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Journal articles on the topic 'Carbazole Alkaloids'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Chakraborty, M. "Mumunine - A New Carbazole Alkaloid from Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng." Journal of Scientific Research 12, no. 4 (September 1, 2020): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v12i4.45499.

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The plant Murraya koenigii, commonly known as curry leaf tree is a rich source of carbazole alkaloids. A number of monomeric as well as dimeric carbazoles with C13, C18 and C23 skeleton have been isolated from the plant. In my present work, a new carbazole alkaloid, designated as mumunine, was isolated from the bark of Murraya koenigii (Linn) Spreng, along with a known carbazole alkaloid, viz. mahanimbine. The structure of the new alkaloid 1 was elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectral data analysis. In this paper, the isolation and structure elucidation of the new compound will be discussed in detail.

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2

Kumar, V., J. Reisch, and A. Wickramasinghe. "Glycomaurin and Glycomaurrol, New Carbazole Alkaloids From Glycosmis mauritiana (Rutaceae) Bark." Australian Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 8 (1989): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9891375.

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The stem bark of Glycosmis mauritiana contained the acridone alkaloids noracronycine and des-N- methylacronycine, and two new carbazole alkaloids, 3,3,10-trimethyl-3,7-dihydropyrano[2,3-c] carbazole (glycomaurin) and 6-methyl-4-(3′-methylbut-2′-enyl)carbazol-3-ol (glycomaurrol), whose structures were confirmed by synthesis and by cyclization to dihydroglycomaurin respectively. Glycomaurin has a ring system which has not been previously found in nature.

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3

Yang, Jing-Hua, Xin-Yi Wang, Yi-Ping Zhou, Rong Lu, Chin-Ho Chen, Meng-Han Zhang, Yung-Yi Cheng, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, and Yun-Song Wang. "Carbazole Alkaloids from Clausena anisum-olens: Isolation, Characterization, and Anti-HIV Evaluation." Molecules 25, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010099.

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Two new carbazole alkaloids (1,2) and six known carbazole alkaloids (3–8) were isolated from Clausena anisum-olens. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis. All isolated compounds (1–8) were evaluated for their anti-HIV effects on virus replication in MT-4 lymphocytes infected by HIV-1NL4-3 Nanoluc-sec virus, and new carbazole alkaloid 1 exhibited anti-HIV activity with an EC50 value of 2.4 μg/mL and SI of 7.1.

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4

Kobayashi, Masaya, and Tomohisa Kuzuyama. "Recent Advances in the Biosynthesis of Carbazoles Produced by Actinomycetes." Biomolecules 10, no. 8 (August 5, 2020): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10081147.

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Structurally diverse carbazole alkaloids are valuable due to their pharmaceutical properties and have been isolated from nature. Experimental knowledge on carbazole biosynthesis is limited. The latest development of in silico analysis of the biosynthetic gene clusters for bacterial carbazoles has allowed studies on the biosynthesis of a carbazole skeleton, which was established by sequential enzyme-coupling reactions associated with an unprecedented carbazole synthase, a thiamine-dependent enzyme, and a ketosynthase-like enzyme. This review describes the carbazole biosynthetic mechanism, which includes a key step in enzymatic formation of a tricyclic carbazole skeleton, followed by modifications such as prenylation and hydroxylation in the skeleton.

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5

Ma, Xiaoli, Hongwei Chen, Sisi Zhu, Pengfei Tu, and Yong Jiang. "Trimeric and Dimeric Carbazole Alkaloids from Murraya microphylla." Molecules 26, no. 18 (September 20, 2021): 5689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26185689.

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Seventeen new carbazole alkaloid derivatives, including a trimeric carbazole racemate, (±)-microphyltrine A (1), 15 dimeric carbazole racemates, (±)-microphyldines A–O (2–16), and a C-6–C-3″-methyl-linked dimeric carbazole, microphyldine P (17), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Murraya microphylla (Merr. et Chun) Swingle. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of HRESIMS and NMR data analysis. The optically pure isomers of these isolated carbazole alkaloids were obtained by chiral HPLC separation and their absolute configurations were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data analysis.

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6

Mandal, Suvra, Anupam Nayak, Samir K. Banerjee, Julie Banerji, and Avijit Banerji. "A New Carbazole Alkaloid from Murraya koenigii Spreng (Rutaceae)." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 10 (October 2008): 1934578X0800301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800301019.

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A new carbazole alkaloid (kurryam) oxygenated at the 4-position, hitherto unknown among carbazole alkaloids, has been isolated from the seeds of an Indian medicinal plant, Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae). The structure has been established as 4-hydroxy-(2′,2′,3)-trimethyl-(6,7)-dimethoxy pyranocarbazole from extensive 2D NMR spectral studies. In addition, two known carbazole alkaloids, (2′,2′,3)-trimethyl 6-methoxy pyranocarbazole and (2′,2′,3)-trimethyl 6-hydroxy pyranocarbazole were isolated from the seeds of the same plant, of which (2′,2′,3)-trimethyl 6-methoxy pyranocarbazole exhibited significant antidiarrhoeal activity, as also did the new compound.

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7

Chakraborty, Mumu, Sudipta Saha, and Sibabrata Mukhapadhyay. "Murrayakoeninol- A New Carbazole Alkaloid from Murraya Koenigii (Linn) Spreng." Natural Product Communications 4, no. 3 (March 2009): 1934578X0900400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0900400309.

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A new carbazole alkaloid, designated as murrayakoeninol, was isolated from the leaves of Murraya koenigii (Linn) Spreng, along with four known carbazole alkaloids, viz. mahanimbine, koenimbine, O-methylmurrayamine-A and murrayazolinine and one from the bark viz. girinimbine. The structure of the new alkaloid 1 was elucidated on the basis of 2D NMR spectral analysis and chemical reactions.

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8

Chakraborty, M. "Identification of Naturally Occurring Carbazole Alkaloids Isolated from <i>Murraya koenigii</i> and <i>Glycosmis pentaphylla</i> by the Preparation of HPLC Fingerprint." Journal of Scientific Research 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v14i1.53526.

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The plants Murraya koenigii and Glycosmis pentaphylla are rich sources of different carbazole alkaloids. A number of monomeric carbazole alkaloids with C13, C18, and C23 carbon frames and a good number of dimeric carbazole alkaloids were isolated from these two plants. Scientists are still working on these two plants in search of more and more novel compounds. Many of these alkaloids have potential biological activities. Scientists have determined the structures of these compounds by detailed analysis of spectral data like UV, IR, Mass,1H NMR, and 13C NMR (1D and 2D). These procedures require expertise in spectral data analysis and huge time, and also these instruments are very costly. In this paper, I report the preparation of the HPLC fingerprint of some known carbazole alkaloids. These HPLC data will be helpful in quick and unambiguous identification of the natural products.

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9

Moody, Christopher J. "Synthesis of Carbazole Alkaloids." Synlett 1994, no. 09 (1994): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1994-22975.

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10

Bergman, J., and B. Pelcman. "Synthesis of carbazole alkaloids." Pure and Applied Chemistry 62, no. 10 (January 1, 1990): 1967–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199062101967.

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11

Long, Solida, Joana B. Loureiro, Carla Carvalho, Luís Gales, Lucília Saraiva, Madalena M. M. Pinto, Ploenthip Puthongking, and Emília Sousa. "Semi-Synthesis of Small Molecules of Aminocarbazoles: Tumor Growth Inhibition and Potential Impact on p53." Molecules 26, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061637.

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The tumor suppressor p53 is inactivated by mutation in approximately 50% of human cancers. Small molecules that bind and stabilize those mutants may represent effective anticancer drugs. Herein, we report the tumor cell growth inhibitory activity of carbazole alkaloids and amino derivatives, as well as their potential activation of p53. Twelve aminocarbazole alkaloids were semi-synthesized from heptaphylline (1), 7-methoxy heptaphylline (2), and 7-methoxymukonal (3), isolated from Clausena harmandiana, using a reductive amination protocol. Naturally-occurring carbazoles 1–3 and their amino derivatives were evaluated for their potential effect on wild-type and mutant p53 activity using a yeast screening assay and on human tumor cell lines. Naturally-occurring carbazoles 1–3 showed the most potent growth inhibitory effects on wild-type p53-expressing cells, being heptaphylline (1) the most promising in all the investigated cell lines. However, compound 1 also showed growth inhibition against non-tumor cells. Conversely, semi-synthetic aminocarbazole 1d showed an interesting growth inhibitory activity in tumor cells expressing both wild-type and mutant p53, exhibiting low growth inhibition on non-tumor cells. The yeast assay showed a potential reactivation of mutant p53 by heptaphylline derivatives, including compound 1d. The results obtained indicate that carbazole alkaloids may represent a promising starting point to search for new mutp53-reactivating agents with promising applications in cancer therapy.

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12

Tan, Mario A., Niti Sharma, and Seong Soo A. An. "Phyto-Carbazole Alkaloids from the Rutaceae Family as Potential Protective Agents against Neurodegenerative Diseases." Antioxidants 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11030493.

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Plant-derived (phyto) carbazole alkaloids are an important class of compounds, presented in the family of Rutaceae (Genera Murraya, Clausena, Glycosmis, Micromelum and Zanthoxylum). Due to several significant biological activities, such as antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-HIV and neuroprotective activities of the parent skeleton (3-methylcarbazole), carbazole alkaloids are recognized as an important class of potential therapeutic agents. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) may exhibit a vast range of conditions, affecting neurons primarily and leading ultimately to the progressive losses of normal motor and cognitive functions. The main pathophysiological indicators of NDs comprise increasing atypical protein folding, oxidative stresses, mitochondrial dysfunctions, deranged neurotransmissions and neuronal losses. Phyto-carbazole alkaloids can be investigated for exerting multitarget approaches to ameliorating NDs. This review presents a comprehensive evaluation of the available scientific literature on the neuroprotective mechanisms of phyto-carbazole alkaloids from the Rutaceae family in ameliorating NDs.

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13

Caruso, Anna, Alexia Barbarossa, Alessia Carocci, Giovanni Salzano, Maria Stefania Sinicropi, and Carmela Saturnino. "Carbazole Derivatives as STAT Inhibitors: An Overview." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (July 3, 2021): 6192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11136192.

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The carbazole class is made up of heterocyclically structured compounds first isolated from coal tar. Their structural motif is preponderant in different synthetic materials and naturally occurring alkaloids extracted from the taxonomically related higher plants of the genus Murraya, Glycosmis, and Clausena from the Rutaceae family. Concerning the biological activity of these compounds, many research groups have assessed their antiproliferative action of carbazoles on different types of tumoral cells, such as breast, cervical, ovarian, hepatic, oral cavity, and small-cell lung cancer, and underlined their potential effects against psoriasis. One of the principal mechanisms likely involved in these effects is the ability of carbazoles to target the JAK/STATs pathway, considered essential for cell differentiation, proliferation, development, apoptosis, and inflammation. In this review, we report the studies carried out, over the years, useful to synthesize compounds with carbazole moiety designed to target these kinds of kinases.

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14

Song, Chuanjun, Junbiao Chang, Feixiang Ji, He Huang, Mengyang Li, and Yanqin Guo. "Divergent Syntheses of Carbazole Alkaloids." Synthesis 50, no. 19 (July 5, 2018): 3921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610185.

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15

Lin, Kai, Yong Jian, Peng Zhao, Chun-shen Zhao, Wei-dong Pan, and Sheng Liu. "A rapid construction of a specific quino[4,3-b] carbazolone system and its application for the synthesis of calothrixin B." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 5, no. 4 (2018): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7qo00864c.

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16

Kirsch, Gilbert. "Heterocyclic Analogues of Carbazole Alkaloids." Current Organic Chemistry 5, no. 5 (May 1, 2001): 507–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272013375409.

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17

Ramsewak, Russel S., Muraleedharan G. Nair, Gale M. Strasburg, David L. DeWitt, and John L. Nitiss. "Biologically Active Carbazole Alkaloids fromMurrayakoenigii." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 47, no. 2 (February 1999): 444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf9805808.

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18

Chakrabarty, Manas, Amar C. Nath, Shampa Khasnobis, Manju Chakrabarty, Yaeko Konda, Yoshihiro Harigaya, and Kanki Komiyama. "Carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii." Phytochemistry 46, no. 4 (October 1997): 751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(97)00345-2.

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19

Bhatthula, Bharath kumar goud, Janardhan reddy Kanchani, Veera reddy Arava, and M. C. S. Subha. "Total synthesis of carbazole alkaloids." Tetrahedron 75, no. 7 (February 2019): 874–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2019.01.003.

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20

Bhattacharyya, P., A. K. Maiti, K. Basu, and B. K. Chowdhury. "Carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii." Phytochemistry 35, no. 4 (March 1994): 1085–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)90680-0.

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21

Wang, Yun-Song, Hong-Ping He, Yue-Mao Shen, Xin Hong, and Xiao-Jiang Hao. "Two New Carbazole Alkaloids fromMurrayakoenigii." Journal of Natural Products 66, no. 3 (March 2003): 416–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np020468a.

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22

Wen-Shyong, Li, James D. McChesney, and Farouk S. El-Feraly. "Carbazole alkaloids from Clausena lansium." Phytochemistry 30, no. 1 (January 1991): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)84151-h.

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23

Chakraborty, A., B. K. Chowdhury, S. S. Jash, G. K. Biswas, S. K. Bhattacharyya, and P. Bhattacharyya. "Carbazole alkaloids from Glycosmis pentaphylla." Phytochemistry 31, no. 7 (July 1992): 2503–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83310-u.

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24

Thomas, Claudia, Olga Kataeva, Arndt W. Schmidt, and Hans-Joachim Knölker. "Regioselective prenylation of bromocarbazoles by palladium(0)-catalysed cross coupling – synthesis of O-methylsiamenol, O-methylmicromeline and carquinostatin A." Org. Biomol. Chem. 12, no. 6 (2014): 872–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ob42297f.

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We describe the regioselective prenylation of 3-bromo-carbazole by Pd(0)-catalysed cross coupling with a prenylstannane or a prenylboronate. The procedure is applied to the synthesis of bioactive carbazole alkaloids.

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25

Yokoyama, Hajime, Yuzen Shoji, Takayoshi Kubo, Masahiro Miyazawa, and Yoshiro Hirai. "The Synthetic Studies of Carbazole Alkaloids." HETEROCYCLES 91, no. 9 (2015): 1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-15-13286.

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26

Uvarani, Chokkalingam, Mathan Sankaran, Nanjundan Jaivel, Kumarasamy Chandraprakash, Athar Ata, and Palathurai S. Mohan. "Bioactive Dimeric Carbazole Alkaloids fromMurraya koenigii." Journal of Natural Products 76, no. 6 (May 21, 2013): 993–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np300464t.

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27

ITO, CHIHIRO, TIAN-SHUNG WU, and HIROSHI FURUKAWA. "New carbazole alkaloids from Murraya euchrestifolia." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 36, no. 7 (1988): 2377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.36.2377.

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28

Reisch, Johannes, Adeleke C. Adebajo, Vijaya Kumar, and Adetunji J. Aladesanmi. "Two carbazole alkaloids from Murraya koenigii." Phytochemistry 36, no. 4 (July 1994): 1073–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)90494-1.

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29

Markad, Shivaji B., and Narshinha P. Argade. "Collective Synthesis of Basic Carbazole Alkaloids." Asian Journal of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry 3, no. 3 (2018): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajomc.2018.ajomc-p99.

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30

ITO, Chiriro, Mayumi NAKAGAWA, Tian-Shung WU, and Hiroshi FURUKAWA. "New Carbazole Alkaloids from Murraya euchrestifolia." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 39, no. 7 (1991): 1668–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.39.1668.

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31

ITO, Chihiro, Mayumi NAKAGAWA, Tian-Sheng WU, and Hiroshi FURUKAWA. "New Carbazole Alkaloids from Murraya euchrestifolia." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 39, no. 10 (1991): 2525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.39.2525.

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32

ITO, Chihiro, Norio OKAHANA, Tian-Shung WU, Meei-Ling WANG, Jeng-Shiow LAI, Chang-Sheng KUOH, and Hiroshi FURUKAWA. "New Carbazole Alkaloids from Murraya euchrestifolia." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 40, no. 1 (1992): 230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.40.230.

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33

Tian-Shung, Wu, Wang Meei-Ling, Lai Jeng-Shiow, Chihiro Ito, and Hiroshi Furukawa. "Binary carbazole alkaloids from Murraya euchrestifolia." Phytochemistry 30, no. 3 (January 1991): 1052–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85314-p.

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34

MOODY, C. J. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Carbazole Alkaloids." ChemInform 26, no. 14 (August 18, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199514334.

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35

CHAKRABORTY, D. P., and S. ROY. "ChemInform Abstract: Carbazole Alkaloids. Part 3." ChemInform 22, no. 52 (August 22, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199152348.

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36

BERGMAN, J., and B. PELCMAN. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Carbazole Alkaloids." ChemInform 22, no. 5 (August 23, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199105354.

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37

Joshi, Trapti, Rohit Mahar, Sumit K. Singh, Piush Srivastava, Sanjeev K. Shukla, Dipak K. Mishra, R. S. Bhatta, and Sanjeev Kanojiya. "Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Carbazole Alkaloids in Murraya koenigii." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 2 (February 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000220.

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Carbazole alkaloids induce apoptosis in HL-60 cells through activation of the caspase-9/caspase-3 pathway and they are targeted as potential anticancer agents. Thus, the naturally occurring carbazole alkaloids become important as precursors for lead optimization in drug development. A method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode-array detection was developed using reverse phase isocratic elution with 85:15 acetonitrile and ammonium acetate buffer (5 mM). Seven samples of Murrya koenigii (L.) Spreng. from north-central India ( Uttar Pradesh) were analyzed. All three targeted analytes, koenimbidine (mk1), koenimbine (mk2) and mahanimbine (mk3), were well separated within 4.0 min with linearity of the calibration curves (r2 > 0.999). The limits of detection and quantification of mk1, mk2 and mk3 were 0.7, 0.4, 0.04 μg/mL and 2.14, 1.21, 0.12 μg/mL, respectively. The natural abundance of mk1, mk2 and mk3 was 0.06 - 0.20, 0.04 - 0.69 and 0.13 - 0.42%, w/w, respectively, in the dried powdered leaves, whereas, the tissue specific distribution of carbazole alkaloids was observed in the order of predominance, mk1 leaf>root>fruit>stem, mk2 fruit>leaf >stem>root, and mk3 fruit>leaf>root>stem. The developed method was validated for limits of detection and quantification, repeatability, accuracy, precision and stability. This is the first report on the natural abundance of the major carbazole alkaloids in M. koenigii and the method developed can be used in HPLC/UPLC systems.

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38

Hieda, Yuhzo, Makoto Anraku, Tominari Choshi, Hisao Tomida, Haruto Fujioka, Noriyuki Hatae, Osamu Hori, Junzo Hirose, and Satoshi Hibino. "Antioxidant effects of the highly-substituted carbazole alkaloids and their related carbazoles." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 24, no. 15 (August 2014): 3530–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.05.050.

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39

Alanazi, Jowaher, Aziz Unnisa, Muteb Alanazi, Tareq Nafea Alharby, Afrasim Moin, Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi, Talib Hussain, et al. "3-Methoxy Carbazole Impedes the Growth of Human Breast Cancer Cells by Suppressing NF-κB Signaling Pathway." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 11 (November 14, 2022): 1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15111410.

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Breast cancer represents the most frequently occurring cancer globally among women. As per the recent report of the World Health Organization (WHO), it was documented that by the end of the year 2020, approximately 7.8 million females were positively diagnosed with breast cancer and in 2020 alone, 685,000 casualties were documented due to breast cancer. The use of standard chemotherapeutics includes the frontline treatment option for patients; however, the concomitant side effects represent a major obstacle for their usage. Carbazole alkaloids are one such group of naturally-occurring bioactive compounds belonging to the Rutaceae family. Among the various carbazole alkaloids, 3-Methoxy carbazole or C13H11NO (MHC) is obtained from Clausena heptaphylla as well as from Clausena indica. In this study, MHC was investigated for its anti-breast cancer activity based on molecular interactions with specific proteins related to breast cancer, where the MHC had predicted binding affinities for NF-κB with −8.3 kcal/mol. Furthermore, to evaluate the biological activity of MHC, we studied its in vitro cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells. This alkaloid showed significant inhibitory effects and induced apoptosis, as evidenced by enhanced caspase activities and the cellular generation of ROS. It was observed that a treatment with MHC inhibited the gene expression of NF-kB in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. These results suggest that MHC could be a promising medical plant for breast cancer treatment. Further studies are needed to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the anticancer action of MHC.

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40

Gunjan P. Malode, Ashwini Y. Parbat, Aayesha R. Shaikh, Wrushali A. Panchale, Jagdish V. Manwar, and Ravindra L. Bakal. "Phytochemistry, pharmacology and botanical aspects of Murraya Koenigii in the search for molecules with bioactive potential - A review." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 6, no. 3 (March 30, 2021): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.6.3.0055.

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The magical plant of Indian spice, Murraya koenigii(curry leaf) family Rutaceae grows throughout the Indian subcontinent. It is used in the treatment or prevention of many diseases including kidney stone, dysentery disorders, renal pain, stomach upsets & morning sickness. It is one of the main components of formulation in the traditional ayurvedic system of medicine since many centuaries. A scrutiny of literature reveals some notable pharmacological activities of plant. These include pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antitumor and neuroprotective.The leaves, roots and barks of this plant are rich in source of carbazole alkaloids. The carbazole alkaloids includes koenigin, bicyclomahanim-bicine, cyclomahanimbine, murrayastine, coumarine, koenidine has medicinal activities.

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41

Liu, Hang, Chuang-Jun Li, Jing-Zhi Yang, Na Ning, Yi-Kang Si, Li Li, Nai-Hong Chen, Qing Zhao, and Dong-Ming Zhang. "Carbazole Alkaloids from the Stems ofClausena lansium." Journal of Natural Products 75, no. 4 (February 28, 2012): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np200919a.

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42

Maneerat, Wisanu, Thunwadee Ritthiwigrom, Sarot Cheenpracha, Trinop Promgool, Kulsiri Yossathera, Suwanna Deachathai, Wong Phakhodee, and Surat Laphookhieo. "Bioactive Carbazole Alkaloids from Clausena wallichii Roots." Journal of Natural Products 75, no. 4 (April 6, 2012): 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np3000365.

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43

Ito, Chihiro, Tian-Shung Wu, and Hiroshi Furukawa. "Three new carbazole alkaloids from Murraya euchrestifolia." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 35, no. 1 (1987): 450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.35.450.

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44

ITO, Chihiro, Tian-Sheng WU, and Hiroshi FURUKAWA. "Novel binary carbazole alkaloids from Murraya euchrestifolia." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 38, no. 5 (1990): 1143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.38.1143.

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ITO, Chichiro, and Hiroshi FURUKAWA. "New carbazole alkaloids from Murraya euchrestifolia Hayata." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 38, no. 6 (1990): 1548–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.38.1548.

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Chakravarty, Ajit Kumar, Tapas Sarkar, Kazuo Masuda, and Kenji Shiojima. "Carbazole alkaloids from roots of Glycosmis arborea." Phytochemistry 50, no. 7 (April 1999): 1263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(98)00666-9.

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Samad, Abdul, Syed Badshah, Dilfaraz Khan, Farman Ali, Malik Amanullah, and Jane Hanrahan. "New prenylated carbazole alkaloids from Zanthoxylum armatum." Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 16, no. 12 (October 30, 2014): 1126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2014.967228.

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Ngadjui, Bonaventure Tchaleu, J. Foyere Ayafor, Beibam L. Sondengam, and Joseph D. Connolly. "Quinolone and carbazole alkaloids from Clausena anisata." Phytochemistry 28, no. 5 (January 1989): 1517–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)97778-1.

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Talavera, E. M., M. Jimenez, B. Quintero, and J. M. Alvarez. "Fluorescence quenching of carbazole by tropanic alkaloids." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 54, no. 1 (October 1990): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1010-6030(90)87007-x.

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Reisch, Johannes, Olav Goj, Anura Wickramasinghe, H. M. T. Bandara Herath, and Gerald Henkel. "Carbazole alkaloids from seeds of Murraya koenigii." Phytochemistry 31, no. 8 (August 1992): 2877–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83651-e.

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