carpooling items among booster seat users and non-booster seat users. There were significant differences among those who reported most often using booster seats (n = 282) and car seats (n = 127) in situations involving rental cars, driving just around the corner, car too crowded to fit the CRS, not enough CRSs in the vehicle, the CRS is missing from the car, or the child is in someone else’s car without a CRS (p < 0.05). Among those who reported most often using booster seats and who carpooled other children (n = 159), 71.7% (n = 114) always used a booster seat for their own child. When carpooling other children, booster seat users were significantly more likely to use booster seats for other children ages 4–10 than the non-booster seat users (p < 0.01). Continued education and programs surrounding CRS use is critical, particularly for children who should be in booster seats.

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12

Stein, N. "Car-Seat Test." PEDIATRICS 113, no. 5 (2004): 1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.113.5.1469.

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13

Williams, Linda E., and Jeanne E. Martin. "Car Seat Challenges." Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing 17, no. 2 (2003): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005237-200304000-00008.

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14

Christian, W. "Car seat palsy." Emergency Medicine Journal 23, no. 7 (2006): e43-e43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.2005.029298.

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15

Schoettle, Bonnie M. "Car seat update." Journal of Pediatric Health Care 5, no. 3 (1991): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0891-5245(91)90030-t.

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STARR, N. "Kids and car safety: Beyond car seats and seat belts." Journal of Pediatric Health Care 15, no. 5 (2001): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5245(01)00447-3.

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17

Starr, Nancy Barber. "Kids and car safety: Beyond car seats and seat belts." Journal of Pediatric Health Care 15, no. 5 (2001): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mph.2001.117956.

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18

Frej, Damian, Andrzej Zuska, and Emilia Szumska. "Laboratory Tests of the Control of the Child Seats using Method for the Vibration Comfort of Children Transported in Them." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 23, no. 3 (2021): B187—B199. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2021.3.b187-b199.

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The article presents results of the laboratory studies of the impact of the child seats mounting method on the vibration comfort of children transported in them. The tested child seats were mounted forward facing the rear seat of a passenger car. The A seat was fastened with the ISOFIX base, while the B seat was fastened with standard car seat belts. During the tests, values of the vertical vibrations were measured on the seat of the child seat, the rear seat of the vehicle and the ISOFIX base. It was noted that the analyzed system, may be characterized by two different vibration transmission chains, which depend on the child seat mounting system (classic seat mounting system and ISOFIX system). These studies show the negative impact of using the ISOFIX base, which is confirmed by the Root Mean Square (RMS) values and the Vibration Dose Value (VDV), determined for the "A" seat secured with the ISOFIX base that were higher than the RMS and VDV for the "B" classic mounted seat.

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19

VIERA, GLOMBIKOVA, KOMARKOVA PETRA, ANTONIN HAVELKA, and KOLINOVA MARCELA. "Approach to evaluation of car seats fabrics performance." Industria Textila 69, no. 02 (2018): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.069.02.1334.

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This paper deals with investigating performance of car seat fabrics in terms of their compression and recovery properties and physiological comfort of sitting. Polyurethane foam, nonwoven and 3D knitted spacer fabrics are commonly used as padding (in middle layer) in car seats cover. The current work presents an alternative approach to evaluate effectivity of car seat fabrics, namely their compression behaviour, variation in thickness under dynamic loading, thermal properties, water vapour resistance and air permeability. The above mentioned properties belong to basic requirements in car seat manufacturing. Micro tomography system was used to obtain detailed information about change in internal structure of fabric samples, before and after compression test.

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20

Fliegel, Vítězslav, and Rudolf Martonka. "Characteristics of PU Foam at Long Term Static and Dynamic Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 732 (February 2015): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.732.149.

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Characteristics cushions from PU foam together with coat determine comfort automobile seats. Frame of car seat with cushion from PU foam and cover serve like body rest. Also perform safety rules, that are demanded on car seat. Cushion in car seat is basically manufactured from PU foam. Experimental testing their property investigate correlation between their characteristic and comfort. One type of experiment is combination static and dynamic loading in medium term time interval . Subject research and content hereof article is recognition transmission characteristics and contact pressures cushions from PU foams in time interval two o'clock in turns static and dynamically weight constant loading.

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21

Wiggins, K. G., and J. E. Allard. "The evidential value of fabric car seats and car seat covers." Journal of the Forensic Science Society 27, no. 2 (1987): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-7368(87)72715-7.

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22

Jerkovic, Ivona, Josep Maria Pallarés, Monica Ardanuy, and Xavier Capdevila. "Abrasive Elements and Abrasion Resistance Tests for Car Seat Upholstery." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 8, no. 3 (2013): 155892501300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501300800304.

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The weight of textile components in automobiles is expected to rise to 35 kg by 2020, and the average lifetime of a vehicle is about 12 years. Car seats are the most important part of the interior decoration, and polyester is the most widely used material in car seat covering. Abrasion resistance tests are used to quantify the duration of car seat upholstery in normal usage, and this is one of the most important requirements. Several testing methods, standards, and car producer specifications have been developed to define the abrasion resistance of specified materials, and pre-tests have been taken to identify parameters for this research. The objective of this study was to compare three abrasion tests with different abrasive elements using car seat upholstery structures. Comparison among abrasion testers and abrasive papers shows statistically significant differences. The relationship between weight loss and abrasion cycles can be modelled by regression equations.

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23

Haller, Kathryn, and Marsha Waggoner. "Depicting Car Seat Safety." Nursing for Women's Health 16, no. 2 (2012): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-486x.2012.01714.x.

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Xu, Zhi Wei, Zhong Qi Sheng, Hong Hong Zhang, and Yong Xian Liu. "Car Seat Backrest Static Strength Experiment and Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.178.

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According to the characteristics of car seat structure and the distribution of car seat load, the finite element static strength model of the car seat is constructed in this paper. The model contains shell elements and beam elements. Some seat structure elements such as welding connection, screw connection, pin connection are simplified in the model. Simulation analysis of the static characteristics of car seat backrest frame model is carried out. At the same time, the experimental research on the static strength characteristics of the back seat is made by the measurements of non-electric physical quantities. By comparing and analyzing the results of experiment and computer simulation of seat static strength, the practicability and credibility of the seat static finite element analysis model and simplified model constructed in this paper are verified. It also proves that the simulation of various connecting forms of the seat structure is effective and is a reliable method in the structural design of the car seat. The model and simulation of the car seat can reduce the cost and shorten the design period.

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Smith, Jodi L., and Laurie L. Ackerman. "Management of cervical spine injuries in young children: lessons learned." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 4, no. 1 (2009): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.2.peds08362.

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Previous studies have shown that the correct use of car safety seats can protect infants and children from vehicular injury. Although child passenger devices are increasingly used in the US, motor vehicle crashes continue to be the leading cause of death and acquired disability in infants and children younger than 14 years of age. These events are likely related, at least in part, to the high percentage of children who are unrestrained or improperly restrained. The authors present 2 cases of severe cervical spine trauma in young children restrained in car safety seats during a motor vehicle crash: 1) a previously healthy 14-month-old girl who was improperly restrained in a forward-facing booster seat secured to the vehicle by a lap belt, and 2) a previously healthy 30-month-old girl who was a rear seat passenger restrained in a car safety seat. This study points out the unique challenges encountered in treating cervical spine injuries in infants and young children, as well as the lessons learned, and emphasizes the significance of continuing efforts to increase family and public awareness regarding the importance of appropriate child safety seat selection and use.

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26

Rok Simon, Mateja, Aleš Korošec, and Marjan Bilban. "The influence of parental education and other socio-economic factors on child car seat use." Slovenian Journal of Public Health 56, no. 1 (2017): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjph-2017-0008.

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Abstract Introduction The behaviour of parents in ensuring car passenger safety for their children is associated with socio-economic (SE) status of the family; however, the influence of parental education has rarely been researched and the findings are contradictory. The aim of the study was to clarify whether parental education influences the use of a child car seat during short rides. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out in outpatient clinics for children’s healthcare across Slovenia. 904 parents of 3-year-old children participated in the study; the response rate was 95.9%. A self-administered questionnaire was used. A binary multiple logistic regression was applied to assess the association between parental unsafe behaviour as dependent variable, and education and other SE factors as independent variables. Results 14.6% of parents did not use a child car seat during short rides. Families where mother had low or college education had higher odds of the non-use of a child car seat than families where mother had a university education. Single-parent families and those who lived in areas with low or medium SE status also had higher odds of the non-use of a child car seat. Conclusions Low educational attainment influences parents’ behaviour regarding the non-use of a child car seat. Low parental education is not the only risk factor since some highly educated parents also have high odds of unsafe behaviour. All parents should therefore be included in individually tailored safety counselling programmes. SE inequalities could be further reduced with provision of free child car seats for eligible families.

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Zhang, Bing Chen, Wei Min Guo, and Yan Qun Wang. "Research on Seat Design of Railway Passenger Car." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.260.

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Railway transportation hold a leading post in the long-distance passenger transport market. Passengers spend most of their time sitting, so seat affect passenger comfort most among interior facilities of coach. One of the major tasks of interior design is functionality and comfort of seat. Seat width, seat depth and seat height are basic functions factors of seat. The seat depth is major issue of functionality design of 25g car. The shape of cushion and backrest are main comfort factors of seat. The backrest angle is major issue of comfort design of 25g car now. The interior system design of railway passenger car can be developed if we stress and make rational use of these factors of seat design.

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Pavlov, Nikolay, Evgeni Sokolov, Emil Iontchev, Rossen Miletiev, and Mihail Peychev. "Transmission of lateral vibrations to children during car traveling and possibilities for their reduction." MATEC Web of Conferences 287 (2019): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928703007.

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The publication addresses the need for technical solutions to reduce the transmission of lateral vibrations to passengers, especially children traveling by car in a child seat. A special design of a pendulum type tilting child seat has been proposed. Results of road trial conducted on a specific mountain road section are shown. The differences in the values of lateral accelerations acting on a child traveling in a conventional and in a tilting seat are given. The power spectral densities of lateral accelerations for both types of child seats are presented and compared. The root mean square values of lateral acceleration are given. Results for the values of the seat tilt angle are presented.

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29

Bolcik, V. N. "Tumble Forms Car Seat Discontinued." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 41, no. 8 (1987): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.41.8.537b.

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&NA;. "CAR SEAT SAFETY TEACHING TOOL." Advances in Neonatal Care 1, no. 1 (2001): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/adnc.2001.27786.

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Koops, Lisa Huisman. "Songs From the Car Seat." Journal of Research in Music Education 62, no. 1 (2014): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429413520007.

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The purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate the musical “place” of the family vehicle by describing the music making of nine young children, ages 10 months to 4.5 years, that occurred in vehicles over the course of 9 weeks during which the children were enrolled in a researcher-led early childhood music course. Research questions examined the qualities of children’s music making in the car, optimal activities, and comparison of in-car and at-home music spaces. Data included parent journals on music activities that occurred in a vehicle, parent-filmed videos of children’s music-making activities both in and out of vehicles, videos of early childhood music classes, researcher field notes of music classes, and exit interviews with parents regarding their perceptions of music-making in the vehicles. The children sang, moved, listened to music, composed, and improvised while in the car, with activities mostly similar to those that occurred inside of the home. The family vehicle provided several advantageous characteristics as compared with the home, including reduced distractions; proximity to siblings, leading to increased sibling interaction at times; and opportunity for parent and child reflection.

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32

Ismail, Ahmad Rasdan, Siti Nuratikah Abdullah, Ezrin Hani Sukadarin, and Baba Md Deros. "Ergonomics Assessment of Seat Design Based on Buttock Pressure and Anthropometrics Data." Advanced Engineering Forum 10 (December 2013): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.10.331.

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Todays global competition has prompted many automotive manufacturers to design their products based on consumers preference and satisfaction. A car driver controls the vehicle and his/her comfort and safety is important to avoid any road injury or unfortunate accident. There are three main objectives for this paper. This paper is to investigate the relationships between car drivers anthropometric characteristics, comfortable postural angles and seat adjustment, to analyze the force distribution on the car seat and to design a driver car seat that gives comfort and safety ergonomically to the driver. In this case, the measurements need to be taken for both car and the driver and also to propose a design a driver car seat that provides comfort and safety to the driver. This design should be based on ergonomic factors including design, materials used and safety. These findings enhance our understandings of car drivers perceptions of posture comfort and safety. The data findings and relationship discussed will assist the manufacturers in designing a drivers car seat with ergonomics value.

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Roh, Eui Kyung. "Effect of punching on physical and mechanical properties of leathers: Focus on car seat covers." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 14 (January 2019): 155892501989056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925019890569.

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As a lot of time is spent in the car, the comfort of not only the car seat but also the car seat cover itself has become of increasing importance. With increasing use of ventilated seats, the control of the physical and mechanical properties of leather in response to punching has become of prime importance in the design of car seats. This study evaluated the changes in the physical and mechanical properties of leather due to punching and proposes optimum punching intervals for car seats. Sixteen types of leather, punched at three spatial intervals (2, 3, and 5 mm), were evaluated in terms of their apparent density, softness, coefficient of friction, warm-cool feeling, and mechanical properties. Leather punching affected its physical and mechanical properties. However, there were differences in punching intervals that significantly affected each property, including the mechanical properties. Depending on the performance required when developing a product, a suitable punching interval must be selected. Therefore, punching at 5 mm intervals is preferred for obtaining physical and mechanical properties similar to those of untreated leathers, and punching at 3 mm intervals is recommended for achieving more softness. On the contrary, punching at 2 mm intervals increases air permeability but decreases dimensional stability.

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Mariane Fraga Dias Santana, Jeancarlo Pereira dos Anjos, Marcelo Pinheiro Fontes, and Tatiana Barreto Rocha Nery. "Presence of Microorganisms and Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Car Seat Fabrics: A Brief Review." JOURNAL OF BIOENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO HEALTH 4, no. 2 (2021): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34178/jbth.v4i2.163.

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The present paper discusses the presence of microorganisms in textile materials, especially in car seats, and the use of antimicrobial agents. We observed that the main agent between the user and the car's microbial system are the seats, due to the direct contact with the users. In addition, the environment in which the car is inserted, the type of car, and the seat fabric-type influence directly the reproduction of the microbial system. Microorganisms found in different parts of cars, especially in seats, could be potential threats to human health. Thus, to combat these microorganisms, it is necessary to study antimicrobial agents aimed at eliminating or inhibiting their reproduction and, consequently, promoting hygiene, ensuring the health and well-being of car users.

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Pan, Gong Yu, Hai Yang, and Yong Tian Liu. "Study of Commercial Vehicle Active Seat Suspension." Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (December 2013): 641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.641.

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A 7-DOF half-car dynamic model which includes the cab mounting system and seat suspension system was established to study the performance of active seat suspension. The optimal control method was applied to design the active control system. Two dynamic simulation models of the passive seat suspension and the active seat suspension were set up by Matlab/Simulink, and the performance of the passive and active seat system was simulated in the time and frequency domain. The simulation results show that the active seat suspension can greatly improve the vehicle seat performance and the study has supplied the academic reference in the applications of the active seat suspension.

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Danko, Ján, Tomáš Milesich, and Jozef Bucha. "Nonlinear Model of the Passenger Car Seat Suspension System." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 67, no. 1 (2017): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scjme-2017-0002.

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Abstract The paper deals with the modelling of a passenger car seat suspension system. Currently, vehicle safety and ride comfort are one of the most important factors of vehicle design. This article analyses a mathematical model of the passenger car seat suspension system. Furthermore, experimental measurements of the passenger car seat suspension system are performed. Utilizing the experimental data, model parameters are identified. From the chosen mathematical model a simulation model in constructed in Matlab is designed. In this simulation, the force-velocity and force-displacement characteristics of the passenger car seat suspension system are described. Finally, evaluation of simulated damper characteristics with the characteristics form measured data are performed.

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Paine, Michael. "Child restraints for cars in low and middle-income countries." Journal of Road Safety 31, no. 2 (2020): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-19-00258.

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When used correctly, modern child restraints provide exceptional protection for children in car crashes. Most vehicles sold in high-income countries (HIC) have top tether anchorages and/or ISOFIX lower anchorages that are intended to reduce the incidence of misuse, in addition to improving occupant protection. Most vehicles in LMIC do not have these features and many do not have seat belts in rear seats or have inferior lap-only seat belts in these seats. Children in these vehicles are at much greater risk of severe injury in the event of a crash. This paper examines ways to safely restrain children in these ill-equipped vehicles, mainly through retrofitting child restraint anchorages and seat belts.

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Naughton, Padraig, and Klaus Rudert. "Improved car seats by blow-moulded plastic seat-back design." ATZ worldwide 108, no. 12 (2006): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03225198.

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Yan, Tao Hai. "Experimental Research about Polyester Viscose Seat Fabric Water and Oil Repellent Finishing." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.514.

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The car seat fabric is the main part of the car interior, the water-and oil-repellent performance is an important factor of the antifouling performance, this article get the optimum technological parameters by doing the finishing experiments of the polyester viscose car seat fabric water-and oil-repellent.

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Cho, Chang Hyun, and Seung Bok Choi. "Designing Requirement of Spring and MR Damper for New Type Baby Car Seat." Applied Mechanics and Materials 741 (March 2015): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.741.28.

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In modern society, a plenty of car accident is occurred and a lot of people get injury every day. For this reason, the importance of car safety has been increased and car safety has been extensively studied. Especially in many countries, the law about using baby safety seat is legislated to protect babies and children from accident. Thus, recently numerous products for baby safety have been developed. In this paper, a new type baby car seat is proposed to protect babies and children from frontal accident. In order to achieve this goal, design requirements of spring and MR(Magnetorheological) Damper which are main elements for a new type baby car seat are investigated.

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Daruis, D. D. I., B. M. Deros, M. J. M. Nor, and M. Hosseini Fouladi. "Relationship between Objective and Subjective Methods in Evaluating Static Discomfort of Car Driver Seat." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 4997–5003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.4997.

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Objective method alone is insufficient in measuring discomfort of car seats. It is indirect and does not truly convey the perception and feeling of the sitter. A combination of both objective and subjective method gives better evaluation on discomfort. Seat pressure distribution method was adopted to investigate the static characteristic of a seat. The method was found to be statistically repeatable in measuring sitting of fourteen male subjects in static condition. Subjective discomfort through subjective assessment using a valid and reliable self-established questionnaire together with a body pressure map (BPM) showed increasing discomfort as sitting time increase; which is expected. The short term seat pressure distribution was used to be correlated with subjective assessment. Significant and moderate correlation was observed between four local body parts namely the seat pan bolster, thighs, upper back and lower back with overall seat average pressure BPM used in the subjective evaluation. Multiple linear regression model were established; overall discomfort from averaged pressure from BPM can be predicted from right & left buttock, right & left thigh and upper back & lower back. It was found that R-Sq=93.5%, R-Sq (adj) = 83.7% with moderately adequate predictive ability with predicted R-Sq= 46.77%.

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Lowe, Kevin. "Advising families on car seat safety." Journal of Health Visiting 4, no. 12 (2016): 610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/johv.2016.4.12.610.

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Vuong, Thien. "CHILD CAR SEAT WITH ENHANCED FEATURES." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131, no. 4 (2012): 3194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4707464.

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Davis, Natalie Louise, Yevgeniy Zenchenko, Anthony Lever, and Lawrence Rhein. "Car Seat Safety for Preterm Neonates: Implementation and Testing Parameters of the Infant Car Seat Challenge." Academic Pediatrics 13, no. 3 (2013): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2013.01.009.

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Škrlec, Andrej, Jernej Klemenc, and Matija Fajdiga. "Parameter identification for a low-density-foam material model using numerical optimisation procedures." Engineering Computations 31, no. 7 (2014): 1532–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-03-2013-0100.

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Purpose – In the event of a crash involving a car, its seats, together with their backrests and head supports, ensure the safety of the passengers. The filling material used for such a car seat is normally made of polyurethane foam. To simulate the behaviour of the seat assembly during a crash, the material characteristics of the seat-filling foam should be appropriately modelled. The purpose of this paper is to present a method, with which the proper parameter values of the selected material model for the seat-filling foam can be easily determined. Design/methodology/approach – In the study, an experiment with the specimen from seat-filling foam was carried out. The results from this experiment were the basis for the determination of the parameter values of the low-density-foam material model, which is often used in crash-test simulations. Two different numerical optimisation algorithms – a genetic algorithm and a gradient-descent algorithm – were coupled with LS-DYNA explicit simulations to identify the material parameters. Findings – The paper provides comparison of two optimisation algorithms and discusses the engineering applicability of the results. Originality/value – This paper presents an approach for the identification of the missing parameter values of the highly non-linear material model, if these cannot be easily determined directly from experimental data.

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Howard-Salsman, Kimberly. "Car Seat Safety for High-Risk Infants." Neonatal Network 25, no. 2 (2006): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.25.2.117.

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Most neonates discharged from the hospital are able to go home in a standard car safety seat. Some infants, though, require special devices to ensure their safe travel. NICU nurses must have the knowledge and skills to comfortably and competently give vital information to parents preparing to take their infant home. This article is intended to increase awareness among NICU nurses of the potential dangers babies face when placed in a car seat. It provides a basic overview of car seat safety for infants being discharged home from an NICU and includes references for those who seek further information on this topic.

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Qiao, Yu, Changjiang Du, Yunpeng Cong, Zeyang Tian, Shuhang Wang, and Zhun Zhao. "Research on seat perceived comfort evaluation based on factor analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 260 (2021): 03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126003019.

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Car seat is one of the most important parts of the direct contact with consumers, consumers' subjective perception of seat comfort depends on the choice of car, and the automobile industry in the perception of car seat comfort evaluation and research work, is still in its infancy, convened by the project through to the six major cities, 900 consumers respectively for 18 to subjective comfort evaluation of standard models, this article selects three same level models of standard models, for example, through the factor analysis method to calculate the subjective comfort ratings, and use the objective measurement data of subjective rating transverse comparison test. The results show that the subjective comfort score can reflect the comfort degree of the seat.

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Mazari, Funda, Adnan Mazari, Antonin Havelka, and Jakub Wiener. "Effect of a Superabsorbent for the Improvement of Car Seat Thermal Comfort." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 25 (April 30, 2017): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/12303666.1228187.

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The use of super absorbent polymers (SAP) for moisture absorption and comfort is still unexplored. The aim of this work was to observe the application of super absorbent fibres in car seats for comfort purposes. In this research the efficiency of different SAP fibrous webs were determined under different moisture percentages to examine the sorption and desorption efficiency. A SAP fibrous web with low thickness and high moisture absorption were tested with a multilayer sandwich structure of a car seat cover to determine moisture absorption through the cover material. The standard Cup method was used to determine the moisture permeability of different car seat covers with a superabsorbent layer closed with impermeable polyurethane foam. It was observed that the SAP fibrous layers are very effective in absorbing and desorbing water vapour under extremely high and low moisture percentages. In extreme humid conditions (95%RH), 20g of the SAP layer absorbs nearly 70% of its weight in water vapour, reaching the maximum absorption capacity in 6 hours.

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Purba, Humiras Hardi, Sunadi Sunadi, Suhendra Suhendra, and Else Paulina. "The Application of Quality Function Deployment in Car Seat Industry." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 11, no. 1 (2020): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v11i1.6329.

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The research aimed to ensure the right design of new products based on customer needs and to improve competitiveness based on renewal marketing strategies and customer needs in the car seat industry. Customer satisfaction ratings were used to compare with competitors. Then, the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) was implemented for the analysis. The research used total sampling or complete enumeration. So, the sample size was the same as the population size. Based on calculations using the QFD method, it shows that the seat option has the highest percentage of technical requirements in the car seat industry around 27,39%. The second factor is material about 25,94%, and the third factor is the damping characteristic about 19,17%. For continuous quality improvement in the future, a lot of customer needs regarding the seat car need to be developed.

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Hong, Seungkweon, Dongyool Kim, Kathryn Kritkausky, and Raheel Rashid. "Effects of Imitative Behavior on Seat Belt Usage: Three Field Observational Studies." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, no. 15 (1998): 1093–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804201508.

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Three field observational studies were conducted to examine the influence of a front seat car passenger (model) seat belt usage/non-usage on driver seat belt usage. In addition, the effects of driving location (study 1 and 2), time of day (study 1), day of week (study 2) and gender (study 3) were also examined. The results showed an overall seat belt use rate of about 70%, typical for New York State. All three studies showed that driver seat belt usage was significantly related to the front seat passenger seat belt rate. When the front-seat passenger wore the seat belt, 77% (79.4%-study 2, 87.1%-study 3) of the drivers wore the seat belt; when the front seat passenger did not wear the seat belt, only 44% (49.0%-study 2, 38.4%-study 3) of the drivers wore the seat belt. Results failed to show any significant effects of time of the day or day of week, but showed the expected significant effect of driving location (study 2). No overall main effect of gender on modeling was obtained, though interesting specific results were obtained. These studies extend earlier experimental work on the effects of modeling on seat belt usage, and confirm that car occupant seat belt behavior significantly impacts the other occupant's seat belt usage.

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