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1
Mishra, Shivam. "Application of Carbon Fibers in Construction." Journal of Mechanical and Construction Engineering (JMCE) 2, no. 2 (2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54060/jmce.v2i2.20.
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Carbon fibers (also known as graphite fibers) are high-performance fibers, about five to ten micrometers in diameter, composed mainly of carbon, with high tensile strength. Plus, they are extremely strong with respect to their size. They have high elastic modulus in comparison with glass fiber. According to the working period, carbon fibre-reinforced polymers possess more potential than those with glass fiber. However, they are relatively expensive as compared to similar fibers, such as glass fiber, basalt fiber, or plastic fiber. Its high quality, lightweight, and imperviousness to erosion, make it a perfect strengthening material. Carbon fibre-reinforced composite materials are used to make aircraft parts, golf club shafts, bike outlines, angling bars, car springs, sailboat masts, and sev-eral different segments which need to have less weight and high quality.
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Yang, Lian Wei, Yun Dong, and Rui Jie Wang. "Wear and Mechanical Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Copper Matrix Composites." Key Engineering Materials 474-476 (April 2011): 1605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.474-476.1605.
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The mechanical properties and wear behavior of short carbon fiber reinforced copper matrix composites was studied. In order to avoid any interfacial pronlems in the carbon fibre reinforced composites, the carbon fibers were coated with copper. The fibers were coated by electroless coating method and then characterized. Composites containing different amounts of carbon fibers were prepared by hot pressing technique. The results show that Carbon fiber/Cu–Ni–Fe composites showed higher hardness, higher wear resistance and bending strength than the common copper alloy when carbon fibers content is less than 15 vol.%. The predominant wear mechanisms were identified as adhesive wear in the alloy and adhesive wear accompanied with oxidative wear in the 12 vol.% carbon fiber/Cu–Ni–Fe composites.
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Zaldivar, Rafael J., Gerald S. Rellick, and J. M. Yang. "Fiber strength utilization in carbon/carbon composites." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 3 (March 1993): 501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.0501.
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The utilization of tensile strength of carbon fibers in unidirectional carbon/carbon (C/C) composites was studied for a series of four mesophase-pitch-based carbon fibers in a carbon matrix derived from a polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin. The fibers had moduli of 35, 75, 105, and 130 Mpsi. Composite processing conditions ranged from the cured-resin state to various heat-treatment temperatures (HTT's) from 1100 to 2750 °C for the C/C's. Room-temperature tensile strength and modulus were measured for the various processing conditions, and were correlated with SEM observations of fracture surfaces, fiber and matrix microstructures, and fiber/matrix interphase structures. Fiber tensile strength utilization (FSU) is defined as the ratio of apparent fiber strength in the C/C to the fiber strength in an epoxy-resin-matrix composite. Carbonization heat treatment to 1100 °C results in a brittle carbon matrix that bonds strongly with the three lower modulus fibers, resulting in matrix-dominated failure at FSU values of 24 to 35%. However, the composite with the 130-Mpsi-modulus filament had an FSU of 79%. It is attributed to a combination of tough fracture within the filament itself and a weaker fiber/matrix interface. Both factors lead to crack deflection and blunting rather than to crack propagation. The presence of a weakened interface is inferred from observations of fiber pullout. Much of the FSU of the three lower modulus fibers is recovered by HTT to 2100 or 2400 °C, principally as a result of interface weakening, which works to prevent matrix-dominated fracture. With HTT to 2750 °C, there is a drop in FSU for all the composites; it is apparently the result of a combination of fiber degradation and reduced matrix stress-transfer capability.
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Bedmar, Javier, Belén Torres, and Joaquín Rams. "Manufacturing of Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced with Carbon Fiber Fabrics by High Pressure Die Casting." Materials 15, no. 9 (May 9, 2022): 3400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093400.
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Aluminum matrix composites reinforced with carbon fiber have been manufactured for the first time by infiltrating an A413 aluminum alloy in carbon fiber woven using high-pressure die casting (HPDC). Composites were manufactured with unidirectional carbon fibers and with 2 × 2 twill carbon wovens. The HPDC allowed full wetting of the carbon fibers and the infiltration of the aluminum alloy in the fibers meshes using aluminum at 680 °C. There was no discontinuity at the carbon fiber-matrix interface, and porosity was kept below 0.1%. There was no degradation of the carbon fibers by their reaction with molten aluminum, and a refinement of the microstructure in the vicinity of the carbon fibers was observed due to the heat dissipation effect of the carbon fiber during manufacturing. The mechanical properties of the composite materials showed a 10% increase in Young’s modulus, a 10% increase in yield strength, and a 25% increase in tensile strength, which are caused by the load transfer from the alloy to the carbon fibers. There was also a 70% increase in elongation for the unidirectionally reinforced samples because of the finer microstructure and the load transfer to the fibers, allowing the formation of larger voids in the matrix before breaking. The comparison with different mechanical models proves that there was an effective load transference from the matrix to the fibers.
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Wang, Xiaojun, Xuli Fu, and D. D. L. Chung. "Strain sensing using carbon fiber." Journal of Materials Research 14, no. 3 (March 1999): 790–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1999.0105.
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Carbon fiber provides strain sensing through change in electrical resistance upon strain. Due to piezoresistivity of various origins, a single carbon fiber in epoxy, an epoxy-matrix composite with short carbon fibers (5.5 vol%), a cement-matrix composite with short carbon fibers (0.2–0.5 vol%), and an epoxy-matrix composite with continuous carbon fibers (58 vol%) are strain sensors with fractional change in resistance per unit strain up to 625. A single bare carbon fiber is not piezoresistive, but just resistive.
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Markovičová, Lenka, Viera Zatkalíková, and Patrícia Hanusová. "Carbon Fiber Polymer Composites." Quality Production Improvement - QPI 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cqpi-2019-0037.
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Abstract Carbon fiber reinforced composite materials offer greater rigidity and strength than any other composites, but are much more expensive than e.g. glass fiber reinforced composite materials. Continuous fibers in polyester give the best properties. The fibers carry mechanical loads, the matrix transfers the loads to the fibers, is ductile and tough, protect the fibers from handling and environmental damage. The working temperature and the processing conditions of the composite depend on the matrix material. Polyesters are the most commonly used matrices because they offer good properties at relatively low cost. The strength of the composite increases along with the fiber-matrix ratio and the fiber orientation parallel to the load direction. The longer the fibers, the more effective the load transfer is. Increasing the thickness of the laminate leads to a reduction in the strength of the composite and the modulus of strength, since the likelihood of the presence of defects increases. The aim of this research is to analyze the change in the mechanical properties of the polymer composite. The polymer composite consists of carbon fibers and epoxy resin. The change in compressive strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the fiber orientation was evaluated. At the same time, the influence of the wet environment on the change of mechanical properties of the composite was evaluated.
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Wang, Jian Ming, Lei Zhao, and Xiao Qin. "Study on the Mechanical Properties of Jute/Carbon Hybrid Composites." Advanced Materials Research 331 (September 2011): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.331.110.
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Carbon fibers were used to lay lengthways into three lays in jute fiber needled mat and the same fiber volume content of jute fiber needled mat were fabricated. Those two mats and the lengthways carbon fibers reinforced vinyl resin composites were made by VARTM. We made a comparison of the hybrid reinforced composites between the test value and the theoretical value which was predicted by establishing tensile and bending math-model and their mechanical properties were analyzed. The results show that there was a certain line between the theoretical value and the test value of the hybrid composites, so we can establish the mixing ratio between jute fiber and carbon fiber during the engineering application. Although the use of carbon fibers had greatly enhanced the tensile properties of hybrid composite, whose tensile strength and tensile modulus increased by 85.94% and 30.99% respectively than that without carbons, the bending model can’t be changed a lot.
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Reichert, Olaf, Larisa Ausheyks, Stephan Baz, Joerg Hehl, and Götz T. Gresser. "Innovative rC Staple Fiber Tapes - New Potentials for CF Recyclates in CFRP through Highly Oriented Carbon Staple Fiber Structures." Key Engineering Materials 809 (June 2019): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.809.509.
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Increasing waste streams of carbon fibers (CF) and carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) lead to increasing need for recycling and to growing amounts of recycled carbon fibers. A main issue in current research for carbon fiber recycling is the reuse of regained fibers. Carbon staple fibers such as recycled fibers hold big potential for mechanical properties of lightweight parts, if used properly. Applying recycled CF (rCF) as milled reinforcement fibers or as nonwoven in carbon fiber reinforced plastic leads to a poor yield of mechanical proper due to low fiber orientation, limitations in fiber volume content or due to short fiber length. The rC staple fiber tape presents a more efficient approach. Recycled carbon fibers are blended with 50 wt. % thermoplastic nylon 6 fibers and processed through a roller card to a sliver, which is a linear fibrous intermediate. The sliver is continuously drawn, formed, heated and consolidated to the thermoplastic rC staple fiber tape. The tape is similar to common carbon fiber tapes or to continuous tows but has different positive properties, such as high fiber orientation, homogeneous blend of fiber and matrix and suitability for deep drawing.
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Radulović, Jovan. "Hybrid filament-wound materials: Tensile characteristics of (aramide fiber/glass fiber)-epoxy resins composite and (carbon fibers/glass fiber)-epoxy resins composites." Scientific Technical Review 70, no. 1 (2020): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/str2001036r.
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In this paper a tensile characteristics of filament-wound glass fiber-aramid fiber/epoxy resins hybrid composites and glass fiber-two carbons fibers/epoxy resins hybrid composites are presented. Basic terms about hybride composite materials (origin, reasons for manufacturing, advantages, definitions, levels of hybridization, modes of classifications, types, categorization, and possible interactions between constituents) and used reinforcements and matrices are described. For a manufacturing of NOL rings four reinforcements (glass fiber, polyamide aromatic fiber and two carbon fibers) and two matrices (high and moderate temperature curing epoxy resin system) are used. Based on experimentally obtained results, it is concluded that hybride composite material consisting of carbon fiber T800 (67 % vol) and glass fiber GR600 (33 % vol) impregnated with epoxy resin system L20 has the highest both the tensile strength value and the specific tensile strength value. The two lowest values of both tensile strength and the specific tensile strength have hybrid material containing aramide fiber K49 (33 % vol) and glass fiber GR600 (67 % vol) and epoxy resin system 0164 and hybrid NOL ring with wound carbon fiber T300 (33 % vol) and glass fiber GR600 (67 % vol) impregnated with the same epoxy resin system. This investigation pointed out that increasing the volume content of aramide fiberK49, carbon fiber T300 and carbon fiber T800 in appropriate hybrid composites with glass fiber GR600 increases both the tensile strength value and the specific tensile strength value and decrease the density value, no matter the used epoxy resin system.
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Xie, Wei, Hai Feng Cheng, Zeng Yong Chu, Zhao Hui Chen, Yong Jiang Zhou, and Chun Guang Long. "Comparison of Hollow-Porous and Solid Carbon Fibers as Microwave Absorbents." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 1336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.1336.
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A series of polyacrylonitrile-based hollow-porous and solid carbon fibers were prepared by pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile-based hollow-porous and solid fibers at the same condition. The microstructure, composition, surface electrical conductivity, electromagnetic parameters and reflectivity of carbon fibers were studied. The microwave absorbing properties of two kinds of carbon fibers as microwave absorbents were parallel investigated. Results show that the apparent density of the hollow-porous carbon fibers is lower than that of the solid carbon fibers due to their hollow-porous structure. The surface electrical conductivity of single solid carbon fiber is nearly 10 times that of the hollow-porous carbon fiber. The -10dB bandwidths of solid carbon fiber composites carbonized at 850 and 950°C are both 0GHz, while those of the corresponding hollow-porous carbon fiber composites are up to 3.05 and 2.62GHz, respectively. Results indicate that the microwave absorbing properties of the hollow-porous carbon fiber composites are better than those of solid carbon fiber composites.
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Heo, Gwang-Hee, Jong-Gun Park, Ki-Chang Song, Jong-Ho Park, and Hyung-Min Jun. "Mechanical Properties of SiO2-Coated Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Mortar Composites with Different Fiber Lengths and Fiber Volume Fractions." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (October 9, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8881273.
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In the present study, SiO2 particles were coated on the surface of carbon fibers by means of chemical reaction of silane coupling agent (glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, GPTMS) and colloidal SiO2 sol to improve the interfacial bonding force between fibers and matrix in cement matrix. The surface of the modified carbon fibers was confirmed through a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties of SiO2-coated carbon fiber mortar and uncoated carbon fiber mortar with different fiber lengths (6 mm and 12 mm) and fiber volume fractions (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%) were compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that the flow values of the carbon fiber mortar were greatly disadvantageous in terms of fluidity due to the nonhydrophilicity of fibers and fiber balls, and the unit weight decreased significantly as the fiber volume fractions increased. However, the air content increased more or less. In addition, regardless of whether the fibers were coated, the compressive strength of carbon fiber-reinforced mortar (CFRM) composite specimens tended to gradually decrease as the fiber volume fractions increased. On the other hand, in case of the SiO2-coated CFRM composite specimens, the flexural strength was significantly increased compared to uncoated CFRM composite specimens and plain mortar specimens, and the highest flexural strength was obtained at 12 mm and 1.5%, particularly. It can be seen that the new carbon fiber surface modification method employed in this study was very effective in enhancing the flexural strength as cement-reinforcing materials.
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Lee, Suhyun, Kwangduk Ko, Jiho Youk, Daeyoung Lim, and Wonyoung Jeong. "Preparation and Properties of Carbon Fiber/Carbon Nanotube Wet-Laid Composites." Polymers 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2019): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101597.
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In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were introduced into carbon fiber (CF) wet-laid composites as functional nano-fillers to fabricate multi-functional composites with improved mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. It was considered that the wet-laid process was most suitable in order to introduce filler into brittle and rigid carbon fiber substrates, and we established the conditions of the process that could impart dispersibility and bonding between the fibers. We introduced polyamide 6 (PA6) short fiber, which is the same polymeric material as the stacking film, into carbon fiber and CNT mixture to enhance the binding interactions between carbon fiber and CNTs. Various types of CNT-reinforced carbon fiber wet-laid composites with PA6 short fibers were prepared, and the morphology, mechanical and electrical properties of the composites were estimated. As CNT was added to the carbon fiber nonwoven, the electrical conductivity increased by 500% but the tensile strength decreased slightly. By introducing short fibers of the same material as the matrix between CNT–CF wet-laid nonwovens, it was possible to find optimum conditions to increase the electrical conductivity while maintaining mechanical properties.
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Ho, C. T., and D. D. L. Chung. "Carbon fiber reinforced tin-superconductor composites." Journal of Materials Research 4, no. 6 (December 1989): 1339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1989.1339.
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Unidirectional and continuous carbon fiber tin-matrix composites were used for the packaging of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7–δ by diffusion bonding at 170 °C and 500 psi. Tin served as the adhesive and to increase the ductility, the normal-state electrical conductivity, and the thermal conductivity. Carbon fibers served to increase the strength and the modulus, both in tension along the fiber direction and in compression perpendicular to the fiber layers, though they decreased the strength in compression along the fiber direction. Carbon fibers also served to increase the thermal conductivity and the thermal fatigue resistance. At 24 vol. % fibers, the tensile strength was approximately equal to the compressive strength perpendicular to the fiber layers. With further increase of the fiber content, the tensile strength exceeded the compressive strength perpendicular to the fiber layers, reaching 134 MPa at 31 vol. % fibers. For fiber contents less than 30 vol. %, the compressive ductility perpendicular to the fiber layers exceeded that of the plain superconductor. At 30 vol. % fibers, the tensile modulus reached 15 GPa at room temperature and 27 GPa at 77 K. The tensile load was essentially sustained by the carbon fibers and the superconducting behavior was maintained after tension almost to the point of tensile fracture. Neither Tc nor Jc was affected by the composite processing.
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SUMIDA, Atsushi. "Reinforced fibers.1.Carbon fiber." Journal of the Japan Society for Composite Materials 16, no. 5 (1990): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.6089/jscm.16.173.
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Xiao, YC, YD Ma, ZC Zheng, XW Meng, M. Wang, Q. Wang, and Y. Chen. "Study on Interfacial Properties of Carbon Nanotube Modified Epoxy Resin/T1000 Carbon Fiber Composites." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2460, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2460/1/012092.
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Abstract This study was made on domestic T1000 carbon fiber to investigate its surface condition, precursor, multifilament, fiber/resin contact angle, fiber/resin interfacial shear strength and interlaminar shear strength. Analysis was carried out to examine the surface physical state of domestic T1000 carbon fiber, the micro-scale interfacial properties and mechanical properties of the composites. The results show that domestic T1000 grade carbon fiber has no inherent characteristic defects such as visible bumps, rough edges or grooves on its surface. It can obtain higher tensile strength. The fiber/resin interfacial test shows that carboxylated carbon nanotubes are well dispersed in the epoxy resin matrix by physical method. The mixed resin matrix has good wettability on carbon fibers and the contact angle of the composite interface decreases. The interfacial shear strength of SYT65 carbon fibers/resin increases by 10.6%, and the interlaminar shear strength increases by 15.7%. Toray T1000 carbon fiber/resin interfacial shear strength increases by 6.1%, and interlaminar shear strength increases by 14.1%. Compared with Toray T1000, the resin system used in this study is more compatible with SYT65 carbon fiber, which can give full play to the mechanical properties of SYT65 carbon fiber.
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Meyer-Plath, Asmus, Dominic Kehren, Anna Große, Romy Naumann, Marcel Hofmann, Tanja Schneck, Antje Ota, et al. "Investigation of the Tendency of Carbon Fibers to Disintegrate into Respirable Fiber-Shaped Fragments." Fibers 11, no. 6 (June 6, 2023): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib11060050.
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Recent reports of the release of large numbers of respirable and critically long fiber-shaped fragments from mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber polymer composites during machining and tensile testing have raised inhalation toxicological concerns. As carbon fibers and their fragments are to be considered as inherently biodurable, the fiber pathogenicity paradigm motivated the development of a laboratory test method to assess the propensity of different types of carbon fibers to form such fragments. It uses spallation testing of carbon fibers by impact grinding in an oscillating ball mill. The resulting fragments were dispersed on track-etched membrane filters and morphologically analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The method was applied to nine different carbon fiber types synthesized from polyacrylonitrile, mesophase or isotropic pitch, covering a broad range of material properties. Significant differences in the morphology of formed fragments were observed between the materials studied. These were statistically analyzed to relate disintegration characteristics to material properties and to rank the carbon fiber types according to their propensity to form respirable fiber fragments. This tendency was found to be lower for polyacrylonitrile-based and isotropic pitch-based carbon fibers than for mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers, but still significant. Although there are currently only few reports in the literature of increased respirable fiber dust concentrations during the machining of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber composites, we conclude that such materials have the potential to form critical fiber morphologies of WHO dimensions. For safe-and-sustainable carbon fiber-reinforced composites, a better understanding of the material properties that control the carbon fiber fragmentation is imperative.
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Yu, Hong, Jessica Sun, Dirk Heider, and Suresh Advani. "Experimental investigation of through-thickness resistivity of unidirectional carbon fiber tows." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 21 (November 22, 2018): 2993–3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318809837.
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In this study, the influence of type of carbon fiber, sizing amount on the fiber surface and the degree of compaction on the through-thickness electrical resistivity of dry unidirectional carbon fiber tows is investigated to validate the conduction pathways and mechanisms proposed by our previously reported micromechanics electrical resistivity model. An automated experimental setup has been developed and implemented, which measures the electrical resistivity and fiber volume fraction of carbon fiber tows under compression in real time. An extensive experimental study is conducted with five types of commercial PAN-based carbon fibers which vary in fiber diameter, number of fibers in a tow including two unsized fibers and three sized fibers with sizing amount of 0.25% and 1.0% by weight. The fiber volume fraction was increased by compacting the fiber tows using a mechanical testing system (Instron, Norwood, MA). The results show that the fiber sizing and fiber volume fraction impact the through-thickness electrical resistivity of carbon fiber tows. Sized fibers demonstrate 1–2 orders of magnitude higher electrical resistivity than the unsized fibers at lower fiber volume fractions (below 45%), while at higher fiber volume fraction (60%–70%), the electrical resistivity of the two fiber systems tends to be of similar magnitude. Fibers with more sizing (1 wt.%) demonstrated 10 times larger through-thickness resistivity than those with less sizing (0.25 wt.%), indicating the significant impact of fiber sizing on electrical resistivity. The results show good agreement with our micromechanics electrical resistivity model.
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Liu, Kui, Ling Hui Meng, Jing Cheng Zeng, and Xue Bin Feng. "Effects of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide on Interfacial Properties of Carbon Fiber." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 2577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.2577.
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In this paper , a new treatment method based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fiber treated by supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) is proposed. This method aiming to obtain a controlled interface is green and pollutionless . The surface state of carbon fibers both untreated and treated on different temperature was studied by using SEM, AFM and XPS. The results show that SCCO2 can erode the surface of carbon fibers. Roughness of modified carbon fiber is higher than that of the untreated. Interfacial properties of the treated carbon fiber /epoxy microcomposites were improved. Interfacial shear strength (ILSS) of CFRP shows that treated carbon fiber /epoxy at a lower temperature can be increased by 17.35%, which means that an effect of optimized interface is obtained.
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MC, Nandini. "Studies on Mechanical and Flexural Strength of Carbon Nano Tube Reinforced with Hemp/Vinyl Ester/Carbon Fiber Laminated Hybrid Composite." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38035.
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Abstract: In Recent days, the natural fibres from renewable natural resources offer the potential to act as a reinforcing material for polymer composites alternative to the use of glass, carbon and other man-made fibres. Among various fibres, Hemp is most widely used natural fibre due to its advantages like easy availability, low density, low production cost and satisfactory mechanical properties. Composite materials play a vital role in the field of materials to meet the stringent demands of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance and near-net shapes. Composite is a structural material that consists of two or more combined constituents that are combined at a macroscopic level and are not soluble in each other. Composites are having two phases that are reinforcing phase like fiber, particle, or flakes & matrix phase like polymers, metals, and ceramics. In this project an attempt is made to prepare different combination of composite materials using hemp/carbon fiber and Carbon nano tube reinforcement and vinyl ester as the matrix material respectively. Composites were prepared according to ASTM standards and following test are carried out Tensile, Flexural and ILSS test. The effect of addition of Carbon nano tubes in hemp/vinyl ester/carbon fibers has been studied & it has been observed that there is a significant effect of fibre loading and performance of hemp/carbon fiber reinforced vinyl ester based hybrid composites with improved results Keywords: Hemp fiber, Vinyl ester, Carbon fiber, Tensile, Flexural and ILSS Test
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Li, Bin, Chang Rui Zhang, Feng Cao, Si Qing Wang, Ying Bin Cao, and Bang Chen. "Surface Oxidation of Carbon Fiber and its Influence on the Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced BN-Si3N4 Composites." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.901.
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Toray T300 PAN-based carbon fibers were surface oxidized in air at 300, 400 and 500 °C. The composition of surface was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), and the monofilaments of original carbon fiber and surface oxidized carbon fibers were tensile tested at room temperature. Three-dimensional carbon fiber reinforced BN-Si3N4 matrix composites were prepared by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis using a hybrid precursor mixed by borazine and perhydropolysilazane. With the increase of the oxidation temperature, the content of size on the surface of fiber reduces, and the tensile strength of carbon fiber declines. Carbon fiber oxidized at 400 °C has a 93% residual strength and the fiber oxidized at 500 °C is seriously decayed. The composite reinforced by original carbon fibers exhibits excellent mechanical properties, including high flexural strength (182.3 MPa) and good toughness; while the composite reinforced by 400 °C oxidized carbon fibers is weak (only 102.4 MPa) and brittle. The distinct difference of mechanical properties between the two composite is attributed to the change of the interfaces between carbon fibers and nitride matrices.
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Zhang, Chun Hua, Jin Bao Zhang, Mu Chao Qu, and Jian Nan Zhang. "Toughness Properties of Basalt/Carbon Fiber Hybrid Composites." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 732–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.732.
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Basalt fiber and carbon fiber hybrid with alternate stacking sequences reinforced epoxy composites have been developed to improve the toughness properties of conventional carbon fiber reinforced composite materials. For comparison, plain carbon fiber laminate composite and plain basalt fiber laminate composite have also been fabricated. The toughness properties of each laminate have been studied by an open hole compression test. The experimental results confirm that hybrid composites containing basalt fibers display 46% higher open hole compression strength than that of plain carbon fiber composites. It is indicated that the hybrid composite laminates are less sensitive to open hole compared with plain carbon fiber composite laminate and high toughness properties can be prepared by fibers' hybrid.
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Jeon, Kyung-Soo, R. Nirmala, Seong-Hwa Hong, Yong-II Chung, R. Navamathavan, and Hak Yong Kim. "A Study on Mechanical Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polycarbonate via an Injection Molding Process." Sensor Letters 18, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4290.
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This manuscript is dealt with the synthesis of short carbon fibers reinforced polycarbonate polymer composite by using injection modeling technique. Four different composite materials were obtained by varying the carbon fibers weight percentage of 10, 20, 30 and 40%. The synthesized carbon fibers/polycarbonate composites were characterized for their morphological, mechanical and thermal properties by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), universal testing machine (UTM) and IZOD strength test. The resultant carbon fibers/polycarbonate composites exhibited excellent interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and polycarbonate resin. The tensile properties were observed to be monotonically increases with increasing carbon fiber content in the composite resin. The tensile strength of carbon fiber/polycarbonate composites with the carbon fiber content 40% were increased about 8 times than that of the pristine polycarbonate matrix. The carbon fibers/polycarbonate composites with 40 wt.% of short carbon fibers exhibited a high tensile strength and thermal conductivity. The incorporation of carbon fiber in to polycarbonate resin resulted in a significant enhancement in the mechanical and the thermal behavior. These studies suggested that the short carbon fiber incorporated polycarbonate composite matrix is a good candidate material for many technological applications.
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Li, Qiang, Jing Yuan Yu, and Xiu Juan Meng. "Study on Preparation and Property of Carbon Fiber/HA Composites by Centrifugal Slip Casting Method." Advanced Materials Research 1058 (November 2014): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1058.180.
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In this paper, centrifugal slip casting method was use to prepare carbon fiber/HA composites using the nanoHA particles and carbon fibers as initial materials. The morphology of the carbon fiber after modification of p-aminobenzoic acid was observed. The rheological characteristic of the carbon fibers/HA slurries was studied. The effects of the centrifugal acceleration on green density uniformity of carbon fiber/HA composites were analyzed. The bending strength and fracture toughness of carbon fiber/HA composites were measured. The results show the roughness of carbon fibers treated by p-aminobenzoic acid increases. At the pH of 10 and 5 wt% dispersant, the HA slurries with 3 vol% carbon fibers have good fluidity. After centrifuged at 2860 G for 30 min, the green compacts of HA composites have high and uniform the green density. After sintered at 1100°C for 1h, compared with carbon fiber/HA composites prepared by dry pressing, the modified carbon fiber/HA composites prepared by centrifugal slip casting have higher bending strength and fracture toughness of 89.4 MPa and 1.92MPa1/2, respectively.
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Shah, Niyati, Joseph Fehrenbach, and Chad A. Ulven. "Hybridization of Hemp Fiber and Recycled-Carbon Fiber in Polypropylene Composites." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (June 5, 2019): 3163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113163.
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In recent years there has been a substantial growth in the use of natural fiber reinforced composite in more advanced applications. However, high strength applications require high mechanical properties. Hybridization of natural fibers with synthetic fibers is an effective method of increasing the field of application and mechanical properties. The effects of hybridizing hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fiber with recycled-carbon fiber were investigated in this study to determine the trends in mechanical properties resulting from varied weight fractions. Characterization of void content was accomplished using micro computed tomography (micro-CT). Through hybridizing hemp fiber and recycled carbon fiber in a polypropylene thermoplastic, a new class of high performance, low cost composites were demonstrated for injection molding applications. This study showcased a 10–15% increase in tensile strength after the reinforcement of recycled-carbon fiber with hemp fiber. A 30–35% increase was observed in the flexure strength after the reinforcement of recycled-carbon fiber with hemp fiber. Impact strength also had an increase of 35–40% for hemp fiber reinforced recycled-carbon fiber polypropylene composites.
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Xie, Wei Jie, Hai Peng Qiu, Ming Wei Chen, and Shan Hua Liu. "Influence of Carbon Fiber Treatment on Flexural Properties of C/SiC Composites." Solid State Phenomena 281 (August 2018): 408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.281.408.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of carbon fiber treatment on flexural properties of carbon fiber reinforced SiC matrix (C/SiC) composites. C/SiC composites were prepared by polymer impregnation pyrolysis (PIP) progress with polycarbosilane (PCS) as impregnant and carbon fiber as reinforcement. The flexural strength at room temperature of the 2D laminated composites were measured and analyzed with different carbon fiber treatment process. It was found that the flexural strength of the composites with carbon fibers coated by pyrolytic carbon was 53.5% higher than that with non-coated carbon fibers. The results also show that the flexural strength of the composites with 1600°C heat treated carbon fibers increased by 25.4% compared with the composites with non-heat treated fibers.
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Liu, Le Ping, He Zhu, Yan He, and Xue Min Cui. "Preparation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Composites." Advanced Materials Research 1081 (December 2014): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1081.275.
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The carbon fiber reinforced geopolymer composites were synthesized with metakaolin, water glass and short carbon fibers. The surface treatment short carbon fibers are homogeneously distributed in the geopolymer matrix. The composites exhibit excellent mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. The flexural strength of the Cf /geopolymer composites reached 27 MPa with carbon fiber content of 2.78 %, and its electrical conductivity are increased from 10-5 to 10-1 S.m-1. However, when the carbon fiber content exceeded 4.15 %, the conductivity of the composites kept a constant.
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Lin, Hai Chen. "Layup Analyzing of a Carbon/Glass Hybrid Composite Wind Turbine Blade Using Finite Element Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 87 (August 2011): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.87.49.
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This thesis use AOC15/50 blade as baseline model which is a composite wind turbine blade made of glass/epoxy for a horizontal axis wind turbine. A finite element modeling of composite wind turbine blade was created using the SHELL element of ANSYS. Then we study how to use the carbon fiber material replaces the glass fiber to make the hybrid blade, and find a suitable layup to improve the performance of the blade. The hybrid blade was made through introducing carbon fibers. Different models, with introducing different number of carbon fibers, 75% carbon fibers replace unidirectional glass fibers in spar cap of blade model which can achieve best structure performance. The wind turbine blades are often fabricated by hand using multiple of glass fiber-reinforced polyester resin or glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin. As commercial machines get bigger, this could not to meet the demands. The advantages of carbon fiber composite materials are used by blade producer. Studies show that carbon fiber has high strength-to-weight ratio and resistance fatigue properties. Carbon fiber is mixed with epoxy resin to make into carbon fiber-reinforced polymer. Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer is the one of best blade materials for resistance bad weather. The stiffness of carbon fiber composite is 2 or 3 times higher than glass fiber composite [1], but the cost of carbon fiber composite is 10 times higher than glass fiber composite. If all of wind turbine blades are made of carbon fiber composite, it will be very expensive. Therefore carbon/glass fiber hybrid composite blade has become a research emphasis in the field of blade materials. This paper gives an example of finite element modeling composite wind turbine blade in ANSYS by means of the medium-length blade of AOC 15/50 horizontal axis wind turbine. This model can be directly used in dynamics analysis and does not need to be imported from the CAD software into finite element program. This finite element modeling of composite wind turbine blade was created using the SHELL element of ANSYS. Then we study how to use the carbon fiber material replaces the glass fiber to make the hybrid blade, and find a suitable lay-up to improve the performance of the blade.
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Lionetto, Francesca. "Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers." Materials 14, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 5545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195545.
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The current demand for lightweight and high-performance structures leads to increasing applications of carbon fiber reinforced polymers, which is also made possible by novel production methods, automation with repeatable quality, the reduced cost of carbon fibers, out of autoclave processes such as resin transfer molding and resin infusion technologies, the re-use of waste fibers, development in preform technology, high-performance, fast-curing resins, etc [...]
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Shoaib, Muhammad, Hafsa Jamshaid, Mubark Alshareef, Fahad Ayesh Alharthi, Mumtaz Ali, and Muhammad Waqas. "Exploring the Potential of Alternate Inorganic Fibers for Automotive Composites." Polymers 14, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 4946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14224946.
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Composites are a promising material for high-specific strength applications; specifically, fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs) are in the limelight for their extraordinary mechanical properties. Amongst all FRPCs, carbon fiber reinforcements are dominant in the aerospace and automotive industry; however, their high cost poses a great obstacle in commercial-scale manufacturing. To this end, we explored alternate low-cost inorganic fibers such as basalt and rockwool as potential replacements for carbon fiber composites. In addition to fibrous inclusions to polymers, composites were also fabricated with inclusions of their respective particulates formed using ball milling of fibers. Considering automotive applications, composites’ mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties were compared for all samples. Regarding mechanical properties, rockwool fiber and basalt fiber composites showed 30.95% and 20.77% higher impact strength than carbon fiber, respectively. In addition, rockwool and basalt fiber composites are less stiff than carbon and can be used in low-end applications in the automotive industry. Moreover, rockwool and basalt fiber composites are more thermally stable than carbon fiber. Thermogravimetric analysis of carbon fiber composites showed 10.10 % and 9.98 % higher weight loss than basalt and rockwool fiber composites, respectively. Apart from better impact and thermal properties, the low cost of rockwool and basalt fibers provides a key advantage to these alternate fibers at the commercial scale.
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Shioyama, Hiroshi, Masaki Narisawa, Kenji Adachi, Kuniaki Tatsumi, and Isao Souma. "Preparation of Carbon Fiber/Carbon Composites Using Intercalated Carbon Fibers." TANSO 1992, no. 153 (1992): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.7209/tanso.1992.197.
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Won, Chan Ho, Tadashi Abe, Tae-Ho Ahn, and Do Keun Kim. "Relationship between fatigue resistance and fracture behavior of the carbon fiber sheet and carbon fiber strand sheet reinforced RC slabs." Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology 25, no. 6 (December 31, 2015): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.6111/jkcgct.2015.25.6.294.
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Won, Chan Ho, Tadashi Abe, and Tae-Ho Ahn. "Mechanical properties of carbon fiber sheet and carbon fiber strand sheet based on carbon fibers for the reinforcement of highway bridge RC slabs." Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology 25, no. 6 (December 31, 2015): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.6111/jkcgct.2015.25.6.290.
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Yang, Peng, Qian Zhou, Xiao-Yang Li, Ke-Ke Yang, and Yu-Zhong Wang. "Chemical recycling of fiber-reinforced epoxy resin using a polyethylene glycol/NaOH system." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 33, no. 22 (October 16, 2014): 2106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684414555745.
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A polyethylene glycol/ NaOH system has been used for chemical recycling of fiber/epoxy resin composites. Solvolysis of the composites based on different fibers, i.e. two PAN-based carbon fibers (Torry T300, T700S) and two glass fibers (non-alkali glass fiber and medium-alkali glass fiber), have been compared. The solubilization degree increases with rising reaction temperature, reaction time, as well as NaOH amount. After reacting at atmospheric pressure for 4 h at 200℃ with 0.1 g NaOH/g composite, a high decomposition efficiency of 84.1–93.0% has been obtained. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that the two recovered carbon fibers and the non-alkali glass fiber have a texture similar to the as-received fibers, except that some residual resin adheres to the surface, while the medium-alkali glass fiber is damaged during recycling. Accordingly, the recycled carbon fibers and the non-alkali glass fiber retain 94–96% of their original strength, while the tensile strength of the recycled medium-alkali glass fiber decreases to below 90% of this value. The two carbon fibers were further characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The carbon structure is slightly oxidized and the degree of graphitization of the recovered carbon fibers slightly decreases.
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Zhang, Qing Bo, Kai Qiang Sui, Li Liu, Da Wei Jiang, Guang Shun Wu, Zi Jian Wu, and Yu Dong Huang. "Effects of Different Sizing Agents on the Interfacial Properties of Carbon Fibers." Materials Science Forum 813 (March 2015): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.813.202.
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In this work, carbon fibers were sized with three different sizing agents in order to improve the performances of carbon fibers and the interface of carbon fibers composites. The surface characteristic was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), at the same time, the single fiber strengths and weibull distributions were also studied in order to understand the effect of different sizing agents on carbon fibers. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the composites was also measured to study the effect of fiber coatings on the interface of the composites. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was also used to analyze the element composition of carbon fiber modified by different sizing agents. This investigation shows that different sizing agents could give a different composition of surface functional group for carbon fiber, which is crucial to the interfacial performance of carbon fiber composites.
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Li, Yeou-Fong, Tzu-Hsien Yang, Chang-Yu Kuo, and Ying-Kuan Tsai. "A Study on Improving the Mechanical Performance of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Cement." Materials 12, no. 17 (August 24, 2019): 2715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172715.
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This study investigated several approaches for silane-removal from the surface of short carbon fiber bundles, and short carbon fibers uniformly dispersed in cement to produce a novel compound of carbon-fiber-reinforced cement. In order to facilitate the uniform distribution of short carbon fibers in the carbon-fiber-reinforced cement, it is necessary to remove the silane from the carbon fiber’s surface. Short carbon fiber bundles were submerged into a pure water, sodium hydroxide solution, and acetic acid solution, and placed in high-temperature furnace used to remove silane from the carbon fiber surface. The results were observed under a scanning electron microscope to determine the level of silane removal from the surface, and an effective method for removing the silane was developed from among the several approaches. This method employed a pneumatic dispersion device to disperse carbon fibers then mixed in a high-early-strength cement which led to an excellent compressive and impact-resistance performance of carbon-fiber-reinforced cement. Final testing showed that the compressive strength and impact energy increased by 14.1% and 145%, respectively.
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Nurmukhametova, Anna N. "Carbon fiber. Obtaining, modification, properties, applications." Butlerov Communications 62, no. 5 (May 31, 2020): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/20-62-5-1.
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The main methods for producing a polyacrylonitrile precursor, methods for producing carbon fiber, its properties, and applications are presented. Patent research in the field of polyacrylonitrile precursor and carbon fiber. Technological problems in the subject area are identified, namely the development of technologies and equipment for producing high-strength carbon fiber, the development of technologies and equipment to reduce the cost of carbon fiber production, the development of technologies for improving the quality of carbon fiber-based composites, and the main ways to solve them are given. Ways to solve them are developing a technology for producing a polyacrylonitrile precursor for producing high-strength carbon fibers by the wet spinning method, developing a “dry-wet” method for producing polyacrylonitrile, developing high-performance equipment for producing technical polyacrylonitrile precursor in the form of bundles, developing technologies and equipment for efficient regeneration and utilization waste, heat and emissions from the production of carbon fibers, the development of new compositions of precursors and the transition to materials with a higher linear density, optimization of the structure of carbon fiber reinforced plastic to increase strength, the development of technologies and the creation of production of modern types of binders, including the addition of nanoparticles. The main methods for modifying the surface of a carbon fiber that are currently existing are considered.
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Fan, Wenxin, Yanxiang Wang, Jiqiang Chen, Yan Yuan, Aiguo Li, Qifen Wang, and Chengguo Wang. "Controllable growth of uniform carbon nanotubes/carbon nanofibers on the surface of carbon fibers." RSC Advances 5, no. 92 (2015): 75735–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra15556h.
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Ucpinar, Bedriye, and Ayse Aytac. "Influence of different surface-coated carbon fibers on the properties of the poly(phenylene sulfide) composites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 8 (August 23, 2018): 1123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318796159.
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This paper aims to study the effect of different surface coatings of carbon fiber on the thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of carbon fiber reinforced poly(phenylene sulfide) composites. To this end, unsized and different surface-coated carbon fibers were used. Prepared poly(phenylene sulfide)/carbon fiber composites were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile test, dynamic mechanical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Tensile strength values of the surfaced-coated carbon fibers reinforced poly(phenylene sulfide) composites are higher than the unsized carbon fiber reinforced poly(phenylene sulfide) composite. The highest tensile strength and modulus values were observed for the polyurethane-coated carbon fiber reinforcement. Dynamic mechanical analysis studies indicated that polyurethane-coated carbon fiber reinforced composite exhibited higher storage modulus and better adhesion than the others. Differential scanning calorimetry results show that melting and glass transition temperature of the composites did not change significantly. Scanning electron microscopic studies showed that polyurethane and epoxy-coated carbon fibers exhibited better adhesion with poly(phenylene sulfide).
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Kim, Dong-Kyu, Woong Han, Kwan-Woo Kim, and Byung-Joo Kim. "Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness of Direct-Grown-Carbon Nanotubes/Carbon and Glass Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Composites." Materials 16, no. 7 (March 24, 2023): 2604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072604.
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In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown under the same conditions as those of carbon fibers and glass fibers, and a comparative analysis was performed to confirm the potential of glass fibers with grown CNTs as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. The CNTs were grown directly on the two fiber surfaces by a chemical vapor deposition process, with the aid of Ni particles loaded on them via a Ni-P plating process followed by heat treatment. The morphology and structural characteristics of the carbon and glass fibers with grown CNTs were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS), and the EMI shielding efficiency (EMI SE) of the directly grown CNT/carbon and glass fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composites was determined using a vector-network analyzer. As the plating time increased, a plating layer serving as a catalyst formed on the fiber surface, confirming the growth of numerous nanowire-shaped CNTs. The average EMI SET values of the carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) and glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) with grown CNTs maximized at approximately 81 and 40 dB, respectively. Carbon fibers with grown CNTs exhibited a significantly higher EMI SET value than the glass fiber-based sample, but the latter showed a higher EMI SET increase rate. This indicates that low-cost, high-quality EMI-shielding materials can be developed through the growth of CNTs on the surface of glass fibers.
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Yang, Huining, Dan Wang, and Huai Yu. "Test and Detection of Antifreezing and Anticorrosion Performance of Carbon Nanofiber Bridge Concrete." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2022 (October 3, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4055128.
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In order to solve the problems of carbon nanotubes, steel fibers, and carbon nanotubes + steel fibers on the compressive strength and impact resistance of concrete, the author proposes a test method for the frost resistance and corrosion resistance of carbon nanofiber bridge concrete. Using carbon nanotubes and steel fibers as reinforcing materials, the effects of carbon nanotubes and steel fibers on the compressive strength and impact resistance of concrete were studied. Experimental results show that incorporating carbon nanotubes and steel fibers can improve the compressive strength of concrete. Compared with the single-doped carbon nanotubes, the single-doped steel fiber has a greater effect on the improvement of the impact resistance of the concrete. The toughness and ductility of carbon nanotubes and steel fiber reinforced concrete are improved again compared with that of single steel fiber reinforced concrete. The effect of adding 1% steel fiber +0.30% carbon nanotubes is the most significant in enhancing the performance of concrete. Conclusion. The synergistic effect of carbon nanotubes and steel fibers is more conducive in complementing each other's advantages and improving the performance of concrete.
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Zhou, Le, and Hong Tao Liu. "Calculation Method of Flexural Bearing Capacity of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 5080–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.5080.
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To study further mechanical behavior of flexural members of carbon fiber reinforced concrete, this text uses the methods of fiber materials composite principles and balance equations, and derives the elastic modulus of the carbon fiber concrete. The acting principle of carbon fiber in the concrete is analyzed. Based on three bearing stages of carbon fiber reinforced concrete beam, the calculation formulas to flexural bearing capacity of carbon fiber reinforced concrete are given. It is theoretical basis of implication of carbon fibers in civil engineering.
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Bambach, Mike R. "Direct Comparison of the Structural Compression Characteristics of Natural and Synthetic Fiber-Epoxy Composites: Flax, Jute, Hemp, Glass and Carbon Fibers." Fibers 8, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib8100062.
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Recent decades have seen substantial interest in the use of natural fibers in continuous fiber reinforced composites, such as flax, jute and hemp. Considering potential applications, it is of particular interest how natural fiber composites compare to synthetic fiber composites, such as glass and carbon, and if natural fibers can replace synthetic fibers in existing applications. Many studies have made direct comparisons between natural and synthetic fiber composites via material coupon testing; however, few studies have made such direct comparisons of full structural members. This study presents compression tests of geometrically identical structural channel sections fabricated from fiber-epoxy composites of flax, jute, hemp, glass and carbon. Glass fiber composites demonstrated superior tension material coupon properties to natural fiber composites. However, for the same fiber mass, structural compression properties of natural fiber composite channels were generally equivalent to, or in some cases superior to, glass fiber composite channels. This indicates there is substantial potential for natural fibers to replace glass fibers in structural compression members. Carbon fiber composites were far superior to all other composites, indicating little potential for replacement with natural fibers.
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Gu, Hong Xing, Hao Jing Wang, and Li Dong Fan. "Structure Characterization and Property Analysis of HKT800 Carbon Fiber." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.183.
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The characterization and properties of the HKT800 carbon fiber were performed, and results showed that the tensile strength, tensile modulus and tensile elongation of HKT800 carbon fiber reached 5.6 GPa, 290 GPa and 1.9 %, respectively. The Cv value of all index was less than 3 %, and there were a few HKT800 carbon fibers belong to the cashew type. Furthermore, the surface activity of 6 K carbon fibers was higher than that of the 12 K carbon fibers after the same surface treatment. It was found that the sizing agent existed on the surface of HKT800 carbon fiber was epoxy resin.
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Gouda, Shivakumar, Anant Joshi, Sridhar I, Umarfarooq M A, Vinayak Uppin, Jyoti Vastrad, Nabaneeta Gogoi, and Abhilash Edacherian. "Crack suppression by natural fiber integration for improved interlaminar fracture toughness in fiber hybrid composites." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 16, no. 60 (March 25, 2022): 158–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.60.12.
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In this paper, the effect of integration of natural fibers in UD carbon fiber is studied. The integration of natural fibers in carbon fiber is made via intra fiber hybridization. Natural fiber hybrid composite samples were prepared for Mode I and Mode II fracture tests. XRD analysis was done for the chosen natural fibres to know the crystallinity index and then compared with Carbon and Glass fibres. The fracture test experimental results, revealed that the effect of Jute fiber integration in UD Carbon epoxy composite was found significant in getting relatively good Mode I and II fracture toughness at the crack initiation without losing its stiffness. In addition to this Kenaf Carbon epoxy composite indicated better crack suppression with 30% higher propagation toughness values as compared other hybrid combinations and pristine composites. It is observed that integration of jute fibers in UD carbon epoxy composites was significant in achieving good mode I and mode II fracture toughness at the crack initiation without losing its stiffness and also kenaf carbon epoxy composites indicated better crack suppression with 30% higher propagation toughness as compared to other hybrid combinations used.
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Altin, Yasin, Hazal Yilmaz, Omer Faruk Unsal, and Ayse Celik Bedeloglu. "Graphene oxide modified carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites." Journal of Polymer Engineering 40, no. 5 (May 26, 2020): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2019-0247.
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AbstractThe interfacial interaction between the fiber and matrix is the most important factor which influences the performance of the carbon fiber-epoxy composites. In this study, the graphitic surface of the carbon fibers was modified with graphene oxide nanomaterials by using a spray coating technique which is an easy, cheap, and quick method. The carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composites were prepared by hand layup technique using neat carbon fibers and 0.5, 1 and 2% by weight graphene oxide (GO) modified carbon fibers. As a result of SEM analysis, it was observed that GO particles were homogeneously coated on the surface of the carbon fibers. Furthermore, Young's modulus increased from 35.14 to 43.40 GPa, tensile strength increased from 436 to 672 MPa, and the elongation at break was maintained around 2% even in only 2% GO addition.
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Daoush, Walid M., Turki S. Albogmy, Moath A. Khamis, and Fawad Inam. "Syntheses and Step-by-Step Morphological Analysis of Nano-Copper-Decorated Carbon Long Fibers for Aerospace Structural Applications." Crystals 10, no. 12 (November 28, 2020): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10121090.
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Carbon long fiber/copper composites were prepared using electroless and electroplating methods with copper metal for potential aerospace applications. Carbon fibers were heat-treated at 450 °C followed by acid treatment before the metallization processes. Three different methods of metallization processes were applied: electroless silver deposition, electroless copper deposition and electroplating copper deposition. The metallized carbon fibers were subjected to copper deposition via two different routes. The first method was the electroless deposition technique in an alkaline tartrate bath using formaldehyde as a reducing agent of the copper ions from the copper sulphate solution. The second method was conducted by copper electroplating on the chemically treated carbon fibers. The produced carbon fiber/copper composites were extensively investigated by Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) supported with an Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX) unit to analyze the size, surface morphology, and chemical composition of the produced carbon long fiber/copper composites. The results show that the carbon fiber/copper composites prepared using the electroplating method had a coated type surface morphology with good adhesion between the copper coated layer and the surface of the carbon fibers. However, the carbon fiber/copper composites prepared using the electroless deposition had a decorated type morphology. Moreover, it was observed that the metallized carbon fibers using the silver method enhanced the electroless copper coating process with respect to the electroless copper coating process without silver metallization. The electrical conductivity of the carbon fiber/copper composites was improved by metallization of the carbon fibers using silver, as well as by the electrodeposition method.
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Ting, J., and M. L. Lake. "Diamond-coated carbon fiber." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 3 (March 1994): 636–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.0636.
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Diamond deposition was attempted on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber and vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF). PAN fibers were severely etched in a microwave plasma, whereas diamond was successfully deposited on VGCF. A diamond growth rate of 0.1 μm/h on VGCF was determined at a gas mixture of 99.9 sccm H2/0.1 sccm CH4 and a pressure of 30 Torr. It is proposed that diamond formation on VGCF occurs on not only the prism planes, but also the basal planes owing to the unique structure of VGCF. An explanation is proposed to explain diamond nucleation on the basal planes.
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Ślosarczyk, Agnieszka, Łukasz Klapiszewski, Tomasz Buchwald, Piotr Krawczyk, Łukasz Kolanowski, and Grzegorz Lota. "Carbon Fiber and Nickel Coated Carbon Fiber–Silica Aerogel Nanocomposite as Low-Frequency Microwave Absorbing Materials." Materials 13, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020400.
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Silica aerogel-based materials exhibit a great potential for application in many industrial applications due to their unique porous structure. In the framework of this study, carbon fiber and nickel coated carbon fiber–silica aerogel nanocomposites were proposed as effective electromagnetic shielding material. Herein, the initial oxidation of the surface of carbon fibers allowed the deposition of a durable Ni metallic nanolayer. The fibers prepared in this way were then introduced into a silica aerogel structure, which resulted in obtaining two nanocomposites that differed in terms of fiber volume content (10% and 15%). In addition, analogous systems containing fibers without a metallic nanolayer were studied. The conducted research indicated that carbon fibers with a Ni nanolayer present in the silica aerogel structure negatively affected the structural properties of the composite, but were characterized by two-times higher electrical conductivity of the composite. This was because the nickel nanolayer effectively blocked the binding of the fiber surface to the silica skeleton, which resulted in an increase of the density of the composite and a reduction in the specific surface area. The thermal stability of the material also deteriorated. Nevertheless, a very high electromagnetic radiation absorption capacity between 40 and 56 dB in the frequency range from 8 to 18 GHz was obtained.
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Li, Yeou-Fong, Hsin-Fu Wang, Jin-Yuan Syu, Gobinathan Kadagathur Ramanathan, Ying-Kuan Tsai, and Man Hoi Lok. "Mechanical Properties of Aramid/Carbon Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Concrete." Materials 14, no. 19 (October 8, 2021): 5881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195881.
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In this study, aramid fiber (Kevlar® 29 fiber) and carbon fiber were added into concrete in a hybrid manner to enhance the static and impact mechanical properties. The coupling agent presence on the surface of carbon fibers was spotted in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) graphs. The carbon fiber with a coupling agent affected the mechanical strength of the reinforced concrete. At 1% fiber/cement weight percentage, the hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete (HFRC) prepared using Kevlar fiber and carbon fiber of 12 and 24 mm in length under different mix proportions was investigated to determine the maximum mechanical strengths. From the test results, the mechanical strength of the HFRC attained better performance than that of the concrete with only Kevlar or carbon fibers. Foremost, the mix proportion of Kevlar/carbon fiber (50–50%) significantly improved the compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths. Under different impact energies, the impact resistance of the HFRC specimen was much higher than that of the benchmark specimen, and the damage of the HFRC specimens was examined with an optical microscope to identify slippage or rupture failure of the fiber in concrete.
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Koppisetty, Sailesh M., Sneha B. Cheryala, and Chandra S. Yerramalli. "The effect of fiber distribution on the compressive strength of hybrid polymer composites." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 38, no. 2 (October 4, 2018): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684418804346.
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The effect of fiber distribution, in glass/carbon hybrid fiber composites, on the compressive kinking strength is studied using a 3D finite element-based micromechanical model. Existing experimental data from literature have indicated negative effects of hybridizing glass to carbon on the compressive strength. In this study a micromechanical modeling approach has been adopted to study the role of relative locations of glass and carbon fibers and their distributions on the predicted peak compressive strength. In the micromechanical model, the hybridization ratio was varied by changing the number of glass fibers relative to the number of carbon fibers. The effect of fiber distribution was studied by changing the interfiber spacing and location. Results obtained from the analysis indicate the importance of symmetric fiber distribution. It was found that the distribution with glass fiber in the center with a distribution of carbon fibers on the exterior is able to enhance the compressive strength as compared to an unsymmetrical arrangement of fibers in the model.