Relevant bibliographies by topics / Carbon charcoal

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Academic literature on the topic 'Carbon charcoal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Carbon charcoal"

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Yordsri, Visittapong, Chanchana Thanachayanont, Chabaiporn Junin, et al. "Characterization of Bamboo Charcoal Prepared Using Oil Barrel Kiln." Solid State Phenomena 283 (September 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.283.1.

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Charcoal consists mostly of carbon materials prepared by carbonization, i.e., traditionally by pyrolysis [1,2] of wood pieces in a kiln. At a high enough temperature and an absence of oxygen [3], high-quality charcoal with low resistance can be produced. A possible application of the low-resistivity charcoal is as an electrode material for electrochemical devices. In this research, bamboo waste was used to produce low-resistance bamboo charcoal. During heating, the temperature gradually increased up to 700°C, was kept approximately constant overnight, and was left to cool down to room temperature. Then, the charcoal bamboo pieces were obtained. A rough temperature-resistivity map was constructed. The bamboo charcoals were divided into 3 resistivity ranges, namely, 20, 100 and 1000 ohm.cm-1. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and microEDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), were conducted for charcoal morphology and spectroscopic characterization [4-6]. The morphological results from SEM did not show any significant differences among bamboo charcoals with different resistivity. DF-STEM and EDS-STEM mapping revealed impurities inside the bamboo charcoal. Elemental analysis of micro areas showed weight percentage of carbon and other impurities in the bamboo charcoals. The 20 ohm.cm-1 bamboo charcoal was the best among all resistivity studied in terms of purity and main carbon structure. Decreasing the impurity content was found to be one of the essential parameters to obtain low resistivity bamboo charcoal. It was concluded that improving the stability and condition of the burning process in the conventional kiln was necessary in order to get a high yield of low resistance bamboo charcoals.
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Tilston, Emma L., Philippa L. Ascough, Mark H. Garnett, and Michael I. Bird. "Quantifying Charcoal Degradation and Negative Priming of Soil Organic Matter with a 14C-Dead Tracer." Radiocarbon 58, no. 4 (2016): 905–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.45.

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AbstractConverting biomass to charcoal produces physical and chemical changes greatly increasing environmental recalcitrance, leading to great interest in the potential of this carbon form as a long-term sequestration strategy for climate change mitigation. Uncertainty remains, however, over the timescale of charcoal’s environmental stability, with estimates varying from decadal to millennial scales. Uncertainty also remains over charcoal’s effect on other aspects of carbon biogeochemical cycling and allied nutrient cycles such as nitrogen. Radiocarbon is a powerful tool to investigate charcoal mineralization due to its sensitivity; here we report the results of a study using 14C-dead charcoal (pMC=0.137±0.002) in organic-rich soil (pMC=99.76±0.46), assessing charcoal degradation over 55 days of incubation. Using this method, we discriminated between decomposition of indigenous soil organic matter (SOM) and charcoal by microorganisms. SOM was the major source of carbon respired from the soil, but there was also a contribution from charcoal carbon mineralization. This contribution was 2.1 and 1.1% on days 27 and 55, respectively. We also observed a negative priming effect due to charcoal additions to soil, where SOM mineralization was repressed by up to 14.1%, presumably arising from physico-chemical interactions between soil and charcoal.
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Loppies, Justus Elisa. "KARAKTERISTIK ARANG KULIT BUAH KAKAO YANG DIHASILKAN DARI BERBAGAI KONDISI PIROLISIS." Jurnal Industri Hasil Perkebunan 11, no. 2 (2016): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33104/jihp.v11i2.3417.

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characteristics are determined by main components of the constituent materials, techniques, and pyrolysisconditions. This study aims to determine the characteristics of cocoa pod husk charcoal. The method usedto produce charcoal is carbonization (pyrolysis) process on various conditions. The observed parameterswere temperature and duration of pyrolysis process which is adjusted to obtain charcoal’s maximumquality. Determining parameters of charcoal’s characteristics is caloric value, fixed carbon, volatile, watercontent, and ash. The research shows that to obtain high quality charcoal, 4 – 5 kg cocoa pod husk isprocessed in 350oC during 2 hours. The charcoal’s quality and characteristics processed in 350oC gainoptimum caloric value 6,500 – 7,600 kcal/kg, total carbon 42.57 – 45.53%, volatile matter 30.14 – 32.98%,ash content 16.21 – 16.22%, and water content 6.25 – 8.44%.Keywords: charcoal, characteristics, cocoa pod husks, pyrolysis
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TALLUR, PREETI N., VINAYAK M. NAIK, PRAGASAM ANTONY, and VIPUL V. NAIK. "Characteristic evaluation of adsorption efficiency of activated wood charcoals in adsorbing acetic acid." Journal of Ultra Chemistry 16, no. 6 (2020): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22147/juc/160602.

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Activated wood charcoal (Carbonized) acts as an excellent adsorbent and it finds wide applications. The present study was carried on four different activated wood charcoals Salix (Sac), Pinus (Pac), Anacardium occidentale (AOac) and Calophyllum inophyllum (CIac) found in Karwar district, Karnataka, India. The activated charcoal was prepared by carbonizing in a muffle-furnace at 800 0 C and the yield of carbonized carbon was about 50%. SEM morphology and EDX spectrum indicates the homogeneity and purity of the activated wood charcoals containing 65-86% carbon to that of commercial charcoal (89% C) and hydrogen is absent. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms are well-correlated and verified. The regressive coefficient (R2 ) of isotherms recorded a higher value above 0.92 which proves the homogeneous and even adsorption phenomenon by the activated wood charcoals. Sac and AOac recorded highest percentage of removal of acetic acid of about 40-60% and 20-26% with Cac (20-25%) where Pac and CIac recorded 17-23% which is relatively near to the commercially activated charcoal(Cac). On comparison of relative percentage of removal of acetic by activated wood charcoals with commercial charcoal, the activated wood charcoals serve as an efficient adsorbent for acetic acid. The cost and availability of the wood is cheaper.
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Ridjayanti, Siti Mutiara, Rahmi Adi Bazenet, Irwan Sukri Banuwa, Melya Riniarti, and Wahyu Hidayat. "KARAKTERISTIK ARANG KAYU KARET (HEVEA BRASILIENSIS) YANG DIPRODUKSI MENGGUNAKAN DUA TIPE TUNGKU PIROLISIS." Jurnal Belantara 6, no. 1 (2023): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbl.v6i1.815.

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As the largest natural rubber producing country after Thailand, Indonesia has an immense potential of rubberwood sources. Rubberwood waste is suitable for raw materials to produce charcoal through pyrolysis method, providing more value-added. Kilns used in the pyrolysis process are diverse. The different kiln used will affect the characteristics of the charcoal produced. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of rubberwood charcoal produced using box-type kiln and dome-type kiln. The characteristics analyzed were charcoal yield, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon. The results showed dome and box-type kilns produced charcoals with different characteristics. Char yield of charcoal produced using box and dome-type kilns was 15.82% and 14.21%. Charcoal produced using box-type kiln has a moisture content of 4.51%, ash content of 3.06%, volatile matter of 18.10%, and fixed carbon of 74.33%, while charcoal produced using dome-type kiln has a moisture content of 6.16%, ash content 2.52%, volatile matter of 6.26%, and fixed carbon of 85.06%. The charcoal characteristics met the SNI 01-1683-1989 standard, except for the moisture content of charcoal produced using dome-type kiln.
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Lee, Kiseon, Seung-Kon Ryu, Hong-Gun Kim, Lee-Ku Kwac, and Young-Soon Kim. "Comparative Analysis of Graphitization Characteristics in Bamboo and Oak Charcoals for Secondary Battery Anodes." Crystals 14, no. 11 (2024): 914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14110914.

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When compared to natural graphite, artificial graphite has advantages such a longer cycle life, faster charging rates, and better performance. However, the process of producing it, which frequently uses coal, raises questions about the impact on the environment and the depletion of resources. Eco-friendly, wood-based graphite must be developed in order to solve these problems. This study assessed and investigated the characteristics of charcoals derived from bamboo and oak which were utilized to produce graphite. After heating to 1500 °C at 10 K/min, 86.87 wt% of oak charcoal and 88.33 wt% of bamboo charcoal remained, indicating a yield of more than 85% when charcoal was graphitized. Depending on the species of wood, different-sized pores showed different shapes as the graphitization process advanced, as revealed by SEM surface analyses. The carbon atoms seen in the XRD crystal development changed into graphite crystals when heated to 2400 °C, and the isotropic peaks vanished. Bamboo charcoal has a higher degree of crystallinity than other wood-based charcoals, such as oak charcoal, which is made up of turbostratic graphite, according to Raman spectroscopic research. Lithium-ion batteries employ bamboo charcoal as their anode material. At this point, the values for soft carbon were determined to be 196 mAh/g and for hard carbon to be 168 mAh/g at a current density of 0.02 A/g.
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Gupta, Prem Kumari. "Effect of temperature and surface area on adsorption of chlorine on different adsorbent carbons." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 4, no. 2 (2012): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v4i2.265.

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Chlorine is used in several ways in industry. In such situations, where residual chlorine persists as pollutant, Activated carbons like animal charcoal, carbon black and coconut charcoal can serve as agents to remove residual pollutant “chlorine” by the process of adsorption. Five samples of Carbon black, six samples of active Carbons and two samples of charcoals were treated with a stream of chlorine @0.4 litre/hour at temperature varying from 300 to 1200 C. Chlorine is adsorbed partially physically and partially chemically. Percentage of the chemisorbed increases with rise in the temperature. Maximum percentages of chemisorptions occur at 1200 C while the maximum uptake, physical as well as chemical, takes place at 300 C, which was the lowest temperature. It is seen that activated carbon, carbon blacks and charcoal differ markedly by in their total chlorine uptake at 300 C. Activated carbons associated with high surface were seen to take up maximum chlorine. Fall in surface area is more in active carbons as compared to carbon black due to greater adsorption of chlorine. This probably shows that micro porous carbons are better adsorbent for chlorine adsorption. The unsaturated sites also play far dominant role and provide centres where the adsorption takes place predominantly. Uptake of chlorine is enhanced on evacuating the carbon samples at 6000 C and 10000 C. This is due to the creation of more unsaturated sites. Process of adsorption cum chemisorption takes place through different kinetic stages with different energetics. The activation energies keep on increasing with increasing amounts of chemisorption.
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Salim, Rais. "Karakteristik dan Mutu Arang Kayu Jati (Tectona grandis) dengan Sistem Pengarangan Campuran pada Metode Tungku Drum (The Quality and Characteristics of Teak (Tectona grandis) Charcoal Made by Mixed Carbonisation in Drum Kiln)." Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan 8, no. 2 (2016): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24111/jrihh.v8i2.2113.

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Charcoal was the residue of the decomposition of wood from heating process whereas the chemical component was carbon. One of the charcoal production methods used was a kiln drum with carbonisation mixed system. This research aimed to identify and analyse the quality of teak wood charcoal made by carbonisation mixed system with the addition of sawdust teak using kiln drum method. Teak wood pieced in 5-10 cm diameter were charred by the addition of sawdust (70:30) to maintain the temperature process ranged between 4000C and 4500C. The parameters that were observed were yield, water content, volatile substance content, ash content, bonded carbon content, the percentage of charcoal that retained at 6.35 cm sieve and that passed the 3.18 cm sieve, calorific value, density and color. The results were then analyzed descriptively and been compared to the SNI 01-1683-1989. The yield of teak charcoal in this experiment was 21.3%, while water, volatile substance and ash content were 3.93%, 16.57%, and 3.25%, respectively. The percentage of charcoal retained at 6.35 cm sieve was 88,68%, and the ones passed 3.18 cm sieve was 1, 96%. The charcoal’s bonded carbon content was 80.18%, it’s calorific value was 7141 cal / g; and the color was black.Keywords: carbon, sawdust, carbonization temperatures
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Ambarwati, Yuni. "Utilization of Cassava Rods Waste as Active Charcoal and The Effect of HCl Activator and Activation Time on Active Charcoal." Tekmapro : Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management 14, no. 2 (2019): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/tekmapro.v14i2.122.

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Some research proved that activated carbon could be made from organic materials or anorganic material with very high carbon content. The exist research of activated carbon from coconut shell, bagasse, cassava peel. In fact, there are a lot of material can be used as raw material, like cassava rods wastebecause the amount is very abundant and has not been widely used. This research aims toreceive the right conditionsin the manufacture of activated charcoal from cassava stem wastewith variations in concentration and time of activationwith chemical activation methodsusing a hydrochloric acid activatorto obtain activated charcoal products that fulfill the standards. Making activated charcoal begins withdehydrate the stem in the sun for around 2 days. The second is make cassava charcoal by installing a series of clinker drum cassava stems. The third is charcoal stem activationwith the size 100 mesh, mix charcoal with Hydrochloric Acidinto erlenmeyerwith concentration 1,5N; 2N; 2,5N; 3N; and 3,5Nthen stir with Heating Magnetic Stirrer, 105 ºC, during 2,5 hours, 3 hours, 3,5 hours, 4 hours, 4,5 hours. The results obtained by the best active charcoalat concentration3 Nwith activation time 4,5 hours, ash content 0.8%, andabsorption of iodine 399,67 mg/g.
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Adekunle, Adebola A., Ayokunle O. Familusi, Adedayo A. Badejo, Olayemi J. Adeosun, and Suhaib A. Arogundade. "Characterisation of activated charcoal, sawdust charcoal and rice husk charcoal as adsorbents in water treatment." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 14, no. 2 (2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2020.2.19-25.

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This study is an investigation into the characterization of commercial activated charcoal, sawdust charcoal and rice husk charcoal as adsorbents for water treatment. The ground rice husk and waste sawdust collected, were sieved to obtain a nominal size of 1mm, washed and oven-dried for 12hours. The two materials were pyrolysized in a furnace for 30minutes, and the chars produced were later air-dried. The three charcoals (sawdust charcoal, rice husk charcoal, and the activated charcoal purchased from the market) were all subjected to X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis in order to characterize the filter materials. The SEM analysis showed that the three materials developed more pores, which is a property of an adsorbent. Likewise, the XRF and EDX analyses confirm that all the three adsorbents possess larger proportion of Silica, Carbon and Oxygen.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbon charcoal"

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Mugford, Ian T. "Long-term carbon sequestration by charcoal in European soils." Thesis, Swansea University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678619.

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This thesis compares 23 anthropogenic charcoal deposits to 19 corresponding control sites, along a European climatic gradient from Temperate Maritime (South Wales) to Mediterranean (southern Italy) environments.
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Russell, Scott H. "Development of a carbon neutral process for producing renewable charcoal." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49843/.

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This thesis investigates the process conditions, charcoal composition and biomass sources for process development of BBQ charcoal briquette production. This aim has been achieved by three areas of investigation: 1. Experimental pyrolysis at lab and pilot scale, with the aim of determining optimal process conditions and if addition of low cost catalyst material is beneficial to slow pyrolysis. 2. BBQ charcoal combustion and modelling of the fire temperature history to determine the pyrolysis conditions and allowable concentrations of non-charcoal additive important to the final charcoal briquette. 3. Techno-economic and carbon analysis (TEA) of the various options for by-product utilisations and determination of important process conditions. The novel findings from the experimental and modelling studies add to the literature on catalytic slow pyrolysis and lump char combustion, whilst applying these concepts to present optimal process flows and conditions for BBQ charcoal production. 1. The addition of low cost acidic and basic catalyst such as bentonite clay or dolomite to the slow pyrolysis of biomass can significantly increase the charcoal yield, and significantly improve the process economics. This also improves the quality of by-product liquid, high in low molecular weight phenolic compounds. 2. Lump charcoal combustion in a grate burner can be simulated by applying the analogy of a two first order chemical reactions in series model to the temperature profile of a simple combustion experiment. The model only requires proximate analysis of the charcoal briquette, and is valid up to briquette mixtures containing 30% inert or raw biomass additive. 3. Temperatures, around 450°C, are required. Lower temperature increases charcoal yield and therefore process economics and this is not too low to produce poor quality charcoal. 4. Processes either A) utilising the gas and liquid by-products in a combined heat and power engine or B) recovering the chemical stream as phenolic oils and using the gas stream to produce heat are the most economic and carbon efficient outcomes. 5. Addition of clay minerals are key to the economic success of both processes by increasing charcoal yield and producing better quality oil high in low molecular weight phenolic compounds.
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Quirino, Torres Leopoldo Leonardo. "Radon adsorption on activated charcoal in the presence of indoor pollutants /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901272.

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Hayes, Katherine. "Fire History and Soil Carbon in Old Growth Coast Redwood Forests across the Late Holocene." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23746.

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Fire is an important ecological feature across temperate forests, yet characteristics of the coast redwood fire regime remain uncertain due to generally few fire histories. This study examines legacies of fire in redwood forests in northern California through radiocarbon dating and quantification of soil macro-charcoal, soil carbon and pyrogenic carbon in old growth redwood stands. We sampled soils in the Headwaters Forest Reserve, a protected fragment of old growth redwood in Humboldt County, California. Radiocarbon dates from macro-charcoal indicate fire events occurring a maximum of 6,840 calibrated years BP, predating existing records. Composite 14C dates show increased fire activity within the last 1,000 years in synchrony with existing dendrochronological records. Soil C averaged 928 g/m2, of which a high proportion was pyrogenic C (15-30%). Information from this multi-proxy reconstruction clarifies our understanding of the nature of coast redwood fires, contributing to ongoing discussions of coast redwood fire management.
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Bourke, Jared. "Preparation and Properties of Natural, Demineralized, Pure, and Doped Carbons from Biomass; Model of the Chemical Structure of Carbonized Charcoal." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2330.

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Pioneering work performed by Rosalind Franklin over half a century ago provided the first structural models of two distinct carbon types: those that become graphitic during carbonization at high temperatures, and those that do not. Moreover it is known that certain properties of carbonaceous materials including combustion, surface area, electrical resistivity, and catalytic properties are influenced by mineral impurities. The nature of this division in biocarbon structure and the known effects of minerals on carbon properties have led to this work; three principal topics were addressed; (1) the investigation of the solid state structure of biocarbons derived from various biomass feedstocks, (2) the removal of inorganic minerals from biomass, and (3) the investigation of biocarbon electronic structure subsequent to doping with select inorganic minerals. Charcoals and carbonized charcoals (i.e. biocarbons) were prepared from a wide variety of biomass substrates, including pure sugars containing 5- and 6-membered rings with furanose and pyranose configurations, lignin, agricultural residues (corncob and nut shells) and a hard wood. These biocarbons were subject to proximate and elemental analysis, gas sorption analysis, and analysis by ICP-MS, SEM, XRD, ESR, 13C CPMAS NMR, and MALDI-TOF MS. All the carbonized charcoals contained oxygen heteroatoms, had high surface areas, and were excellent conductors of electricity. Doping the biocarbon with boron or phosphorus resulted in a slight improvement in its electrical conductivity. The XRD analysis indicated that the carbonized charcoals possess an aromaticity of about 71% that results from graphite crystallites with an average size of about 20 . The NMR analysis confirmed the highly aromatic content of the carbonized charcoals. The ESR signals indicated two major types of carbon-centered organic radicals. A number of techniques employed highlighted differences between carbonized charcoals and synthetic graphite but none more so than MALDI-TOF spectrometry. The biocarbons contained readily desorbed discrete ions with m/z values of 701, 685, 465, 453, 429, and 317. All of the above findings were used to develop a model for the structure of carbonized charcoal that is consistent with the biocarbon's oxygen content, microporosity and surface area, electrical conductivity, radical content, and its MALDI-TOF spectra. The removal of inorganic mineral constituents from various biomass feedstocks was achieved via simple washing/soaking techniques using two different aqueous media; deionized water and citric acid. The most effective and consistent demineralization treatment for removing minerals from biomass involved a hot 0.1 molL-1 citric acid percolation treatment, ca. 67% of inorganic mineral matter was removed. Mineral matter at the levels present in typical biomass derived charcoals and carbons had no significant influence upon the surface area or the electrical resistivity in carbonaceous materials after high heat treatment (950 C).
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Hockaday, William C. "The organic geochemistry of charcoal black carbon in the soils of the University of Michigan biological station." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1141850676.

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Dickens, Angela Faith. "Sources, cycling, and preservation of black carbon in sediments from the Washington Margin /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8576.

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Bezzon, Guilherme 1969. "Avaliação de possiveis impactos energeticos e ambientais derivados da introdução de novas tecnologias para obtenção eficiente de carvão vegetal e carvão ativado." [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264793.

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Orientador: Carlos Alberto Luengo<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T16:04:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bezzon_Guilherme_D.pdf: 9612903 bytes, checksum: 5290e4244ec81545fd94aac72b915276 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998<br>Resumo: Em um contexto de discussões de problemas ambientais gerados pela utilização em larga escala de combustíveis fósseis, a biomassa aparece como um atrativo recurso energético que, através de um uso racional e sustentável, pode contribuir significativamente para o controle das condições ambientais a nível global e localizado. Um dos principais combustíveis derivados de biomassa, o carvão vegetal, é produzido atualmente por tecnologias de baixa eficiência, que resultam em uma exploração indiscriminada de florestas nativas. O reflorestamento e o uso de tecnologias mais eficientes na produção do carvão vegetal são alternativas que proporcionam um melhor aproveitamento do potencial energético disponível na biomassa. Um aumento do valor agregado do carvão vegetal pode ser obtido através da modificação de sua estrutura por meio de uma oxidação controlada, dando origem ao carvão ativado, um material com propriedades adsortivas, que são aplicadas para a separação de compostos indesejáveis, purificação e remoção de poluentes em líquidos e gases. O aumento do rendimento de produção de carvão vegetal e carvão ativado, a partir de biomassa, foi obtido através do desenvolvimento de uma tecnologia, baseada na pirólise controlada a pressões superiores à atmosférica e posterior ativação do carvão vegetal resultante, utilizando oxigênio como agente ativante. Essa tecnologia foi avaliada através de ensaios experimentais e do desenvolvimento de um modelo matemático do processo de ativação. Esses ensaios foram realizados utilizando equipamentos e a estruturado Grupo CombustíveisAlternativos- UNICAMP e do "Hawaii Natural Energy Institute- University of Hawaii". A pirólise de biomassa a pressões superiores à atmosférica proporcionou altos rendimentos de carvão vegetal, com propriedades semelhantes aos carvões comerciais, enquanto que o processo de ativação resultou em altos rendimentos de carvões ativados, com médias propriedades adsortivas. A aplicação dessas tecnologias abre caminho para novos mercados e a possibilidade de um uso racional dos recursos de biomassa, criando-se, dessa forma, uma competitividade frente aos derivados de origem fóssil<br>Abstract: An alternative way for reducing environmental problems generated by the largescale use of fossil fuels is the rational and sustainable use of biomass, a renewable energy source, which can contribute for controlling regional and global environment conditions. Charcoal is an important solid fuel derived from biomass, which is usually produced by low efficiency technologies, resulting in native forestry exploitation. The reforestation and the use of more efficient technologies for charcoal making, are alternatives for a better use of the available energy potential in biomass. A gain in charcoal commercial value can be achieved by the modification of its internal structure through a controlled oxidation, which originates activated carbon, a material with special adsorptive properties, used for separation, purification, and pollutants remotion, in liquid and gas phases. Higher yields in the production of charcoal and activated carbon from biomass were achieved, through the development of a new technology based on the controlled pyrolysis at elevated pressures and further activation of the remaining charcoal, using oxygen as activating agent. This technology was evaluated by an experimental analysis and a numerical model of the activation process. Experimental tests were conducted, using the structure and equipments of the "Grupo Combustíveis Alternativos- UNICAMP" and the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute - University of Hawaii. The biomass pyrolysis at elevated pressures resulted in high yields of charcoal with good commercial properties, while the activation process resulted in high yietds of activated carbon with medium adsorptive characteristics. These technologies can open the possibility of new markets, with a rational use of the biomass resources, and fmally, introduce a feasible alternative for fossil fuels, reducing environmental problems<br>Doutorado<br>Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos<br>Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos
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Ding, Yan. "Environmental Dynamics of Dissolved Black Carbon in Aquatic Ecosystems." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/846.

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Black carbon (BC), the incomplete combustion product from biomass and fossil fuel burning, is ubiquitously found in soils, sediments, ice, water and atmosphere. Because of its polyaromatic molecular characteristic, BC is believed to contribute significantly to the global carbon budget as a slow-cycling, refractory carbon pool. However, the mass balance between global BC generation and accumulation does not match, suggesting a removal mechanism of BC to the active carbon pool, most probable in a dissolved form. The presence of BC in waters as part of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool was recently confirmed via ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry, and dissolved black carbon (DBC), a degradation product of charcoal, was found in marine and coastal environments. However, information on the loadings of DBC in freshwater environments and its global riverine flux from terrestrial systems to the oceans remained unclear. The main objectives of this study were to quantify DBC in diverse aquatic ecosystems and to determine its environmental dynamics. Surface water samples were collected from aquatic environments with a spatially significant global distribution, and DBC concentrations were determined by a chemical oxidation method coupled with HPLC detection. While it was clear that biomass burning was the main sources of BC, the translocation mechanism of BC to the dissolved phase was not well understood. Data from the regional studies and the developed global model revealed a strong positive correlation between DBC and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics, indicating a co-generation and co-translocation between soil OC and BC. In addition, a DOC-assistant DBC translocation mechanism was identified. Taking advantage of the DOC-DBC correlation model, a global riverine DBC flux to oceans on the order of 26.5 Mt C yr-1 (1 Mt = 1012 g) was determined, accounting for 10.6% of the global DOC flux. The results not only indicated that DOC was an important environmental intermediate for BC transfer and storage, but also provided an estimate of a major missing link in the global BC budget. The ever increasing DBC export caused by global warming will change the marine DOM quality and may have important consequences for carbon cycling in marine ecosystem.
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Steiner, Christoph. "Slash and char as alternative to slash and burn : soil charcoal amendments maintain soil fertility and establish a carbon sink /." Gottingen, Germany : Cuvillier Verlag, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016420438&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Books on the topic "Carbon charcoal"

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Cooney, David O. Activated charcoal in medical applications. Dekker, 1995.

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Lozano, Jesús Bravo. Montes para Madrid: El abastecimiento de carbon vegetal a la villa y corte entre los siglos XVII y XVIII. Caja de Madrid, 1993.

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Spain) International Meeting of Charcoal Analysis (5th 2011 Valencia. 5th International Meeting of Charcoal Analysis: The charcoal as cultural and biological heritage, Valencia, Spain, September 5th-9th, 2011. Edited by Badal Ernestina. Universitat de València, Departament de Prehistòria i Arqueologia, 2011.

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P, Sharma M. Efficiency of activated charcoal for inactivation of Bromacil and Tebuthiuron residues in soil. Alberta Land Conservation and Reclamation Council, Reclamation Research Technical Advisory Committee, 1989.

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Laboratory, Occupational Medicine and Hygiene. Carbon disulphide in air: Laboratory method using charcoal adsorbent tubes, solvent desorption, and gas chromatography. Health and Safety Executive, 1987.

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Bruges, James. The biochar debate: Charcoal's potential to reverse climate change and build soil fertility. Chelsea Green Pub., 2009.

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U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, ed. Burning charcoal in homes, vehicles, and tents causes 83 deaths from carbon monoxide in 7 years. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 1985.

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Bruges, James. The biochar debate: Charcoal's potential to reverse climate change and build soil fertility. Chelsea Green Pub., 2009.

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Pitz, Henry Clarence. Dibujando al carbón. Ediciones CEAC, 1989.

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Jiménez, César Pacheco. Abastos y transportes entre Talavera y Madrid en el siglo XVIII: El suministro de carbón a la corte. Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Talavera de la Reina, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Carbon charcoal"

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Keirsse, H., W. Hartoyo, A. Buekens, J. Schoeters, and J. Janssens. "Preparation of Activated Carbon by the Partial Gasification of Charcoal." In Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2737-7_41.

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Sturm, Lukas, Semih Severengiz, Dhanashri Satish Salokhe, and Gaurav Bhatia. "Criteria-Driven Comparison of Hydrogen, Charcoal and Liquefied Petroleum Gas as Cooking Fuels Based on a Systematic Literature Review." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-77429-4_10.

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AbstractGreen Hydrogen could be used as a sustainable cooking fuel, especially in countries of the global south in which cooking with carbon-based, or biomass fuels is prevalent. This paper presents a criteria based assessment of the sustainability of cooking with hydrogen in comparison to charcoal and liquefied petroleum gas. The research methodology adopts a systematic literature review to provide a comprehensive overview of the research. Based on this, a morphological analysis is conducted to display possible hydrogen cooking scenarios. A chosen hydrogen scenario is then subjected to a sustainability assessment and compared with the aforementioned conventional cooking methods. The findings of this paper reveal that while hydrogen presents itself as a potential alternative, it is currently not a more sustainable option. Despite its lower climate change impact when compared to liquefied petroleum gas and charcoal, hydrogen falls short in several other sustainability aspects, such as investment costs, marine and freshwater eutrophication or safety concerns related to the usage of the energy source.
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Madari, B. E., L. B. Lima, M. A. S. Silva, et al. "Carbon Distribution in Humic Substance Fractions Extracted from Soils Treated with Charcoal (Biochar)." In Functions of Natural Organic Matter in Changing Environment. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2_185.

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Herring, James R. "Charcoal Fluxes into Sediments of the North Pacific Ocean: The Cenozoic Record of Burning." In The Carbon Cycle and Atmospheric CO2 : Natural Variations Archean to Present. American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm032p0419.

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Pathak, Uttarini, Papita Das, Dalia Dasgupta Mandal, Siddhartha Datta, Tarkeshwar Kumar, and Tamal Mandal. "Study of Ammonia Removal from Simulated Coke Oven Wastewater Using Commercial Charcoal Activated Carbon." In Waste Management and Resource Efficiency. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7290-1_99.

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Sommerseth, Camilla, Ove Darell, Bjarte Øye, Anne Støre, and Stein Rørvik. "Charcoal and Use of Green Binder for Use in Carbon Anodes in the Aluminium Industry." In Light Metals 2020. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36408-3_183.

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Biondi, Andrea. "Acqua e carbone in Casentino tra XII e XV secolo: elementi di analisi archeologica dei paesaggi medievali." In Strumenti per la didattica e la ricerca. Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0376-0.08.

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Water mills and charcoal pits have constituted two of the main economic factors of the Tuscan Apennine mountains. Between the 12th and 15th centuries, they were used by noble powers and rural communities, thus being the protagonists of fundamental economic activities, such as milling (wheat and chestnuts) and siderurgy. Therefore, the analyzed sites nearby Raggiolo and Pratovecchio Stia (Casentino) are relevant case studies to understand the dynamics of the medieval mountain economic systems.
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Vasilevich, Sergey, and Dmitry Degterov. "Features of Pyrolysis of Plant Biomass at Excessive Pressure." In Recent Perspectives in Pyrolysis Research. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99468.

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The paper describes methods for producing charcoal (highly porous carbon materials) based on plant (wood) raw materials, and the equipment used to implement these processes, the use of activated carbons. The paper describes results of an experimental study of the effect of pressure on the formation of charcoal in the pyrolysis of birch chips. The experimental investigation was carried out at pressures of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 MPa. To investigate the effect of pressure on the pyrolysis process, a laboratory bench was designed and constructed. It was found that increasing the pressure from 0.1 MPa to 0.7 MPa increases the yield of charcoal from 25.1 to 32.4% by weight (relative to the dry weight of the starting material) and the carbon content from 89.1% by weight at 0.1 MPa to 96.4% by weight at 0.7 MPa. The calorific value of charcoal decreases from 34.86 MJ/kg at a pressure of 0.1 MPa to 30.23 MJ/kg at a pressure of 0.7 MPa. This is due to the release of oxygen-containing components, which have a higher calorific value than pure carbon, from the porous coal structure. Reduction of the charcoal heat combustion with a decrease in the amount of oxygen-containing components confirms conclusion that their calorific value exceeds the calorific value of pure carbon.
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Costa, Luiz Berber. "THERMAL DECOMPOSITION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHARCOAL FROM THREE SPECIES OF THE CERRADO BIOME FOR PRODUCTION FOR ENERGY PURPOSES AND FOR ACTIVATED CHARCOAL." In Roots of the Future: Innovations in Agricultural and Biological Sciences. Seven Editora, 2024. https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.032-014.

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Charcoal is used mostly in the production of pig iron and steel, and also in the production of activated charcoal. The exploitation of wood for energy purposes has fostered the reduction of native vegetation and also had consequences for fauna, flora and soil. Charcoal is produced from planted forests, highlighting Brazil as the only country to use a renewable source in the steel sector. Thus, the objective was to analyze the quality of charcoal produced from the species of the Cerrado biome (Tachigali vulgaris, Myracrodruon urundeuva and Amburana cearensis) for energy purposes and for the production of activated charcoal, aiming to contribute to sustainable practices in the use of renewable sources. For the analysis of the physical properties of the coal, the density, porosity and moisture content were determined, for the chemical properties the chemical composition (percentage of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur), calorific value, volatile and ash content, hydrogen potential (pH) and fixed carbon content and, as for the biological aspects, decomposition, microorganisms and ecological impact. Among the charcoals of the species analyzed, the species Myracrodruon urundeuva stands out, which showed the highest values of plant yield and energy density, followed by the species Amburana cearensis and, finally, the species Tachigali vulgaris. The stimulus to the use of charcoal reflects economic, environmental and social benefits for the country, and the environmental aspect is relevant, reducing the consumption of non-renewable sources and greenhouse gas emissions.
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Scott, Andrew C. "Getting Dirty: What Charcoal Can tell us." In Burning Planet. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198734840.003.0005.

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Most of us are familiar with charcoal from sketching with it at school, or using charcoal bricks for a barbecue. You will have noticed that it got your hands dirty, that it is brittle, and that it is quite light—at least, lighter than an equivalent piece of uncharred wood. You may also have associated the black residues left after a bonfire with charcoal. If you have been to an area where the vegetation has been destroyed by wildfire, you may have also noticed black residues of charcoal on the ground that make a crunching sound beneath your feet. Our first two examples of charcoal are both products of human manufacture. The bonfire charcoal is a naturally formed material, but still the link with wildfire may not be made. When we see images of burning vegetation it is natural to imagine that all the plant material is consumed by the flames. Yet, as I came to realize on my visit to the site of the Hayman Fire, there is often a significant quantity of unburned material, and charcoal residues as well. Why are we left with charcoal after a fire? Charcoal is produced by heating plant material (most commonly wood, but not exclusively so) in the absence of oxygen. So it isn’t a product of the fire itself, but of the intense heat from the fire. Wood is essentially made up of two organic compounds: cellulose and lignin. Both compounds consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but they differ in structure and therefore in properties. In cellulose, the carbon atoms are arranged in straight lines (it is an example of an aliphatic compound). It is the material from which paper is made. In lignin, on the other hand, the carbons are arranged in rings (it is an aromatic compound), and it is this structure that gives wood its toughness and strength. Industrial charcoal is used for a variety of metallurgical processes, and as adsorbents and food additives, as well as for barbecues and artists’ materials, so its formation has been carefully studied.
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Conference papers on the topic "Carbon charcoal"

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McCullough, John G., and Richard B. Nielsen. "Contamination and Purification of Alkaline Gas Treating Solutions." In CORROSION 1996. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96396.

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Abstract Alkanolamine and potassium carbonate solutions in gas treating units removing carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, or both are contaminated by impurities in the feed gases and makeup water and by the products of the degradation and oxidation of amines occurring in the units themselves. Feed gas impurities include oxygen, carbonyl sulfide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, brine, solid particles, heavy hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, hydrochloric acid, organic acids, and pipeline corrosion inhibitors. Impure makeup water contains sulfate, chloride, alkali metal, and alkaline earth ions (hardness). Reactions causing contamination in the units include oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to sulfate and thiosulfate, oxidation of amines to formic acid and other products, and degradation of amines by carbon dioxide. The resulting heat-stable salts and polymers reduce the gas absorbing capacity of alkanolamine solutions and increase their corrosiveness. Similar problems occur in potassium carbonate solutions, except that degradation products of amine activators are too dilute to be harmful. Contaminants are removed by inlet gas separation, charcoal and mechanical filtration, neutralization of heat-stable salts, reclaiming at both atmospheric and reduced pressure, upstream washing of the feed gas, electrodialysis, use of antioxidants, ion exchange, and blowdown and dumping of the solution.
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Mojsilović, Jelena, Ivan Dimitrijević, Mirjana Krstović, Stevan Stupar, and Veselin Živanović. "Carbon black vs charcoal: Influence on combustion properties of selected pyrotechnic compositions." In 11th International Scientific Conference on Defensive Technologies - OTEX 2024. Military Technical Institute, Belgrade, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/oteh24043m.

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Conventional black powder typically consists of charcoal, sulfur and potassium nitrate (KNO3). The use of other carbon-based substances instead of charcoal has been less common. Following the development of time delay pyrotechnic compositions in this research, the pyrotechnic properties of other carbon-based substances, particularly carbon black were studied. The use of charcoal has been widely spread due to its unique chemical composition and superior combustion properties. However, due to the specific production process and the selection of materials for producing charcoal, it is difficult to achieve the same quality, i.e., chemical composition of charcoal. The use of other carbon-based substances may suppress those problems. Quaternary compositions containing charcoal or carbon black as a fuel and KNO3, sulfur and phenol-formaldehyde resin were prepared and tested. Commercially available charcoal and carbon black were obtained for this initial research. The as-received materials, charcoal and carbon black, were characterized by SEM, EDS and particle size analyzer. SEM and EDS analysis were used to obtain information about morphology and semi-quantitative determination of the chemical composition and particle size analyzer for obtaining information about particle size and its distribution. The experimental values of heat of reaction and linear burning rate were compared. The average linear burning rate for pyrotechnic composition with carbon black of 7.33mm/s showed increase of 28.5% comparing to pyrotechnic composition with charcoal. Observed behavior suggests that this compound may be useful for a variety of pyrotechnic applications.
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Mas’udah, Kusuma Wardhani, Pelangi Eka Yuwita, Ahmad Taufiq, and Sunaryono. "Fabrication of nanocrystalline carbon based on corncobs charcoal." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON METALLURGY AND MATERIALS (ISMM2019): Exploring New Innovation in Metallurgy and Materials. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0002468.

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Budi, E., H. Nasbey, B. D. P. Yuniarti, Y. Nurmayatri, J. Fahdiana, and A. S. Budi. "Pore structure of the activated coconut shell charcoal carbon." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THEORETICAL AND APPLIED PHYSICS 2013 (ICTAP 2013). AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4897121.

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Yuwita, Pelangi Eka, Kusuma Wardhani Mas’udah, Sunaryono, and Ahmad Taufiq. "Investigation of carbon phase structure of corncob charcoal powder." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON METALLURGY AND MATERIALS (ISMM2019): Exploring New Innovation in Metallurgy and Materials. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0002451.

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Budi, Esmar, Umiatin, Hadi Nasbey, Ridho Akbar Bintoro, Futri Wulandari, and Erlina. "Activated coconut shell charcoal carbon using chemical-physical activation." In 2ND PADJADJARAN INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2015 (PIPS-2015): Materials Functionalization and Energy Conservations. AIP Publishing LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4941886.

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Tengker, Soenandar Milian, Marlina Karundeng, and Jessica Indah Samuri. "Metal Analysis of Pb, Fe, Cd with Activated Carbon Material in Tondano Watershed, East Kombos Area, Manado City." In Unima International Conference on Science and Technology 2022. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-5ghdcj.

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This study aimed to determine the characteristics of activated charcoal from mangroves resulting from pyrolysis and activation with 3M KCl using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and ash content analysis and to determine the ratio of Pb, Fe and Cd metal content in river water before and after filtered with activated charcoal. The results of the FTIR test for charcoal from mangroves resulting from pyrolysis and activation with KCl showed the presence of O-H, C=C, C-H, C-N and C-Cl groups as additional groups that appeared after the activation process. The results of XRD analysis show that the lattice parameter (α) can be calculated, namely in pyrolysis mangrove charcoal = 5.79 and charcoal from pyrolysis and activation mangrove wood = 5.88. The results show that there is a change in the distance between the crystal planes after activation, with the known value of, the results of d-spacing 3 strong peaks are 3.39 , 2.94 and 5.88 . The results of the analysis of the ash content are 15.4% and exceed the maximum percentage that has been determined, because there are still impurities attached to the carbon surface. The results of the analysis using Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometry (AAS) showed that there were differences in the levels of Pb, Fe and Cd in river water before and after being filtered with activated charcoal. There was a decrease in Pb levels from points 1,2 and 3 as much as 73%, 49% and 55.23%. Meanwhile, Fe metal decreased from points 1, 2 and 3 as much as 58%, 66% and 81%. And on Cd there was a decrease of 44%, 61% and 92%. From these percentage results, activated charcoal from mangroves can be said to be effective because it can absorb metals in river water. Pb metal in river water in East Kombos Manado City has passed the concentration specified in Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 22 of 2021, Class II Water Quality Standards.
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Safin, R., D. Ziatdinova, V. Sotnikov, D. Ryabushkin, and D. Gumerov. "INSTALLATION PROCESSING WOOD WASTE ACTIVATED CARBON." In Modern machines, equipment and IT solutions for industrial complex: theory and practice. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mmeitsic2021_324-328.

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Activated carbon can be obtained in a variety of ways. The most promising in terms of resource conservation and economic benefits is the method of producing activated carbon from wood waste. The production of activated carbon by this method is based on the process of pyrolysis of wood waste. As a result of thermochemical processing, charcoal and pyrolysis gas are formed. Then the charcoal must undergo a high-temperature activation process, during which micropores are formed in the coal and it significantly increases its adsorption properties. The hardware design of these processes is a set of complex design and technological solutions. When designing the installation, it is necessary to carry out calculations designed to optimize the equipment and operating parameters of the processes of thermal decomposition and activation of coal, which make it possible to obtain a high-quality product. The paper describes a plant for processing wood waste into activated carbon. The processes occurring in each zone of the installation, as well as the principle of their operation, are considered in detail.
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Hayrullin, I. "ACTIVATION OF CARBON IN AN ENEGRY-SAVING WAY." In Ecological and resource-saving technologies in science and technology. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/erstst2021_213-217.

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This paper describes an energy-saving method for activating charcoal with superheated steam using a recuperative heat exchanger to obtain high-quality activated carbon with high adsorption properties. Diagrams of the installation of coal activation and cooling units with a description of the operation of the apparatus used are presented.
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Supriyono, Supriyono, Ngafwan Ngafwan, and Wijianto Wijianto. "Synthesis of Nanoparticles from Bamboo Charcoal." In 6th International Conference on Advanced Materials Science. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-stb6gw.

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The aim of this work is to synthesis nanoparticles from bamboo charcoal and identify the majority elements of the nanoparticles. The bamboo charcoal is made by pyrolysis process. The charcoal was manually pulverized before being sieved through a filter with a mesh size of 200. The synthesis of the nanoparticle was conducted by using a top-down approach of ball milling process. The charcoal powder that had passed through the filter and the milling balls of steel were then poured into a vial of glass. In the vial, the milling operation was carried out. The vial had a diameter of 71 mm and a length of 119 mm, while the ball's diameter was 0.25 inches. To have the balls collide and reduce the size of the charcoal particles, the vial was rotated. 5 million cycles at 500 revolutions per minutes were performed on the shaker machine. The empty space in the vial was one third of vial volume for the movement of the milling balls. The ball milling process was separated into two conditions, namely dry and wet. For the wet procedure, the particles are filtered to separate the particles based on their size. The particle morphology, size, and elements in the particle produced by the process were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The results showed that the size of the particles of the dry procedure is un-uniform in the range of about 300 nm to 600 nm with irregular shape. The dominant element is carbon. The wet procedure produced a more uniform size in the range of 100 nm to 200 nm with also irregular shape. The most dominant element is also carbon.
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Reports on the topic "Carbon charcoal"

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Vivanpatarakij, Supawat. Performance improvement of integrated process of biomass gasification and reformer for green hydrogen production and reduction of CO2 emission by utilization of recycled CO2 as a gasitying agent : Final report. Chulalongkorn University, 2016. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2016.60.

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Using syngas as fossil fuel offers the benefit in term of suppress consumption of petroleum fuel. Gasification and reforming process can be used for syngas production. This work investigated the combined of gasifier and reformer process of charcoal with recycled CO2. The investigation was carried on both simulation and experimental. The simulation results show that carbon conversion depended on operating temperature. The effect of O2 in feed stream offered more heat obtained from process which optimum at O2/B = 0.2. At higher S/B in feed stream led to more H2 in syngas product. And the effect of CO2/B feed ratio affect on both of CO2 emr and syngas ratio. For feed ratio O2/S/CO2/B = 0.2/1/1/1 offered the highest Cold Gas Efficiency (CGE) of 0.742. From experimental study, the operating temperature of 800 ºC was observed for the highest carbon conversion. For the effect of Ni/SiO2 catalysts, increasing Ni% loading offered more product gas due to the reforming reaction of gas product. Varying of O2/S/CO2/B feed ratio showed in similar trend of product gas mole fraction to the simulation result. For condition of CO2/B ratio = 0, provided the highest for syngas yield. However, using CO2 was beneficial in reducing GHG emissions and adjusting syngas ratio.
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