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Journal articles on the topic 'Carbon monoxide Catalysts'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Wang, Lin Tong. "Oxidation of Copper Zinc Oxide Catalysts by Carbon Monoxide." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.564.

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Copper zinc oxide catalysts are effective for the ambient temperature carbon monoxide oxidation and display higher specific activity than the current commercial hopcalite catalyst. We investigate the copper zinc oxide catalyst prepared by co-precipitation under different atmospheres for the oxidation of carbon monoxide at low temperatures and these systems are now worthy of further investigation.

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2

Edwards, Jennifer, Philip Landon, Albert F. Carley, Andrew A. Herzing, Masashi Watanabe, Christopher J. Kiely, and Graham J. Hutchings. "Nanocrystalline gold and gold–palladium as effective catalysts for selective oxidation." Journal of Materials Research 22, no. 4 (April 2007): 831–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0117.

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The recent interest in oxidation catalysis provides the focus for this article. Until recently, gold has been overlooked as a key component of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. However, the observation in the 1980s that nanocrystalline gold supported on oxides was an effective catalyst for low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation has now captured the imagination of many researchers. At present, low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation remains an intensely studied field, but in recent years increased emphasis has been placed on using gold catalysts for selective oxidation. For example, the oxidation of alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols have all been shown to be effective with gold-based catalysts. In addition gold–palladium bimetallic catalysts have been shown to be very effective for the direct formation of hydrogen peroxide, and this will be described in this article.

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3

Al Soubaihi, Rola Mohammad, Khaled Mohammad Saoud, Myo Tay Zar Myint, Mats A. Göthelid, and Joydeep Dutta. "CO Oxidation Efficiency and Hysteresis Behavior over Mesoporous Pd/SiO2 Catalyst." Catalysts 11, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11010131.

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Carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation is considered an important reaction in heterogeneous industrial catalysis and has been extensively studied. Pd supported on SiO2 aerogel catalysts exhibit good catalytic activity toward this reaction owing to their CO bond activation capability and thermal stability. Pd/SiO2 catalysts were investigated using carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation as a model reaction. The catalyst becomes active, and the conversion increases after the temperature reaches the ignition temperature (Tig). A normal hysteresis in carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation has been observed, where the catalysts continue to exhibit high catalytic activity (CO conversion remains at 100%) during the extinction even at temperatures lower than Tig. The catalyst was characterized using BET, TEM, XPS, TGA-DSC, and FTIR. In this work, the influence of pretreatment conditions and stability of the active sites on the catalytic activity and hysteresis is presented. The CO oxidation on the Pd/SiO2 catalyst has been attributed to the dissociative adsorption of molecular oxygen and the activation of the C-O bond, followed by diffusion of adsorbates at Tig to form CO2. Whereas, the hysteresis has been explained by the enhanced stability of the active site caused by thermal effects, pretreatment conditions, Pd-SiO2 support interaction, and PdO formation and decomposition.

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4

Pham, Thien, Viet Bui, Thi Phan, and Ha Than. "CO oxidation over alumina monolith impregnated with oxides of copper and manganese." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 86, no. 6 (2021): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc200509004p.

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In this work, simple methods for the preparation of highly efficient heterogeneous nanocatalysts for the low-temperature oxidation of CO are described. The main advantages of the reaction are high yields. The catalysts based on oxides of copper and manganese supported on alumina monoliths were prepared by different methods: plasma corona discharge and wet impregnation. Structure and physical properties of catalysts were characterized by FT- -IR, XRD, TEM, EDX and TG/DTA. The results showed that the use of a plasma corona discharge at atmospheric pressure for the preparation of the catalysts resulted in smaller particle size and uniform dispersion when compared with the catalysts prepared by wet impregnation methods. The catalytic activities of these catalysts were investigated for complete oxidation of carbon monoxide (3000 ppm) to carbon dioxide in the air at atmospheric pressure. On a single oxide catalyst, 10CuO/monolith was better than 10MnO2/monolith under the same experimental conditions. With multi-oxide catalysts, all catalyst samples are more active than a single-oxide catalyst with the same impregnated content. In particular, the catalyst prepared by plasma corona discharge indicates the best oxidation capacity of carbon monoxide.

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5

Tada, S., and R. Kikuchi. "Mechanistic study and catalyst development for selective carbon monoxide methanation." Catalysis Science & Technology 5, no. 6 (2015): 3061–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy00150a.

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6

Bradley, David. "Core–shell catalysts tolerate carbon monoxide." Materials Today 16, no. 11 (November 2013): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2013.10.004.

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7

Hangas, J. W., G. W. Graham, R. W. McCabe, and W. Chun. "Carbon Filament Growth on Fully Formulated Pd/Rh Automotive Catalysts." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600032827.

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Automotive exhaust catalysts are typically operated under stoichiometric conditions to minimize nitrogen oxide, hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide pollutants. These catalysts do not form carbon filaments under normal operating conditions. In development of catalysts, however, a stabilization procedure is sometimes utilized on used catalysts (dynamometer or vehicle) to purge the catalyst of sulfur prior to measuring the catalytic activity in sweep and light-off testing. The stabilization procedure consists of running the catalyst under rich (excess fuel) conditions for 0.5hr. This study documents the existence of carbon filaments due to the stabilization procedure and discusses the effect of filaments on subsequent testing.Two separate catalysts were used in this study. The first was a 50,000 mile vehicle aged catalyst that had also been through the stabilization procedure and then sweep and light-off tested. The other was only dynamometer aged for 120hr at 850°C (1560°F).

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8

Qin, Ruixuan, Pei Wang, Pengxin Liu, Shiguang Mo, Yue Gong, Liting Ren, Chaofa Xu, et al. "Carbon Monoxide Promotes the Catalytic Hydrogenation on Metal Cluster Catalysts." Research 2020 (July 17, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/4172794.

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Size effect plays a crucial role in catalytic hydrogenation. The highly dispersed ultrasmall clusters with a limited number of metal atoms are one candidate of the next generation catalysts that bridge the single-atom metal catalysts and metal nanoparticles. However, for the unfavorable electronic property and their interaction with the substrates, they usually exhibit sluggish activity. Taking advantage of the small size, their catalytic property would be mediated by surface binding species. The combination of metal cluster coordination chemistry brings new opportunity. CO poisoning is notorious for Pt group metal catalysts as the strong adsorption of CO would block the active centers. In this work, we will demonstrate that CO could serve as a promoter for the catalytic hydrogenation when ultrasmall Pd clusters are employed. By means of DFT calculations, we show that Pdn n=2‐147 clusters display sluggish activity for hydrogenation due to the too strong binding of hydrogen atom and reaction intermediates thereon, whereas introducing CO would reduce the binding energies of vicinal sites, thus enhancing the hydrogenation reaction. Experimentally, supported Pd2CO catalysts are fabricated by depositing preestablished [Pd2(μ-CO)2Cl4]2- clusters on oxides and demonstrated as an outstanding catalyst for the hydrogenation of styrene. The promoting effect of CO is further verified experimentally by removing and reintroducing a proper amount of CO on the Pd cluster catalysts.

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9

Wu, Taichun, Mengyu Gan, Li Ma, Shuang Wei, Qinglan Fu, Yanling Yang, TingTing Li, Fei Xie, Wang Zhan, and Xiujuan Zhong. "Pt-based nanoparticles decorated by phosphorus-doped CuWO4 to enhance methanol oxidation activity." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 25 (2021): 11035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj01134k.

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DMFCs are promising power storage devices, while for methanol oxidation reaction, weak catalysis and carbon monoxide poisoning greatly limit their wide commercialization, so it's greatly necessary to exploit the anode catalysts with high performance.

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10

Dey, Subhashish, Ganesh Chandra Dhal, Devendra Mohan, and Ram Prasad. "Study of Hopcalite (CuMnOx) Catalysts Prepared Through A Novel Route for the Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide at Low Temperature." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 12, no. 3 (October 28, 2017): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.12.3.882.393-407.

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Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poisonous gas, recognized as a silent killer. The gas is produced by incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuel. Recent studies have shown that hopcalite group is one of the promising catalysts for CO oxidation at low temperature. In this study, hopcalite (CuMnOx) catalysts were prepared by KMnO4 co-precipitation method followed by washing, drying the precipitate at different temperatures (22, 50, 90, 110, and 120 oC) for 12 h in an oven and subsequent calcination at 300 oC in stagnant air, flowing air and in a reactive gas mixture of (4.5% CO in air) to do the reactive calcination (RC). The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, XPS, and BET techniques. The activity of the catalysts was evaluated in a tubular reactor under the following conditions: 100 mg catalyst, 2.5% CO in air, total flow rate 60 mL/min and temperature varying from ambient to a higher value, at which complete oxidation of CO was achieved. The order of calcination strategies based on activity for hopcalite catalysts was observed to be as: RC > flowing air > stagnant air. In the kinetics study of CuMnOx catalyst prepared in RC conditions the frequency factor and activation energy were found to be 5.856×105 (g.mol)/(gcat.h) and 36.98 kJ/gmol, respectively. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 28th December 2016; Revised: 19th April 2017; Accepted: 19th April 2017; Available online: 27th October 2017; Published regularly: December 2017How to Cite: Dey, S., Dhal, G.C., Mohan, D., Prasad, R. (2017). Study of Hopcalite (CuMnOx) Catalysts Prepared through A Novel Route for the Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide at Low Temperature. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 12 (3): 393-407 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.3.882.393-407)

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11

Dey, Subhashish, and Ganesh Chandra Dhal. "Cerium catalysts applications in carbon monoxide oxidations." Materials Science for Energy Technologies 3 (2020): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2019.09.003.

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12

Subrahmanyam, M., S. J. Kulkarni, and A. V. Rama Rao. "Amination of carbon monoxide over zeolite catalysts." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 8 (1992): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39920000607.

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13

Kim, Hyun-Gyu, Kyung Hee Lee, and Jae Sung Lee. "Carbon monoxide hydrogenation over molybdenum carbide catalysts." Research on Chemical Intermediates 26, no. 5 (January 2000): 427–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856700x00435.

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14

Panich, N. M., T. A. Lagutina, and G. N. Pirogova. "Hydrogenation of carbon monoxide over technetium catalysts." Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences Division of Chemical Science 41, no. 7 (July 1992): 1161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00864173.

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15

Chen, Kaidong, Yining Fan, Zheng Hu, and Qijie Yan. "Carbon monoxide hydrogenation on Fe2O3/ZrO2 catalysts." Catalysis Letters 36, no. 3-4 (September 1996): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00807610.

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16

Tang, Xiaolan, Baocai Zhang, Yong Li, Yide Xu, Qin Xin, and Wenjie Shen. "Carbon monoxide oxidation over CuO/CeO2 catalysts." Catalysis Today 93-95 (September 2004): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2004.06.040.

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17

You-Sing, Yong, and Russel F. Howe. "Carbon monoxide hydrogenation over molybdenum zeolite catalysts." Journal of Molecular Catalysis 38, no. 3 (December 1986): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-5102(86)85039-8.

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18

Wang, Wei-Jye, Hsin-Yu Lin, and Yu-Wen Chen. "Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation on Cobalt/Zeolite Catalysts." Journal of Porous Materials 12, no. 1 (January 2005): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10934-005-5227-y.

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19

Samotaev, Nikolay, and Alexey Vasiliev. "Mixed Cerium/Zirconium Oxide as a Material for Carbon Monoxide Thermocatalytic Gas Sensor." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (December 4, 2018): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130841.

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The perspective catalysts usable for the fabrication of thermocatalytic gas sensors were studied. The analysis of CO oxidation kinetics by Pd decorated Al2O3, ZSM-5, SnO2, CeO2/ZrO2 and some other carriers of catalysts showed that the application of these catalysts leads to the ambiguity of sensor response (light-off effect). It was demonstrated that a catalyst based on CeO2/ZrO2 carrier could be used for the fabrication of sensors characterized by the univocal correspondence between CO concentration and sensor response. The developed model of the CO oxidation on all Pd catalysts with inert carrier enabled the description of the CO oxidation using a single value of activation energy.

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20

Triyono, Triyono. "EFFECT OF IMPREGNATION PROCEDURE OF Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ CATALYSTS UPON CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF CO." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 2, no. 1 (June 5, 2010): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21927.

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The oxidation of carbon monoxide by oxygen using two catalysts prepared by two different methods has been investigated. In the first method, catalyst prepared by immersing γ-Al2O3 into the hexa-chloroplatinic acid solution at 80oC for 4 h, resulted Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst having platinum highly dispersed on the support. While that of immersing γ-Al2O3 in the hexa-chloroplatinic acid solution at room temperature for 12 h, produced Pt/ γ-Al2O3 catalyst where platinum dispersion was much lower. Catalytic activity test showed that platinum well dispersed on the support enhanced the activity of oxidation of carbon monoxide. The platinum impregnated at room temperature resulted in the poor activity. Keyword: Catalyst, CO Oxidation, Platinum.

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21

Triyono, Triyono. "EFFECT OF IMPREGNATION PROCEDURE OF Pt/γ-AL₂O₃ CATALYSTS UPON CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF CO." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 3, no. 2 (June 8, 2010): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21892.

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The oxidation of carbon monoxide by oxygen using two catalysts prepared by two different methods has been investigated. In the first method, catalyst prepared by immersing γ-Al2O3 into the hexa-chloroplatinic acid solution at 80oC for 4 h, resulted Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalyst having platinum highly dispersed on the support. While that of immersing γ-Al2O3 in the hexa-chloroplatinic acid solution at room temperature for 12 h, produced Pt/ γ-Al2O3 catalyst where platinum dispersion was much lower. Catalytic activity test showed that platinum well dispersed on the support enhanced the activity for oxidation of carbon monoxide. The platinum impregnated at room temperature resulted in the poor activity. Keywords: platinum catalyst, alumina, supported material, oxidation

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22

Tsoncheva, Tanya, Radostin Nickolov, Svetoslava Vankova, and Dimitar Mehandjiev. "CuO activated carbon catalysts for methanol decomposition to hydrogen and carbon monoxide." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 81, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 1096–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-146.

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A comparison of the abilities of CuO activated carbon catalysts, prepared by different copper precursors and preparation techniques, in the methanol decomposition reaction to carbon monoxide and hydrogen was undertaken. Higher catalytic activity and stability are found for the catalysts obtained from an ammonia solution of copper carbonate. The nature of the catalytic active complex in the samples is also discussed. Key words: methanol decomposition, CuO activated carbon catalysts, catalytic active complex.

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23

Fang, Dan, and Sri Narayan. "New Electrocatalysts Prepared by Co-Sputter Deposition for the Direct Oxidation of Methanol." Journal of Energy and Power Technology 03, no. 03 (May 25, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/jept.2103038.

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Direct methanol oxidation catalysts Pt1-x-Tax (0<x<1) were prepared using co-sputter deposition. Characterization of these thin film catalysts was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Assessment of the methanol oxidation activity of Pt1-x-Tax catalysts were achieved through half-cell experiments. Among all the Pt1-x-Tax catalysts, Pt0.77-Ta0.23 catalyst showed the best electrochemical area specific activity which was comparable to platinum-ruthenium alloy on carbon (PtRu/C) catalysts. Pt1-x-Tax catalysts worked as bi-functional methanol oxidation catalysts. The surface oxides species activated water molecules and hence facilitated the process of removing carbon monoxide from the platinum sites. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of Pt0.77-Ta0.23 catalyst was tested at 60, 80 and 90 °C. The power density achieved at 90 °C was 82 mW/cm2/mg Pt, which was 1.82 times of PtRu/C catalyst with similar platinum loading.

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24

Cavell, KJ. "Metal Chelate Systems as Catalysts for Olefin and Carbon Monoxide Conversion Reactions." Australian Journal of Chemistry 47, no. 5 (1994): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9940769.

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The application of non-phosphine-based chelating ligands in homogeneous catalyst systems is a surprisingly recent and relatively unexplored area of research. Chelating ligands can concurrently stabilize intermediates, control catalyst activity and direct the product distribution far more effectively than monodentate ligands. In this review our studies with catalyst systems containing chelate ligands primarily of the β-diketonate type [dithio-β-diketonate (sacsac); monothio-β-diketonate (sacac); and imino β-diketonate (nacac) ligands] is discussed. Examples of the catalyst systems show enzyme-like superactivity. Studies modelling these catalyst systems have provided valuable information relating the effects of ligand modifications to reaction pathways and to activities. Our most recent investigations of simple chelating ligands based on picolinic acid are also discussed. Studies modelling CO/ethene insertion/elimination with extremely labile alkylplatinum picolinate complexes led to the development of new single-component nickel oligomerization catalysts.

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25

Li, Qiaohong, Luyang Qiao, Ruiping Chen, Zuju Ma, Rui Si, Yuangen Yao, and Kechen Wu. "Carbon monoxide oxidation catalysed by defective palladium chloride: DFT calculations, EXAFS, and in situ DRIRS measurements." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 4 (2016): 2784–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp07309j.

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26

Alegre, C., M. E. Gálvez, D. Sebastián, R. Moliner, and M. J. Lázaro. "Influence of Synthesis pH on Textural Properties of Carbon Xerogels as Supports for Pt/CXs Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/267893.

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Carbon xerogels (CXs) have been prepared by polycondensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde. Two synthesis pHs were studied in order to evaluate its influence on the electrochemical behaviour of Pt catalysts supported on previous carbon xerogels, synthesized by conventional impregnation method. Catalysts were also synthesized over a commercial carbon black (Vulcan-XC-72R) for comparison purposes. Characterization techniques included nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Catalysts electrochemical activity towards the oxidation of carbon monoxide and methanol was studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry to establish the effect of the carbon support on the catalysts performance. Commercial Pt/C catalyst (E-TEK) was analyzed for comparison purposes. It was observed that the more developed and mesopore-enriched porous structure of the carbon xerogel synthesized at a higher initial pH resulted in an optimal utilization of the active phase and in an enhanced and promising catalytic activity in the electrooxidation of methanol, in comparison with commercial catalysts.

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27

Schabes-Retchkiman, P. S., and L. Rendon. "Observation of catalytic Cu in methanol synthesis catalysts by atomic-resolution TEM." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100174552.

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Much effort has been done for the characterization of catalysts in which CuO is found together with ZnO and ZnO/alumina, since these combinations constitute catalysts for the synthesis of methanol by the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide. Active catalysts are obtained after reduction in hydrogen at pressures between 50-100 atm and 225° to 275° C. The activity of the catalyst is largely due to the strong interaction between the CuO and ZnO phases. It is clear however that it is copper in various valence states, that is responsible for the catalytic activity, with the ZnO probably acting as both a structural and chemical promoter. However there is still controversy regarding the active sites for catalysis. Several hypotesis have been put forward: 1) The reaction occurs at isolated Cu(I) cations dissolved in the ZnO lattice. 2) The reaction occurs primarily on the metallic Cu component of the catalysts.

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28

Liszka, B., A. Krztoń, and M. Pawlyta. "Carbon Nanomaterials from Carbon Monoxide Using Nickel and Cobalt Catalysts." Acta Physica Polonica A 118, no. 3 (September 2010): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.118.471.

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29

Sepúlveda-Escribano, A., and F. Rodríguez-Reinoso. "Mo-promoted Fe/activated carbon catalysts for carbon monoxide hydrogenation." Journal of Molecular Catalysis 90, no. 3 (June 1994): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-5102(94)00015-8.

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30

Woo, Ho K., R. Srinivasan, L. Rice, P. J. Reucroft, and R. J. De Angelis. "Reactivity and structure of nickel-cobalt bimetallic catalysts." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 698–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100105552.

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Ni and Co catalyst systems have been extensively dealt with in the catalyst research literature but investigations on Ni/Co alloy systems have been relatively sparse. An early study attempted to correlate catalysed hydrogenation activity with metal/alloy lattice parameter. Matsuyama et al. investigated catalytic hydrogenation of ethylene by nickel alloys as a function of surface and bulk composition. The activity increased as the proportion of Ni increased but decreased from 90 to 100%Ni. A study has been initiated to relate catalytic activity to the structure of Ni/Co bimetallic catalyst particles.Silica supported catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness (impregnation) technique. Nickel, and cobalt nitrate in the desired proportions were dissolved in the impregnating solution. The wet catalyst samples were dried overnight at 120C after impregnation,. Catalysts were reduced by heating at 400C in flowing hydrogen for 18 hrs. Reactivity was determined by passing a 3/1 mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide over the catalyst and analyzing the effluent stream at hourly intervals by gas chromatography for hydrocarbon products.

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Ereña, Javier. "Catalysts for Syngas Production." Catalysts 10, no. 6 (June 11, 2020): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10060657.

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Truszkiewicz, Elżbieta, Wioletta Raróg-Pilecka, Magdalena Zybert, Malwina Wasilewska-Stefańska, Ewa Topolska, and Kamila Michalska. "Effect of the ruthenium loading and barium addition on the activity of ruthenium/carbon catalysts in carbon monoxide methanation." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2014-0079.

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Abstract A group of supported ruthenium catalysts was prepared and tested in methanation of small CO amounts (7000 ppm) in hydrogen-rich streams. High surface area graphitized carbon (484 m2/g) was used as a support for ruthenium and RuCl3 was used as a Ru precursor. Some of the Ru/C systems were additionally doped with barium (Ba(NO3)2 was barium precursor). The catalysts were characterized by the chemisorption technique using CO as an adsorbate. To determine the resistance of the catalysts to undesired carbon support methanation, the TG-MS experiments were performed. They revealed that the barium addition inhibits support losses. The studies of CO methanation (fl ow reactor, atmospheric pressure) have shown that some of the supported ruthenium catalysts exhibit high activities referred to the metal mass. The catalytic properties of ruthenium proved to be dependent on metal dispersion. Some of the Ru/C and Ba-Ru/C systems exhibit higher activity in CO hydrogenation than the commercial nickel-based catalyst.

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33

Madej-Lachowska, Maria, Maria Kulawska, and Jerzy Słoczyński. "Methanol as a High Purity Hydrogen Source for Fuel Cells: A Brief Review of Catalysts and Rate Expressions." Chemical and Process Engineering 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2017-0012.

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Abstract Hydrogen is the fuel of the future, therefore many hydrogen production methods are developed. At present, fuel cells are of great interest due to their energy efficiency and environmental benefits. A brief review of effective formation methods of hydrogen was conducted. It seems that hydrogen from steam reforming of methanol process is the best fuel source to be applied in fuel cells. In this process Cu-based complex catalysts proved to be the best. In presented work kinetic equations from available literature and catalysts are reported. However, hydrogen produced even in the presence of the most selective catalysts in this process is not pure enough for fuel cells and should be purified from CO. Currently, catalysts for hydrogen production are not sufficiently active in oxidation of carbon monoxide. A simple and effective method to lower CO level and obtain clean H2 is the preferential oxidation of monoxide carbon (CO-PROX). Over new CO-PROX catalysts the level of carbon monoxide can be lowered to a sufficient level of 10 ppm.

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34

Ivanenko, Olena, Vyacheslav Radovenchyk, and Іaroslav Radovenchyk. "Neutralization of carbon monoxide by magnetite-based catalysts." Technology audit and production reserves 5, no. 3(55) (October 31, 2020): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2020.214432.

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35

ROEPER, M. "ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Monoxide Activation by Homogeneous Catalysts." ChemInform 23, no. 5 (August 22, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199205305.

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36

SCHWANK, J. "ChemInform Abstract: Bimetallic Catalysts for Carbon Monoxide Activation." ChemInform 23, no. 5 (August 22, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199205307.

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37

Frydman, A., D. G. Castner, C. T. Campbell, and M. Schmal. "Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation on Co–Rh/Nb2O5 Catalysts." Journal of Catalysis 188, no. 1 (November 1999): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1999.2579.

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38

Halasz, Istvan, Alan Brenner, Mordecai Shelef, and K. Y. Simon NG. "Oxidation of carbon monoxide over barium cuprate catalysts." Catalysis Letters 6, no. 3-6 (1990): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00764002.

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39

Kirovskaya, I. A., and S. O. Podgornyi. "New catalysts for the oxidation of carbon monoxide." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 86, no. 1 (December 30, 2011): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024412010153.

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Loc, Luu Cam, Nguyen Manh Huan, N. A. Gaidai, Ho Si Thoang, Yu A. Agafonov, N. V. Nekrasov, and A. L. Lapidus. "Kinetics of carbon monoxide methanation on nickel catalysts." Kinetics and Catalysis 53, no. 3 (May 2012): 384–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0023158412030093.

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Klabunde, U., T. H. Tulip, D. C. Roe, and S. D. Ittel. "Reaction of nickel polymerization catalysts with carbon monoxide." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 334, no. 1-2 (November 1987): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(87)80045-1.

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Lisitsyn, A. S., S. A. Stevenson, and H. Knözinger. "Carbon monoxide hydrogenation on supported Rh-Mn catalysts." Journal of Molecular Catalysis 63, no. 2 (December 1990): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-5102(90)85144-7.

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Zieliński, Jerzy. "Interaction of carbon monoxide with supported nickel catalysts." Journal of Molecular Catalysis 79, no. 1-3 (February 1993): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-5102(93)85101-x.

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JACKSON, S. "Isotopic exchange of carbon monoxide over copper catalysts." Journal of Catalysis 108, no. 1 (November 1987): 250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(87)90171-0.

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Tercioğlu, Tülin, and Jale F. Akyurtlu. "Carbon monoxide hydrogenation on supported manganese-ruthenium catalysts." Applied Catalysis A: General 136, no. 2 (March 1996): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-860x(95)00263-4.

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Huy, Nguyen Nhat, and Bích Thảo Nguyễn Thị. "Thermal oxidation of carbon monoxide in air using various self-prepared catalysts." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 2, SI2 (July 7, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v2isi2.469.

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Abstract:

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a very toxic pollutant emitted from wood fired boiler, which is widely used in small and medium enterprises in Vietnam. The treatment of CO containing flue gas faces many difficulties due to the inert property of CO and cannot be removed by traditional adsorption and absorption methods and one of the effective CO treatments is catalytic oxidation. Therefore, we aimed to prepare various catalysts on different carriers for treatment of CO in flue gas, including γ-Al2O3-based metal oxides (Co3O4/Al2O3, Cr2O3/Al2O3, and CuO/Al2O3), CuO–MnOx/OMS-2, and CuO-MnOx/zeolite. The CO removal tests were conducted in a continuous fixed bed reactor in laboratory scale with temperature range of 50 – 550 oC. The characteristics of catalytic materials were then determined by various methods such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Results showed that CuO-MnOx/OMS-2 was the best catalyst with high removal efficiency of 98.41% at reactor temperature of 250 oC while gas outlet temperature of < 50 oC, proving the suitability of this material for practical treatment of CO in flue gas. The reaction follows Mars-Van-Krevelen mechanism with the presence of Cu2+-O2--Mn4+ ↔ Cu+-o-Mn3+ + O2 redox in the structure of the material. Moreover, the effect of environmental factors such as flow rate, inlet CO concentration, and catalysts amount on the CO removal efficiency were investigated and noted for designing and operation purposes. Concentration of outlet CO met well QCVN 19: 2009/BTNMT - National technical regulation on industrial emissions for dust and inorganic substances. Therefore, CuO-MnOx/OMS-2 catalyst material could be a potential catalyst for treatment of CO in flue gas of boiler.

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Schmitz, Andrew D., Darrell P. Eyman, and Kenneth C. Moore. "Scanning Electron Microscopy of a supported molten salt CuC1-KCl/SiO2 catalyst." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100174564.

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Carbon monoxide hydrogenation reactions catalyzed by heterogeneous catalysts are of significant industrial importance. Most methanol synthesis catalysts contain copper in synergism with ZnO and other metal oxide components. The chemical constitution and physical form of the copper phase in the working alcohol synthesis catalyst has been the subject of considerable concern. Recent NMR and x-ray, spectroscopic and microscopic investigation of alkali metal-promoted copper catalysts confirm earlier reports that the copper phase in methanol synthesis catalysts is a mixture of Cu(O) and Cu(I). Stabilization of a dispersion of Cu(I) is imperative for high activity.

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Zhang, Mengjuan, Panpan Li, Zhiqun Tian, Mingyuan Zhu, Fu Wang, Jiangbing Li, Bin Dai, Feng Yu, Hengshan Qiu, and Hongwei Gao. "Clarification of Active Sites at Interfaces between Silica Support and Nickel Active Components for Carbon Monoxide Methanation." Catalysts 8, no. 7 (July 20, 2018): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8070293.

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Identification of active site is critical for developing advanced heterogeneous catalysis. Here, a nickel/silica (Ni/SiO2) catalyst was prepared through an ammonia-evaporation method for CO methanation. The as-obtained Ni/SiO2 catalyst shows a CO conversion of 96.74% and a methane selectivity of 93.58% at 623 K with a weight hourly space velocity of 25,000 mL·g−1·h−1. After 150 h of continuous testing, the CO conversion still retains 96%, which indicates a high catalyst stability and long life. An in situ vacuum transmission infrared spectrum demonstrates that the main active sites locate at the interface between the metal Ni and the SiO2 at a wave number at 2060 cm−1 for the first time. The interesting discovery of the active site may offer a new insight for design and synthesis of methanation catalysts.

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Colley, Saul, Richard G. Copperthwaite, Graham J. Hutchings, and Mark Van der Riet. "Carbon monoxide hydrogenation using cobalt manganese oxide catalysts: initial catalyst optimization studies." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 27, no. 8 (August 1988): 1339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00080a001.

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Patel, Sanjay, and K. K. Pant. "Production of Hydrogen With Low Carbon Monoxide Formation Via Catalytic Steam Reforming of Methanol." Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology 3, no. 4 (March 28, 2006): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2349514.

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The production of hydrogen was investigated in a fixed bed tubular reactor via steam reforming of methanol (SRM) using CuO∕ZnO∕Al2O3 catalysts prepared by wet impregnation method and characterized by measuring surface area, pore volume, x-ray diffraction patterns, and scanning electron microscopy photographs. The SRM was carried out at atmospheric pressure, temperature 493-573K, steam to methanol molar ratio 1–1.8 and contact-time (W/F) 3–15kg cat./(mol/s of methanol). Effects of reaction temperature, contact-time, steam to methanol molar ratio and zinc content of the catalyst on methanol conversion, selectivity, and product yields was evaluated. The addition of zinc enhanced the methanol conversion and hydrogen production. The excess steam promoted the methanol conversion and suppressed the carbon monoxide formation. Different strategies have been mentioned to minimize the carbon monoxide formation for the steam reforming of methanol to produce polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell grade hydrogen. Optimum operating conditions with appropriate composition of catalyst has been investigated to produce more selective hydrogen with minimum carbon monoxide. The experimental results were fitted well with the kinetic model available in literature.

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