Relevant bibliographies by topics / Carbon monoxide detectors

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Carbon monoxide detectors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Carbon monoxide detectors"

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Garlińska, Urszula, Marta Iwańska, Robert Śliwiński, and Paweł Florek. "The Role of Smoke Detectors and Carbon Monoxide Detectors in the Fire Safety of Residential Buildings." Safety & Fire Technology 57, no. 1 (2021): 114–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12845/sft.57.1.2021.8.

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Purpose: The aim of this publication is to present the most important aspects of using smoke and carbon monoxide detectors intended for households or similar residential facilities as well as to indicate the advantages and disadvantages of the adopted system solutions that affect the number of detectors installed in this kind of buildings. The article aims to present the issues related to the Integrated Qualifications System (ZSK), i.e. newly developed market qualification, dedicated to installers and maintenance technicians of smoke and carbon monoxide detectors. Introduction: Smoke and carbon monoxide detectors for early detection of existing threats such as fires or escaping carbon monoxide are an important element of fire protection, dedicated primarily to owners of residential buildings. In many countries in the EU it is obligatory to install detectors in homes, whereas at the moment in Poland the only aspect regulated legally is the obligation of the manufacturer of these products to obtain a certificate. Since 2016, the ZSK has been operating in Poland, in which in 2019 the qualifications of installers/maintenance technicians of smoke and carbon monoxide detectors were distinguished. As a result, a person with a market qualification certificate is prepared for independent installation and maintenance of fire safety monitoring devices Methodology: As part of the research process, theoretical research was used, such as: analysis of literature and legal documents, synthesis, general- ization, inference, comparison and analogy. As part of the research, documents from such countries as Poland, Great Britain (mainly England), Germany and France were analysed. The selection of individual countries was guided by the level of development of these systems in a given country and the availability of source documents Conclusions: The presented analysis of the requirements for the installation of the smoke and carbon monoxide detectors shows how different the ap- proach is regarding the use of this type of devices. Depending on experiences and the administrative structure of a given country, a variety of regulations, whether legal or normative, can be discerned in the use of smoke and carbon monoxide detectors. ZSK is a well-described system of formal organization and classification of competences and offers the public services at the highest possible quality level. It is also a partial solution to the problem of installing detectors. However, it is necessary to regulate this issue from the legal level, as it was the case in other EU countries, where the installation of detectors in homes is obligatory. Such action will contribute to reducing the victims of fires or inhalation of toxic gases (carbon monoxide) Keywords: Integrated Qualifications System (ZSK), smoke alarm detector, electrical apparatus for the detection of carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide, residential buildings Type of article: review article
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Jevtić, Radoje, and Milan Blagojević. "Installation of carbon monoxide detectors." Tehnika 74, no. 1 (2019): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika1901152j.

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Petroianu, Georg, Wolfgang Maleck, Wolfgang Bergler, and Roderich Ruefer. "Carbon Monoxide and Nonquantitative Carbon Dioxide Detection." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 11, no. 4 (December 1996): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00043120.

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AbstractIntroduction:The capnometric demonstration of end-tidal carbon dioxide (CO2) is a reliable method of differentiating between a correct endotracheal tube position and an accidental misplacement of the tube into the esophagus. Recently, several CO2 detectors have been introduced for monitoring end-tidal CO2 in the “out-of-hospital” setting, where quantitative capnometry with capnography is not yet available.Hypothesis:These devices are not influenced by carbon monoxide (CO) present in lethal concentration.Methods:A heated (37°C) 2.3 L reservoir bag filled one-third full with water (representing the stomach in esophageal misintubation) was machine ventilated (tidal volume: 450 ml; frequency: 16/min) with the following mixtures for three minutes each: 1) 95% O2, 5% CO; 2) 45% O2 5% CO, 50% N2O; and 3) 44% O2 5% CO, 50% N2O, 1% halothane. The presence of end-tidal CO2 was monitored with each of the following devices: 1) MiniCAP™ III CO2 Detector; 2) StatCAP™ CO2 Detector; 3) EasyCAP™ CO2 Detector; PediCAP™ CO2 Detector; and 5) Colibri™ CO2 Detector.Results:In none of the cases was the presence of CO2 signaled by the detector.Conclusion:The presence of 5% CO does not interfere with infrared spectrometry detection (MiniCAP™ and StatCAP™) or chemical detection (EasyCAP™, PediCAP™, and Colibri™) of CO2. The devices can be used safely in patients with CO poisoning for monitoring of endotracheal tube position.
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Pollack-Nelson, Carol. "Differentiated Alarms for Carbon Monoxide Detectors." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 40, no. 16 (October 1996): 855–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129604001613.

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Carbon monoxide detectors with differentiated (e.g., dual-signal) alarms were recently introduced to the home market. Public hearings held earlier this year by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission debated the value of dual-signal versus single alarm detectors. Several issues relevant to this topic include: (1) vulnerable populations who would benefit from early warning alarms; (2) human capability to distinguish between dual-signal alarm sounds; and (3) burden to first responders. Each of these factors and relevant research is discussed.
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Leikin, Jerrold B. "Carbon monoxide detectors and emergency physicians." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 14, no. 1 (January 1996): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-6757(96)90025-x.

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rajendra rao shinde, Rajshree, Shruti Sable, Kartik masalkar, Harshad Gaulker, Shailesh nardwar, Tejashri shinde, and J. B. fulzale. "HOSPITAL EMERGENCY SECURITY SYSTEM." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i01.038.

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The fire detection system combines the simultaneous measurements of smoke, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. The security of campus against intruders moving in laboratories, class rooms, staffrooms or washrooms. The fire alarm system consists of Fire detectors (with can be smoke detector, heat, or Infra-Red detectors), control unit and alarm system. A fire detection system is developed based on the simultaneous measurements of temperature and smoke. The fire detection system with the alarm algorithm detected fires that were not alarmed by smoke sensors, and alarmed in shorter times than smoke sensors operating alone. Previous fire detection algorithms used data from sensors for temperature, smoke, and combustion products. The smoke sensor alarms when the analog output signal exceeds or equal the threshold value. The node includes analog sensors to measure smoke, carbon monoxide (CO) and temperature. A fire alarm system should reliably and in a timely way notify building occupants about the presence of fire indicators, such as smoke or high temperatures.
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Yoon, Steven S. "Deaths From Unintentional Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Potential for Prevention With Carbon Monoxide Detectors." JAMA 279, no. 9 (March 4, 1998): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.279.9.685.

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Shin, Young Min, You Ri Lim, Bong Jun Kim, Hwang Jin Kim, Dong Hun Han, and Chang Seop Lee. "Effectiveness Analysis of Unwanted Fire Alarm Using Carbon Monoxide Sensors." Fire Science and Engineering 36, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.56c9f690.

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A carbon monoxide sensor was applied with smoke detectors, which trigger unwanted fire alarms, to improve detection reliability. Standardized fire and unwanted fire tests according to UL 268 and scenario-based tests for unwanted fire alarms were performed to analyze the detection effectiveness in fire and unwanted fire situations. Studies on improving unwanted fire alarms using carbon monoxide sensors have been conducted in various fields. However, additional concentration measurements using carbon monoxide sensors in various fire and unwanted fire conditions should be performed for institutional approval of detection effectiveness. Further research is required to determine the carbon monoxide concentration that can clearly distinguish unwanted fires from actual fires.
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Ankura P., Vaishnavi, Suma M.R, Adithya T.G., Pavithra G., Sindhu Sree M., and T.C.Manjunath. "Design & development of a carbon monoxide detector." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 6, no. 6 (November 28, 2022): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06i06.047.

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This paper gives the design & development of a carbon monoxide detector. Living in cities is convenient in many ways such as high-quality public services such as healthcare and education. However, for all the advantages offered by city living, it has not come without its own costs. Pollutant levels such as Carbon Monoxide in urban environments are sometimes unacceptably high. In many heavily urbanized areas, particularly in the developing world such as China, India and Brazil, carbon monoxide detectors often register levels many times higher than accepted ‘safe’ levels. Unfortunately, this is by no means a problem exclusive to the developing world, with many major cities as far afield as Singapore, Seoul, London, New York and Los Angeles also regularly experiencing unsafe Carbon Monoxide levels. (CO) is a colourless, odourless gas which at high levels can cause serious illness and death. CO alarms are widely available and should be considered a backup to BUT NOT A REPLACEMENT for proper installation, use, and maintenance of fuel-burning appliances. CO alarms are designed to warn you of any unusual build-up of CO in your home. These higher levels of CO may occur from improperly maintained, installed or used fuel-burning appliances, back drafting appliances or fireplaces, or idling cars in garages. If a CO alarm is to be installed.
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Asmazori, Mutiara. "Rancang Bangun Alat Pendeteksi NOx dan CO Berbasis Mikrokontroler ESP32 dengan Notifikasi Via Telegram dan Suara." JITCE (Journal of Information Technology and Computer Engineering) 5, no. 02 (September 30, 2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jitce.5.02.57-62.2021.

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The design of NOx and CO detectors based on notifications via telegram and voice has been carried out. This detector consists of a gas sensor MQ-135 as a nitrogen oxide detector and an MQ-7 sensor as a carbon monoxide detector. Data processing is carried out using an ESP32 microcontroller which can send results to a telegram bot and play sound using speakers connected to the ISD 1820 sound module. The tool made can send notifications if the concentration of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide exceeds 50 ppm. The test is carried out by burning waste to produce smoke. Burning smoke contains various gases and particles that are harmful to the body. The characterization of the MQ-135 sensor was carried out by comparing the data obtained from the ISPU to measure nitrogen oxide gas and producing an error value of 9.09%. Meanwhile, the characterization of the MQ-7 sensor was carried out using a biogas analyzer and resulted in an error ratio of 3.26%. These results prove that the tools that have been designed can work well.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbon monoxide detectors"

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Seeley, Zachary Mark. "Titanium dioxide-based carbon monoxide gas sensors : effects of crystallinity and chemistry on sensitivity." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2009/z_seeley_120209.pdf.

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Frank, Marla Lea. "Novel strategies for design of high temperature titania-based gas sensors for combustion process monitoring." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1063808231.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xviii, 279 p.; also includes graphics (some color). Includes bibliographical references (p. 256-279).
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Ortega, Pedro Paulo da Silva. "Desenvolvimento de sensores de gás a partir de óxidos semicondutores não estequiométricos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157150.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Por ser um gás tóxico, inodoro, insípido e incolor, ou seja, imperceptível ao ser humano, o monóxido de carbono (CO) apresenta um sério risco à saúde, sendo necessário um sensor eficiente que alerte sua presença. Assim, filmes espessos foram depositados manualmente sobre substratos de alumina a partir de nanopartículas de dióxido de cério (CeO2) puro e dopadas com európio sintetizadas pelo método hidrotermal assistido por micro-ondas (HAM), visando a sua aplicação como sensores de gás. As nanopartículas fabricadas pelo método HAM foram caracterizadas por Difração de Raios-X (DRX), Espectroscopia Raman, Espectroscopia de Absorção no Ultravioleta-Visível (UV-Vis), área de superfície específica (SBET), entre outros, enquanto os filmes sensores foram caracterizados morfologicamente por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e tiveram suas propriedades sensoriais quantificadas. Os difratogramas das amostras apresentaram todos os picos referentes à estrutura tipo fluorita do CeO2. Valores de área de superfície específica maiores que os encontrados na literatura foram obtidos. As micrografias (MEV) obtidas mostram que os filmes espessos são porosos e depositados sem laminações sobre o substrato de alumina, com espessura da ordem de 45 55 μm. As medidas elétricas mostram uma temperatura de trabalho entre 350 e 400°C, intervalo no qual a resposta ao monóxido de carbono foi maior. Os filmes apresentaram excelentes tempos de resposta e de recuperação, principalmente para a amostra com a estequiometria Ce1-(3/4)xEuxO2 (x=0,08), que obteve um tempo de resposta de 0,9 segundo após a exposição ao CO. Os valores obtidos neste trabalho são significativos e mostram a qualidade do filme sensor fabricado com nanopartículas produzidas pelo método HAM.
As a toxic, odorless, tasteless and colorless gas, therefore imperceptible by humans, carbon monoxide (CO) is life-threatening and an efficient sensor is necessary to warn us about its presence in the environment. Therefore, thick films were manually deposited on alumina substrates from pure and europium doped cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanoparticles synthesized by the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method (MAH), aiming their application as gas sensors. The nanoparticles synthesized by the MAH method were characterized by X Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Ultraviolet Visible spectroscopy (UV Vis), specific surface area (SBET), among other techniques, while the sensor films were morphologically characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and had their properties as gas sensors measured. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the samples showed every peak belonging to the fluorite-type structure of CeO2. Specific surface area values higher than the ones commonly found in the literature were obtained. The SEM micrographies show that the thick films are porous and were deposited with no laminations on the alumina substrates, with thickness of 60 μm. The electrical measurements showed an operating temperature between 350 and 400°C, in which the response to carbon monoxide was higher. The films had remarkable response and recovery time, especially for the sample with the stoichiometry Ce1-(3/4)xEuxO2 (x=0,08), which presented a response time of 0.9 second after the exposure to CO. The results obtained in this work are significant and they are an evidence of the quality of the sensor films fabricated with nanoparticles synthesized by the HAM method.
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Saliba, Paulo Roberto. "Estudos para a determinação de monoxido de carbono, usando-se sensores quimic os baseados em fibras opticas." [s.n.], 1993. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249557.

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Orientador : Walace Alves de Oliveira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Matias, Francisco Antonio Alonço. "Desenvolvimento de sensores quimicos com fibras opticas para a determinação quantitativa de fuligem e de monoxido de carbono emitidos por veiculos automotores." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248847.

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Orientadores: Matthieu Tubino, Walace Alves de Oliveira
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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ROUBINET, SEBASTIEN BOLLAERT PIERRE-EDOUARD. "INTERET DES DETECTEURS DE MONOXYDE DE CARBONE DANS LES TROUSSES D'INTERVENTION DES EQUIPES SMUR A PROPOS DE DEUX CAS /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2001_ROUBINET_SEBASTIEN.pdf.

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Ficová, Patricie. "Rizika spojená s používáním detektorů plynů u zásahu jednotek HZS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-414186.

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The diploma thesis focuses on the risks associated with the use of gas detectors in the intervention of fire brigade units, specifically in the case of an event associated with a carbon monoxide leak. The diploma thesis briefly explains the procedure of the units of the Fire and Rescue Service of the Czech Republic in terms of gas detection, specifically carbon monoxide. The work focuses on the Fire and Rescue Service of the South Moravian Region and analyzes the current equipment of fire stations with detection means. The output of the diploma thesis is to design a suitable optimization of the unit and measurement, including financial evaluation in various types of emergencies, in which units of the fire brigade may encounter a leak of carbon monoxide. Furthermore, a draft Methodological Sheet is prepared - Interventions with carbon monoxide leakage provide information on carbon monoxide and procedures for activities related to gas leakage.
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Mohamed, Ajmal Khan. "Métrologie optique en hypersonique à haute enthalpie pour la rentrée atmosphérique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829327.

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Ce document synthétise mes actions de recherches dans la métrologie optique pour l'hypersonique à haute enthalpie rencontré lors d'une rentrée atmosphérique. Je présente en début de ce document la problématique de la rentrée atmosphérique dont la maîtrise est primordiale pour le retour sur Terre d'un vol habité ou d'une sonde de retour d'échantillons. Je décris ensuite les moyens de mesures servant à caractériser le gaz en écoulement autour d'un véhicule de rentrée en test dans une soufflerie ou en vol de démonstration. En particulier les moyens d'optique linéaire que sont la fluorescence induite par faisceau d'électrons (FFE) ou par laser, la spectroscopie d'absorption ou d'émission et le LIDAR à diffusion Rayleigh.
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Ogenga, Daniel Onyango. "Performance of South African calcium/siliceous-based materials as sorbents for SO2 removal from Flue gas." Thesis, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000417.

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Thesis (MTech. degree in Mechanical Engineering)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2009.
South Africa produces 41.3 GWe per year of which 90% is coal-derived. During combustion of coal, sulfur contained in the fuel is converted to SO2. The gas poses a serious danger for the human and environmental health. The health hazards associated with SO2 include hair loss, throat inflammation, impaired vision and respiratory illnesses. Sulfur dioxide is also forms acid rain, which leads to acidification of soils, waterways and forests. The main objective of this investigation is to explore methods of increasing lime utilization using South Africa calcium/siliceous-based sorbents for the purposes of removal of SO2 in the Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) system. Consequently, this study presents experimental findings on the preparation, characterization and sulfation of locally available fly ash, calcium oxide (CaO) and bottom ash. CaO was obtained from calcination of limestone in a laboratory kiln at a temperature of 900 °C and CaO/fly ash sorbent prepared using an atmospheric hydration process.
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Books on the topic "Carbon monoxide detectors"

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Chilton, J. E. A personal miner's carbon monoxide alarm. [Pittsburg, Pa.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1989.

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Chilton, J. E. A personal miner's carbon monoxide alarm. Washington, DC: Dept. of the Interior, 1988.

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Ross, David. Evaluation of carbon monoxide detectors in domestic premises. [Great Britain]: Health & Safety Executive, 1999.

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Edwards, John C. Comparative in-mine evaluation of carbon monoxide and smoke detectors. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1996.

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Edwards, John C. Comparative in-mine evaluation of carbon monoxide and smoke detectors. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1996.

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Edwards, John C. Comparative in-mine evaluation of carbon monoxide and smoke detectors. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1996.

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Edwards, John C. Comparative in-mine evaluation of carbon monoxide and smoke detectors. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1996.

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Edwards, John C. Comparative in-mine evaluation of carbon monoxide and smoke detectors. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1996.

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F, Friel Gene, and United States. Bureau of Mines, eds. Comparative in-mine evaluation of carbon monoxide and smoke detectors. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1996.

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Laboratories, Underwriters, ed. Standard for single and multiple station carbon monoxide detectors. [s.l.]: Underwriters Laboratories, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Carbon monoxide detectors"

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Kwor, Richard. "Carbon Monoxide Detectors." In Carbon Monoxide Toxicity, 61–82. CRC Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420039320.ch3.

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Leikin, Jerrold, and James Rhee. "Carbon Monoxide Detectors as Preventive Medicine." In Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, 305–11. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780849384189.ch13.

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"The Utility Room." In Chemistry at Home: Exploring the Ingredients in Everyday Products, 30–52. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781849739405-00030.

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The utility room is where the washing machine, tumble dryer, and central heating boiler are located, along with the products associated with their use. It is also where general cleaning agents are stored. The ones discussed in this chapter are as follows: laundry detergents, fabric softener, tumble dryer fragrancer, surface cleaners, stain-removers, window cleaner, drain unblocker and carbon monoxide detectors.
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Li, Ni, Gengbiao Zhang, Hongyi Zheng, Weijia Li, and Wenbin Zheng. "Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Detects Microstructural Changes in the Brain After Acute Carbon Monoxide Intoxication in Rats." In Computer Methods in Medicine and Health Care. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220539.

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The aim of this study is exploring the value of diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) in the diagnosis of acute carbon monoxide poisoning encephalopathy in vivo rats. Forty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, were divided into a control group and CO poisoning model group. DKI during 7.0 T MR were performed in the globus pallidus, hippocampus and parietal cortex in the rats. During acute CO poisoning, compared with controls, Mean kurtosis values (MK) and Mean diffusivity (MD) values were significantly decreased both in the hippocampus and parietal cortex, however, in the globus pallidus were significantly increased.The pathological findings showed emerged granular cytoplasmic changes, thickening of chromatin of the neurons, and local lymphocytic infiltration. However, the condition in the hippocampus and parietal cortex was significantly milder than in the globus pallidus region in the first day or 3 days later. Both Immunohistochemical analysis of the heme oxygenase-1 of rats and MK values increased only in globus pallidus with a statistical difference between the CO poisoning group and the normal group both in the day 1 and day 3. DKI can possess sufficient sensitivity for tracking pathophysiological changes associated with carbon monoxide intoxication. The higher MK values in acute stage of carbon monoxide intoxication might indicate poor prognosis in the evolution of the condition.
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Conference papers on the topic "Carbon monoxide detectors"

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Smoker, Kurt, and Rob Albinger. "Mitigation of Fires in Coal-Handling Facilities: Continuous Monitoring of Carbon Monoxide." In ASME 2010 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2010-27259.

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While many power companies across the country rely on coal-burning facilities, fires and explosions in coal-handling facilities are of increasing concern. While facility housekeeping by means of controlling dust and preventing spills is very important, a good risk management plan must also include continuous monitoring of toxic and combustible gases. The use of carbon monoxide gas detectors has proved for years to be a very effective early fire detection system. This paper describes a risk-management system that can greatly mitigate the possibility of fire by means of alarming at low levels of CO concentration. The authors present a pro-active approach, focusing not on detecting smoke, which indicates fire, but rather on detecting CO, which indicates the potential for fire. Covered are the benefits of CO monitoring over thermal monitoring and IR scanning, the importance of monitoring for any continual trend upward from background levels, and discussion of how proper alarm setpoints are determined, using case studies.
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Molie`re, Michel, Philippe Cozzarin, Se´bastien Bouchet, and Philippe Rech. "Catalytic Detection of Fuel Leaks in Gas Turbine Units: 2 — Gas Fuels Containing Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide and Inert." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90290.

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The detection of explosive gas and vapors is a critical safety function in Gas Turbines (GT) units. On one hand, this subject is being revisited by the GT community and safety organizations with a main focus on conventional gas fired power units. On the other hand one sees currently an increasing use of alternative primary energies for GT units including both gaseous and liquid fuels such as LPG, naphtha, syngas and a wide series of low and medium BTU gas fuels. This has prompted GE Energy to undertake a comprehensive evaluation of commercial catalytic detectors that are of common use in the detection of gas leaks. In particular, the multiple announcements of coal-based project (IGCC) represented a strong motivation to launch this program that ambitioned to cover both hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon fuels, i.e. the largest CnHm/ CO/ H2/ N2(CO2) spectrum. This evaluation program has been jointly devised with and performed by the laboratory of INERIS, a French Institute devoted to safety and environment. Particular emphasis has been placed on the capability to detect combustible species at levels as low as 5% LEL (Lower Explosion Limit) that result from recent safety codes. The overall program has been break down into two parts. The response of catalytic detectors to hydrocarbon gas leaks (natural gases and naphtha vapors) has been addressed in 2004 and the corresponding results have been already published (ASME paper 2005GT68875). This first work phase has shown a satisfactory response of selected catalytic bead sensors towards the hydrocarbon paraffin series up to C8. The second phase (2005) tackled the detection of CH4/ CO/ H2/ N2(CO2) mixtures. In the authors’ knowledge, there was a lack of data in the current literature as to the performances of catalytic detection for this specific class of fuels. A wide range of mixtures was tested to cover the extensive spectrum of medium and low BTU gas fuels, including: “weak natural gas”, coal derived process gas (coke oven, blast furnace gas; COREX gas; etc.) and syngas. CO2 and N2 were used as inert components in concentrations from 20 to 80% vol. This paper summarizes the results of this second evaluation phase. A satisfactory response to the different CH4/ CO/ H2/ N2(CO2) mixtures has been obtained in terms of sensitivity, accuracy and detection limits which satisfies the requirements of current codes and standards. The overall program confirms the possibility to use catalytic bead sensors as a single detection technology for covering virtually all the gas turbine applications, This includes, apart from natural gas: LPG, light distillates (naphtha; gas condensates and NGL), “weak” natural gas, Medium & Low BTU fuels (Coke Oven; Blast Furnace), hydrogen-rich fuels (refinery) and the syngas segments with however the notable exclusion of middle distillates (gasoil, kerosene).
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Ibrahim, Ahmed Abdullah. "Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide Level Detector." In 2018 21st International Conference of Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccitechn.2018.8631933.

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Morris, P. E., F. W. Taylor, and J. Ballard. "Spectral Calibration of the Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1993.pd.10.

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The Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (ISAMS) is a limb-viewing infrared radiometer which measures thermal emission in 24 spectral bands, using both wideband (WB) and pressure modulator radiometer (PMR) techniques (Taylor, 1983). This enables the daily mapping over much of the Earth of temperature, the concentrations of 8 chemical species (water vapour, methane, ozone, nitric acid, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, dinitrogen pentoxide, carbon monoxide) and aerosol opacity in the stratosphere and mesosphere. The instrument has eight separate focal planes, each consisting of a 4-element detector array, which are cooled by two mechanical coolers.
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Anderson, James P., Alejandro Camou, Eric L. Petersen, Mark Harris, and David M. Cusano. "Carbon Monoxide Emission Measurements From a Supercritical CO2 Combustor Rig Using a Mid-Infrared Laser Absorption Diagnostic." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91779.

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Abstract A rugged, mid-infrared (IR) CO laser absorption diagnostic has been developed to monitor the amount of CO produced by a high-pressure CH4-O2 combustor test rig operating at supercritical CO2 conditions (30 MPa and 1150°C). The laser system operates at the fundamental absorption band, ν″ = 0, R(12), of CO near 4.5 μm. The mid-IR diagnostic was constructed from a tunable quantum cascade laser (QCL), an absorption cell with two window ports for monitoring CO exhaust concentration, and two IR photodetectors. Temperature and pressure sensors were mounted near the absorption cell to monitor exhaust flow conditions, and the operational wavelength of the laser was determined by a calibration process using a known mixture of CO and N2. Environmental conditions at the remote outdoor test facility posed significant difficulties in the data acquisition process for the IR diagnostic. Fluctuating environmental temperatures proved to be problematic when operating cryogenic photodetectors and stabilizing a QCL designed to operate with an internal temperature of −15°C. Improvements to the IR system included elimination of problematic stagnation regions via a new absorption cell design and an increase in the CO detection limit. During steady state conditions, the mid-IR diagnostic measured the CO concentration to within ± 80.6 ppm. The IR diagnostic was shown to have superior CO detection response time and the ability to resolve features not detected by other CO detector counterparts.
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Clayton, Alan M., Stuart Wallace, and Nicholas Rushton. "Blast Testing a High Strength Steel Containment Vessel." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57253.

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An extensive series of tests have been carried out on an explosive containment vessel. The vessel geometry and the blast and overload tests are described, covering the experimental set up and instrumentation. Strains in the vessel are compared to calculated values using the AUTODYN explicit finite element software, showing good correlation over the first few cycles and generally good prediction of maximum strains. Leakage measurements using a carbon monoxide detector have shown that in all these tests the glass encapsulated DG O’Brien electrical penetrations through the vessel inner closure performed well. A modified version of this penetration to allow exhaust gases through the wall has also performed well and offers an alternative to NPT tapered thread connections.
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Strąpoć, Dariusz, Mahdi Ammar, Nick Abolins, and Aleksandar Gligorijevic. "Key Role of Regearing Mud Gas Logging for Natural H2 Exploration." In 2022 SPWLA 63rd Annual Symposium. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2022-0008.

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The emerging natural H2 (white hydrogen or naturally occurring geological hydrogen) exploration requires adjustments in current petroleum-oriented drilling and logging practices. This paper presents the results of wellsite and laboratory experiments on H2 logging while drilling using different degassing and gas analysis techniques, including direct mass spectrometry while drilling and laboratory gas chromatography-thermal conductivity detector analysis. Additional proposed developments concerning dedicated natural H2 logging analyzers are described, e.g., cavity-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, the challenge of artificially generated H2 while drilling using oil-based mud can be mitigated using alkene or carbon monoxide data either from logging or spot samples. Ultimately, a methodology targeting quantitative natural H2 logging is proposed for prospecting and documenting this new resource in drilling for oil and gas and geothermal or in dedicated H2-exploration wells.
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Botsaris, P. N., D. Bechrakis, and P. D. Sparis. "An Estimation of 3-Way Catalyst Performance Using Artificial Neural Networks During Idle Speed." In ASME 2004 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2004-0858.

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The intelligent control as fuzzy or artificial is based on either expert knowledge or experimental data and therefore it possesses intrinsic qualities like robustness and ease implementation. Lately, many researchers present studies aim to show that this kind of control can be used in practical applications such as the idle speed control problem in automotive industry. In this study, an estimation of an automobile three-way catalyst performance with artificial neural networks is presented. It may be an alternative approach for an on board diagnostic system (OBD) to predict the catalyst performance. This method was tested using data sets from two kind of catalysts, a brand new and an old one on a laboratory bench at idle speed. The catalyst operation during the “steady state” phase (the phase that the catalyst has reached its operating conditions and works normally) is examined. Further experiments are needed for different catalyst typed before the methods is proposed generally. It consists of 855 elements of catalyst inlet-outlet temperature difference (DT), hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The simulation: detects the values of HC, CO, CO2 using the DT as an input to our network forms a neural network. Results showed serious indications that artificial neural networks (or fuzzy logic control laws) could estimate the catalyst performance adequately depending their training process, if certain information about the catalyst system and the inputs and output of such system are known. In this study the “steady state” period experimental results are presented. In this paper the “steady state” period experimental results are presented.
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Wallner, Thomas. "Correlation Between Speciated Hydrocarbon Emissions and Flame Ionization Detector Response for Gasoline/Alcohol Blends." In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35031.

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The U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard has made it a requirement to increase the production of ethanol and advanced biofuels to 36 billion gallons by 2022. Ethanol will be capped at 15 billion gallons, which leaves 21 billion gallons to come from other sources, such as butanol. Butanol has a higher energy density and lower affinity for water than ethanol. Moreover, alcohol fueled engines in general have been shown to positively affect engine-out emissions of oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide compared to their gasoline fueled counterparts. In light of these developments the variety and blend levels of oxygenated constituents is likely to increase in the foreseeable future. The effect on engine-out emissions for total hydrocarbons (THC) is less clear due to the relative insensitivity of the flame ionization detector (FID) toward alcohols and aldehydes. It is well documented that hydrocarbon (HC) measurement using a conventional FID in presence of oxygenates in the engine exhaust stream can lead to a misinterpretation of HC emissions trends for alcohol fuel blends. Characterization of the exhaust stream for all expected hydrocarbon constituents is required to accurately determine the actual concentration of unburned fuel components in the exhaust. In addition to a conventional exhaust emissions bench, this characterization requires supplementary instrumentation capable of hydrocarbon speciation and response factor independent quantification. Although required for certification testing, this sort of instrumentation is not yet widely available in engine development facilities. Therefore an attempt is made to empirically determine an oxygenate fuel, FID correction factor. Exhaust emissions of an engine fueled with several blends of gasoline and ethanol, n-Butanol and iso-Butanol were characterized using both a conventional FID and an FTIR. Based on these results, a response factor predicting the actual hydrocarbon emissions, based solely on FID results as a function of alcohol type and content, is presented. Finally the correlation derived from data presented in this study is compared to equations and results found in the literature.
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Reports on the topic "Carbon monoxide detectors"

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Davis, William D., Thomas G. Cleary, Michelle K. Donnelly, and Samuel D. Hellerman. Predicting smoke and carbon monoxide detector response in the ceiling jet in the presence of a smoke layer. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6976.

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McKinnon, Mark, Sean DeCrane, and Steve Kerber. Four Firefighters Injured in Lithium-Ion Battery Energy Storage System Explosion -- Arizona. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/tehs4612.

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On April 19, 2019, one male career Fire Captain, one male career Fire Engineer, and two male career Firefighters received serious injuries as a result of cascading thermal runaway within a 2.16 MWh lithium-ion battery energy storage system (ESS) that led to a deflagration event. The smoke detector in the ESS signaled an alarm condition at approximately 16:55 hours and discharged a total flooding clean agent suppressant (Novec 1230). The injured firefighters were members of a hazardous materials (HAZMAT) team that arrived on the scene at approximately 18:28 hours. The HAZMAT team noted low-lying white clouds of a gas/vapor mixture issuing from the structure and nearby components and drifting through the desert. The team defined a hot zone and made several entries into the hot zone to conduct 360-degree size-ups around the ESS using multi-gas meters, colorimetric tubes, and thermal imaging cameras (TICs). The team detected dangerously elevated levels of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and carbon monoxide (CO) during each entry. The team continued to monitor the ESS and noted the white gas/vapor mixture stopped flowing out of the container at approximately 19:50 hours. The HAZMAT leadership developed an incident action plan with input from a group of senior fire officers and information about the ESS provided by representatives from the companies that owned, designed, and maintained the ESS. The HAZMAT team made a final entry into the hot zone and found that HCN and CO concentrations in the vicinity of the ESS were below an acceptable threshold. In following with the incident action plan, the team opened the door to the ESS at approximately 20:01 hours. A deflagration event was observed by the firefighters outside the hot zone at approximately 20:04 hours. All HAZMAT team members received serious injuries in the deflagration and were quickly transported to nearby hospitals. Note: The lithium-ion battery ESS involved in this incident was commissioned prior to release of a first draft of the current consensus standard on ESS installations, NFPA 855 [1]; the design of the ESS complied with the pertinent codes and standards active at the time of its commissioning.
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