Relevant bibliographies by topics / Carbon, Activated

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Carbon, Activated'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Carbon, Activated"

1

J, Hedi. "CO 2 Adsorption on Activated Carbon." Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering Journal 5, no. 4 (2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ppej-16000289.

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Li, Zhong, Hongjuan Wang, Hongxia Xi, Qibin Xia, Jinglei Han, and Lingai Luo. "Estimation of Activation Energy of Desorption of n-Hexanol from Activated Carbons by the TPD Technique." Adsorption Science & Technology 21, no. 2 (March 2003): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361703769013862.

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Activated carbon and five kinds of metal-ion-substituted activated carbons, viz. Ag+-activated carbon, Cu2+-activated carbon, Fe3+-activated carbon, Ba2+-activated carbon and Ca2+-activated carbon, were prepared. A model for estimating the activation energy of desorption was established. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiments were conducted to measure the TPD curves of n-hexanol and hence estimate the activation energy for n-hexanol desorption from the various activated carbons. The results showed that the activation energies for n-hexanol desorption from the Ag+-activated carbon, the Cu2+-activated carbon and the Fe3+-activated carbon were higher than those from the unsubstituted activated carbon, the Ca2+-activated carbon and the Ba2+-activated carbon.
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Aprilia, Yeni, Arnelli Arnelli, and Yayuk Astuti. "Modification of Activated Carbon from Rice Husk using Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (HDTMA-Br) Surfactant and ZnCl2 activator and Microwaves for Nitrate Ion Adsorption." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.11.377-382.

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Surfactant Modified Activated Carbon (SMAC) is a surfactant-modified activated carbon product. The surfactant used in this study was the cationic surfactant Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (HDTMA-Br). These surfactants can change the activated carbon's surface to be positively charged due to the presence of the surfactant hydrophilic groups. This SMAC is more selective in absorbing anions, which in this study is for the adsorption of nitrate anions. This research aims to prepare a new material that is superior to activated carbon in absorbing nitrate anions. This research was conducted in several stages. In the first stage, rice husk was carbonized through pyrolysis at 300°C for 10 minutes. In the second stage, carbon was activated using 30% ZnCl2 and microwaves for 5 minutes and 400 W. The third stage was modifying activated carbon by contacting or adsorbing HDTMA-Br on activated carbon. The concentration of HDTMA-Br varied at 200-400 ppm and the adsorption time was 3-7 hours. The success of the modification was measured by the efficiency of HDTMA-Br in modifying activated carbon. This is supported by the results of the characterization of FTIR, GSA, SEM, and thermodynamic parameters. The resulting SMAC was applied for the adsorption of nitrate anions, and the results were compared to carbon and activated carbon. The results indicate that the best SMAC is formed at an optimum concentration of 300 ppm, within 4 hours, with an adsorption efficiency of 97.345%. The characterization results also show that SMAC has been formed, as evidenced by the presence of a peak at a wavenumber of about 1500 cm-1, a C-N group derived from N(CH3)3 in the HDTMA-Br surfactant structure. The SMAC spectra also appeared weak peaks at the wave number 2918 cm-1, which indicated the CH2-R group stretching from the HDTMA-Br surfactant. SEM image shows that HDTMA-Br has covered the pores of activated carbon. Meanwhile, the SMAC surface area is lower than that of activated carbon. Thermodynamic parameters indicate that HDTMA-Br interacts physically with activated carbon. The adsorption capacity of nitrate anion by SMAC is 3,638 mg/g, higher than carbon and activated carbon.
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Valente Nabais, J. M., and P. J. M. Carrott. "Chemical Characterization of Activated Carbon Fibers and Activated Carbons." Journal of Chemical Education 83, no. 3 (March 2006): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed083p436.

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de la Casa-Lillo, M. A., F. Lamari-Darkrim, D. Cazorla-Amorós, and A. Linares-Solano. "Hydrogen Storage in Activated Carbons and Activated Carbon Fibers." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 106, no. 42 (October 2002): 10930–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp014543m.

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Atamanyuk, Volodymyr, Iryna Huzova, and Zoriana Gnativ. "Intensification of Drying Process During Activated Carbon Regeneration." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 12, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht12.02.263.

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Dobrevski, I., and L. Zvezdova. "Biological Regeneration of Activated Carbon." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0017.

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This paper reports the results of investigations into the effect of activated carbon pore structure on the process of carbon regeneration. The suitability of several different commercial activated carbons for biological regeneration was investigated. The pore volume, pore radii, and surface area of the carbons were determined by mercury intrusion and BET methods. The adsorption capacities of the carbons were measured in completely mixed batch reactor systems. Heterogeneous micro-organism cultures and crude cell extract were used for bioregeneration of the carbons. The comparative adsorption and bioregeneration studies showed that there was no correlation between the original adsorption capacity and the regenerated adsorption capacity of activated carbons under the range of conditions used. This is due to the pore structure characteristics of the carbons. It has been found that the regenerated adsorption capacity depends on the volume of the pores with radii, r, of 5 - 50 nm (50 - 500 Å). On the basis of substrate bio-oxidation reactions and the results obtained from identification of some exo-enzymes involved in this bio-oxidation process, the probable mechanism of bioregeneration is discussed.
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Diamadopoulos, E., P. Samaras, and G. P. Sakellaropoulos. "The Effect of Activated Carbon Properties on the Adsorption of Toxic Substances." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0023.

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The objectives of this work were to relate the activated carbon properties to its adsorptive capacity. The activated carbon needed was produced in the lab from Greek lignite coal. Subsequently, adsorption studies were performed in order to evaluate the efficiency of the various activated carbons to remove toxic substances from water. Two organic substances were used. These were phenol and fulvic acid. Additionally, the adsorption of arsenic (V) was, also, investigated. It was found that the adsorptive capacity of the activated carbons depended primarily on the ash content and the compound. The capacity of the carbon to remove phenol, expressed as mg of phenol removed per g of activated carbon (carbon loading), decreased linearly as the amount of ash in the activated carbon increased. Ash-free activated carbons could adsorb 4 times as much phenol as the activated carbons with a high ash content. On the other hand, fulvic acid and arsenic adsorbed poorly on the ash-free activated carbons. Even for the high surface area activated carbons (over 1000 m2/g), the quantity of fulvic acid or arsenic adsorbed was significantly less than that exhibited by the high ash activated carbons (maximum surface area measured hardly exceeded 300 m2/g). As the amount of ash in the carbon increased, the carbon loading increased as well, up to a certain level, beyond which the amount of ash played no significant role. The beneficial role of ash was explained by the ability of the fulvic acid and arsenic to interact with metal oxides and metal ions, which constitute a significant fraction of the ash.
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Ramírez-Palma, Richard Iván, Alejandro Crisóstomo Véliz-Aguayo, Juan Francisco Garcés-Vargas, Lucrecia Cristina Moreno-Alcívar, Gerardo Antonio Herrera-Brunett, and Miguel Antonio Salvatierra-Barzola. "Reducción de trazas de materia orgánica en agua potable mediante la adsorción con Zeolita.//Reduction of organic matter traces in drinking water through adsorption with zeolite." CIENCIA UNEMI 12, no. 29 (January 31, 2019): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol12iss29.2019pp51-62p.

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El objetivo de esta investigación fue la reducción de las trazas de materia orgánica en el agua potable por medio del uso de zeolita natural, zeolita activada y la comparación con la eficiencia de la adsorción del carbón activado. Se utilizó agua suministrada por la compañía AGUAPEN E.P. y materiales adsorbentes zeolita natural, zeolita activada y carbón activado. La zeolita se activó térmicamente a 600ªC. Se realizaron pruebas en columnas de adsorción a escala (RSSCT – Rapid Small-Scale Column Test) para carbón activado granular (GAC) de acuerdo a la norma ASTM 6586 para determinar la eficiencia de la adsorción de las trazas de materia orgánica en el agua potable. Se determinó la eficiencia en base al parámetro de carbono orgánico total en muestras simple del afluente y efluente del agua tratada cada 3 horas durante 24 horas. El incremento de la presión de trabajo evidencia el punto de ruptura o colmatación del adsorbente. La concentración del Carbón Orgánico Total (COT) se determinó mediante el análisis de la combustión de la muestra con el detector infrarrojo no dispersivo de dióxido de carbono (CO2). Los resultados mostraron reducción de materia orgánica con el uso de zeolita natural y zeolita activada, con respecto al carbón activado.AbstractThe objective of this research was the reduction of organic matter traces in drinking water through the use of natural and activated zeolite, and the comparison with the efficiency of activated carbon adsorption. Water supplied by the company AGUAPEN E.P. was used, and adsorbent materials as natural zeolite, activated zeolite and activated carbon were utilized. The zeolite was thermally activated at 600 ° C. Tests were performed on scale adsorption columns (RSSCT - Rapid Small Scale Column Test) for Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) according to ASTM 6586 to determine the efficiency of the adsorption of traces of organic matter in drinking water. Efficiency was determined based on the total organic carbon parameter in simple affluent and effluent samples of treated water every 3 hours during 24 hours. The increase in working pressure shows the point of rupture or clogging of the adsorbent. The concentration of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was determined by analyzing the sample combustion with a non-dispersive infrared carbon dioxide (CO2) detector. The results showed the reduction of organic matter in natural zeolite and activated zeolite compared to activated carbon.
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Jordá-Beneyto, María, Dolores Lozano-Castelló, Fabián Suárez-García, Diego Cazorla-Amorós, and Ángel Linares-Solano. "Advanced activated carbon monoliths and activated carbons for hydrogen storage." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 112, no. 1-3 (July 2008): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.09.034.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbon, Activated"

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Bechwati, Fouad. "Acoustics of activated carbon." Thesis, University of Salford, 2008. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26573/.

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This thesis describes a study into how sound interacts with activated carbon, a material that exhibits adsorbing and desorbing properties. Adsorption is where molecules from the surrounding gas are attracted to the material microstructure and held in place by a weak physical attraction force named after the scientist van der Waals\ desorption is the opposite process. Activated carbons include a complex porous structure, with a large internal surface area, and a considerable adsorption capacity caused by free electrons in the deformed graphene layers. The process of adsorption and desorption is usually associated with energy exchanges, caused by transfers of heat between the adsorbate molecules and the adsorbent surface. The study of acoustic interactions with granular activated carbons at normal conditions makes the subject of this doctoral thesis. Two main physical phenomena were seen to accompany sound propagation through the material: (i) an increase in volume compliance which is assumed to be caused by a change in the density of the interacting gas, and (ii) excess absorption at low frequencies thought to be due to the energy lost in the adsorption/desorption hysteresis. For the former, measurements on the impedance of low frequency Helmholtz resonators reveal significant shifts in resonance when activated carbon is used as a porous liner in the backing volume. At constant aperture dimensions, these shifts are attributed to a larger apparent volume of the resonator as compared to an empty backing volume. This phenomenon is in direct contravention of the physical theory associated with Helmholtz resonators as the resonant frequency of a device increases slightly when a porous solid is placed in the backing volume. An upper frequency limit of SOOHz is also determined where sorption effects in activated carbon are assumed to become almost negligible in relation to sound propagation. For the latter, the excess absorption at low frequency, a series of experiments to reveal the physical cause of the phenomenon have been undertaken. Hysteresis was observed during the sorption of humid air onto activated carbon at room temperature. At such conditions, the different rates of adsorption and desorption lead to a disturbance in the system equilibrium and cause a change in entropy. The return of the system to equilibrium is an exothermic process hence involves energy losses between activated carbon and the surrounding gas. This is suggested as a possible cause of the excess attenuation. However,the relaxation times are rather long for acoustic propagation, and further work is needed to examine this. An experimental apparatus to explore sound propagation through the material was devised. Results showed a violation of the equation of state for the relationship between volume and pressure: as the volume in a sealed chamber was reduced at constant temperature, the measured pressure change was found to be lower for a sample of activated carbon than when the chamber was empty; a phenomenon assumed due to the differences between adsorption and desorption rates. A new method for determining the porosity of a material exhibiting adsorption at acoustic pressures has been devised and found to be 81 ±7% for the granular sample examined. BET analysis and examination of electron microscope pictures allowed the pore size distribution to be found. Although the activated carbon sample has many very small pores (0.7nm in width), the BET isotherm showed that these will be saturated with water vapour in normal conditions. Consequently, the pores that affect sound propagation are those between the grains of the activated carbon, and the macropores (>50nm) on the surface of the grains. A theoretical model is developed and outlined based on the Langmuir isotherm. This was used to predict the sound propagation within the material and is compared to acoustic impedance measured in a large low frequency impedance tube, which was constructed especially for this project. The match between theory and measurement is rather poor, thought to be due to the lack of modelling the hysteresis effects in the adsorption- desorption cycle. Two applications of the material are examined, within a Helmholtz resonator and the cups of hearing defenders. In both cases, improved performance is seen. For instance, the use of the material in hearing defenders showed that activated carbon could be used to improve the attenuation at low frequencies in comparison to conventional foam liners.
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Chinn, Matthew. "The impregnation of activated carbon." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247377.

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This thesis describes a study into the impregnation of activated carbon. A wide selection of commercially available activated carbons were impregnated with triethylaminediamine (TEDA). The utilisation of this impregnant was measured using custom built dynamic filtration apparatus. A discussion of the influence of carbon morphology and affinity for water vapour on impregnant utilisation is given. Purpose built adsorption apparatus enabled the first recorded isotherms of TED A on activated carbon to be measured. The isotherms allowed the location of the impregnant TED A in activated carbons to be determined. The majority of TEDA was shown to be located within the micropore region but at high partial pressure mesopore adsorption also took place. This apparatus was further used to control the rate of impregnation by varying temperature. By assessing the utilisation of TEDA on samples impregnated at different rates it was demonstrated that a low rate of impregnation is beneficial. Possible reasons for this observation are proposed. The use of novel metal doped carbons for hydrogen cyanide (HeN) adsorption was also investigated as part of this study. The carbons were prepared by co-workers at the University of Huddersfield who used ion-exchange of sodium carboxymethylcellulose with various transition metals prior to carbonisation and activation. Assessment of these materials required the adaptation of inverse gas chromatography and the construction of new apparatus capable of assessing the filtration performance of very small scale (~ 10 mg) powdered samples. The subsequent assessment of samples enable iterative improvement of the performance of these materials. These metal doped carbons were shown to possess a high capacity for HeN which was attributed to the high dispersion of metal within the activated carbon matrix. This work resulted in the granting of a patent for novel metal doped carbons for HeN removal. Further studies with metal impregnants on activated carbon included the optimisation of cobalt acetate/TEDA formulations in order to promote adsorption of HeN and cyanogen chloride. This resulted in the observation of synergy between different impregnant species on activated carbons.
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Zhang, Tengyan. "Preparation and characterization of carbon molecular sieves and activated carbons /." Search for this dissertation online, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.

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Zhang, Yan. "Carbon Dioxide Capture: Using Activated Carbon From Chicken Waste." TopSCHOLAR®, 2007. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/390.

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Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emission from hydrocarbon fuel combustion is becoming a serious concern because it is the main contributor to greenhouse gas which causes global warming. Activated carbon sorbents have been used widely in various gas-phase and/or liquid-phase separation. Currently activated carbon (AC) is being investigated and developed for CO2 capture. Chicken waste, which is produced in large quantity in U.S., is currently disposed as waste. However, it may have a large benefit to turn chicken waste into useful activated carbon. In this research, a series of activated carbon have been generated from chicken waste and coal in the lab scale reactor. The characteristics of these generated activated carbons, such as specific surface, thermal stability, structure properties were investigated and discussed. The CO2 adsorption capabilities of these activated cartons were also studied in pure CO2 system and CO2/H2O system. One of these activated carbons was modified using the acid treatment, which improved the CO2 adsorption capacity by around 4 times.
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Silvino, Pedro Felipe Gadelha. "Virtual models applied to activated carbon characterization." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13357.

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AgÃncia Nacional do PetrÃleo
Activated carbons are amorphous materials represented by a pore size distribution (PSD) which usually reproduce the experimental isotherm of N2 at 77 K. Presently, we obtain this distribution using the activated carbon slit-pore model and isotherms calculated by molecular simulation. In this study, we have evaluated the extent to which the use of more realistic activated carbon models influences on the characterization, as well as the possibility of representing the activated carbon by a minimum three-pore PSD. Adsorption isotherms were calculated using the Grand Canonical ensemble within the Monte Carlo method, and compared with experimental isotherms of commercial activated carbons. The deconvolution method with non negative least squares was used to determine the PSDs. We observed that the models containing heterogeneity factors were more accurate than the simplified models, and that activated carbons could be well represented by a minimum three-pore distribution without significant loss of precision. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the minimum PSD could be applied to formulate virtual porous carbon models that are useful in the heterogeneity study. Finally, we propose the use of the minimum PSD to replace the classical calculations of average pore size.
Carbonos ativados sÃo materiais amorfos representados por uma distribuiÃÃo de tamanho de poros (PSD) que usualmente reproduz a isoterma experimental de N2 a 77 K. Presentemente esta distribuiÃÃo à obtida com o uso do modelo de carbono ativado de placas paralelas de grafeno e isotermas calculadas por simulaÃÃo molecular. Neste estudo avaliou-se a influÃncia do uso de modelos de poros de carbono ativado mais realistas sobre a caracterizaÃÃo, bem como a possibilidade de representar o carbono ativado por uma PSD mÃnima constituÃda de apenas trÃs poros. Isotermas de adsorÃÃo foram calculadas utilizando-se o algoritmo de Monte Carlo no ensemble grande canÃnico e comparadas com as isotermas experimentais de carbonos ativados comerciais. O mÃtodo de deconvoluÃÃo com mÃnimos quadrados nÃo negativos foi utilizado para determinaÃÃo das PSDs. Observou-se que modelos contendo fatores de heterogeneidade mostraram-se mais precisos que os modelos simplificados. Notou-se ainda que efetivamente o carbono ativado pode ser representado por uma PSD mÃnima de trÃs poros sem perda significativa de precisÃo. AlÃm disso, demonstrou-se que a distribuiÃÃo mÃnima pode ser usada para elaborar modelos virtuais de carbono que sÃo Ãteis no estudo de heterogeneidades. Finalmente propomos o uso da PSD mÃnima em substituiÃÃo ao cÃlculo clÃssico de tamanho mÃdio de poros.
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Bajracharya, Asnika Bajracharya. "Removal of Microcystin-LR Using Powdered Activated Carbon: Effects of Water Quality and Activated Carbon Property." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500594334891353.

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Reddy, Reddy Pratyusha. "Comparative Study of Adsorption of Dyes onto Activated Carbon and Modified Activated Carbon by Chitosan Impregnation." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1525171939645615.

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Holmes, Richard James. "Chemical modification of activated carbon adsorbents." Thesis, Brunel University, 1991. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5378.

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Activated carbons have been modif fed using reactive chemicals to produce adsorbents of enhanced hydrophobic character which will also be resistant to surface oxidation that results from exposure to humid air ("ageing"). The intention was that modification would not disrupt the carbon pore structure. The adsorptive properties of the modified carbons have been investigated using probe molecules Including nitrogen, water, hexane, and chloropicrin, and the ageing characteristics of the carbons, and the factors controlling the adsorption of a model hydrophobic vapour from high humidity air have been studied. Directly fluorinated carbons were unstable, probably due to weakly adsorbed fluorine. Treatment of these adsorbents with other chemicals indicated the potential of the technique for Introducing specific functional groups onto the carbon surface. Carbons modified using selective fluorinating reagents (hexafluoropropene and 1,1-difluoroethene) were more hydrophobic, and adsorbed hydrophobic vapours more efficiently from humid air in comparison to controls. These adsorbents aged, but at a reduced rate in comparison to control carbon. Carbons modified using chlorinating reagents (carbonyl chloride and chlorine) and treated with solvents to remove adsorbed reagent and/or reaction products were of improved hydrophobic character, and adsorbed hydrophobic vapours from humid air at least as efficiently as the control samples. More importantly, these carbons offered resistance to ageing effects. A study of the factors controlling the efficiency with which hydrophobic vapours; are adsorbed from humid air revealed that the surface chemistry of the carbon is important, but that under typical conditions of use, filter performance was limited by the rate at which water displaced by the organic vapour could be carried away by the airstream. The results illustrate that filters containing chemically modified activated carbon offer advantages when volatile hydrophobic contaminant vapours are present, and where ageing effects are an important mechanism by which filtration efficiency is degraded.
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Karimi-Jashni, Ayoub. "Electrochemical reactivation of granular activated carbon." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6200.

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The main objectives of this dissertation were to refine electrochemical GAC reactivation technology, a promising alternative technology, and to investigate its technical feasibility. The specific objectives of the study were: (1) to evaluate alternative reactor designs; (2) to assess the effect of contaminant and GAC types on the regeneration efficiency; (3) to study the electrolyte post-treatment; and (4) to investigate reactivation mechanisms and model them. To achieve these objectives many interrelated topics were investigated using phenol, 2-nitrophenol (2NP) and naturally occurring background organic matter (NOM) as adsorbates and Filtrasorb 400 (F-400), Westvaco Carbon (WV-B), Darco Norit, and Filtrasorb 300 (F-300) as adsorbents. The impact of reactor operation conditions (reactivation time, current density, pH) on the reactivation efficiency showed that the reactivation efficiency (RE%) could be increased to a maximum by increasing the current and/or time. It was concluded that electrochemical reactivation of GAC is contaminant-type dependent. The reactivation efficiencies of F-400 loaded with 2NP and phenol at different reactivation currents and times showed similar patterns. A comparison of the percent reactivation of GACs showed that F-400 and WV-B performed essentially the same for the tested conditions. Total destruction of desorbed contaminants and their by-products were possible. Desorbed phenol and 2NP from loaded GAC react to form a number of reaction by-products that are eventually oxidized to CO2 and H 2O. The main mechanism responsible for electrochemical reactivation is high-pH induced desorption at the cathode. It accounts for approximately 50--60% of the total reactivation of a single layer of GAC. It is recommended that the GAC electrochemical reactivation should be a three step process. First, the GAC is reactivated with a relatively low current to minimize potential alterations of the GAC surface. Second, the GAC is drained and rinsed with a buffered solution. Finally, the electrolyte is treated electrochemically for an extended time at a much higher current (and possibly a different electrode) to reduce the electrolyte's TOC so that it may be reused or discharged. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Cen, Jianqi. "Electrochemical regeneration of granular activated carbon." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6754.

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Laboratory experiments have investigated the feasibility of granular activated carbon (GAC) regeneration via an electrochemical technique. GAC was loaded with phenol by batch adsorption tests, electrochemically regenerated and finally reloaded with phenol. Regeneration was conducted by placing GAC on a platinum elecotrode within a batch reactor filled with electrolyte (generally a 1% NaCl solution), and applying a current to the reactor. Limited experiments show that cathodic regeneration is more efficient than anodic regeneration; the investigation concentrates on the former. Although anodic regeneration is more efficient in destroying residual phenol in the electrolyte, cathodic regeneration can also eliminate these residuals by using longer regeneration times and/or higher currents. Increasing the regeneration current and time could increase the regeneration efficiency (RE) up to 94 percent. Lower currents applied for longer regeneration times yield similar results with slightly lower energy consumption. REs are also significantly affected by the electrolyte type, electrolyte concentration, and GAC particle size, but not by the carbon loading. Multiple regenerations only reduced the REs by an additional 2 percent per cycle. Preliminary analysis indicates that electrochemical regeneration is less expensive than thermal regeneration as it has no obvious carbon losses. Since this electrochemical regeneration process is technologically feasible and probably more economical than thermal regeneration, it merits further investigation.
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Books on the topic "Carbon, Activated"

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1941-, Rodríguez-Reinoso F., ed. Activated carbon. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2006.

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Groeber, Margaret M. Granular activated carbon treatment. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, 1991.

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Groeber, Margaret M. Granular activated carbon treatment. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, 1991.

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Kwiatkowski, James F. Activated carbon: Classifications, properties and applications. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Clark, Robert Maurice. Granular activated carbon: Design, operation, and cost. Chelsea, Mich: Lewis Publishers, 1989.

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Tomlinson, John Brian. Studies of activated carbon fibres. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1992.

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Jahangir, Mohammad Abdul Quadir. Bioregeneration of granular activated carbon. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1994.

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Osantowski, Richard. Evaluation of activated carbon for enhanced COD removal from pharmaceutical wastewater. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1986.

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Lupașcu, Tudor. Cărbuni activi din materii prime vegetale. [Chișinău]: Știința, 2004.

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W, Lykins Ben, and Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Granular activated carbon adsorption with on-site infrared furnace reactivation: Project summary. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Carbon, Activated"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Activated Carbon." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 17. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_218.

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Roussak, O. V., and H. D. Gesser. "Carbon-Based Polymers, Activated Carbons." In Applied Chemistry, 279–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4262-2_16.

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Sjostrom, Sharon M. "Activated Carbon Injection." In Mercury Control, 293–310. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527658787.ch18.

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Aykut, Yakup, and Saad A. Khan. "Activated Carbon Nanofibers." In Carbon Nanomaterials Sourcebook, 267–85. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis Group, 2016. | “A CRC title.” |: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315371337-12.

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Zhang, Zhian. "Activated Carbon Nanogels." In Carbon Nanomaterials Sourcebook, 187–202. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis Group, 2016. | “A CRC title.” |: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315371337-8.

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Noroozi, Babak, and Moein Mehdipour. "Activated Carbon Nanoadsorbents." In Carbon Nanomaterials Sourcebook, 203–18. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis Group, 2016. | “A CRC title.” |: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315371337-9.

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LeChevallier, Mark W., and Gordon A. McFeters. "Microbiology of Activated Carbon." In Drinking Water Microbiology, 104–19. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4464-6_5.

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Sinha, Prerna, Soma Banerjee, and Kamal K. Kar. "Characteristics of Activated Carbon." In Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials I, 125–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43009-2_4.

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Ghorishi, S. Behrooz. "Concrete-Compatible Activated Carbon." In Mercury Control, 323–38. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527658787.ch20.

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Hung, Yung-Tse, Howard H. Lo, Lawrence K. Wang, Jerry R. Taricska, and Kathleen Hung Li. "Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption." In Advanced Physicochemical Treatment Processes, 123–53. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-029-4_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Carbon, Activated"

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Manocha, S., L. M. Manocha, Parth Joshi, Bhavesh Patel, Gaurav Dangi, and Narendra Verma. "Activated carbon from biomass." In CARBON MATERIALS 2012 (CCM12): Carbon Materials for Energy Harvesting, Environment, Nanoscience and Technology. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4810041.

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BAE, SANG-DAE, and AKIYOSHI SAKODA. "ACTIVATED CARBON MEMBRANE WITH CARBON WHISKER." In Proceedings of the Third Pacific Basin Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704320_0017.

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Senthilkumar, S. T., R. Kalai Selvan, and J. S. Melo. "The biomass derived activated carbon for supercapacitor." In CARBON MATERIALS 2012 (CCM12): Carbon Materials for Energy Harvesting, Environment, Nanoscience and Technology. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4810042.

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Gunay, A. Alperen. "ACTIVATED CARBON HEAT SINKS." In Proceedings of CONV-22: Int. Symp. on Convective Heat and Mass Transfer June 5 – 10, 2022, Turkey. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2022.conv22.180.

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Tzabar, Nir, and Gershon Grossman. "Nitrogen activated-carbon sorption compressor." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING: Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference - CEC, Volume 57. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4706999.

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Zakari, Zubri, Surani Buniran, and Mohamad Izha Ishak. "Nanopores Activated Carbon Rice Husk." In 2010 International Conference on Enabling Science and Nanotechnology (ESciNano). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/escinano.2010.5701036.

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Manocha, S., Guddu R. Prasad, Parth Joshi, Ranjitsingh S. Zala, Siddharth S. Gokhale, and L. M. Manocha. "Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from demineralized tyre char." In CARBON MATERIALS 2012 (CCM12): Carbon Materials for Energy Harvesting, Environment, Nanoscience and Technology. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4810039.

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KARATEPE, NILGUN, NURAY UCAR, PELIN ALTAY, and ZEYNEP BURCU. "Analyses of Carbon and Activated Carbon Nanofiber Web." In Third International Conference on Advances in Applied Science and Environmental Technology - ASET 2015. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-084-2-92.

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Ike, I. A., M. Adjimah, G. U. Ike, and C. Ezugwu. "Activated Carbon, a Possible Carbon Solution in Nigeria." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/167522-ms.

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Othman, Haitham A., and Mohamed Y. Soliman. "Combining Microwave and Activated Carbon for Oilfield Applications: Thermal-Electromagnetic Analysis of Activated Carbon." In SPE Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Annual Technical Symposium and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/188130-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Carbon, Activated"

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McLaughlin, H. Solvent-regenerated activated carbon. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6294679.

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Kuriyama, K., and M. S. Dresselhaus. Photoconductivity of activated carbon fibers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6824682.

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Contescu, Cristian I., Frederick S. Baker, Costas Tsouris, and Joanna McFarlane. Activated Carbon Composites for Air Separation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/969950.

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Baker, Frederick S., Cristian I. Contescu, Costas Tsouris, and Timothy D. Burchell. Activated Carbon Composites for Air Separation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1024217.

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Schwarz, J. A. Hydrogen storage on activated carbon. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10108348.

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di Vittorio, S. L., M. S. Dresselhaus, M. Endo, J.-P. Issi, and L. Piraux. The transport properties of activated carbon fibers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6882792.

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Edwin S. Olson and Daniel J. Stepan. ACTIVATED CARBON FROM LIGNITE FOR WATER TREATMENT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/824974.

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Parker, Kent E., Elizabeth C. Golovich, and Dawn M. Wellman. Uranium Adsorption on Granular Activated Carbon – Batch Testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1127293.

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Ho, Patience C., and C. S. Daw. Adsorption and Desorption of Dinitrotoluene on Activated Carbon. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada466647.

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MUDD, JASON E., TIMOTHY J. GARDNER, and ALLEN G. SAULT. Platinum Catalyzed Decomposition of Activated Carbon: 1. Initial Studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/791893.

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