Academic literature on the topic 'Car Wash'
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Journal articles on the topic "Car Wash"
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Smallwood, Carol. "Car Wash." English Journal 95, no. 3 (January 1, 2006): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30047066.
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Schuster, Joseph M. "Car Wash." Missouri Review 11, no. 1 (1988): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.1988.0041.
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Kersaint, Gladis. "The Car Wash." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 9, no. 7 (March 2004): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.9.7.0373.
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The editorial panel is presenting the following problem to stimulate submissions to “The Thinking of Students” department. We encourage teachers to try this problem with students and analyze the different strategies that they use to solve the problem.
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Nadzirah, Z., H. Nor Haslina, and H. Rafidah. "Removal of Important Parameter from Car Wash Wastewater - A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 1153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.1153.
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Abstract. Huge quantity of water consumed per car and the various chemical agents used in car wash activities discharged the untreated effluents into stormwater system and eventually ending up in our lakes, rivers and oceans [1]. The accumulated sediments from vehicle wash contain contaminants that reach concentrations where the sludge is considered as a controlled or hazardous waste including of metals, elevated levels of oil and grease, and the unacceptable levels of acidity or alkalinity [2]. This paper provides a comprehensive review of car wash wastewater data analyzes regarding the wastewater discharges, as well as contaminant levels of car wash activities. Besides, the further extensive research on treatments used for the car wash industry for pollutant removal routes including the removal effeciency of pollutants has also been highlighted. The expansion of the review on the influence of the treatment indicates that, the effeciency on removal pollutants depends on the treatment used. Overall, the review illustrates the necessity of a profound knowledge on the car wash wastewater with an extensive lists of common treatment of car wash wastewater in providing the alternative way for on-site treatment for car wash outlet in treating the effluent before discharging into water bodies. Hence, decreases the pollution governing environmental, operational parameters, and the treatment performances of low cost system in treating the car wash wastewater.
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Kuan, Wen-Hui, Ching-Yao Hu, Li-Wei Ke, and Jung-Ming Wu. "A Review of On-Site Carwash Wastewater Treatment." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 5764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105764.
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In recent years, people’s environmental awareness has increased. The high density of the urban population has caused a considerable increase in the demand for car washing services, which has created large quantities of car wash wastewater. The main pollutants in car wash wastewater are detergents, dirt, oil, and grease. Untreated wastewater released into rainwater sewer systems or other water bodies may pollute the water and generate excessive bubble foams, which negatively affects urban appearance. Car washes are divided into mechanical car washes and manual or self-service car washes. In general, car washes have a small operation and scale, occupy limited land, and cannot afford wastewater treatment costs. Therefore, most car washes are not equipped with wastewater treatment facilities. Consequently, the discharge of wastewater from car washes negatively affects the water quality in the surrounding environment and results in wasteful use of water resources. This study reviewed 68 research papers on the quality, treatment techniques, treatment costs, and treatment effectiveness of car wash wastewater to provide a reference for car wash operators to contribute to the preservation of water resources. We found that there is a higher chance of recycling car wash wastewater when combing two different techniques for car wash wastewater treatment.
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Gardner, Lyndsey. "Outdoor resource box… car wash." Nursery World 2016, no. 13 (July 2, 2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nuwa.2016.13.24.
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Shahrul Shafendy Bin Ibrahim, Muhammad, and Nor Haslina Hashim. "Characterization of Car Wash Wastewater from Manually dispersed, Snow and Auto Car Wash Stations." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.23 (August 9, 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.23.17257.
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Although commonly perceived lightly in the eye of public, car wash wastewater should be taken more seriously as they have the tendency to be harmful and toxic not only towards the environment, but also humans. In this study, car wash wastewater samples were taken from three stations in Johor with different cleaning methods; manually-dispersed car wash (MCW), snow car wash (SCW) and auto car wash (ACW). At each station, samples were taken during the initial rinsing (IR), and final rinsing (FR) of the vehicles. The samples taken were analyzed for its pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), oil and grease (O&G), total suspended solids (TSS), anions (anionic surfactant, nitrate, sulphate, chloride, fluoride, orthophosphate) and heavy metals (iron, zinc, magnesium, chromium, manganese, copper, lead, silver). The results obtained shows that there appears to be no specific pattern to differentiate between the IR and FR samples due to the different washing methods, chemicals and equipment used. The level of contamination of the car wash wastewater was SCW>MCW>ACW. Overall, the result shows that some of the samples did not pass the standard discharge limit; pH, COD, BOD, O&G, TSS, AS and Fe. This shows that car wash wastewater produced in the cleaning activities should be given more concern and need to be treated before being released to the water body.
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Odiana, Sylvester, Monday Onoja, and Ernest Ebun-Igbeare. "Municipal water resources management: evaluation of water consumption by car wash facilities in Bauchi Town, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 20, no. 2 (July 25, 2016): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v20i2.18.
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Car wash can be defined as a facility used to clean the exterior and in some cases, the interior of motor vehicles. These facilities are common in Bauchi and other cities in Nigeria. They use water as a major input thereby causing serious challenges to water resources management. Car wash facilities in Bauchi depend on municipal water supply by water board. The study aimed at determining the rate of municipal water consumption by car wash facilities in Bauchi. It was carried out by measuring the volume of water used in washing cars by some selected car wash facilities in the town using both bucket and hose methods. The data collected were analysed using statistical method such as random sampling techniques and simple descriptive method like Tables, Figures and mean. The result shows that 1,710,091.2L is withdrawn daily from the municipal water supply by car wash facilities. This is more than the quantity of water serving zone ‘L’ of the 16-zones of Bauchi Water Demand Zones. It also shows that the use of hose consume 441.2L/day and the use of bucket consume 115.5L/day which indicate that more water is wasted using hose method. Therefore, car wash facilities consume significant amount of water supplied by the Water Board. If the current trend continues and with the proliferation of car wash in Bauchi, there will be water shortage to the populace who are the primary beneficiaries.Keywords: car wash, Bauchi, input,Water Board, consumption, volume
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Manfi, Masrulin Dwi. "Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan, Harga dan Kepercayaan Konsumen terhadap Keputusan Penggunaan Jasa Pencucian Mobil Si Galuh Samarinda." Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Fisipol Unmul 9, no. 2 (May 29, 2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.54144/jadbis.v9i2.5406.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Service Quality, Price and Consumer Trust on Service Usage Decisions at Si Galuh Car Wash. There are three independent variables in this study, namely Service Quality (X1), Price (X2) Consumer Confidence (X3) and one dependent variable, namely Service Use Decision (Y). The number of samples in this study were 100 consumers in Si Galuh Car Wash and data analysis used SPSS version25 software. The tests carried out in this study are validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression test, correlation coefficient test, determination coefficient test, t test and f test. The results in this study are the service quality variable partially has a positive and significant effect while the price and consumer trust variables partially have a positive but insignificant effect on the decision to use services at Si Galuh Car Wash. The results of the f test (simultaneous) show that service quality, price and consumer trust simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on the decision to use services at Si Galuh Car Wash. There are deficiencies in Si Galuh Car Wash, namely the less comfortable waiting room, this is evidenced by 44 of the 100 respondents who were researched, 44 stated that the waiting room at Si Galuh Car Wash was uncomfortable and 16 people stated that it was uncomfortable. It is recommended that Si Galuh Car Wash create a more comfortable waiting room for consumers so that consumers who wash their vehicles can feel comfortable while waiting for their vehicles to be washed.
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Kusuma, Aniek Suryanti, and I. Wayan Gede Sadiawan. "Sistem Informasi Pelayanan Jasa Pencucian Mobil Dan Motor Pada Max Car Wash Berbasis Web." Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Komputer Terapan Indonesia (JSIKTI) 2, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33173/jsikti.88.
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Service is the provision of a performance or invisible action from one side to another side. One of the companies that focus on services is Max Car Wash, Max Car Wash is a company engaged in car wash and motorcycles services located at Jalan Raya Batubulan, Sukawati, Gianyar, Bali. Issues contained among the recording transactions are still on a note and ledger, the distribution of commissions to the staff is not maximum yet. In addition, the service to customers is less satisfactory seen from the behavior of some existing customers that can’t wait for his vehicle in the wash. Based on these problems, Max Car Wash needs a service system that is expected to assist in serving the process of payment transactions and recording commission staff each workmanship. In this system is also available queue booking feature, where customers can make a booking queue first. This study has been successfully built an information system service car and motor wash. This system aims to help the company by improving customer service and provide ease in obtaining the reports desired company.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Car Wash"
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Loya, Coral Fiorella. "Servicio especializado de car wash." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/621960.
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RESUMEN EJECUTIVO
Hoy en día nos encontramos en la evolución global de los negocios, el punto clave está en buscar la innovación de estos para lograr el éxito esperado. Por lo tanto, al iniciar un negocio se busca poder cubrir ciertas necesidades de nuestros clientes que otras empresas no hayan detectado o no se hayan adecuado a la evolución de las exigencias de estos mismos. Teniendo en cuenta todos estos detalles y a las tendencias del mercado se encontró la oportunidad de lanzarnos al mercado con un negocio que cumpla con estas demandas, tendencias y que a su vez sean viables y rentables para quienes las proponen.
Las personas en su día a día sufren de estrés constante ya sea ocasionado por el trabajo o por el tránsito de la ciudad, por ello decidimos crear Team Car Wash. Team Car Wash es un centro de lavado de autos, que no solo se enfoca en brindarle al cliente un lavado de lujo de sus autos, si no que adicionalmente busca cubrir otras necesidades en base a áreas de entretenimiento como una Cafetería, Barbería y un salón de masajes ; todo adecuado para que nuestros clientes puedan desestresarse mientras esperan el lavado de sus autos.
Team Car Wash estará ubicada en Av. Faucett N°330, distrito de San Miguel., teniendo en cuenta que nuestro mercado objetivo está dirigido a estratos A y B.
En el estudio de mercado realizado pudimos notar que este tipo de empresas en el distrito de San Miguel tienen excelente acogida, se observa que el lavado de vehículo se hace con frecuencia semanal (60%), seguido de quincenal (35%) y mensual (5%); lo cual garantiza que es un rubro con demanda constante. Con lo cual nuestra empresa realizara diferentes actividades que hagan que la demanda de nuestro principal servicio (lavado de autos) tenga mayor demanda semanal.
Consideramos que las maneras de satisfacer las necesidades presentes en este sector lo realizaremos implementando un car wash con excelente servicio, uso de productos con estándares de calidad e implementando servicios adicionales que optimicen el tiempo de espera de lavado mediante servicio de corte de cabello, masajes y cafetería.
Finalmente, consideramos que nuestro proyecto es rentable y viable; ya que contamos con un VAN y TIR positivos que van a favor del normal funcionamiento de nuestra empresa e incentivo para posibles inversionistas en nuestro proyecto.
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Armas, Vicharra Vanessa, Elescano Alicia Luz Mucha, Carrasco Renzzo Jeamir Polanco, and Ventura Jessica María Vicos. "EcoSpray: Servicio ecológico de car wash vía delivery." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625359.
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El presente proyecto se realizó con la finalidad de promover entre los usuarios, el uso correcto del agua en los centros de lavados de autos, los famosos car wash; debido a que actualmente en estos centros se usa de manera irracional.
La idea del proyecto surge a raíz de la preocupación de unos de los integrantes del curso Desarrollo de Negocios 1, José Sipión quién es ambientalista; logrando así identificar un problema y una necesidad insatisfecha pero a la vez, proponiendo la solución al mismo que conlleva a una idea de negocio. Por este motivo, el proyecto tiene como principal objetivo cubrir la necesidad de la demanda del mercado (clientes), a través de una empresa que le brinde la seguridad y cuidado de su vehículo; cuidando su bienestar a través del cuidado del medio ambiente.
Es así que nace EcoSpray car wash, empresa que busca cubrir una necesidad que se detectó mediante la investigación de mercado, en donde se realizó entrevistas de profundidad en la zona 6 de Lima Metropolitana, a personas que tengan vehículo, considerados millenials y que usen redes sociales. Como resultado de ello, se comprobó que no tienen tiempo tanto para dirigirse a un centro de lavados como esperar a que realicen el lavado de sus vehículos. El servicio que se plantea ofrecer, requiere del uso de un aplicativo móvil, la cual es sencilla y amigable para el cliente, por ella se solicitará el servicio de lavado de autos a domicilio, en el cual se deberá colocar los datos del cliente, la ubicación donde se encuentra el vehículo y método de pago.
Frente a la competencia, son pocas las empresas peruanas que brinden igual o servicios similares al de la compañía, siendo nuestra ventaja competitiva: el tiempo de lavado de un vehículo (30 min. Aprox), dura menos que el tiempo promedio de la competencia. Los productos que se usan para el lavado son eco amigable y la disponibilidad de horarios de atención.
La oficina de la empresa se ubicará en San Miguel, escogimos esta ubicación debido a que se ubica en una zona estratégica y es perteneciente a la zona 6 de Lima Metropolitana, por lo tanto se brindará atención tanto a proveedores, clientes e inversionistas. El proyecto se elaboró con un equipo de trabajo: Vanessa Armas, Alicia Mucha, Renzo Polanco y Jessica Vicos, quienes serán los mismos encargados de dirigir el buen funcionamiento de la empresa, debido a la experiencia del equipo, se ha divido la organización en cuatro áreas: Gerencia General y RRHH, Gerencia de Operaciones, Gerencia de Marketing y Gerencia de Contabilidad y Finanzas.
En cuanto a la inversión del proyecto, se necesita un total de inversión S/ 42,210.00, con una estructura de financiamiento de 80% accionistas y 20% caja Piura. Así mismo, la inversión se recupera en un lapso menor a 2 años (1 año y 4 meses), luego de ello se percibirán las ganancias del proyecto.
Es un mercado nuevo, existe un nicho de mercado bastante aceptable y la competencia es muy poca; por lo tanto existe buena expectativa por este proyecto. Finalmente de acuerdo al análisis de mercado, financiero, etc. realizado por los miembros del equipo, se considera que el proyecto “EcoSpray” es una muy buena alternativa de inversión.The present project was carried out in order to promote among users, the correct use of water in car wash centers, the famous car wash; because at present these centers are used irrationally. The idea of the project arises from the concern of some of the members of the course Business Development 1, José Sipión who is environmentalist; achieving thus identify a problem and an unsatisfied need but at the same time, proposing the solution to it that leads to a business idea. For this reason, the main objective of the project is to cover the need for market demand (customers), through a company that provides the safety and care of your vehicle; taking care of their welfare through the care of the environment. This is how EcoSpray car wash was born, a company that seeks to cover a need that was detected through market research, where in-depth interviews were conducted in zone 6 of Metropolitan Lima, to people who have a vehicle, considered millennials and who use networks social. As a result, it was found that they do not have time to go to a washing center as much as to wait for them to wash their vehicles. The service that is proposed to offer, requires the use of a mobile application, which is simple and friendly for the customer, it will request the car wash service at home, in which you must place the client's data, the location where the vehicle is located and payment method. In contrast to the competition, there are few Peruvian companies that provide the same or similar services to the company, being our competitive advantage: the time of washing a vehicle (30 min.Approx), it lasts less than the average time of the competition. The products used for washing are eco-friendly and the availability of opening hours. The office of the company will be located in San Miguel, we chose this location because it is located in a strategic area and belongs to zone 6 of Metropolitan Lima, therefore it will provide attention to suppliers, customers and investors. The project was elaborated with a work team: Vanessa Armas, Alicia Mucha, Renzo Polanco and Jessica Vicos, who will be the same ones in charge of directing the good functioning of the company, due to the experience of the team, the organization has been divided into four areas: General Management and Human Resources, Operations Management, Marketing Management and Accounting and Finance Management. Regarding the investment of the project, a total investment of S / 42,210.00 is needed, with a financing structure of 80% shareholders and 20% of the Piura case. Likewise, the investment is recovered in less than 2 years (1 year and 4 months), after which the project's profits will be received. It is a new market, there is a fairly acceptable market niche and there is very little competition; therefore there is good expectation for this project. Finally according to the analysis of market, financial, etc. performed by team members, it is considered that the "EcoSpray" project is a very good investment alternative.
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Moreno, Ore Wagner, Llontop Denisse de Jesús Nolasco, Espinoza Carol Nataly Poma, and Pantoja Pamela Lizet Sanchez. "Car Wash Home: Servicio de lavado de vehículos a domicilio." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/641163.
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El servicio está enfocado a todas las personas que tienen un ritmo de vida acelerado y que no disponen de tanto tiempo, la idea se origina en ofrecer un servicio a domicilio, cómodo, efectivo y que permita optimizar el tiempo al cliente.
El proyecto Car wash home, cuenta con una instalación ubicada en Jr. Templo Tardío #447 Urb. Mangomarca en el distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho, lugar estratégico ya que se encuentra dentro del mercado objetivo. El servicio que se brindará es el lavado de autos y/o camionetas a domicilio, el valor agregado del servicio es que utilizamos productos ecológicos.
El proceso de solicitud de servicio se inicia con el pedido del cliente, el cual se puede realizar a través de la APP, WhatsApp, Redes sociales.
La fuente de ingresos del negocio será el Servicio de lavados de vehículos, el proyecto brindará dos tipos de servicio, siendo Lavado Express y Lavado Full, ambos para autos y/o camionetas.
La inversión a realizar será de S/70,863.34 de los cuales el 36.40% será financiado con recursos propios y el 63.50 % será financiado por una entidad bancaria.
Para finalizar, consideramos que el proyecto es rentable y viable ya que el resultado del VAN es positivo en los diferentes escenarios.The service is focused on all people who have an accelerated pace of life and who do not have so much time, the idea originates in offering a service at home, comfortable, effective and that optimizes the time to the customer. The Car wash home project has a facility located at Jr. Tardío Temple # 447 Urb. Mangomarca in the San Juan de Lurigancho district, a strategic place since it is located within the target market. The service that will be provided is the washing of cars and / or trucks at home, the added value of the service is that we use ecological products. The service request process begins with the customer's order, which can be done through the APP, WhatsApp, Social networks. The source of income of the business will be the Car Wash Service, the project will provide two types of service, being Express Wash and Full Wash, both for cars and / or vans. The investment to be made will be S / 55,340.00 of which 40% will be financed with own resources and 60% will be financed by a banking entity. Finally, we consider that the project is profitable and viable since the result of the NPV is positive in the different scenarios.
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Naidoo-Kurup, Malanie. "Investigating a positioning strategy for a car wash business in Port Elizabeth : a case study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020148.
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The aim of this study was to determine an appropriate positioning strategy for a car wash business in Port Elizabeth to promote its competitive advantage in the market place. To meet this aim the customers' perceptions of the business were examined. It has been widely acknowledged by researchers and development agencies that Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) and entrepreneurs play a crucial role in the economic development of a nation. This is particularly significant for a developing nation such as South Africa to address its critical challenges of unemployment and poverty which impact on social stability. Research reveals that the failure rate of SMMEs in South Africa is an alarming 75 percent. In this context, the need to explore innovative strategies to support and sustain the SMME sector has become increasingly important. A detailed survey of relevant literature revealed that the attributes of a firm that relate to the quality of service, pricing, attitudes of staff, image of the firm etc. can be considered as important variables which customers use to differentiate a business from its competitors. It is suggested that the success of a firm largely depends on its ability to position itself in a competitive environment by focusing on attributes which customers value the most in relation to similar businesses. This case study was approached from a positivist paradigm and data from 61 customers of the car wash were collected. The quantitative data were statistically analysed to examine the attributes of the business which the respondents of the survey perceived as offering the most value to them when compared to other car washes in the area. These attributes were then used to develop a positioning map for the business. The results showed that the attribute of the business which was most valued by the respondents was the manual washing of vehicles. A positioning strategy for the car wash based on this finding is suggested.
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Eyzaguirre, Quezada José Marcelo. "Desarrollo de un plan de negocios para un Car Wash movil en Santiago de Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/144721.
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Magíster en Gestión y Dirección de EmpresasSegún el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas, a nivel nacional el parque vehicular ha crecido sobre el 7% anual durante los últimos 5 años, llegando a más de 4,5 millones de vehículos el 2014, de los que casi un 30% corresponden a la categoría de vehículos livianos existentes en la RM. Considerando estas cifras, es posible imaginar numerosos negocios asociados al cuidado y mantención de los vehículos particulares. El objetivo de la tesis, es desarrollar un plan de negocios para una CarWash o Lavado de Autos, que preste servicios móviles en la RM, especializándose en convenios con empresas, es decir, lograr acuerdos formales con empresas a fin de instalar puntos de atención en los estacionamientos de dichas empresas. Con esto, se aprovechará el tiempo que los trabajadores dejan sus vehículos estacionados, para lavárselos y entregarlos impecables al final del día, sin que hayan tenido que perder tiempo en ir a algún local de lavados o esperar a ser atendido para que le laven el vehículo. Dentro de la búsqueda de distintas alternativas de servicio, se encontró el sistema de lavado Dry CarWash , (lavado de autos sin agua). Aunque suene extraño, es posible gracias a polímeros y sustancias especiales, biodegradables, que repelen la suciedad, utilizando aproximadamente medio vaso de producto para lavar un vehículo, ahorrando de paso entre 150 a 400 litros de agua que se utilizan en el lavado tradicional. A través del la revisión de estudios internacionales de Asociaciones de CarWash (en EEUU y Centro América) y la realización de encuestas, es posible determinar el perfil, necesidades y hábitos de quienes requieren lavar sus vehículos. También se identifica la zona nororiente de Santiago, como el punto de partida para ofrecer el servicio y captar a los potenciales clientes. El plan de marketing se elabora con el foco de cumplir los objetivos del plan de negocios y dar sentido a la propuesta de valor, a fin lograr encantar a los potenciales clientes (empresas y sus trabajadores) con las bondades del servicio de CarWash. Por otro lado, se revisan los aspectos operacionales que permiten dar vida al negocio, desde la instalación de la oficina y aspectos administrativos, hasta protocolos de recepción y entrega de vehículos a los clientes. Respecto a al análisis financiero, resalta que más del 80% de los egresos corresponde a la cuenta de remuneraciones, lo que pone el acento las tareas de selección, capacitación y ambiente laboral, para evitar una alta rotación y llegar rápidamente a los niveles de productividad óptimos. En la evaluación económica, se considera una Inversión de 769 UF y un Capital de Trabajo de 335 UF, se obtienendo un Payback de 1,9 años, una TIR de 147% y un VAN de 2.562 UF con una Tasa de Descuento de 30% (dado el alto nivel de riesgo), mostrando con esto la viabilidad del Plan de Negocios. Finalmente, se recomienda implementar el Plan de Negocios y considerar los aspectos claves de éxito del plan, como un marketing de entrada potente, para promover la captación de nuevas cuentas, también la entrega de un servicio calidad y conveniente. Relacionado con esto último, es que se consideran alianzas con otros proveedores del rubro. Desde la perspectiva financiera, no es indispensable el asociarse con un inversionista que aporte capital, ya que el beneficio financiero de este préstamo no es significativo, no así si el inversionista aporta otros elementos como experiencia en negocios o Know How en el rubro del Car Wash.
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Monteza, Santacruz Anyela Lisbeth, and Medina Danny Kepler Pasapera. "Plan de negocios para la creación del servicio delivery car wash en la ciudad de Chiclayo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2014. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/932.
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Este plan de negocios tuvo como formulación del problema lo siguiente ¿Es viable la instalación del servicio Delivery Cas Wash en Chiclayo?; se realizó dicha investigación con el fin de brindar a nuestros posibles clientes la comodidad de obtener un servicio a delivery para la limpieza de sus vehículos, con el valor agregado en cuando ahorro de tiempo, seguridad y status; tuvo como justificación el incremento del parque automotor de la ciudad de Chiclayo que actualmente goza de un alto dinamismo en la adquisición de vehículos nuevos y que no existen empresas las cuales brindan un servicio similar, pues solo existe car wash tradicionales y los lavadores informales, que coplan gran parte del mercado. Así mismo tuvo como objetivo general determinar la viabilidad para la instalación del servicio Delivery Car Wash; como metodología se utilizó el enfoque mixto: cuantitativo por ser descriptiva y experimental, y cualitativo porque se otorga mucho énfasis en el proceso de investigación. El parea y línea de investigación fue de gestión y dirección comercial; los métodos usados fueron: encuesta y entrevista. Por último se llegó a la conclusión que el proyecto es rentable, por los indicadores como el VAN de S/ 158, 295.27, representada con una TIR de 68% y concluyendo que por cada nuevo sol invertido se obtiene dos nuevos soles con ochenta y cuatro céntimos.Tesis
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Barlow, James Vincent. "Accumulation, transport and potential treatment of surface sediment on car parks with channel drains." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2015. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/10599.
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Urban pollutants have been identified as a significant source of environmental pollution, posing a risk to human health, the environment, and are toxic to flora and fauna. Highways are recognised as one of the key sources of pollution, from both vehicles, and surrounding infrastructure. A number of studies have investigated accumulation of sediment and the associated pollutants on highways, and the runoff generated as a result of rainfall. Car parks share many potential contributory sources of pollutants with highways, but there is a lack of studies regarding car parks, despite them being identified as a significant percentage of urban land use. A series of experiments were undertaken in order to develop an understanding of the characteristics of car park sediment. The physical and chemical characteristics of sediment were analysed at different stages throughout the drainage system. Firstly on the sediment accumulated on car park surfaces, followed by that mobilised and transported into a channel drain during simulated rainfall events. Finally, potential treatment of pollutants within sediment in a channel was quantified. The physical and chemical characteristics of car park sediment was shown to be similar during both the accumulation (build-up) and wash-off stages, suggesting that the accumulated sediment is generally mobilised and transported to the channel drain (wash-off). Furthermore, both the physical and chemical characteristics of the sediment were shown to be similar to those found on highways, thorough the build-up and wash-off phases. Finally, potential treatment of organic pollutants (PAH) by biodegradation was demonstrated, but not comprehensively proved.
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Гаврило, В. Я., Інна Олександрівна Трунова, Инна Александровна Трунова, and Inna Oleksandrivna Trunova. "Навантаження на довкілля під час роботи автомийок." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40123.
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У сучасному житті, автомобіль вже давно не є розкішшю, скоріше це
річ першої необхідності. Як наслідок, кількість автомобілів збільшується з
кожним роком, а вимоги до технічного стану та зовнішнього вигляду
постійно посилюються. Транспортний засіб, що бере участь у русі, повинен
бути не тільки безпечним, але і чистим. Як підтримувати зовнішній вигляд
вашого автомобіля в належному стані? У вирішенні цієї проблеми допомагає
автомийка.
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Espino, Elio Roberto. "Trip generation study of gasoline stations with convenience market, quick service restaurant, and car wash in Miami-Dade county." FIU Digital Commons, 1999. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3243.
Full textAbstract:
The objectives of the thesis are twofold: (a) validation of trip generation rates for land use 846 (LU-846) published in ITE's Trip Generation Manual, and (b) the generation of trip generation models for a newly introduced land use, the gasoline station with convenience market, quick service restaurant and car wash. Data was collected at five sites representative of the new land use and the number of trips produced by the sites were compared with estimates made using the ITE rates for LU-846. The ITE rates were found to underestimate trip generation by 50% to 400%. Additionally, Multiple regression was performed using average daily trips and trips generated during the PM peak of the adjacent street as dependent variables and gross floor area of the convenience store and number of driveways as the independent variables. The models that resulted from the regression analysis are as follows: PMTRIPS = 82.75 + 0.0537GFA + 7.23DRW, R2 of 0.84, and DTRIPS = 2135.7 + 0.239GFA +381.4 DRW, R2 of 0.70.
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Thorbjörnsson, Ludvig. "Utnyttjande av spillvärme och minskade behov av köpt el i biltvättar : En undersökning av Berners miljötvättar i Östersund och Sundsvall." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84827.
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Berners är en stor aktör inom försäljning och service av bilar och transportfordon i Jämtland och Västernorrland. På sina anläggningar i Sundsvall och Östersund tillhandahåller Berners bland annat biltvättar och rekond och dessa verksamheter ger upphov till stora utsläpp av vatten och kemikalier. För att minska utsläppen har Berners installerat indunstarrening, som är en reningsteknik som bygger på att smutsigt tvättvatten förångas och farliga partiklar faller ur. Med den här tekniken elimineras nästan alla kemikalieutsläpp och ungefär 90 procent av tvättvattnet återanvänds. Indunstarrening kräver mycket energi i form av el som i dagsläget köps in. Reningstekniken ger även upphov till spillvärme i både luft och vatten som i dagsläget inte utnyttjas. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka potentiella förbättringsåtgärder för Berners biltvättar, för att göra de befintliga och eventuella framtida anläggningar bättre. Detta genom att undersöka möjligheterna av att utnyttja spillvärme och minska behovet av köpt el, genom egenproduktion av el med solceller. Målet är att genom detta ta fram underlag för Berners när de ska besluta om eventuella förändringar av de befintliga tvättarna samt vid byggnation av nya anläggningar. Underlaget ska bestå av resultat för minskade energibehov, minskade utsläpp, minskade behov av köpt el och livstidsbesparingar för förbättringsåtgärderna. I arbetet undersöktes tre olika förbättringsåtgärder. Installation av FTX-ventilation för att värma ingående luft till en angränsande lokal med utgående luft från det rum där indunstaren är placerad, installation av en plattvärmeväxlare för att värma vätskan i en radiatorkrets med utgående destillat från indunstaren samt installation av solceller för att minska behovet av köpt el till indunstaren. Monokristallina-, polykristallina- och tunnfilmssolceller samt olika storlekar av installerad area undersöktes. Minskade energibehov beräknades för FTX och VVX, minskade behov av köpt el beräknades för solceller och minskade utsläpp av koldioxidekvivalenter samt livstidsbesparingar beräknades för alla tre förbättringsåtgärderna. Resultaten visar på att en kombination av att installera FTX, VVX och polykristallina solceller genererar de största livstidsbesparingarna och de största utsläppsminskningarna. Installation av en plattvärmeväxlare för att ta vara på spillvärme i destillat är den enskilt bästa åtgärden för att minska energibehovet. Berners kan vid installation av en eller flera av de olika förbättringsåtgärderna minska energibehoven och utsläppen från biltvättarna, minska behovet av köpt el samtidigt som de kan spara pengar.Berners is a major player in the sale and service of cars and transport vehicles in Jämtland and Västernorrland. At its facilities in Sundsvall and Östersund, Berners provides, among other things, car washes and auto reconditioning and these operations give rise to large discharges of water and chemicals. To reduce emissions, Berners has installed evaporator treatment, which is a treatment technique based on the evaporation of dirty washing water and the fallout of dangerous particles. With this technology, almost all chemical emissions are eliminated and approximately 90 percent of the washing water is reused. Evaporator cleaning requires a lot of energy in the form of electricity that is currently purchased. The treatment technology also gives rise to waste heat in both air and water, which is currently not used. The purpose of the work is to investigate potential improvement measures for Berner's car washes, to make the existing and possible future facilities better. This is done by investigating the possibilities of utilizing waste heat and reducing the need for purchased electricity, through own production of electricity with solar cells. The goal is to thereby produce a basis for Berners when they are to decide on any changes to the existing washes and when building new facilities. The basis shall consist of results for reduced energy needs, reduced emissions, reduced need for purchased electricity and lifetime savings for the improvement measures. The work examined three different improvement measures. Installation of FTX- ventilation to heat the incoming air to an adjacent room with outgoing air from the room where the evaporator is located, installation of a plate heat exchanger to heat the liquid in a radiator circuit with outgoing distillate from the evaporator and installation of solar cells to reduce the need for bought electricity for the evaporator. Monocrystalline, polycrystalline and thin film solar cells as well as different sizes of installed area were investigated. Reduced energy needs were calculated for FTX and VVX, reduced needs for purchased electricity were calculated for solar cells and reduced emissions of carbon dioxide equivalents as well as lifetime savings were calculated for all three improvement measures. The results show that a combination of installing FTX, VVX and polycrystalline solar cells generates the largest lifetime savings, as well as the largest emission reductions. Installing a plate heat exchanger to take advantage of waste heat in distillates is the single best measure to reduce energy needs. When installing one or more of the various improvement measures, Berners can reduce the energy needs and emissions from the car washes and reduce the need for purchased electricity, while at the same time saving money.
Books on the topic "Car Wash"
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Susan, Steen, and Karas G. Brian ill, eds. Car wash. New York: G.P. Putnams's Sons, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Car Wash"
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Schultz, Michael. "Car Wash." In 100 Film Musicals, 36–37. London: British Film Institute, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84457-568-8_11.
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Gebran Neto, João Pedro. "Operation Car Wash – The new paradigm to fight corruption." In Bribery, Fraud, Cheating, 105–20. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29062-7_7.
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Li, Hesen, and Zixian Zheng. "Innovative Design of Self-service Car Wash Service System." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 189–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25128-4_25.
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Wills, Jamie, Shamima Moazzem, and Veeriah Jegatheesan. "Treating Car Wash Wastewater by Ceramic Ultrafiltration Membranes for Reuse Purposes." In Water Scarcity and Ways to Reduce the Impact, 63–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75199-3_4.
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Jardine, Akilah, Alexander Trautrims, and Alison Gardner. "Far from clean: Labour exploitation in the UK’s hand car wash sector." In Base of the Pyramid Markets in Affluent Countries, 144–68. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2021. |: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429423512-6-10.
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Bacria, Vasile, Nicolae Herisanu, and Cristina Chilibaru-Opritescu. "Protecting Residential Areas Against Noise Generated by Car Wash Units. A Case Study." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 127–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96787-1_15.
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Pflugbeil, Markus. "Was ist CAD?" In CAD Werkzeug des Architekten, 11–74. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-83149-1_1.
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Abott, Megan E. "“I Can Feel Her”." In The Street Was Mine, 21–64. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403970015_2.
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Habicht, Gerhard. "Was uns vom Helfen abhält." In Care Sharing, 123–52. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-17845-1_6.
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Husebø, Stein, and Gebhard Mathis. "Was ist Palliativmedizin? Was ist Palliative Care?" In Palliativmedizin, 1–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49039-6_1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Car Wash"
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Chung, Hyunhee, and Kyung Ho Park. "Did you Wash the Car?: Robust Car Wash Inspection System in a Large-scale Car Sharing Platform." In 2022 IEEE 25th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc55140.2022.9921936.
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Janardanan, Aatmaj, C. Ajil Paul, P. Anju, V. Eldiva Thomas, and Denitta Davis. "Android Application for Car Wash Services." In 2018 International Conference on Emerging Trends and Innovations In Engineering And Technological Research (ICETIETR). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetietr.2018.8529025.
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Trull-Dominguez, Oscar, Angel Peiró-Signes, and César Gómez-Palacios. "GRAFCET LEARNING USING CBL: CAR WASH AUTOMATION." In 14th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2021.1250.
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Istirokhatun, Titik, Puti Destianti, Adenira Hargianintya, Wiharyanto Oktiawan, and Heru Susanto. "Treatment of car wash wastewater by UF membranes." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHEMICAL AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING (ICCME) 2015: Green Technology for Sustainable Chemical Products and Processes. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4938379.
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Тойгамбаев, Серик Кокибаевич, and Арман Тургынович Абенов. "THE DEVICE AND OPERATION OF A BRUSH CAR WASH." In Высокие технологии и инновации в науке: сборник избранных статей Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Май 2022). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/vt197.2022.62.70.016.
Full textAbstract:
В статье представлены схема моечной щеточной установки. В данной моечной установке рисунки 1 и 2 обеспечивается более тщательная обработка обычно наиболее загрязненных задних поверхностей автомобиля за счет того, что щетки задерживаются при обмыве задних поверхностей и преследуют уходящий с установки автомобиль. The article presents a scheme of a washing brush installation. In this washing unit, Figures 1 and 2, a more thorough cleaning of the usually most polluted rear surfaces of the car is provided due to the fact that the brushes are delayed when washing the rear surfaces and chase the car leaving the installation.
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Jiuru, Zhao. "Comparative Study on the Service Pricing Strategy of Car Wash Industry." In 2019 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2019.8833180.
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Kafiev, I., P. Romanov, and I. Romanova. "Control System of Portal Car Wash based on the Mamdani Fuzzy Algorithm." In 2020 International Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fareastcon50210.2020.9271487.
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Ximenes, Pablo, and Patricia Mello. "Applying the Diamond Model of Intrusion Analysis: Brazil’s Operation “Car Wash” Cyberattack." In 2022 International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isncc55209.2022.9851739.
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Saracin, Cristina Gabriela, and Andrei Ionita. "Educational Platform for Simulating the Operation of an Automatic Car Wash Machine." In 2020 International Symposium on Fundamentals of Electrical Engineering (ISFEE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isfee51261.2020.9756172.
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Tan, Xuejun, and Li Tang. "Application of Enhanced Coagulation Aided by UF Membrane for Car Wash Wastewater Treatment." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.415.
Full textReports on the topic "Car Wash"
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Prussin, S., D. Slaughter, J. Pruet, M. Descalle, A. Bernstein, J. Hall, M. Accatino, et al. Nuclear car wash status report, August 2005. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/877756.
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Luu, T., P. Biltoft, J. Church, M. Descalle, J. Hall, D. Manatt, J. Mauger, et al. Description of ALARMA: the alarm algorithm developed for the Nuclear Car Wash. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/900435.
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Church, J., D. Slaughter, S. Asztalos, P. Biltoft, M. Descalle, J. Hall, D. Manatt, et al. Nuclear Car Wash sensitivity in varying thicknesses of wood and steel cargo. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/898430.
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Church, J., D. Slaughter, E. Norman, S. Asztalos, and P. Biltoft. Experimental study of variations in background radiation and the effect on Nuclear Car Wash sensitivity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/902608.
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Daudelin, Francois, Lina Taing, Lucy Chen, Claudia Abreu Lopes, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, and Hamid Mehmood. Mapping WASH-related disease risk: A review of risk concepts and methods. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/uxuo4751.
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The report provides a review of how risk is conceived of, modelled, and mapped in studies of infectious water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related diseases. It focuses on spatial epidemiology of cholera, malaria and dengue to offer recommendations for the field of WASH-related disease risk mapping. The report notes a lack of consensus on the definition of disease risk in the literature, which limits the interpretability of the resulting analyses and could affect the quality of the design and direction of public health interventions. In addition, existing risk frameworks that consider disease incidence separately from community vulnerability have conceptual overlap in their components and conflate the probability and severity of disease risk into a single component. The report identifies four methods used to develop risk maps, i) observational, ii) index-based, iii) associative modelling and iv) mechanistic modelling. Observational methods are limited by a lack of historical data sets and their assumption that historical outcomes are representative of current and future risks. The more general index-based methods offer a highly flexible approach based on observed and modelled risks and can be used for partially qualitative or difficult-to-measure indicators, such as socioeconomic vulnerability. For multidimensional risk measures, indices representing different dimensions can be aggregated to form a composite index or be considered jointly without aggregation. The latter approach can distinguish between different types of disease risk such as outbreaks of high frequency/low intensity and low frequency/high intensity. Associative models, including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), are commonly used to measure current risk, future risk (short-term for early warning systems) or risk in areas with low data availability, but concerns about bias, privacy, trust, and accountability in algorithms can limit their application. In addition, they typically do not account for gender and demographic variables that allow risk analyses for different vulnerable groups. As an alternative, mechanistic models can be used for similar purposes as well as to create spatial measures of disease transmission efficiency or to model risk outcomes from hypothetical scenarios. Mechanistic models, however, are limited by their inability to capture locally specific transmission dynamics. The report recommends that future WASH-related disease risk mapping research: - Conceptualise risk as a function of the probability and severity of a disease risk event. Probability and severity can be disaggregated into sub-components. For outbreak-prone diseases, probability can be represented by a likelihood component while severity can be disaggregated into transmission and sensitivity sub-components, where sensitivity represents factors affecting health and socioeconomic outcomes of infection. -Employ jointly considered unaggregated indices to map multidimensional risk. Individual indices representing multiple dimensions of risk should be developed using a range of methods to take advantage of their relative strengths. -Develop and apply collaborative approaches with public health officials, development organizations and relevant stakeholders to identify appropriate interventions and priority levels for different types of risk, while ensuring the needs and values of users are met in an ethical and socially responsible manner. -Enhance identification of vulnerable populations by further disaggregating risk estimates and accounting for demographic and behavioural variables and using novel data sources such as big data and citizen science. This review is the first to focus solely on WASH-related disease risk mapping and modelling. The recommendations can be used as a guide for developing spatial epidemiology models in tandem with public health officials and to help detect and develop tailored responses to WASH-related disease outbreaks that meet the needs of vulnerable populations. The report’s main target audience is modellers, public health authorities and partners responsible for co-designing and implementing multi-sectoral health interventions, with a particular emphasis on facilitating the integration of health and WASH services delivery contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).
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Kelln, Jocelyn, Line Richter, and Christine Fostvedt-Mills. Inclusive Participatory Research Through PhotoVoice: A Study on WASH and Nutrition in Afar, Ethiopia. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2022.011.
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Designing effective interventions requires the inclusion and buy-in of beneficiary communities; however, because of constraints and context, fully participatory research can be challenging. The Afar people of northern Ethiopia live in what can be considered the very definition of 'challenging contexts'. Largely nomadic pastoralists, they navigate a harsh and unforgiving landscape, often having to travel great distances for water. In 2020, FMC undertook a qualitative research study investigating the attitudes and practices of target communities in Afar relating to nutrition and WASH. Using PhotoVoice and community action planning methods, the project sought to ensure that all community members, particularly those most marginalised (women, those with low literacy and little formal schooling), were heard and felt like they had a stake in the research process. This SLH Learning Paper shares the most important findings, discusses the advantages and the challenges of using these methods, and speaks to the potential for their application in other challenging contexts.
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Selvaraju, Ragul, Hari Shankar, and Hariharan Sankarasubramanian. Metamodel Generation for Frontal Crash Scenario of a Passenger Car. SAE International, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-28-0504.
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A frontal impact scenario was simulated using a Finite Element Model of a Hybrid III 50th percentile male (LSTC, Livermore CA) along with seatbelt, steering system and driver airbags. The boundary conditions included acceleration pulse to the seat and the outputs including injury measures in terms of Head Injury Criterion (HIC), Normalized Neck Injury Criterion (NIJ) and Chest Severity Index (CSI) were extracted from the simulations. The kinematics of the Hybrid III were validated against the kinematics of post mortem human surrogates (PMHS) available in the literature. Using the validated setup, metamodels were generated by creating a design of varying different parameters and recording the responses for each design. First, the X and Z translation of dummy along the seat is provided as input for which there was no variation in the head injury criterion (HIC). Next, the input pulse to the seat is parameterized along with the seatbelt loading and the results are obtained respectively. The outputs, in terms of injury measures, are generated in the form of metamodels as a function of the parameters. The occupant model used for the frontal crash scenario in LS-Dyna is validated against the previously available crash experimental data. A total of 100 design points was generated with a varying combination of parameters. An increase in various injury measures was observed with an increase in the scale factor of the acceleration pulse. Also, it was found that chest severity index increased with an increase in the scale factor of the seat belt loading force.
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Selvaraju, Ragul, Hari Shankar, and Hariharan Sankarasubramanian. Metamodel Generation for Frontal Crash Scenario of a Passenger Car. SAE International, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2020-28-0504.
Full textAbstract:
A frontal impact scenario was simulated using a Finite Element Model of a Hybrid III 50th percentile male (LSTC, Livermore CA) along with seatbelt, steering system and driver airbags. The boundary conditions included acceleration pulse to the seat and the outputs including injury measures in terms of Head Injury Criterion (HIC), Normalized Neck Injury Criterion (NIJ) and Chest Severity Index (CSI) were extracted from the simulations. The kinematics of the Hybrid III were validated against the kinematics of post mortem human surrogates (PMHS) available in the literature. Using the validated setup, metamodels were generated by creating a design of varying different parameters and recording the responses for each design. First, the X and Z translation of dummy along the seat is provided as input for which there was no variation in the head injury criterion (HIC). Next, the input pulse to the seat is parameterized along with the seatbelt loading and the results are obtained respectively. The outputs, in terms of injury measures, are generated in the form of metamodels as a function of the parameters. The occupant model used for the frontal crash scenario in LS-Dyna is validated against the previously available crash experimental data. A total of 100 design points was generated with a varying combination of parameters. An increase in various injury measures was observed with an increase in the scale factor of the acceleration pulse. Also, it was found that chest severity index increased with an increase in the scale factor of the seat belt loading force.
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Weissinger, Rebecca, and Dana Witwicki. Riparian monitoring of wadeable streams at Courthouse Wash, Arches National Park: Summary report, 2010–2019. Edited by Alice Wondrak Biel. National Park Service, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287907.
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The goal of Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) riparian monitoring is to determine long-term trends in hydrologic, geomorphic, and vegetative properties of wadeable streams in the context of changes in other ecological drivers, stressors, and processes. This information is intended to provide early warning of resource degradation and determine natural variability of wadeable streams. This report summarizes NCPN monitoring of Courthouse Wash in Arches National Park (NP) from 2010 to 2019. The focus of this report is to (1) present geomorphology and vegetation data from five reaches monitored in Courthouse Wash from 2010 to 2015, and (2) examine patterns in water availability at one monitoring reach from November 2010 to December 2019. Vegetation sampling and geomorphology surveys were suspended in 2016 due to budget cuts; this report presents baseline data for future comparisons. The NCPN has five monitoring reaches located between the inflow of Sevenmile Canyon, a major tributary, and the terminus of Courthouse Wash, at the Colorado River. Two reaches (2, 5) are located in Upper Courthouse Wash, and three (1, 4, 7) in Lower Courthouse Wash. Hydrologic monitoring wells are installed only at Reach 1. During our monitoring period, which included drought years in 2012 and 2018 and a wetter-than-average period from fall 2013 to 2014, groundwater levels showed steep declines corresponding to the start of the growing season each year. Hot, dry summers and falls in 2012, 2018, and 2019 showed the deepest troughs in groundwater levels. Active monsoon years helped elevate summer and fall groundwater levels in 2013 and 2014. Continued monitoring will help us better understand the relationship of climate and water availability at this reach. A geomorphic survey was completed once for reaches 2, 4, and 7, and twice for reaches 5 and 1. Powerful floods during our monitoring period resulted in aggradation of the channel in reaches 5 and 1, which were first surveyed in March 2013. Flooding in September 2013 resulted in an average of 0.24 meters of deposition found in the channel thalweg at Reach 1 in March 2014. Storm events in May 2014 caused additional aggradation. In March 2015, an average of 0.41 meters of deposition was recorded in the channel thalweg at Reach 5, with 0.32 meters of deposition between the vegetation transect headpins compared to the 2013 data. The riparian vegetation recorded at our monitoring reaches is consistent with an open-canopy Fremont cottonwood woodland with a diverse understory. Canopy closure ranged from 29% to 52%. Measurements were sensitive enough to detect a 10% reduction in canopy closure at Reach 5 during a pest infestation in June 2013. Canopy closure subsequently rebounded at the reach by 2015. Total obligate and facultative wetland cover ranged from 7% to 26%. Fremont cottonwood seedlings, saplings, and overstory trees were present at all reaches, indicating good potential for future regeneration of the canopy structure. These data can serve as a baseline for comparison with future monitoring efforts. One area of management concern is that exotic-plant frequency and cover were relatively high in all monitoring reaches. Exotic cover ranged from 2% to 30%. High exotic cover was related to years with high cover of annual brome grasses. High cover of exotic grasses is associated with increased wildfire risk in southwestern riparian systems, which are not well-adapted to fire. Managers should be prepared for this increased risk following wet winters that promote annual brome grass cover. Beaver activity was noted throughout bedrock-constrained reaches in Courthouse Wash. Beaver activity can reduce adjacent woody riparian vegetation cover, but it also contributes to maintaining a higher water table and persistent surface water. Climate change is likely to be an increasingly significant stressor in Courthouse Wash, as hotter, drier conditions decrease water levels and increase drought stress...
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Rost, Lucia, Amber Parkes, and Andrea Azevedo. Measuring and Understanding Unpaid Care and Domestic Work: Household Care Survey Toolkit. Oxfam, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6775.
Full textAbstract:
This toolkit provides guidance on using Oxfam’s Household Care Survey (HCS) methodology, which was developed by Oxfam as part of the WE-Care initiative to transform the provision of unpaid care and domestic work (UCDW). UCDW underpins all our lives yet is overwhelmingly provided by women and girls. Recognising UCDW is essential for any initiative that aims to understand and address gender inequality. The HCS is a quantitative survey tool that generates context-specific evidence on how women, men and children spend their time, how care is provided, by whom, and the main factors that affect people’s responsibilities for UCDW, such as access to care services, infrastructure and social norms. The HCS can be used to generate a baseline, or to measure the impact of a specific policy or programme. The methodology can be integrated into different projects with different objectives and adjusted for use in various contexts. The HCS toolkit is designed to be used by development practitioners, policy makers, employers, academics and researchers. Part A provides guidance for planning, collecting, analysing and using HCS data. Part B provides guidance for understanding, adjusting and using the HCS questions. Both sections should be read before undertaking the survey.