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Journal articles on the topic 'Carbon, Activated'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

J, Hedi. "CO 2 Adsorption on Activated Carbon." Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering Journal 5, no. 4 (2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ppej-16000289.

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2

Li, Zhong, Hongjuan Wang, Hongxia Xi, Qibin Xia, Jinglei Han, and Lingai Luo. "Estimation of Activation Energy of Desorption of n-Hexanol from Activated Carbons by the TPD Technique." Adsorption Science & Technology 21, no. 2 (March 2003): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361703769013862.

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Activated carbon and five kinds of metal-ion-substituted activated carbons, viz. Ag+-activated carbon, Cu2+-activated carbon, Fe3+-activated carbon, Ba2+-activated carbon and Ca2+-activated carbon, were prepared. A model for estimating the activation energy of desorption was established. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiments were conducted to measure the TPD curves of n-hexanol and hence estimate the activation energy for n-hexanol desorption from the various activated carbons. The results showed that the activation energies for n-hexanol desorption from the Ag+-activated carbon, the Cu2+-activated carbon and the Fe3+-activated carbon were higher than those from the unsubstituted activated carbon, the Ca2+-activated carbon and the Ba2+-activated carbon.
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3

Aprilia, Yeni, Arnelli Arnelli, and Yayuk Astuti. "Modification of Activated Carbon from Rice Husk using Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (HDTMA-Br) Surfactant and ZnCl2 activator and Microwaves for Nitrate Ion Adsorption." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.11.377-382.

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Surfactant Modified Activated Carbon (SMAC) is a surfactant-modified activated carbon product. The surfactant used in this study was the cationic surfactant Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (HDTMA-Br). These surfactants can change the activated carbon's surface to be positively charged due to the presence of the surfactant hydrophilic groups. This SMAC is more selective in absorbing anions, which in this study is for the adsorption of nitrate anions. This research aims to prepare a new material that is superior to activated carbon in absorbing nitrate anions. This research was conducted in several stages. In the first stage, rice husk was carbonized through pyrolysis at 300°C for 10 minutes. In the second stage, carbon was activated using 30% ZnCl2 and microwaves for 5 minutes and 400 W. The third stage was modifying activated carbon by contacting or adsorbing HDTMA-Br on activated carbon. The concentration of HDTMA-Br varied at 200-400 ppm and the adsorption time was 3-7 hours. The success of the modification was measured by the efficiency of HDTMA-Br in modifying activated carbon. This is supported by the results of the characterization of FTIR, GSA, SEM, and thermodynamic parameters. The resulting SMAC was applied for the adsorption of nitrate anions, and the results were compared to carbon and activated carbon. The results indicate that the best SMAC is formed at an optimum concentration of 300 ppm, within 4 hours, with an adsorption efficiency of 97.345%. The characterization results also show that SMAC has been formed, as evidenced by the presence of a peak at a wavenumber of about 1500 cm-1, a C-N group derived from N(CH3)3 in the HDTMA-Br surfactant structure. The SMAC spectra also appeared weak peaks at the wave number 2918 cm-1, which indicated the CH2-R group stretching from the HDTMA-Br surfactant. SEM image shows that HDTMA-Br has covered the pores of activated carbon. Meanwhile, the SMAC surface area is lower than that of activated carbon. Thermodynamic parameters indicate that HDTMA-Br interacts physically with activated carbon. The adsorption capacity of nitrate anion by SMAC is 3,638 mg/g, higher than carbon and activated carbon.
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4

Valente Nabais, J. M., and P. J. M. Carrott. "Chemical Characterization of Activated Carbon Fibers and Activated Carbons." Journal of Chemical Education 83, no. 3 (March 2006): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed083p436.

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5

de la Casa-Lillo, M. A., F. Lamari-Darkrim, D. Cazorla-Amorós, and A. Linares-Solano. "Hydrogen Storage in Activated Carbons and Activated Carbon Fibers." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 106, no. 42 (October 2002): 10930–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp014543m.

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6

Atamanyuk, Volodymyr, Iryna Huzova, and Zoriana Gnativ. "Intensification of Drying Process During Activated Carbon Regeneration." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 12, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht12.02.263.

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7

Dobrevski, I., and L. Zvezdova. "Biological Regeneration of Activated Carbon." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0017.

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This paper reports the results of investigations into the effect of activated carbon pore structure on the process of carbon regeneration. The suitability of several different commercial activated carbons for biological regeneration was investigated. The pore volume, pore radii, and surface area of the carbons were determined by mercury intrusion and BET methods. The adsorption capacities of the carbons were measured in completely mixed batch reactor systems. Heterogeneous micro-organism cultures and crude cell extract were used for bioregeneration of the carbons. The comparative adsorption and bioregeneration studies showed that there was no correlation between the original adsorption capacity and the regenerated adsorption capacity of activated carbons under the range of conditions used. This is due to the pore structure characteristics of the carbons. It has been found that the regenerated adsorption capacity depends on the volume of the pores with radii, r, of 5 - 50 nm (50 - 500 Å). On the basis of substrate bio-oxidation reactions and the results obtained from identification of some exo-enzymes involved in this bio-oxidation process, the probable mechanism of bioregeneration is discussed.
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8

Diamadopoulos, E., P. Samaras, and G. P. Sakellaropoulos. "The Effect of Activated Carbon Properties on the Adsorption of Toxic Substances." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0023.

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The objectives of this work were to relate the activated carbon properties to its adsorptive capacity. The activated carbon needed was produced in the lab from Greek lignite coal. Subsequently, adsorption studies were performed in order to evaluate the efficiency of the various activated carbons to remove toxic substances from water. Two organic substances were used. These were phenol and fulvic acid. Additionally, the adsorption of arsenic (V) was, also, investigated. It was found that the adsorptive capacity of the activated carbons depended primarily on the ash content and the compound. The capacity of the carbon to remove phenol, expressed as mg of phenol removed per g of activated carbon (carbon loading), decreased linearly as the amount of ash in the activated carbon increased. Ash-free activated carbons could adsorb 4 times as much phenol as the activated carbons with a high ash content. On the other hand, fulvic acid and arsenic adsorbed poorly on the ash-free activated carbons. Even for the high surface area activated carbons (over 1000 m2/g), the quantity of fulvic acid or arsenic adsorbed was significantly less than that exhibited by the high ash activated carbons (maximum surface area measured hardly exceeded 300 m2/g). As the amount of ash in the carbon increased, the carbon loading increased as well, up to a certain level, beyond which the amount of ash played no significant role. The beneficial role of ash was explained by the ability of the fulvic acid and arsenic to interact with metal oxides and metal ions, which constitute a significant fraction of the ash.
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9

Ramírez-Palma, Richard Iván, Alejandro Crisóstomo Véliz-Aguayo, Juan Francisco Garcés-Vargas, Lucrecia Cristina Moreno-Alcívar, Gerardo Antonio Herrera-Brunett, and Miguel Antonio Salvatierra-Barzola. "Reducción de trazas de materia orgánica en agua potable mediante la adsorción con Zeolita.//Reduction of organic matter traces in drinking water through adsorption with zeolite." CIENCIA UNEMI 12, no. 29 (January 31, 2019): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol12iss29.2019pp51-62p.

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El objetivo de esta investigación fue la reducción de las trazas de materia orgánica en el agua potable por medio del uso de zeolita natural, zeolita activada y la comparación con la eficiencia de la adsorción del carbón activado. Se utilizó agua suministrada por la compañía AGUAPEN E.P. y materiales adsorbentes zeolita natural, zeolita activada y carbón activado. La zeolita se activó térmicamente a 600ªC. Se realizaron pruebas en columnas de adsorción a escala (RSSCT – Rapid Small-Scale Column Test) para carbón activado granular (GAC) de acuerdo a la norma ASTM 6586 para determinar la eficiencia de la adsorción de las trazas de materia orgánica en el agua potable. Se determinó la eficiencia en base al parámetro de carbono orgánico total en muestras simple del afluente y efluente del agua tratada cada 3 horas durante 24 horas. El incremento de la presión de trabajo evidencia el punto de ruptura o colmatación del adsorbente. La concentración del Carbón Orgánico Total (COT) se determinó mediante el análisis de la combustión de la muestra con el detector infrarrojo no dispersivo de dióxido de carbono (CO2). Los resultados mostraron reducción de materia orgánica con el uso de zeolita natural y zeolita activada, con respecto al carbón activado.AbstractThe objective of this research was the reduction of organic matter traces in drinking water through the use of natural and activated zeolite, and the comparison with the efficiency of activated carbon adsorption. Water supplied by the company AGUAPEN E.P. was used, and adsorbent materials as natural zeolite, activated zeolite and activated carbon were utilized. The zeolite was thermally activated at 600 ° C. Tests were performed on scale adsorption columns (RSSCT - Rapid Small Scale Column Test) for Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) according to ASTM 6586 to determine the efficiency of the adsorption of traces of organic matter in drinking water. Efficiency was determined based on the total organic carbon parameter in simple affluent and effluent samples of treated water every 3 hours during 24 hours. The increase in working pressure shows the point of rupture or clogging of the adsorbent. The concentration of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) was determined by analyzing the sample combustion with a non-dispersive infrared carbon dioxide (CO2) detector. The results showed the reduction of organic matter in natural zeolite and activated zeolite compared to activated carbon.
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10

Jordá-Beneyto, María, Dolores Lozano-Castelló, Fabián Suárez-García, Diego Cazorla-Amorós, and Ángel Linares-Solano. "Advanced activated carbon monoliths and activated carbons for hydrogen storage." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 112, no. 1-3 (July 2008): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.09.034.

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11

Kwon, Eunkwang, Soohyung Park, and Wontae Lee. "Comparison of Coal-, Coconut-, and Wood-Based Activated Carbons for Removal of Organic Matters in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 43, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.4.257.

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Objectives : This study investigated the removal of dissolved organic materials by coal-, coconut-, and wood-based activated carbons to assess the addition of an activated carbon process to a publicly owned treatment works (POTW).Methods : We assessed the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) by each process in the POTW, and examined the removal of TOC and UVA254 upon adding different amounts of coal-, coconut- and wood-based activated carbons (50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L) with various contact time (10, 20, 30, 60, 120 min).Results and Discussion : Approximately 80% of TOC was removed throughout the POTW compared to the influent. The activated carbon adsorption tests of coagulated wastewater revealed that the removal rate of TOC and UVA254 from coal-based activated carbon was higher than those of coconut-based and wood-based activated carbons. The removal rate of dissolved organic materials was highest in ozone treated wastewater in all types of activated carbons, followed by ultraviolet disinfected wastewater and coagulated wastewater.Conclusions : It was possible to remove an additional 35-55% of dissolved organic materials upon addition of activated carbon to the treated wastewater although the removal depends on the material of the activated carbon, the injection amount, and the contact time. If an activated carbon process is adopted to the POTW, it can meet the effluent water quality standards (TOC).
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12

Fatoki, Olalekan S., Olushola S. Ayanda, Folahan A. Adekola, Bhekumusa J. Ximba, and Beatrice O. Opeolu. "Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon - nFe3O4, Activated Carbon - nSiO2 and Activated Carbon - nZnO Hybrid Materials." Particle & Particle Systems Characterization 29, no. 3 (July 5, 2012): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.201100051.

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13

Averyanova, E. V., M. N. Shkolnikova, and A. V. Frolov. "DEPENDENCE OF PURIFIED RUTIN QUALITY ON ACTIVATED CARBON BRAND." Foods and Raw materials 5, no. 1 (June 29, 2017): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21179/2308-4057-2017-1-165-173.

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14

Cui, Xiangyu, Penghui Li, Baohua Hu, Teng Yang, Haichao Fu, Shuai Chen, and Xiaolai Zhang. "Simulation Study for the Adsorption of Carbon Disulfide on Hydroxyl Modified Activated Carbon." Molecules 28, no. 12 (June 7, 2023): 4627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28124627.

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In this study, grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations (GCMC) and molecular dynamics simulations (MD) were used to construct models of activated carbon with hydroxyl-modified hexachlorobenzene basic unit contents of 0%, 12.5%, 25%, 35% and 50%. The mechanism of adsorption of carbon disulfide (CS2) by hydroxyl-modified activated carbon was then studied. It is found that the introduction of hydroxyl functional groups will improve the adsorption capacity of activated carbon for carbon disulfide. As far as the simulation results are concerned, the activated carbon model containing 25% hydroxyl modified activated carbon basic units has the best adsorption performance for carbon disulfide molecules at 318 K and atmospheric pressure. At the same time, the changes in the porosity, accessible surface area of the solvent, ultimate diameter and maximum pore diameter of the activated carbon model also led to great differences in the diffusion coefficient of carbon disulfide molecules in different hydroxyl-modified activated carbons. However, the same adsorption heat and temperature had little effect on the adsorption of carbon disulfide molecules.
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15

McCallum, R., F. Roddick, and M. Hobday. "Adsorption of MIB by activated carbons produced using several activation techniques." Water Supply 2, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2002): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0178.

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Water treatment authorities use activated carbon as the best available technology to remove low molecular weight organic compounds from potable water. In Australia, pollutants of concern include secondary metabolites from bacterial and cyanobacterial blooms which are highly odorous and, in some cases, toxic. Of these compounds, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) is one of the most common and its unpleasant musty earthy odour can be detected at or above approximately 10 ng/L. Difficulties in using activated carbon to target such small organic compounds arise when the water has high concentrations of natural organic matter (NOM), as these compounds also adsorb on activated carbon. The adsorption of NOM on activated carbon increases the cost of using this material in water treatment due to competition with the target organic compounds, reducing the capacity of the activated carbon for the latter. The surface of activated carbon can be tailored during production to provide physical and chemical characteristics that can either aid or hinder the adsorption of particular compounds. One source of activated carbon currently under investigation at RMIT University is brown coal char waste from power stations. This waste, currently disposed of to landfill, is potentially an option for activated carbon production. This material has the advantage that it has already been carbonised at around 500°C in the power generation process. This means that less energy is required to produce activated carbon from power station char compared to coal, making the final product cheaper to produce. Previous work at RMIT has shown that steam activated power station char can remove organic compounds from water. Production of a range of activated carbons from power station char (PSC) was undertaken using different activation methods, including steam activation, steam activation with acid pre-treatment, alkali heat treatment, and Lewis acid heat treatment. The different activation methods produced activated carbons with different pore size distributions, in particular, the acid pre-treatment increased the surface area and porosity significantly compared with steam activation, and the alkali treatment increased the microporosity. Adsorption of MIB on these activated carbons was evaluated to determine the relationship between physical and chemical interactions of the activated carbon and adsorption. Adsorption of MIB on these activated carbons was found to be dependent on the secondary micropore volume. Lewis acid treatment and alkali treatment was not involved in the generation of many of these secondary pores, hence carbons from these treatments did not perform well in adsorption tests. The best adsorption results were achieved with steam activated or acid treated steam activated samples which performed comparably to commercial products. Initial results showed that competition from NOM adsorption was lowest with the PSC activated carbons, allowing greater adsorption of MIB, compared with the commercial activated carbons.
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16

Aktaş, Ö., and F. Çeçen. "Adsorption reversibility and bioregeneration of activated carbon in the treatment of phenol." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 10 (May 1, 2007): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.327.

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This study aims to clarify the effect of adsorbability, desorbability, biodegradability and activated carbon type on the extent of bioregeneration in the treatment of phenol. For this purpose, four different activated carbon types; one thermally activated and one chemically activated powdered carbon (PAC), and their granular countertypes (GAC) with similar physical characteristics were used. Adsorption isotherms showed that the thermally activated carbons, either in powdered or granular form, were better adsorbers for phenol than the chemically activated ones. However, adsorption was more irreversible in the case of thermally activated carbons. Bioregeneration of chemically activated carbons were found to be higher in accordance with their higher reversibility of adsorption showing that bioregeneration was controlled by the reversibility of adsorption. Bioregeneration efficiencies for the thermally activated carbons were much higher than their efficiencies of total desorbability. This indicated that some exoenzymatic reactions might have occurred so that phenol was bioregenerated more than expected.
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17

Islam, M. Nurul, Jahid Sarker, Ayesha Khatton, S. M. Mahruf Hossain, Helena Akhter Sikder, Rashed Ahmed, and A. M. Sarwaruddin Chowdhury. "Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon Prepared from Jute Stick Charcoal for Industrial Uses." Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences 5, no. 3 (March 30, 2022): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i03.003.

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Activated Carbons (ACs) were prepared from jute stick charcoal by chemical activation using H2SO4 and H3PO4 ranging temperature from 3000C to 3500. The activated carbons and charcoal prepared from jute sticks were characterized by evaluating the surface chemistry, structural features and surface morphology. The properties of the carbons were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Brunauer – Emmett-Teller (BET), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and the FT-IR method. The jute sticks were converted to activated carbons with the highest surface area (135–245m2/g) and largest mesopores volume (0.14–0.16 cm3/g). The FT-IR spectra exhibited that the pyrolysis of jute stick resulted in the release of aliphatic and O - containing functional groups by thermal effect. However, the release of functional groups is effect of chemical reaction in the ZnCl2, H3PO4, and H2SO4 activation process. A honeycomb carbon structure in activated carbon was formed as observed on SEM images. Although charcoal and activated carbon were prepared at 3000C to 3500, the activated carbon exhibited much lower Raman sensitivity due to the formation of condensed aromatic ring systems. Due to high surface area and high porous structure with abundance of functional groups, the activated carbon prepared from jute sticks charcoal absorbed molecules with much higher than those of other activated carbon.
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18

Ondon, Brim Stevy, Bing Sun, Zhi Yu Yan, Xiao Mei Zhu, and Hui Liu. "Microwave Preparation of Modified Activated Carbons for Phenol Adsorption in Aqueous Solution." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 1883–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1883.

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Microwave energy was used to prepare modified activated carbons (GAC, GAC/MW, GAC/Ni, and GAC/Cu). The modified activated carbons were used for phenol adsorption in aqueous solution. The adsorption conditions were optimized. Adsorption capacities of the different modified activated carbons were evaluated. The effect of microwave pretreatment of activated carbons was investigated. A comparative study on the activated carbons adsorption capacities was also investigated. Under optimal conditions the results showed that there was no obvious effect on activated carbons adsorption when rising temperature and pH during the adsorption process. Stirring has a very high effect on the activated carbons adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of the modified activated carbons reaches 95%. MW/GAC, GAC/Ni and GAC/Cu adsorptive capacity was higher compared to the Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) used as received. GAC treated with microwave energy has highest adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of GAC loaded with ion Ni2+ is higher than the activated carbon loaded with Cu2+. The untreated GAC has the lowest adsorption capacity. These results can be explained by the effect of microwave irradiation on GAC.The activated carbon loaded with Ni2+ adsorbs more microwave energy than the GAC loaded with Cu2+.
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19

TAI, KAZUO, and NORIFUMI SHINDO. "Activated Carbon Fiber." Sen'i Gakkaishi 49, no. 5 (1993): P177—P182. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.49.5_p177.

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20

Lobo-Machin, Irene, Vicente Medina-Arana, Luciano Delgado-Plasencia, Alberto Bravo-Gutiérrez, and Guillermo Burillo-Putze. "Activated Carbon Peritonitis." Cirugía Española (English Edition) 93, no. 9 (November 2015): e107-e109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cireng.2013.12.035.

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21

Hanzawa, Y., K. Kaneko, R. W. Pekala, and M. S. Dresselhaus. "Activated Carbon Aerogels." Langmuir 12, no. 26 (January 1996): 6167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la960481t.

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22

Maggs, Frederick A. P. "4732805 Activated carbon." Carbon 27, no. 1 (1989): I. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(89)90172-3.

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23

Li, Jun Wen, Zuobin Yu, Ming Gao, and Xinpei Cai. "Trihalomethanes adsorption on activated carbon fiber and granular activated carbon." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 97, no. 3-4 (July 1997): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02407473.

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24

Herawan, S. G., M. S. Hadi, Md R. Ayob, and A. Putra. "Characterization of Activated Carbons from Oil-Palm Shell by CO2Activation with No Holding Carbonization Temperature." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/624865.

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Activated carbons can be produced from different precursors, including coals of different ranks, and lignocellulosic materials, by physical or chemical activation processes. The objective of this paper is to characterize oil-palm shells, as a biomass byproduct from palm-oil mills which were converted into activated carbons by nitrogen pyrolysis followed by CO2activation. The effects of no holding peak pyrolysis temperature on the physical characteristics of the activated carbons are studied. The BET surface area of the activated carbon is investigated using N2adsorption at 77 K with selected temperatures of 500, 600, and 700°C. These pyrolysis conditions for preparing the activated carbons are found to yield higher BET surface area at a pyrolysis temperature of 700°C compared to selected commercial activated carbon. The activated carbons thus result in well-developed porosities and predominantly microporosities. By using this activation method, significant improvement can be obtained in the surface characteristics of the activated carbons. Thus this study shows that the preparation time can be shortened while better results of activated carbon can be produced.
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Sutrisno and Yusnaidar. "CHARACTERIZATION AND KINETIC ADSORPTION OF THE DIFFERENT SOURCES ACTIVATED CARBON FOR LIQUID-PHASE ADSORPTION." Jurnal Riset Kimia 2, no. 1 (February 11, 2015): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v2i1.107.

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ABSTRACT The activated carbon from oil-palm stones of agriculural by-products from palm-oil mills in several tropical countries, a coconut shells and a solid waste exploring coals mining (ex-coal mining) were studied in this paper. The activated and characterized carbon are carried out both chemical and adsorptive properties. The different chemical activators such as H3PO4, KOH, H2SO4 in the different ratio and also different temperature from 550° to 850°C was done. The adsorptive properties are including the textural properties of the activated carbons are investigated. It was found that the temperature and hold time had significantly influences on the surface area and pore size in the distribution of the activated carbon. The optimum conditions for preparing these activated carbons from chars. paralyzed at 600°C to derive the highest specific surface areas were found to be an activation temperature of 750°C for phenol adsorption of KOH for carbon from coconut shells, H3PO4 for oil palm stone and ex-coal mining activator in 850°C. For chemical characterization, AAS and a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to identify the inorganic components and surface organic functional groups of the activated carbons, respectively. For the determination of the adsorptive capacity of the activated carbons, adsorption of phenol was carried out using spectrophotometric analyses. Experimental results showed that phenol and iodine could be adsorbed effectively by the three different activated carbons. The adsorptive capacity of these activated carbons was comparable with those of some commercial activated carbons by using Juan, R-S et al’s model[1]. Keywords: activated carbon, oil palm stone, coconout shell, ex-coal maining, phenol reduction, kinetic adsorption, adsorptive capacity
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Li, Zhen, Yonghong Li, and Jiang Zhu. "Straw-Based Activated Carbon: Optimization of the Preparation Procedure and Performance of Volatile Organic Compounds Adsorption." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 3284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123284.

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Straw is one of the largest agricultural biowastes and a potential alternative precursor of activated carbon. Activated carbon prepared from different types of straw have great differences in structure and adsorption performance. In order to explore the performance of different straw-based activated carbon in volatile organic compounds adsorption, five common straws were selected as potential source materials for the preparation of SAC. The straw-based activated carbons were prepared and characterized via a thermo-gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. Among the five straw-based activated carbons, millet straw-derived activated carbon exhibited superior properties in SBET, Smic and adsorption capacities of both toluene and ethyl acetate. Furthermore, the preparation process of millet straw activated carbon was optimized via response surface methodology, using carbonization temperature, carbonization time and impregnation ratio as variables and toluene adsorption capacity, ethyl acetate adsorption capacity and activated carbon yield as responses. The optimal preparation conditions include a carbonization temperature of 572 °C, carbonization time of 1.56 h and impregnation ratio (ZnCl2/PM, w/w) of 1.60, which was verified experimentally, resulting in millet straw activated carbon with a toluene adsorption capacity of 321.9 mg/g and ethyl acetate adsorption capacity of 240.4 mg/g. Meanwhile, the adsorption isothermals and regeneration performance of millet straw activated carbon prepared under the optimized conditions were evaluated. The descriptive ability of the isothermals via the Redlich–Peterson equation suggests a heterogeneous surface on millet straw activated carbon. Recyclability testing has shown that millet straw activated carbon maintained a stable adsorption capacity throughout the second to fifth cycles. The results of this work indicate that millet straw activated carbon may be a potential volatile organic compound adsorbent for industrial application.
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Farma, Rakhmawati, Ona Lestari, Erman Taer, Apriwandi, Minarni, and Awitdrus Awitdrus. "Removal of Cu, Fe, and Zn from Peat Water by Using Activated Carbon Derived from Oil Palm Leaves." Advanced Materials Research 1162 (April 2021): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1162.65.

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Heavy metal such as Cu, Fe, and Zn are the most serious contributers to environmental problems. The removal of heavy metal from the environment is the research interest nowdays. The adsorption of Cu, Fe and Zn from wastewater was investigated with various activated carbons as adsorbents. The activated carbons were produced from oil palm leaves by using multi-activation methods. The H3PO4, NaOH, ZnCl2 and KOH were chosen as chemical activating agents. Batch adsorption experiment was used to test the ability of activated carbon to remove Cu, Fe, and Zn from wastewater. The surface characteristics of activated carbon were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The Activated carbons were able to purify wastewater with a maximum turbidity level of 2.83 NTU. The AC-H3PO4 activated carbon showed the highest absorbability of Cu metal as 91.540%, while the highest absorbabilities of Zn and Fe metals were indicated by AC-KOH activated carbon of 22.853% and 82.244% absorption respectively. Therefore, these results enable the oil palm leaves to become a high potential for activated carbon as removal the heavy metals.
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Hasbollah, Aisyah Ahmad, Lee Lin Zhi, Shu Hui Tang, Asmadi Ali, Mohd Azizi Che Yunus, and Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini. "Activated Carbons from Shredded Waste Tire for Malachite Green Adsorption." International Journal of Biomass and Renewables 9, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.61762/ijbrvol9iss2art10362.

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This work aimed to evaluate the adsorptive properties of shredded waste tire-based activated carbons prepared through zinc chloride or potassium hydroxide activation. The activated carbons were characterised for specific surface and functional groups, and malachite green was used to probe the removal performance at different dye concentrations and contact times. Potassium hydroxide-activated carbon with a 319 m2/g surface area displayed a higher adsorption capacity of 102 mg/g as compared to zinc chloride-activated carbons for the concentration range studied. The adsorption data obeyed pseudo-second-order model, indicating the chemically driven adsorption. The experimental results show the feasibility of shredded waste tire to be converted into activated carbon for dyes removal.Keywords: Activated carbon, adsorption, chemical activation, malachite green, shredded waste tire
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Argalis, Pauls, Ilze Jerane, Aivars Zhurinsh, and Kristine Vegere. "Assessment of Different Binders for Activated Carbon Granulation for the Use in CO2 Adsorption." Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1086–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0082.

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Abstract An eco-friendly method for the synthesis of granular activated carbon was developed in this study. Two types of activated carbon and three types of activated carbon granules have been obtained using different binders, and their properties have been determined. The approach requires adding other binders and waste materials to improve the granulation of activated carbon. Activated carbon was prepared from birch wood chips. Prepared carbon was granulated with a) gas generator tar, b) phenol-formaldehyde resin, and c) polyvinyl acetate to obtain granular activated carbon. This work aims to study the possibilities of using activated carbon adsorbents for CO2 adsorption. The activated carbon produced was characterized by BET, FTIR, and SEM. The adsorption behavior on CO2 was also studied. Granular activated carbons compression strength was enough to study it in an adsorption bed, and an optimal binder was to be phenol-formaldehyde resin and polyvinyl acetate. The obtained results show that activated carbon granules are suitable for CO2 adsorption and can be used, for example, for the removal of CO2 in the biogas upgrading process. As the sustainability problems are increasing, granules from waste materials could be promising materials for further studies.
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Saha, Bidyut Baran, Skander Jribi, Shigeru Koyama, and Ibrahim I. El-Sharkawy. "Carbon Dioxide Adsorption Isotherms on Activated Carbons." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 56, no. 5 (May 12, 2011): 1974–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je100973t.

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Mopoung, Sumrit, Russamee Sitthikhankaew, and Nantikan Mingmoon. "Preparation of Anode Material for Lithium Battery from Activated Carbon." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 1 (October 21, 2020): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.32997.

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This research study describes the preparation of corncob derivedactivated carbon to be used as anodematerial for the preparation of lithium ion battery.The corncob was activated at 900 °C for 3 hours with KOH used in a 1:3 weight ratio.The final product was analyzed for chemical, physical, and electrical properties.The results show that the activated carbon is amorphous and contains some graphitic carbon with interconnected nano-channels. Furthermore,carboxyl functional groups were detected on the surface of the activated carbon product.The observed morphological characteristics in terms of surface area, total pore volume, micropore volume, and average pore size are 1367.4501 m²/g, 0.478390 cm³/g, 0.270916 cm³/g, and 2.10872 nm, respectively.In addition, the product also exhibits low electrical resistance in the range 0.706W-1.071W.Finally, the specific discharge capacities at the 1st and the 2nd cycles of the corncob derived activated carbon anode material were 488.67mA h/g and 241.45 mA h/g, respectively with an average of about 225 Ah/kg between the 3rd cycle and the 5th cycle. The averagespecific charge capacities/specific discharge capacities at increasing charging rate of 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C, 2C, and 5C were approximated 190 mAh/g, 155 mAh/g, 135 mAh/g, 120 mAh/g, and 75 mAh/g, respectively, with 100%Coulombic efficiency in all 5 cycles.It was shown that the corncob derived activated carbon anode material has a relatively high rate capability, high reversibility, and rapid and stable capacity when compared to the general of biomass-derived carbon
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Kwarciak-Kozłowska, Anna, Magdalena Madeła, and Magdalena Wrońska. "Post-treatment of coke wastewater on activated carbons." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400088.

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The aim of this research was to determine the effect the ozonation and sonification processes for post-treatment of coke wastewaters using activated carbons. The tests were carried out in three systems ie. I-AC (activated carbon), II-O3+AC (ozonation + activated carbon) and III-US+AC (ultrasound + activated carbon). In the experiment were used a three types of activated carbons: WG-12, ROW 08 Supra and Picabiol. The sorption process was carried out in static conditions at contact for 24h time of the wastewater with activated carbons. Coke wastewater was oxidized through ozonation at a constant ozone dose of 10 mg/dm3. Sonication of coke wastewater was conducted at vibration amplitude was 61.5 μm, with sonication time of 8 min. Results of removing of COD were estimated on the base of sorption capacity and COD removal efficiency. The second system was the most effective (O3+AC) for carbons WG-12 and ROW 08 Supra, whereas in the case of carbon Picabiol, the best efficiency was found for system I (AC). The lowest efficiency of removal of COD from coke wastewater was the systems III (US+AC) for all three activated carbons.
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Selvanathan, N., N. S. Subki, and M. A. Sulaiman. "Dye Adsorbent by Activated Carbon." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 3, no. 1 (July 18, 2021): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v3i1.552.

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Dyes are used extensively in many industries making the research on color production more important. Despite that, dyes are important class of pollutant in which it is disposed in water resources and causes major environmental problems due to toxicity and carcinogenic property of dye. However, the disposed dye into the environment can be treated by several alternatives. In this study, activated carbon derived from pineapple crown, core and peel were prepared by chemical activation using phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Laboratory prepared activated carbons were used to identify the suitability of its application to adsord methylene blue and malachite green. The results indicated that the activated carbon derived from pineapple crown shows maximum adsorption of methylene blue (38.6%) and malachite green. This study shows a benefit of transforming agriculture waste to value added product and also helps to solve over abundance pineapple waste problem.
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Samaras, Peter, Evan Diamadopoulos, and George P. Sakellaropoulos. "Relationship between the Activated Carbon Surface Area and Adsorption Model Coefficients for Removal of Phenol from Water." Water Quality Research Journal 30, no. 2 (May 1, 1995): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1995.030.

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Abstract The present study investigated the relationship between the activated carbon surface area, as measured by the BET nitrogen adsorption method, and its adsorptive capacity. Aqueous solutions of phenol at pH 7 were used. The activated carbons were produced in the laboratory from raw and demineralized lignite. Adsorption experiments took place under equilibrium or kinetic conditions and the results were simulated by mathematical modelling. Freundlich and Langmuir models were used to describe equilibrium, while the Peel-Benedek non-equilibrium model was applied for the kinetic study. The results showed that for activated carbons produced from different starting materials, the adsorptive capacities could not be solely explained by their BET surface area. While laboratory-made activated carbons with a surface area of 300 m2/g demonstrated similar capacities under equilibrium, their kinetic behaviour was different. Activated carbon produced from raw lignite showed faster kinetics, due to wider porosity, which was facilitated by the mineral matter during activation. These results were in agreement with the mass transfer coefficients in macropores and micropores estimated by the Peel-Benedek model. Comparison of a laboratory-made activated carbon, with a surface area of 500m2/g, with a commercial activated carbon having twice the surface area showed that the maximum adsorptive capacity under equilibrium of the commercial carbon was only 35% higher than that of the lab-made carbon. Yet, the mass transfer coefficients of the commercial carbon were one to two orders of magnitude higher than those of the laboratory-produced carbon. Finally, the use of the qualitative D-R plots has been suggested to elucidate the porous structure of the activated carbons.
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Paredes-Doig, AL, A. Pinedo-Flores, J. Aylas-Orejón, D. Obregón-Valencia, and MR Sun Kou. "The interaction of metallic ions onto activated carbon surface using computational chemistry software." Adsorption Science & Technology 38, no. 5-6 (May 5, 2020): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263617420919234.

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Activated carbon was prepared from the seeds of aguaje palm ( Mauritia flexuosa L.f.) by a chemical activation with phosphoric acid. This activated carbon was used for adsorbing metal ions: Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cr(III). To understand the mechanism of adsorption of these heavy metals (Cr, Cd, and Pb), the activated carbon surface was oxidized with nitric acid (1 M) increasing the oxygenated surface groups showing an increasing in their adsorption capacities of these metals. The oxidized activated carbon slightly increased the maximum adsorption capacity to 5–7%. The order of adsorption for unoxidized and oxidized activated carbons was Pb> Cd> Cr. This experimental information was corroborated by molecular modeling program Hyperchem 8 based adsorption mainly on two factors: the electron density and orbitals—highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital.Activated carbons were characterized by adsorption/desorption of N2, obtaining an increase of microporous surface area for oxidized activated carbon. An increase of surface acidity and a reduction of isoelectric points were observed in oxidized activated carbon. According to these results, the adsorption of metal ions is favored in contact with an oxidized activated carbon, which has more amount of phenolic and carboxylic functional groups. Similarly, decreasing the isoelectric point indicates that the surface has a higher negative charge. The surface information was corroborated by Hyperchem, which indicates that the surface of the oxidized activated carbon has a higher electron density, indicating a larger amount of electrons on its surface, which means the surface of oxidized activated carbon charges negatively and thereby attracts metal ions.
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HEMANTHSIVA M S, SIVASANKARAPANDI N, PRADEEPRAJA S, MUGESHRAAJ V, MR. R.GOWRISHANKAR, and MS.S.GOWSALYA. "Adsorption Studies Of An Activated Carbon (Prosopis Juliflora) To Remove Dye." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, no. 3 (2023): 396–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i03.050.

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This study explored the effect of activated carbon preparation conditions on their adsorption performance. Activated carbon prepared from Wood chips of Prosopis juliflora has been utilized as the adsorbent for the removal of Eriochrome Black T from an aqueous solution. Prosopis juliflora was used as source material to prepare activated carbon by pyrolysis process using H3PO4 activation. The adsorption properties were evaluated by IDOINE NUMBER. The effects of various H3PO4 impregnation ratios, temperature and time on physical characteristics of the activated carbon were investigated. The Characterization of produced activated carbon will be determined by SEM analysis. The best activated carbons were obtained at a temperature of 300◦C with the impregnation ratio 1:2, In which the value of Iodine number is 917.12 mg/g which infers that it has high Micro Pores when compared to others ratios. Prosopis juliflora based activated carbon could be employed as a low cost alternative to commercial activated carbon in the removal of Eriochrome Black T dye from wastewater.
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Qian, Tian Cai, Jun Li Wang, and Shao Hua Wang. "Research on the Thermodynamics of Benzene in Activated Carbon Regenerated by Spent Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.119.

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The adsorption of High volatile harmful Gas benzene onto the of activated carbons regenerated by spent catalyst was studied. The adsorption isotherms of benzene in the activated carbon at temperatures of 20, 30，35°C was measured, and the experimental data were analyzed theoretically by Langmuir isotherm. Avery adsorption heat (△H), free energy (△G) and entropy(△S) of benzene at different adsorption quantity in the activated carbon were calculated. The microstructure of activated carbon to the adsorption of benzene impact of factors was analyzed, the results showed that the regeneration activated carbon had excellent performance capacity of benzene under the same condition the maximum adsorption amount of other properties similar to activated carbon was much higher.
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38

Sairan, Nur Sabiha, Noor Syuhadah Subki, and Nik Raihan Nik Yusoff. "Removal of Pb(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) using activated carbon produced from foxtail palm fruit chemically activated by KOH and H3PO4." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 7, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v7i1.501.

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The increasing rate of urbanization and continuous developments are the main factor which led to heavy metals contamination into the environment especially in the water bodies. However, the contamination of heavy metal can be treated using adsorption process using activated carbon. Thus, this study was based on using powdered activated carbon, which prepared from foxtail palm fruit and chemically activated using potassium hydroxide and phosphoric acid. The main parameters such as effect of chemical activating agent, effect of initial concentration of heavy metal and effect of sorbent dosage that influenced the sorption process were studied. From the result, activated carbon that was chemically activated by phosphoric acid shown the best removal compared to activated carbon that was chemically activated by potassium hydroxide. The percentage removal of Pb(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) were 95.8%, 99.9% and 22.8% respectively using 0.5 g of activate carbon. The result indicates that the adsorption process using activated carbon that produced from plant can be applied for heavy metal removal from aqueous solution.
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39

Nguyen, C., A. Ahmadpour, and D. D. Do. "Effects of Gasifying Agents on the Characterization of Nut Shell-derived Activated Carbon." Adsorption Science & Technology 12, no. 3 (September 1995): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749501200309.

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Activated carbon was prepared from nut shells using a conventional two-stage method: carbonization followed by activation. Activation with steam or carbon dioxide as activating agent produced a range of chars of different burn-off. These were characterized for their total and micropore surface areas, and benzene adsorption capacity. Benzene adsorption measurement provided an insight into the effect of porosity development on the adsorptive properties of the adsorbent. It was found that activated carbon products from nut shells were comparable, in terms of adsorption characteristics, with activated carbons from other lignocellulosic precursors. The evolution of porosity of the resulting carbons shows that carbon dioxide is the preferable agent for the production of activated carbon with a narrow micropore size distribution.
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40

Guo, Jia, Yu Qiong Guan, Xing Wang, Chao Sun, and Ye Luo. "Mesoporous Activated Carbon Prepared from Bamboo by One-Step CO2 Activation Used for Puerarin Separation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.33.

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The feasibility of preparing mesoporous activated carbons from bamboo, a fast growing plant in some Asian countries, particularly in China, was investigated. The effects of activation conditions, namely, activation temperature and retention time, on the characteristics of the activated carbons, i.e., specific surface area, pore size distribution and surface chemistry, were studied. The separation performance for Puerarin using the prepared bamboo activated carbon was compared to other adsorbents which included a commercial activated carbon and a macroporous resin. The experimental results showed that it was feasible to prepare mesoporous activated carbon from bamboo and to use it instead of the expensive resins presently used for Puerarin separation.
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41

Singh, Geeta. "Analysis of Filtration Efficiency of Activated Carbon Coated Sand Beds." Journal of Advanced Research in Alternative Energy, Environment and Ecology 05, no. 04 (December 21, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.3093.201801.

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42

Doğan, E. E., P. Tokcan, and B. K. Kizilduman. "Storage of Hydrogen in Activated Carbons and Carbon Nanotubes." Advances in Materials Science 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/adms-2017-0045.

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AbstractActivated carbons and carbon nanotube were synthesized with chemical and microwave processes of olive leaf in media with and without ultrasonic waves, and chemical vapor deposition method, respectively. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, calorimetry, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller method, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray, and zetasizer nano S90 instruments. The activated carbon synthesized in the ultrasonic bath had a higher surface area. The hydrogen adsorption capacity of carbon structures including activated carbons and carbon nanotube was measured as a function of pressure at 77 K. The hydrogen storage capacity of the carbon nanotube is 300% and 265% higher than the hydrogen storage capacity of activated carbons synthesized in medium without and with ultrasonic waves, respectively. Results showed the correlation between hydrogen storage capacity and specific surface area. The highest H2 storage value was obtained with carbon nanotube at 77 K. As a result, activated carbon and carbon nanotube can be used in hydrogen storage and therefore, the olive leaf can be converted into a high added value product in the energy field.
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Youssef, A. M., M. R. Mostafa, and E. M. Dorgham. "Coal-Based Activated Carbons for the Removal of Sulphur Dioxide via Adsorption." Adsorption Science & Technology 15, no. 10 (November 1997): 803–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749701501006.

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Zinc chloride-activated carbons and steam-activated carbons were prepared from Maghara coal. The textural properties were determined from low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. Zinc chloride activation is usually associated with the creation of new micropores while steam activation involves pore widening particularly when the percentage burn-off is high. The adsorption of SO2 on steam-activated carbon is high compared with ZnCl2-activated carbons. Steam activation develops surface basic groups which provide chemisorption sites for SO2. The adsorption of SO2 is enhanced in the presence of O2 and water vapour and involves the formation of sulphuric acid in this case. Sulphur dioxide adsorption is related to the chemistry of the carbon surface rather than to the extent of the surface area of the activated carbon.
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44

Mavrov, V., I. Dobrevski, V. Peneva, S. Rashkov, and N. Stathopoulos. "Treatment of Wastewater Containing Oil." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0016.

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The possibilities for treatment of a wastewater containing 120 - 170 mg/l of oil, with a COD of 190 - 312 mg O2/l and a pH of 7 - 7.6, were studied. A treatment process consisting of coagulation and adsorption was investigated. The effectiveness of coagulation using aluminium sulphate, ferric chloride, and aluminium chloride, was examined, and for the adsorption process, three activated carbons (A, B, and C) were considered. Carbons A and B were new types of activated carbon based on different pyrolysed brown coals, and carbon C was a commercial activated carbon. It was established that the optimum results were achieved by coagulation with 140 mg/l aluminium chloride (Al2(OH)5Cl), which produced a treated effluent with an oil content of 11 - 12 mg/l, followed by adsorption using activated carbon A, which gave a treated effluent with an oil content below 2 mg/l. Carbon. A could treat up to 2200 bed volumes of water before regeneration of the activated carbon was necessary.
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45

El-Nabarawy, Th, M. R. Mostafa, and A. M. Youssef. "Activated Carbons Tailored to Remove Different Pollutants from Gas Streams and from Solution." Adsorption Science & Technology 15, no. 1 (February 1997): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749701500106.

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Non-activated carbon ‘A’, physically-activated carbons P1–P4, zinc chloride-activated carbons Z1–Z4 and potassium sulphide-activated carbons K1–K4 were prepared from Maghara coal (Sinai, Egypt). The surface areas of these carbons were determined by investigating the adsorption of carbon dioxide at 298 K and of nitrogen at 77 K. The decolourization powers of the carbons were determined from methylene blue adsorption at 308 K. The adsorption of methanol, benzene, n-hexane, n-octane and α-pinene at 308 K was also determined using equilibrium and flow techniques. The removal of ammonia and phenol from water was investigated on some selected samples. The activated carbons showed high capacities towards the removal of organic pollutants from water and from gas streams via adsorption. Their capacity towards a particular pollutant depends on the method of activation and is related to the textural and/or the chemistry of the carbon surface.
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46

Jadhav, Abhijit, and Govindraj Mohanraj. "Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Cocos Nucifera Leaves Agrowaste by Chemical Activation Method." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 10, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht10.02.201.

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Activated carbon from Cocos nucifera leaves agrowaste was derived. The effect of impregnation ratio was studied by chemical activation method using phosphoric acid as an activating agent. Activated carbon was produced at the activation temperature of 673 K by slow pyrolysis. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms study was performed. Effect of impregnation ratio on the yield, methylene blue number, iodine number, and acid adsorption was studied. The FT-IR spectra show the presence of activated carbon. The TGA investigation reveals that activated carbon is thermally stable at 723 K. The SEM images show the incorporation of activated carbon particles which lead to the systematic change in the morphology of activated carbon. Surface chemistry study predicts the acidic and basic functional groups of Cocos nucifera leaves activated carbon.
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47

Figueroa Campos, Gustavo A., Jeffrey Paulo H. Perez, Inga Block, Sorel Tchewonpi Sagu, Pedro Saravia Celis, Andreas Taubert, and Harshadrai M. Rawel. "Preparation of Activated Carbons from Spent Coffee Grounds and Coffee Parchment and Assessment of Their Adsorbent Efficiency." Processes 9, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081396.

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The valorization of coffee wastes through modification to activated carbon has been considered as a low-cost adsorbent with prospective to compete with commercial carbons. So far, very few studies have referred to the valorization of coffee parchment into activated carbon. Moreover, low-cost and efficient activation methods need to be more investigated. The aim of this work was to prepare activated carbon from spent coffee grounds and parchment, and to assess their adsorption performance. The co-calcination processing with calcium carbonate was used to prepare the activated carbons, and their adsorption capacity for organic acids, phenolic compounds and proteins was evaluated. Both spent coffee grounds and parchment showed yields after the calcination and washing treatments of around 9.0%. The adsorption of lactic acid was found to be optimal at pH 2. The maximum adsorption capacity of lactic acid with standard commercial granular activated carbon was 73.78 mg/g, while the values of 32.33 and 14.73 mg/g were registered for the parchment and spent coffee grounds activated carbons, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm showed that lactic acid was adsorbed as a monolayer and distributed homogeneously on the surface. Around 50% of total phenols and protein content from coffee wastewater were adsorbed after treatment with the prepared activated carbons, while 44, 43, and up to 84% of hydrophobic compounds were removed using parchment, spent coffee grounds and commercial activated carbon, respectively; the adsorption efficiencies of hydrophilic compounds ranged between 13 and 48%. Finally, these results illustrate the potential valorization of coffee by-products parchment and spent coffee grounds into activated carbon and their use as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of organic compounds from aqueous solutions.
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Santoro, Danilo, Vincent de Jong, and Robert Louw. "Hydrodehalogenation of chlorobenzene on activated carbon and activated carbon supported catalysts." Chemosphere 50, no. 9 (March 2003): 1255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00579-9.

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49

Saeidi, Navid, and Mohammad Nader Lotfollahi. "A procedure to form powder activated carbon into activated carbon monolith." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 81, no. 5-8 (May 20, 2015): 1281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7311-z.

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50

Altintig, Esra, and Gulnur Arabaci. "Adsorption of methylene blue onto activated carbon and silver activated carbon." New Biotechnology 29 (September 2012): S177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2012.08.495.

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