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1
Ofoegbu, Stanley, Mário Ferreira, and Mikhail Zheludkevich. "Galvanically Stimulated Degradation of Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Critical Review." Materials 12, no. 4 (2019): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040651.
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Carbon is used as a reinforcing phase in carbon-fiber reinforced polymer composites employed in aeronautical and other technological applications. Under polarization in aqueous media, which can occur on galvanic coupling of carbon-fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) with metals in multi-material structures, degradation of the composite occurs. These degradative processes are intimately linked with the electrically conductive nature and surface chemistry of carbon. This review highlights the potential corrosion challenges in multi-material combinations containing carbon-fiber reinforced polymers, the surface chemistry of carbon, its plausible effects on the electrochemical activity of carbon, and consequently the degradation processes on carbon-fiber reinforced polymers. The implications of the emerging use of conductive nano-fillers (carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers) in the modification of CFRPs on galvanically stimulated degradation of CFRP is accentuated. The problem of galvanic coupling of CFRP with selected metals is set into perspective, and insights on potential methods for mitigation and monitoring the degradative processes in these composites are highlighted.
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Shen, De Jun, Zi Sheng Lin, and Yan Fei Zhang. "Study on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Composite Material of Wood." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.659.
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through the use of domestic carbon fiber cloth and combining domestic fast-growing wood of Larch and poplar wood, the CFRP- wood composite key interface from the composite process, stripping bearing performance, Hygrothermal effect, fracture characteristics and shear creep properties to conducted the system research . Fiber reinforced composite (Fiber Reinforced Plastic/Polymer, abbreviation FRP) material by continuous fibers and resin matrix composite and its types, including carbon fiber reinforced composite (Carbon Fiber Reinforce Plastic/Polymer, abbreviation CFRP), glass fiber reinforced composite (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic/Polymer, abbreviation GFRP) and aramid fiber reinforced composite (Aramid Fiber Reinforced Plastic/Polymer, abbreviation AFRP). PAN based carbon fiber sheet by former PAN wires, PAN raw silk production high technical requirements, its technical difficulty is mainly manifested in the acrylonitrile spinning technique, PAN precursor, acrylonitrile polymerization process with solvent and initiator ratio. Based on this consideration, the subject chosen by domestic PAN precursor as the basic unit of the CFRP as the object of study.
3
Shuai, Tian, and Zhang Tong. "Study on Thermal Stress of Concrete Beams with Carbon-Fiber- Reinforced Polymers at Low Temperature." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 8, no. 1 (2014): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801408010182.
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Concrete beams reinforced with carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are subjected to considerable thermal stress at low temperatures. To mitigate this problem, this study conducts a series of tests on three concrete specimens at various temperatures, analyzes the change rule of thermal stress in CFRP-reinforced concrete beams, and discusses the influence of CFRPs on thermal stress in terms of the elastic modulus, thickness, thermal expansion coefficient, beam height, and concrete grade. The results show that when the temperature decreases, CFRP has an obvious restraining effect on the thermal curve of concrete beams. The thermal stress on the interface of CFRP-reinforced concrete beams is sufficiently large and should not be ignored. In particular, in cold areas, thermal stress should be taken into account when reinforcing structures such as concrete bridges. The CFRP sheet’s elasticity modulus and thickness are the main factors affecting the thermal stress; in comparison, the expansion coefficient and beam height have lesser effect on the thermal stress; finally, the concrete grade has little effect on the thermal stress. Thermal stress can be prevented feasibly by using prestressed CFRP sheets to reinforce concrete beams. This study can serve as a reference for concrete reinforcement design.
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Moeser, Katrin. "Enzymatic Degradation of Epoxy Resins: An Approach for the Recycling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers." Advanced Materials Research 1018 (September 2014): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1018.131.
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Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs), particularly epoxy resins, are increasingly applied in innovative products nowadays. At the end of the life cycle of those products, CFRP waste has to be disposed in an ecological way. As of today, no energy effective recycling method is available to recover the valuable carbon fibers in a good quality. The presented study aims to exploit the ability of biological systems in order to efficiently and specifically degrade the polymer and release carbon fibers with minimal material strain. In a first approach environmental microorganisms for degrading the polymer component of epoxy composites into small fragments have to be identified. An analytical method will be developed to identify and quantify the polymer degradation. In a following step, the enzymes that are produced by the microorganisms and are essential for the polymer degradation will be identified, cloned, produced in a high amount and characterized in CFRP recycling studies.
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Yamazaki, Yoshiki, Hiroaki Takei, Masae Kanda, Keisuke Iwata, Michelle Salvia, and Yoshitake Nishi. "EB-Irradiation Induced Strengthening of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Polymers." Advanced Materials Research 922 (May 2014): 838–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.922.838.
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Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP), which are typical composite materials, and have been applied as light structural materials with high strength [1, 2]. The further strengthening has been always expected to develop high speed transports with small energy consumption. Although influences of electron beam (EB) irradiation with high energy on the fracture toughness of carbon cross of carbon fibers in thermo-hardened epoxy resin matrix (thermo-hardened CFRP) have been often reported [3], no one has succeeded the strengthening of CFRP irradiated by electron beam. On the other hand, the homogeneous low voltage electron beam irradiation (HLEBI) often induces not only the hardening, high wear resistance and sterilization for practical use of polymer, but also the mist resistance [4–6]. In addition, the irradiation has improved not only the bending fracture strain of carbon fiber [7, 8], but also the deformation resistivity, strength and fracture strain on static tensile test [9]. In our recent research, it has succeeded that the EB-irradiation also enhances the fracture stress and fracture strain of static bending test of thermo-hardened CFRP [10]. Furthermore, the improvement of impact value of thermo-hardened CFRP by EB-irradiation has been also reported to apply to high-speed transports [11]. However, the production rate of thermo-hardened CFRP has been serious problem in mass production.
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Singer, Gerald, Harald Rennhofer, Gerhard Sinn, et al. "Processing of Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanofibers towards High Performance Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers." Key Engineering Materials 742 (July 2017): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.742.31.
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Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are promising composite materials for high-performance and lightweight applications, gaining increasing interest in aerospace and automotive industries. Epoxy thermosets are frequently used as polymer matrices of CFRPs, which are usually responsible for failure of the composite. In this work different types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNF) are added to the epoxy resin to improve mechanical properties of the whole CFRP composite. The dispersion of the fillers on a three-roll mill (TRM) is shown comparing their dispersion behavior in the resin. Results of increased modulus and strength of the hierarchical composite in four-point bending tests are presented.
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Purba, Burt K., and Aftab A. Mufti. "Investigation of the behavior of circular concrete columns reinforced with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) jackets." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 26, no. 5 (1999): 590–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l99-022.
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Recent advancements in the fields of fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) have resulted in the development of new materials with great potential for applications in civil engineering structures, and due to extensive research over recent years, FRPs are now being considered for the design of new structures. This study describes how carbon fiber reinforced polymer jackets can be used to reinforce circular concrete columns. Fibers aligned in the circumferential direction provide axial and shear strength to the concrete, while fibers aligned in the longitudinal direction provide flexural reinforcement. Prefabricated FRP jackets or tubes would also provide the formwork for the columns, resulting in a decrease in labor and materials required for construction. Also, the enhanced behavior of FRP jacketed concrete columns could allow the use of smaller sections than would be required for conventionally reinforced concrete columns. Furthermore, FRP jacket reinforced concrete columns would be more durable than conventionally reinforced concrete columns and therefore would require less maintenance and have longer service life.Key words: bridge, carbon, column, concrete, confinement, fiber reinforced polymer, jacket, retrofitting, seismic, strengthening.
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Pervaiz, Salman, Sathish Kannan, Dehong Huo, and Ramulu Mamidala. "Ecofriendly inclined drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP)." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 111, no. 7-8 (2020): 2127–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-06203-y.
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Abstract Key composite made aerostructures such as fuselage inner walls, flap support fairings, empennage ribs, and the vertical fin ribs are comprised of non-vertical inclined and radial holes that join with other key metallic and non-metallic structures. Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) are also used in the aerospace, automotive, marine, and sports-related applications due to their superior properties such as high strength to weight ratio, better fatigue, and high stiffness. CFRP drilling operation is different than the homogenous materials as the cutting-edge interacts with fiber and matrix simultaneously. Flank face of the tool rubs on the workpiece material and develops high frictional contact due to the elastic recovery of broken fibers. Lubrication during CFRP cutting can reduce the friction involved at tool-workpiece interface to enhance cutting performance. Dry cutting, cryogenic machining, and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL)-based strategies are termed as ecofriendly cooling/lubrication methods when machining high performance materials. The abrasive nature of carbon fiber is responsible of producing cutting forces which leads to different types of imperfections such as delamination, uncut fiber, fiber breakout, and fiber pullout. The integrity of CFRP drilled hole especially at the entry and exit of the hole plays a significant role towards the overall service life. The presented paper aims to characterize the interrelationships between hole inclination, lubrication/cooling methods, tool coating, and drill geometry with inclined hole bore surface quality and integrity during drilling of CFRP laminates. In dry cutting, thrust forces were found 2.38 times higher in the 30° inclination when compared with the reference 90° conventional inclination angle. Compressed air provided lowest increase (1.46 times) in the thrust forces for 30° inclination.
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Fortin, Gabriel Y., Elsayed A. Elbadry, and Atsushi Yokoyama. "Crashworthiness of polystyrene foam and cardboard panels reinforced with carbon fiber reinforced polymer and glass fiber reinforced polymer composite rods." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 39, no. 15-16 (2020): 599–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684420924083.
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This article presents an experimental study on the quasi-static crushing performance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) rods consisting of unidirectional carbon fibers wrapped by braided glass fibers. Rods with and without a taper are tested and then inserted in extruded and expanded polystyrene foam and cardboard panels. Hybrid columnar aluminum tube–CFRP rod structures are also tested in all panel materials. These results are compared to those based on glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rods, GFRP rods in polystyrene foams, and to GFRP rods in cardboard from a previous study. Tapered CFRP rods exhibit progressive crushing behavior with specific energy absorption superior to GFRP rods, with values of 82 kJ/kg and 65 kJ/kg, respectively. Moreover, the highest specific energy absorption (111 kJ/kg) is obtained in hybrid columnar aluminum tube–CFRP tapered rods, exceeding values of aluminum tubes (89 kJ/kg) and equivalent structures containing GFRP rods (102 kJ/kg). Within panels, cardboard produces the largest increase in mean load of CFRP and GFRP rods due to most constraining fiber splaying during crushing, followed by extruded foam, and lastly expanded foam. However, crushing displacement is most restricted in cardboard due to earlier final compaction. The smallest variations in crushing load occur in extruded polystyrene due to greater homogeneity throughout the foam structure.
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KOKLU, UĞUR, and SEZER MORKAVUK. "CRYOGENIC DRILLING OF CARBON FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE (CFRP)." Surface Review and Letters 26, no. 09 (2019): 1950060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x19500604.
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In order to reduce the adverse effects on the environment and economy and to avoid health problems caused by the excessively used cutting lubrications, cryogenic machining is drawing more and more attention. In this work, a novel cryogenic machining approach was applied for drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs). According to this approach, CFRP was dipped into the liquid nitrogen (LN2) and it was machined within the cryogenic coolant directly. Various machinability characteristics on thrust force, delamination damage, tool wear, surface roughness, and topography were compared with those obtained with dry condition. This experimental study revealed that the novel method of machining with cryogenic dipping significantly reduced tool wear and surface roughness but increased thrust force. Overall results showed that the cryogenic machining approach in this study improved the machinability of CFRP.
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Li, Wuzhou, Liangang Zheng, Yang Gao, Yuzhe Xie, and Fujun Xu. "Interfacial Bonding Enhancement Between Cryogenic Conditioned Carbon Fiber and Epoxy Resin Characterized by the Single-Fiber Fragmentation Method." AATCC Journal of Research 8, no. 4 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.4.1.
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Carbon fiber (CF) is an important structural material due to its favorable mechanical and physical properties. However, poor interfacial bonding with polymer resin severely affects the mechanical performance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRP). In this study, the single-fiber CFRPs were treated using multi-stage cryogenic approaches to optimize the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between carbon fiber and epoxy resin. The carbon fiber was pretreated by cryogenic treatment with sharp and slow cooling rates, followed by the same treatment of the single-fiber CFRP composed of the pretreated carbon fiber to reach the optimal interfacial modification. The IFSS value was increased by 27.4% when the carbon fiber was pretreated at a slow cooling rate, and its single-fiber CFRP was treated at a sharp cooling rate.
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Chihi, Manel, Mostapha Tarfaoui, Chokri Bouraoui, and Ahmed El Moumen. "Effect of CNTs Additives on the Energy Balance of Carbon/Epoxy Nanocomposites during Dynamic Compression Test." Polymers 12, no. 1 (2020): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010194.
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Previous research has shown that nanocomposites show not only enhancements in mechanical properties (stiffness, fracture toughness) but also possess remarkable energy absorption characteristics. However, the potential of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as nanofiller in reinforced epoxy composites like glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRP) or carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) under dynamic testing is still underdeveloped. The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of integrating nanofillers such as CNTs into the epoxy matrix of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRP) on their dynamic energy absorption potential under impact. An out-of-plane compressive test at high strain rates was performed using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB), and the results were analyzed to study the effect of changing the concentration of CNTs on the energy absorption properties of the nanocomposites. A strong correlation between strain rates and CNT mass fractions was found out, showing that an increase in percentage of CNTs could enhance the dynamic properties and energy absorption capabilities of fiber-reinforced composites.
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Hassan, Shereen K. H., Mu`tasim S. Abdel-Jaber, and Maha Alqam. "Rehabilitation of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP)." Modern Applied Science 12, no. 8 (2018): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n8p179.
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Reinforced concrete structures that incorporates deep beams are generally susceptible to deterioration due to weathering effects and sulphur attacks, under-design in the detailing of concrete cover and/or reinforcement, and construction errors. In lieu of demolishing and replacing these structures, rehabilitation and strengthening using carbon fiber composites becomes a cost-effective viable alternative. Recent advances in research and innovation have introduced concrete repair and strengthening systems that are primarily based on fiber reinforced polymer composites. These systems have offered engineers the opportunity to provide additional stability to the structural elements in question and to restore the damaged portions back to their original load carrying capacity. This paper investigates the effect of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites in enhancing the flexural performance of damaged reinforced concrete deep beams. Two types of CFRP composites and epoxy were used in the experimental investigation carried out and as described by this paper: 1) high strength carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates, commercially known as MBrace Laminate, that are bonded using an epoxy resin specifically suited for the installation and used to strengthen existing structural members; and, 2) MBrace Fiber 230/4900, a 100% solids, low viscosity epoxy material that is used to encapsulate MBrace carbon, glass, and aramid fiber fabrics so that when it cures, it provides a high performance FRP sheet.Test samples were divided into four groups: A control group, and three rehabilitated test groups with CRFP fibers, where the main variable among them was the percent length of CRFP used along the bottom beam extreme surface between supports (i.e, for two of the groups reinforced with MBrace laminates), and the use of MBrace Fiber 230/4500 CRFP sheets on the 4th beam along its vertical sides as well as the bottom extreme face between supports. All beams had similar cross-sectional dimensions and reinforcement, and were designed to fail in flexure rather than shear. The results show that CFRP composites, both laminated and sheet type, have increased the load carrying capacity in comparison to the control specimen, where observations were recorded pertaining to the delayed formation of vertical flexural cracks at the section of maximum moment, and diagonal shear cracks at beam ends. The increase in the load carrying capacity varied among the three rehabilitated test group beams, with the 4th group showing the highest ultimate load carrying capacity when compared to the control specimen.
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Dan, Sorin, Corneliu Bob, Catalin Badea, et al. "Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Used for Strengthening of Existing Reinforced Concrete Structures." Materiale Plastice 55, no. 4 (2018): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.18.4.5069.
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The paper deals with some aspects regarding the behavior of modern and efficient solutions - for rehabilitation of reinforced concrete framed structures. The paper is devoted to experimental studies on carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) systems used as strengthening solution for reinforced concrete (RC) frames assumed as existing structures, which were tested as un-strengthened and as (CFRP) strengthened structures. Single span and single story frames (scale 1:2) were designed and detailed according to the Romanian design codes from 1970s under which seismic design was inadequate. The RC design and the magnitude of applied forces were ensuring the failure mechanism, of non-strengthened RC frames, by plastic hinges at columns ends. Then the columns were strengthened by using CFRP materials. The experimental program emphasized some important aspects regarding the behavior and failure by debonding of CFRP strengthening materials applied to RC frames. The analysis of experimental data and theoretical values showed up an increase of resistance and stiffness achieved by strengthening.
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Sarath Chandra, D., Dr K.Vijaya Kumar Reddy, and Dr Omprakash Hebbal. "Fabrication and Mechanical Characterization of Glass and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite’s Used for Marine Applications." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.5 (2018): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.20052.
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The composite materials are replacing the traditional materials, because of its superior properties such as high tensile strength, low thermal expansion, high strength to weight ratio. The developments of new materials are on the anvil and are growing day by day. Fiber composites such as Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polymers (GFRP) composites and Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Composites (CFRP) became more attractive due to their better properties for marine applications. In this paper, GFRP, CFRP and Hybrid composites are developed and their mechanical properties such as Hardness, tensile strength, compression strength, impact strength, toughness are evaluated. The study used to compare the effect volumetric fraction of fibers in order to improve strength and toughness, this done by using two types of fibers E-glass and carbon & two types of resins epoxy ( AralditeLY556 and Aradur HY951 ) and vinyl ester. In this experimental study, we found that high tensile strength, high specific strength, hardness and low density are obtained with carbon fibre reinforced composites, but high impact strength and toughness are obtained with glass fibre reinforced composites. Finally incorporate the result and try to find alternatives composites using for marine applications and obtain the best mechanical properties
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Li, Yan, and Meng Ma. "Study on the Electrical Properties of CNT/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite." Materials Science Forum 813 (March 2015): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.813.315.
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The effects of fiber orientation and volume fraction on electrical conductivity of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) were investigated. The unidirectional CFRP shows strong anisotropy in electrical properties. Composites with higher fiber volume fraction possess higher electrical conductivity, since the fibers are the only current path in the composites. Additionally, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were mixed into the resin by high-pressure microfluidizer to improve the electrical properties of the composites. Results show that the electrical conductivity of the polymer matrix has been dramatically improved. The conductivity of CNTs modified CFRP composites is improved along fiber direction, while it remains at the same level in the transverse to fiber direction.
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Choi, Insung, Su-Jin Lee, Dongsig Shin, and Jeong Suh. "Green Picosecond Laser Machining of Thermoset and Thermoplastic Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers." Micromachines 12, no. 2 (2021): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12020205.
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There has been an increase in demand for the development of lightweight and high-strength materials for applications in the transportation industry. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is known as one of the most promising materials owing to its high strength-to-weight ratio. To apply CFRP in the automotive industry, various machining technologies have been reported because it is difficult to machine. Among these technologies, picosecond laser beam-induced machining has attracted great interest because it provides negligible heat transfer and can avoid tool wear. In this work, we conducted and compared machining of 2.15 mm-thick thermoset and 1.85 mm-thick thermoplastic CFRPs by using a green picosecond laser. The optimized experimental conditions for drilling with a diameter of 7 mm led to a small taper angle (average ~ 3.5°). The tensile strength of the laser-drilled specimens was evaluated, and the average value was 570 MPa. Our study indicates that green picosecond laser processing should be considered as a promising option for the machining of CFRP with a small taper angle.
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Reddy, D. V., Khaled Sobhan, and Jody D. Young. "Fire Resistance of Structural Concrete Retrofitted with Carbon Fiber–Reinforced Polymer Composites." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2522, no. 1 (2015): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2522-15.
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This paper presents an experimental investigation for evaluating the effects of fire exposure on properties of structural elements retrofitted by carbon fiber–reinforced polymers (CFRPs). Mechanical properties of CFRP-strengthened reinforced concrete (RC) members, protected with secondary insulation, were investigated, before and after (residual) direct fire exposure. Direct fire contact resulted in a reduction in capacity of 9% to 20% for CFRP-strengthened RC beams and 15% to 34% for CFRP-strengthened RC columns. Furthermore, a similitude analysis was developed for a heat transfer relationship between full-scale and small-scale specimens, allowing a one-fourth exposure time reduction for the latter. Results from the experimental investigations demonstrated the benefits of employing secondary fire protection to CFRP-strengthened structures, despite the glass transition temperature being exceeded in the early stages of the elevated-temperature exposure. Therefore, it is suggested that fire protection is necessary for a CFRP-strengthened structure to retain integrity throughout the duration of the fire exposure and on return to ambient temperature. The conclusions of this investigation will lead to recommendations and guidelines to designers and practicing engineers for using CFRP materials in retrofitting RC structures with adequate fire resistance by contributing to the missing information for fire protection requirements not available in codes of practice.
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Wang, Jian Hua. "The Study on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams Based on Finite Element Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (January 2012): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.331.
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Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets have recently become popular for use as repair or rehabilitation material for deteriorated carbon fiber reinforced concrete structures. Carbon fiber reinforced concrete beams were analyzed by finite element software ANASYS. Through the finite element analysis, the results showed that using bonded CFRP to strengthen R. C. beams can significantly increase their load carrying capacity. However, the beams with prestressed CFRP can withstand larger ultimate loads than beams with bonded CFRP. Using bonded CFRP to strengthen R. C. beams can obviously reduce the ultimate deflection.
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Zhu, Yansong, Yueke Ming, Ben Wang, et al. "Finite Element Analysis of Lightning Damage Factors Based on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer." Materials 14, no. 18 (2021): 5210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185210.
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While carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are widely used in the aerospace industry, they are not able to disperse current from lightning strikes because their conductivity is relatively low compared to metallic materials. As such, the undispersed current can cause the vaporization or delamination of the composites, threatening aircraft safety. In this paper, finite element models of lightning damage to CFRPs were established using commercial finite element analysis software, Abaqus, with the user-defined subroutines USDFLD and HEAVEL. The influences of factors such as the structural geometry, laminate sequence, and intrinsic properties of CFRPs on the degree of damage to the composites are further discussed. The results showed that when a current from lightning is applied to the CFRP surface, it mainly disperses along the fiber direction in the outermost layer. As the length of the CFRP increases, the injected current has a longer residence time in the material due to the increased current exporting distance. Consequently, larger amounts of current accumulate on the surface, eventually leading to more severe damage to the CFRP. This damage can be alleviated by increasing the thickness of the CFRP, as the greater overall resistance makes the CFRP a better insulator against the imposed current. This study also found that the damaged area increased as the angle between the first two layers increased, whereas the depth of the damage decreased due to the current dispersion between the first two layers. The analysis of the electrical conductivity of the composite suggested that damage in the fiber direction will be markedly reduced if the conductivity in the vertical fiber direction increases approximately up to the conductivity of the fiber direction. Moreover, increasing the thermal conductivity along the fiber direction will accelerate the heat dissipation process after the lightning strike, but the influence of the improved thermal conductivity on the extent of the lightning damage is less significant than that of the electrical conductivity.
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Truong, Gia Toai, Jiho Kim, and Kyoung-Kyu Choi. "Effect of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Electroless Copper Plating on the Tensile Behavior of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (July 19, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8264138.
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Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and nanoscaled electroless copper plating were introduced to enhance the mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites in this study. The influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with weight fractions of 0.5–1.5% of epoxy resin on the mechanical properties of CFRP composites was investigated. The MWCNTs and epoxy resin was first mixed, prior to impregnating the carbon fiber fabrics. Electroless copper plating, a deposit method using simultaneous reactions in an aqueous (copper) solution without external electric power, was applied on the carbon fiber surface, and the effect was also investigated. The CFRP test specimens were fabricated by hand lay-up method, using one or three carbon fiber fabrics. The mechanical properties of the CFRP test specimens were derived by tensile tests according to KS M ISO 527-4. According to the morphology taken by SEM, the carbon fiber surface was significantly rough with copper ions. Because of this, the strength and ultimate strain of coated specimens increased up to 26.3 and 18.6% compared to noncoated specimens, respectively. In addition, as the MWCNTs amount increased, the ultimate strain of the composites also increased. In the case of CFRP test specimens using noncoated carbon fiber fabrics, the addition of 1.5% wt. MWCNTs increased the peak strength and ultimate strain of CFRP specimens up to 80.5 and 48.8%, respectively. Finally, the tensile stress-strain relationship of CFRP specimens was idealized as bilinear or trilinear response curves.
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Tugirumubano, Alexandre, Sun Ho Go, Hee Jae Shin, Lee Ku Kwac, and Hong Gun Kim. "Fabrication and Characterization of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer–FeSi Composites with Enhanced Magnetic Properties." Polymers 12, no. 10 (2020): 2325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102325.
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In this work, we aimed to manufacture and characterize carbon-fiber–polymer–metal-particles magnetic composites with a sandwichlike structure. The composites were manufactured by stacking the plain woven carbon fiber prepregs (or carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP)) and layers of the FeSi particles. The layer of FeSi particles were formed by evenly distributing the FeSi powder on the surface of carbon fiber prepreg sheet. The composites were found to have better magnetic properties when the magnetic field were applied in in-plane (0°) rather than in through-thickness (90°), and the highest saturation magnetization of 149.71 A.m2/kg was achieved. The best inductance and permeability of 12.2 μH and 13.08 were achieved. The composites obviously exhibited mechanical strength that was good but lower than that of CFRP composite. The lowest tensile strength and lowest flexural strength were 306.98 MPa and 855.53 MPa, which correspond to 39.58% and 59.83% of the tensile strength and flexural strength of CFRP (four layers), respectively.
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Gomer, Andreas, Wei Zou, Niels Grigat, Johannes Sackmann, and Werner Schomburg. "Fabrication of Fiber Reinforced Plastics by Ultrasonic Welding." Journal of Composites Science 2, no. 3 (2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs2030056.
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Ultrasonic fabrication of fiber reinforced plastics made from thermoplastic polymer films and carbon or glass fibers enables cycle times of a few seconds and requires investment costs of only some 10,000 €. Besides this, the raw materials can be stored at room temperature. A fiber content of 33 vol % and a tensile strength of approximately 1.2 GPa have been achieved by ultrasonic welding of nine layers of foils from polyamide, each 100 µm in thickness, and eight layers of carbon fibers, each 100 µm in thickness, in between. Besides unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite (CFRP) samples, multi-directional CFRP plates, 116 mm, 64 mm and 1.2 mm in length, width and thickness respectively, were fabricated by processing three layers of carbon fiber canvas, each 300 µm in thickness, and eight layers of polyamide foils, each 100 µm in thickness. Furthermore, both the discontinuous and the continuous ultrasonic fabrication processes are described and the results are presented in this paper. Large-scale production still needs to be demonstrated.
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Subagia, I. D. G. Ary, and Yonjig Kim. "Tensile behavior of hybrid epoxy composite laminate containing carbon and basalt fibers." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 21, no. 2 (2014): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2013-0003.
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AbstractThis paper investigated the effect of the incorporation of basalt fibers on the tensile properties of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy laminates manufactured by vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. The purpose of this research was to design a carbon-basalt/epoxy hybrid composite material that is of low cost in production, is lightweight, and has good strength and stiffness. The tensile strength and stiffness of the hybrid laminates demonstrated a steady, linear decrease with an increase in basalt fiber content, but the fracture strain gradually increased together with the increase in the basalt layer content. In this study, the incorporation of basalt fibers into the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) showed lower tensile strength than CFRP but has higher tensile strain. Furthermore, we found that the arrangement and enhancement of basalt fiber into the CFRP significantly influence the mechanical properties of interply hybrid composites.
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Che, Han Qing, André Liberati, Phuong Vo, and Stephen Yue. "Cold Spray of Mixed Sn-Zn and Sn-Al Powders on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 1892–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.1892.
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Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) have been increasingly used in the latest generations of aircraft and helicopters for lightweight purposes, but this leaves vulnerability against lightning strike. Cold spray is one coating approach to metallize the polymers, thus making them lightning strike proof. It has been reported that direct cold spray of metals onto CFRP is difficult. However, research at McGill University has shown that tin coatings can be cold sprayed on CFRP, but the deposition efficiency is very low. In this work, aluminum and zinc powders were mixed with tin to investigate the effect of mixing on deposition efficiency of the coating. The mixed metal powders were cold sprayed on CFRP with a low-pressure cold spray system at various conditions. It was found that the addition of aluminum or zinc resulted led to increased deposition efficiencies compared to pure tin, but there are many differences in the details of the effect of Al and Zn additions on the deposition characteristics. The deposition mechanism of the mixed metal powders on CFRP is discussed, and the effect of mixing powders on the deposition efficiency is evaluated.
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Bere, Paul, Emilia Sabău, Cristian Dudescu, Calin Neamtu, and Marius Fărtan. "Experimental research regarding carbon fiber/epoxy material manufactured by autoclave process." MATEC Web of Conferences 299 (2019): 06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929906005.
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The fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) represent a group of materials with a very impressive development in the last time. There are used in different applications from aerospace to sports or medicine. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has special properties and tend to replace traditional materials like steel, aluminum alloys or wood. Different procedures were developed to manufacture the CFRP. Autoclave processing can be considered the most important way to obtain the best mechanical properties of this kind of material. In this paper it is presented the autoclave manufacturing process to obtain theCFRP plates. The autoclave polymerization process steps are indicated for the CFRP made of Twill textile prepreg material. The stacking sequence of the layers is [0/90]. To determine the mechanical properties of the material tensile test on standardized specimens was employed. The obtained mechanical material’s properties are comparable with steel but its density was reduced 5.5 times.
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VIEIRA, M. M., A. R. S. SANTOS, A. M. MONT'ALVERNE, L. M. BEZERRA, L. C. S. MONTENEGRO, and A. E. B. CABRAL. "Experimental analysis of reinforced concrete beams strengthened in bending with carbon fiber reinforced polymer." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 9, no. 1 (2016): 123–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952016000100008.
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The use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has been widely used for the reinforcement of concrete structures due to its practicality and versatility in application, low weight, high tensile strength and corrosion resistance. Some construction companies use CFRP in flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams, but without anchor systems. Therefore, the aim of this study is analyze, through an experimental program, the structural behavior of reinforced concrete beams flexural strengthened by CFRP without anchor fibers, varying steel reinforcement and the amount of carbon fibers reinforcement layers. Thus, two groups of reinforced concrete beams were produced with the same geometric feature but with different steel reinforcement. Each group had five beams: one that is not reinforced with CFRP (reference) and other reinforced with two, three, four and five layers of carbon fibers. Beams were designed using a computational routine developed in MAPLE software and subsequently tested in 4-point points flexural test up to collapse. Experimental tests have confirmed the effectiveness of the reinforcement, ratifying that beams collapse at higher loads and lower deformation as the amount of fibers in the reinforcing layers increased. However, the increase in the number of layers did not provide a significant increase in the performance of strengthened beams, indicating that it was not possible to take full advantage of strengthening applied due to the occurrence of premature failure mode in the strengthened beams for pullout of the cover that could have been avoided through the use of a suitable anchoring system for CFRP.
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Ilinykh, G. "Utilization Options for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 12 (2019): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/49/08.
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The article deals with important issues of utilization of polymer composite materials based on carbon fiber (CFRP). Properties of carbon fiber plastics limit possibilities of their utilization with reception of useful secondary products. As an alternative to CFRP disposal three main methods of their recycling are currently known: thermal treatment, based on the thermal decomposition of the polymer matrix, thermochemical treatment, involving simultaneous exposure to temperatures and chemicals, as well as mechanical processing, consisting in crushing and grinding. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, its limitations and recommendations, the analysis of which is presented in the article.
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Li, Wen Sheng, and Kai Wang. "Nonlinear Analysis of R.C Beams Strengthened with CFRP." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 1517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.1517.
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In order to study on the flexural performances of beams strengthened with external bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer（CFRP）sheets, nonlinear analysis is carried out by using software ANSYS. The results show that a reasonable finite element model, using a reasonable solution strategy can be a good simulation of CFRP flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams, and finite element analysis results with the experimental results have good consistency .The beams reinforced by carbon fiber polymer，the capacity of flexural resistance increased with the numbers of carbon fiber paste sheets, reinforced components of flexural capacity significantly improved, but the extent of its increase is not proportional with the numbers of carbon fiber paste sheets.
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Jiao, Shaoni, Jian Li, Fei Du, Lei Sun, and Zhiwei Zeng. "Characteristics of Eddy Current Distribution in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4292134.
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The paper studies the characteristics of eddy current (EC) distribution in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates so as to guide the research and operation of eddy current testing of CFRP. To this end, an electromagnetic field computation model of EC response to CFRP based on the finite element method is developed. Quantitative analysis of EC distribution in plies of unidirectional CFRP reveals that EC changes slowly along the fiber direction due to the strong electrical anisotropy of the material. Variation of EC in plies of multidirectional CFRP is fast in both directions. The attenuation of EC in the normal direction in unidirectional CFRP is faster than that in isotropic material due to faster diffusion of EC. In multidirectional CFRP, EC increases near the interfaces of plies having different fiber orientations. The simulation results are beneficial to optimizing sensor design and testing parameters, as well as damage detection and evaluation.
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Rejeki Laku Utami, Sri. "PENGARUH CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER (CFRP) TERHADAP BALOK BETON BERTULANG." INERSIA: lNformasi dan Ekspose hasil Riset teknik SIpil dan Arsitektur 15, no. 1 (2019): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/inersia.v15i1.24861.
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ABSTRACTThe effect of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) on reinforced concrete beams is expected to contribute to increased ductility. In this study five beam specimens. The first test object is a 3D16 Normal beam that is used as a normal beam. The second test object is a 3D16 CFRP beam which is used as a beam with CFRP treatment. The third test object is a 4D16 Normal beam that is used as a normal beam. The fourth test object is a 4D16 CFRP beam that is used as a beam with CFRP treatment. The fifth test object is the 5D16 CFRP beam used as a beam with CFRP treatment. The dimensions of the beams are 150 x 250 mm, with an effective length of 2000 mm. Pembebanan diberikan One Point Loads, untuk melakukan uji lentur maka pembebanan pada balok direncanakan dengan menempatkan satu buah gaya P secara simetris pada jarak ½ L yaitu sebesar 1000 mm. Dan diberikan perlakuan CFRP pada balok 3D16 CFRP sepanjang 600 mm (2,4 h) ditengah bentang yang panjangnya 2.000 mm dengan perlakuan CFRP Completely Wrapped Member. From the results of testing the maximum flexural capacity in a row for the 3D16 Normal beam is 104.04 kN while the 3D16 CFRP beam has a maximum increase in bending capacity of 119.52 kN while the 4D16 Normal beam has a maximum bending capacity of 161.28 kN while the 4D16 beam CFRP has a maximum increase in bending capacity of 162.64 kN, while the 5D16 CFRP beam has a maximum increase in flexural capacity of 173.16 kN. Keyword: CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer), Flexural StrengthABSTRAKPengaruh Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) pada balok beton bertulang diharapkan memberikan konstribusi terhadap peningkatan daktilitas. Pada kajian ini lima buah benda uji balok. Benda uji pertama adalah balok 3D16 Normal yang digunakan sebagai balok normal. Benda uji ke dua adalah balok 3D16 CFRP yang digunakan sebagai balok dengan perlakuan CFRP. Benda uji ke tiga adalah balok 4D16 Normal yang digunakan sebagai balok normal. Benda uji ke empat dalah balok 4D16 CFRP yang digunakan sebagai balok dengan perlakuan CFRP. Benda uji ke lima dalah balok 5D16 CFRP yang digunakan sebagai balok dengan perlakuan CFRP. Dimensi balok – balok tersebut adalah 150 x 250 mm, dengan panjang efektif 2000 mm. Pembebanan diberikan One Point Loads, untuk melakukan uji lentur maka pembebanan pada balok direncanakan dengan menempatkan satu buah gaya P secara simetris pada jarak ½ L yaitu sebesar 1000 mm. Dan diberikan perlakuanCFRP pada balok 3D16CFRP sepanjang 600 mm (2,4 h) ditengah bentang yang panjangnya 2.000 mm dengan perlakuan CFRPCompletely Wrapped Member. Dari hasil pengujian kapasitas lentur maksimum secara berturut- turut untuk balok 3D16 Normal sebesar 104,04 kN sedangkan pada balok 3D16 CFRP mengalami peningkatan kapasitas lentur maksimum sebesar 119,52 kN sedangkan balok 4D16 Normal memiliki kapasitas lentur maksimum sebesar 161,28 kN sedangkan balok 4D16 CFRP mengalami peningkatan kapasitas lentur maksimum sebesar 162,64 kN, sedangkan balok 5D16 CFRP mengalami peningkatan kapasitas lentur maksimum sebesar 173,16 kN. Kata kunci: CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer), Kuat Lentur
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Cho, Dooyong, Hoseong Jeong, and Kyoungbong Han. "Residual Strength and Deformation Recovery of RC Beams Strengthened with FRPs Plates under the Sustained Load." Polymers and Polymer Composites 26, no. 1 (2018): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739111802600115.
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In this paper, in order to estimate efficacy, creep recovery, and residual strength of Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) strengthened Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams, long-term flexural experiments and static flexural experiments were carried out. For the long-term experiments, the beams were strengthened with a Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) plate and a Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) plate respectively. The beams were placed under sustained loads for about 550 days. After the 550 days, all of the beams were unloaded for the measurement of deformation recovery. The deflection and strains of rebars and FRPs reinforcements were measures for about 60 days. As the result of long-terms experiment, the beams strengthened with CFRP plate showed a better performance in terms of deflection and strains of rebars. And the strengthened RC beams were very effective in terms of deflection control. Furthermore, the strengthened beams have shown immediate deformation recovery. Through the static flexural experiments, it was shown that the CFRP strengthened beam had high residual strength. It seems that the sustained loads did not affect bond and residual strength of the beams.
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Sun, Jinru, Xuanjiannan Li, Xiangyu Tian, Jingliang Chen, and Xueling Yao. "Dynamic electrical characteristics of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite under low intensity lightning current impulse." Advanced Composites Letters 29 (January 1, 2020): 2633366X2094277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2633366x20942775.
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The distribution and conduction path of lightning current inside carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites subjected to lightning strikes are determined by their dynamic conductive characteristics. An experimental platform that generates lightning current impulses with variable parameters was established to obtain the equivalent conductivities of CFRPs with different laminated structures. The experimental results indicated that the through-thickness conductivity (10−3 S/mm) was much lower than the in-plane conductivity (100 S/mm). Then, the dynamic conduction model of CFRPs was analyzed based on the anisotropic nonlinear conductivities of CFRPs under lightning currents of 50–1000 A. The CFRP laminate could be regarded as a series circuit of resistance and inductance. The dynamic conductance of the CFRP laminate first increased and then decreased during the single lightning current strike process, which was closely related to the conductive properties of the interlaminar resin. The inductive properties of the CFRP material were manifested in the test results, which showed that the voltage reached the peak value prior to the current waveform and the equivalent conductivities of the CFRPs increased as the rate of increase decreased and the duration increased. In addition, the equivalent inductance of the carbon fiber network was found to be an important part of the inductive effect of CFRP laminates. This research is helpful for understanding the complicated relationships in the lightning current conducting process and can provide experimental and theoretical support for CFRP coupled electrical–thermal simulation studies of lightning direct effects.
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Hojatkashani, Ata, and Mohammad Zaman Kabir. "Innovative experimental and finite element assessments of the performance of CFRP-retrofitted RC beams under fatigue loading." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 25, no. 4 (2018): 661–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2016-0101.
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Abstract Numerous experimental studies have proven the efficiency of externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) systems on structural concrete elements, such as reinforced concrete (RC) beams. The current paper presents an analytical formulation of mechanical constants based on the results of experimental data, which were acquired from fatigue testing of intact and CFRP-retrofitted RC beams. A total of six scaled RC beams were prepared for the test, three of which were strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs). A specific finite element model coupled with experimental results from the proposed RC beams made it possible to compare the theoretical and experimental fatigue behavior of RC beams with and without composite reinforcement. The developed numerical model was then extended to evaluate a higher number of fatigue load cycles, as recommended by bridge codes. This was carried out to monitor the performance of CFRP-retrofitted RC beams in terms of flexural stiffness deterioration and damage propagation. The relationships presented in this paper were calibrated to the tested specimens. Moreover, they were useful for the design of RC and CFRP-retrofitted RC beams and for predicting fatigue performance, including the damage behavior of constituent materials.
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Condruz, Mihaela Raluca, Cristian Puscasu, Lucia Raluca Voicu, Ionut Sebastian Vintila, Alexandru Paraschiv, and Dragos Alexandru Mirea. "Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials for Proton Radiation Shielding." Materiale Plastice 55, no. 1 (2018): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.18.1.4952.
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Nowadays scientific researchers aim to develop new material designs for space structures that can withstand the harsh conditions in space environment. Another goal is to reduce the weight and the launching cost of the structures. A solution to those needs is to integrate fiber reinforced polymers in spacecraft structural components. Radiation shielding is a requirement that has to be met by the materials used to manufacture space structures. Protons are one of the many charged particles that can influence the integrity of materials in space. In the present study three material designs were developed and their ability to shield proton beam irradiation was evaluated. The material designs consist in advanced composite materials (carbon fiber reinforced polymers - CFRPs) that integrate the concept Low Z - High Z - Low Z (tantalum foil) and metallic coatings. Simulations were performed to determine the penetration depth of an ion beam (energy 15 MeV) in the proposed material designs. It was observed that the beam�s penetration depth through a CFRP sample with Ta foil (sample�s thickness 2.08 mm) was about 75% of the sample�s thickness, 58% for CFRP sample with Babbitt coating (sample�s thickness 2.28 mm), 56% for the CFRP sample with Zn coating (sample�s thickness 2.28 mm) and 55% for the CFRP sample with Zn/Monel coating (sample�s thickness 2.28 mm). It seems that the proposed material designs provide ion beam protection similar with an aluminum sample of 2 mm thickness. The experimental procedure confirmed the results obtained from the simulations, all the material designs providing protection in case of proton beam irradiation with an energy of 15.8 MeV.
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Yang, Qiao, and Xiao E. Zhu. "A Study on Carbon Fiber Influence to Rebar Corrosion in Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3114.
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Rebar corrosion test of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) concrete was did. Carbon fiber in concrete improved the compression strength of the concrete, but width and number of concrete cracks was not reduced, carbon fiber has not obvious act for improving concrete corrosion crack behavior. CFRP concrete Corrosion potential was a little high than common concrete, carbon fiber has not obvious act for improving concrete behavior in protecting steel beyond corrosion. The porosity of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer concrete was twice of the common concrete, carbon fiber added to concrete lead to increase porosity and maybe decrease concrete behavior in protecting the embedded steel in corrosion.
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Shi, Jian, Kiyoshi Kemmochi, and Li Min Bao. "Research in Recycling Technology of Fiber Reinforced Polymers for Reduction of Environmental Load: Optimum Decomposition Conditions of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers in the Purpose of Fiber Reuse." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.142.
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The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of pyrolysis time and temperature on the mechanical properties of recycled carbon fiber, based on tensile strength measurements, determining the optimum decomposition conditions for carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) by superheated steam. In this research, CFRPs were efficiently depolymerized and reinforced fibers were separated from resin by superheated steam. Tensile strength of fibrous recyclates was measured and compared to that of virgin fiber. Although tensile strength of recycled fibers were litter lower than that of virgin fiber, under some conditions tensile strength of recycled fibers were close to that of virgin fiber. With pyrolysis, some char residue from the polymer remains on the fibers and degrees of char on the recycled fibers were closely examined by scanning electron microscopy.
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Gong, You Hong, Ni Hong Yang, Shu Han, Yan Chen, Yu Can Fu, and Sheng Chao Han. "Surface Morphology in Milling Multidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Laminates." Advanced Materials Research 683 (April 2013): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.683.158.
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Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) use in many industries applications has seen a dramatic increase over the last decade. Milling is the most practical machining operation for removing excess material. The work presented details the effect of different cutting parameters on the surface roughness and integrity of machined multidirectional CFRP laminates. The results indicate that the surface morphology mainly relates to the fiber orientation. Increasing cutting speed leads to severe softening, degradation and burning of the matrix material that binds fibers together. The feed speed has little effect on the surface morphology. And the roughness value Ra increases with the feed rate, and decreases with the cutting speed.
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Funabashi, Masahiro, Fumi Ninomiya, Akihiro Oishi, et al. "Round Robin Tests to Determine Fiber Content of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites by Combustion and Thermogravimetry." Journal of Polymers 2017 (November 14, 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4253181.
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To propose methods to determine the fiber content of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) for the International Organization for Standardization, the fiber contents of CFRP with polyamide-6 were measured using a combustion method based on ISO 14127 and a thermogravimetry method based on the modified ISO 9924-3 under a round robin test managed by the Polymer Subcommittee of the Industrial Technology Cooperative Promotion Committee in Japan. In the combustion method, the fiber contents of the CFRTP (~0.3 g) were determined by the mass of carbon fiber remaining after burning (ISO 14127). The fiber contents in weight of the CFRTP with 8, 9, or 10 plies were determined to be 55.720%, 61.088%, or 65.326%, respectively, by 17 research institutes. In the thermogravimetry method, the fiber contents of the CFRTP (~10 mg) were determined by the mass of carbon fiber remaining after heating it to 600°C in nitrogen gas using thermogravimetry apparatus (modified ISO 9924-3). The fiber contents of the CFRTP with 8, 9, or 10 plies were determined to be 56.908%, 61.579%, or 64.819%, respectively, by 8 research institutes. It was confirmed that thermogravimetry method was as accurate as the combustion method based on ISO 14127.
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de la Rosa, Pilar, María de las Nieves González, María Isabel Prieto, and Enrique Gómez. "Compressive Behavior of Pieces of Wood Reinforced with Fabrics Composed of Carbon Fiber and Basalt Fiber." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 2460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062460.
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Given the importance of wood as a building material for hundreds of years, it is often necessary to increase the resilience of existing wood elements. Due to their notable adaptability and high mechanical capacities, materials composed of polymers that have been reinforced with fibers represent a good alternative to traditional reinforcement systems. This study looks at the compressive behavior of prismatic wild pinewood test pieces confined with three types of fabric—one of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and two of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) featuring two very different grammages. The reinforced pieces attain at least 96% greater resistance than the unreinforced pieces (FC300), reaching as much as 133% more resistance in the case of the pieces reinforced with FB600; however, the ductility of the reinforced pieces is much lower than that of the unreinforced, by approximately one-sixth and one-quarter, respectively. The study also allowed us to conclude that there is no relationship between the mechanical capacity of the reinforcement and the ultimate strength of the test piece tested, but there is a strong relationship between the rigidity of the reinforcement and modulus of elasticity and the ultimate strain of the reinforced pieces.
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Artner, Gerald, Philipp K. Gentner, Johann Nicolics, and Christoph F. Mecklenbräuker. "Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer with Shredded Fibers: Quasi-Isotropic Material Properties and Antenna Performance." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6152651.
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A carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate, with the top layer consisting of shredded fibers, is proposed and manufactured. The shredded fibers are aligned randomly on the surface to achieve a more isotropic conductivity, as is desired in antenna applications. Moreover, fiber shreds can be recycled from carbon fiber composites. Conductivity, permittivity, and permeability are obtained with the Nicolson-Ross-Weir method from material samples measured inside rectangular waveguides in the frequency range of 4 to 6 GHz. The decrease in material anisotropy results in negligible influence on antennas. This is shown by measuring the proposed CFRP as ground plane material for both a narrowband wire monopole antenna for 5.9 GHz and an ultrawideband conical monopole antenna for 1–10 GHz. For comparison, all measurements are repeated with a twill-weave CFRP.
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Ajwad, A., U. Ilyas, N. Khadim, Abdullah, M. U. Rashid, and A. Aqdas. "Restoring Initially Cracked Reinforced Concrete Beams utilizing Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Strips." NFC IEFR Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research 7, no. 1 (2019): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24081//nijesr.2019.1.0006.
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Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips are widely used all over the globe as a repair and strengthening material for concrete elements. This paper looks at comparison of numerous methods to rehabilitate concrete beams with the use of CFRP sheet strips. This research work consists of 4 under-reinforced, properly cured RCC beams under two point loading test. One beam was loaded till failure, which was considered the control beam for comparison. Other 3 beams were load till the appearance of initial crack, which normally occurred at third-quarters of failure load and then repaired with different ratios and design of CFRP sheet strips. Afterwards, the repaired beams were loaded again till failure and the results were compared with control beam. Deflections and ultimate load were noted for all concrete beams. It was found out the use of CFRP sheet strips did increase the maximum load bearing capacity of cracked beams, although their behavior was more brittle as compared with control beam.
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Wang, Bin, Yongfeng Sun, Yunzhang Li, and Chuan Zhang. "Debonding Damage Detection in CFRP Plate-Strengthened Steel Beam Using Electromechanical Impedance Technique." Sensors 19, no. 10 (2019): 2296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102296.
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Carbon fiber reinforced polymer materials are widely applied in structure strengthened engineering because of the many advantages of carbon fiber reinforced polymer. However, the debonding damage between the carbon fiber reinforced polymer and host structures occurs frequently, which might lead to the brittle failure of structure components, especially flexural ones. In this paper, an electromechanical impedance-based method, an important technique in structural health monitoring, was adopted to detect the debonding damage of carbon fiber reinforced polymer plate-strengthened steel beam by using lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers. A carbon fiber reinforced polymer plate-strengthened steel beam specimen was fabricated in the laboratory and two PZT sensors were attached at different locations on the carbon fiber reinforced polymer plate. The impedance signatures with variation of the different degrees of the debonding damage were measured by an impedance analyzer. The root-mean-square deviation method and the cross-correlation coefficient method were used to quantify the correlation between the electromechanical impedance and the debonding damage degree. The results reflect that an electromechanical impedance-based structural health monitoring technique can serve as a good method to detect the debonding damage of carbon fiber reinforced polymer plate-strengthened steel structures.
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Cao, Sheng Hu, Zhi Shen Wu, and Feng Li. "Effects of Temperature on Tensile Strength of Carbon Fiber and Carbon/Epoxy Composite Sheets." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 778–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.778.
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With the increased use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites in civil infrastructure, understanding the fire structural performance of these materials is an important safety issue. In this paper, the effect of temperature on the tensile strength of carbon fibers and carbon/epoxy composite sheets was experimentally determined from 20°C to 500°C. Meanwhile, in order to better understand the strength degradation of carbon fiber-polymer composites at elevated and high temperatures, the tension tests were also performed for pure epoxy resin and CFRP sheets by means of 10°C off-axis at the range of 20-80°C, respectively. The experimental results reveal that the strength decrease of carbon composites under tensile loading at elevated and high temperatures is dependent on both thermal softening of the epoxy polymer matrix and thermally-activated weakening of the fibers. The reduction in strength of carbon fiber is attributed to oxidation of the high strength grapheme layer at the near-surface fiber region.
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Lee, Jeong Hwan, Jun Cong Ge, and Jun Hee Song. "Study on Burr Formation and Tool Wear in Drilling CFRP and Its Hybrid Composites." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (2021): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010384.
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As contemporary emerging materials, fiber-reinforced plastics/polymers (FRP) are widely used in aerospace automotive industries and in other fields due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, high stiffness-to-weight ratio, high corrosion resistance, low thermal expansion and other properties. Drilling is the most frequently used process in industrial operation for polymer composite laminates, owing to the need for joining structures. However, it is a great challenge for operators to drill holes in FRP materials, due to the non-homogenous and anisotropic properties of fibers. Various damages, such as delamination, hole shrinkage, and burr and tool wear, occur due to the heterogeneous and anisotropic nature of composite laminates. Therefore, in this study, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)/aramid fiber reinforced polymer (AFRP) hybrid composites (C-AFRP) were successfully synthesized, and their drilling characteristics, including burr generation and tool wear, were also mainly investigated. The drilling characteristics of CFRP and C-AFRP were compared and analyzed for the first time under the same operating conditions (cutting tool, spindle speed, feed rate). The experimental results demonstrated that C-AFRP had higher tensile strength and good drilling characteristics (low thrust and less tool wear) compared with CFRP. As a lightweight and high-strength structural material, C-AFRP hybrid composites have great potential applications in the automobile and aerospace industries after the slight processing of burrs generated during drilling.
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Mohammedameen, Alaa, Abdulkadir Çevik, Radhwan Alzeebaree, Anıl Niş, and Mehmet Eren Gülşan. "Performance of FRP confined and unconfined engineered cementitious composite exposed to seawater." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 28-30 (2019): 4285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319857110.
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Conventional concrete suffers from brittle failures under mechanical behaviour, and lack of ductility results in the loss of human life and property in earthquake zones. Therefore, the degree of ductility becomes significant in seismic regions. This paper investigates the influence of poly-vinyl alcohol fibers, basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) fabrics on the ductility and mechanical performance of low (LCFA) and high (HCFA) calcium fly ash-based engineered cementitious composite concrete. The study also focuses on the mechanical behaviour of the CFRP and BFRP materials using different matrix types exposed to 3.5% seawater environment. Cyclic loading and scanning electron microscopy observations were also performed to see the effect of chloride attack on mechanical performance and ductility of the specimens. In addition, utilization of CFRP and BFRP fabrics as a retrofit material is also evaluated. Results indicated that the degree of ductility and mechanical performance were found to be superior for the CFRP-engineered cementitious composite hybrid specimens under ambient environment, while LCFA-CFRP hybrid specimens showed better performance under seawater environment. The effect of matrix type was also found significant when engineered cementitious composite is used together with fiber-reinforced polymer materials. In addition, both fiber-reinforced polymer materials can be used as a retrofit material under seawater environment.
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Souza, Rafael, Leandro Trautwein, and Mauricio Ferreira. "Reinforced Concrete Corbel Strengthened Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Sheets." Journal of Composites Science 3, no. 1 (2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs3010026.
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This paper presents and discusses the procedures adopted for repairing and strengthening a damaged reinforced concrete corbel of an industrial biomass boiler. The reinforced concrete corbel was subjected to concrete spalling, favoring the risk of the main tie reinforcement slip in the anchorage zone. The proposed solution involved a local repair with a polymeric mortar and subsequent strengthening using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets, attending the requirements imposed by the in site conditions and the design plans. The intervention allowed the confinement of the concrete zone subjected to spalling and provided additional safety for the main tie reinforcement of the corbel. The applied technique was demonstrated to be fast, reliable, practical, and cheaper than other available solutions, such as section enlargements with concrete jacketing.
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Leite, Boniek Evangelista, Rafael Feliciano De Macedo, Wanderley Ferreira Amorim Júnior, and Carlos José de Araújo. "Processing Methodology to Embedding NiTi Shape Memory Fibers into a Polymer-Based Composite Plate." Materials Science Forum 643 (March 2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.643.1.
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The objective of this work was the development of a processing methodology for embedding NiTi fibers into a polymer-based composite plate. A carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) prepreg and NiTi thin wires were used. A uniaxial hot press was prepared to be used in the composite processing. Two prototypes were fabricated to provide fiber alignment and fixation fixture. A CFRP composite plate without fiber and another with NiTi fibers were processed. Micrometers and a universal materials testing machine were used to measure the plate thickness and Young's modulus. It was possible to develop a processing methodology for embedding NiTi fibers into a polymer-based composite plate. The CFRP plate without fiber presented almost no variation in plate thickness and Young's modulus measurement thus enabling the CFRP manufacture by the hot uniaxial press. The fiber fixation fixture developed was able to produce CFRP-NiTi fiber hybrid composites with different number of fibers embedded, the spacing distance between fibers was at least 1 mm and the fiber alignment was achieved.
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Abdulhameed, Ali Adel, and AbdulMuttalib Issa Said. "Behaviour of Segmental Concrete Beams Reinforced by Pultruded CFRP Plates: An Experimental Study." Journal of Engineering 25, no. 8 (2019): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2019.08.05.
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The research aims to develop an innovative technique for segmental beam fabrication using plain concrete blocks and externally bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Laminates (CFRP) as a main flexural reinforcement. Six beams designed and tested under two-point loadings. Several parameters included in the fabrication of segmental beam were studied such as; bonding length of carbon fiber reinforced polymers, the surface-to-surface condition of concrete segments, interface condition of the bonding surface and thickness of epoxy resin layers. Test results of the segmental beams specimens compared with that gained from testing reinforced concrete beam have similar dimensions for validations. The results display the effectiveness of the developed fabrication method of segmental beams. The modified design procedure for externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymers ACI 440.2R-17 was developed for designing segmental beams. The experimental test values also compared with design values, and it was 93.3% and 105.8% of the design values, which indicates the effectiveness of the developed procedure.
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Abdulhameed, Ali A., and AbdulMuttalib Issa Said. "Behaviour of Segmental Concrete Beams Reinforced by Pultruded CFRP Plates: an Experimental Study." Journal of Engineering 25, no. 8 (2019): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2019.08.11.
Full textAbstract:
Research aims to develop a novel technique for segmental beam fabrication using plain concrete blocks and externally bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Laminates (CFRP) as a main flexural reinforcement. Six beams designed an experimentally tested under two-point loadings. Several parameters included in the fabrication of segmental beam studied such as; bonding length of carbon fiber reinforced polymers, the surface-to-surface condition of concrete segments, interface condition of the bonding surface, and thickness of epoxy resin layers. Test results of the segmental beams specimens compared with that gained from testing reinforced concrete beam have similar dimensions for validations. The results show the effectiveness of the developed fabrication method of segmental beams. The modified design procedure for externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymers ACI 440.2R-17 developed for designing segmental beams. The experimental test values also compared with design values and it was 93.3% and 105.8% of the design values which indicates the effectiveness of the developed procedure.