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Journal articles on the topic "Carbon pool’s"

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Ciais, Philippe. "Restless carbon pools." Nature 398, no. 6723 (March 1999): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/18124.

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Abd-Elkader, Elsayed Mettwally. "Trade Liberalization and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: A Pooled Mean Group Analysis." International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance 9, no. 1 (February 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijtef.2018.9.1.579.

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Cole, C. Vernon, Keith Paustian, Edward T. Elliott, Alister K. Metherell, Dennis S. Ojima, and William J. Parton. "Analysis of agroecosystem carbon pools." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 70, no. 1-4 (October 1993): 357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01105007.

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Schroeder, Paul E., and Jack K. Winjum. "Assessing Brazil's carbon budget: I. Biotic carbon pools." Forest Ecology and Management 75, no. 1-3 (July 1995): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(95)03532-f.

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Stewart, Catherine E., Alain F. Plante, Keith Paustian, Richard T. Conant, and Johan Six. "Soil Carbon Saturation: Linking Concept and Measurable Carbon Pools." Soil Science Society of America Journal 72, no. 2 (March 2008): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2007.0104.

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Hábová, Magdalena, Lubica Pospíšilová, Petr Hlavinka, Miroslav Trnka, Gabriela Barančíková, Zuzana Tarasovičová, Jozef Takáč, Štefan Koco, Ladislav Menšík, and Pavel Nerušil. "Carbon pool in soil under organic and conventional farming systems." Soil and Water Research 14, No. 3 (May 27, 2019): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/71/2018-swr.

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Changes in the agricultural management and climatic changes within the past 25 years have had a serious impact on soil organic matter content and contribute to different carbon storage in the soil. Prediction of soil carbon pool, validation, and quantification of different models is important for sustainable agriculture in the future and for this purpose a long-term monitoring data set is required. RothC-26.3 model was applied for carbon stock simulation within two different climatic scenarios (hot-dry with rapid temperature increasing and warm-dry with less rapid temperature increasing). Ten years experimental data set have been received from conventional and organic farming of experimental plots of Mendel University School Enterprise (locality Vatín, Czech-Moravian Highland). Average annual temperature in this area is 6.9°C, average annual precipitation 621 mm, and altitude 530 m above sea level. Soil was classified as Eutric Cambisol, sandy loam textured, with middle organic carbon content. Its cumulative potential was assessed as high. Results showed linear correlation between carbon stock and climatic scenario, and mostly temperature and type of soil management has influenced carbon stock. In spite of lower organic carbon inputs under organic farming this was less depending on climatic changes. Conventional farming showed higher carbon stock during decades 2000–2100 because of higher carbon input. Besides conventional farming was more affected by temperature.
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Ferraz de Almeida, Risely, Joseph Elias Rodrigues Mikhael, Fernando Oliveira Franco, Luna Monique Fonseca Santana, and Beno Wendling. "Measuring the Labile and Recalcitrant Pools of Carbon and Nitrogen in Forested and Agricultural Soils: A Study under Tropical Conditions." Forests 10, no. 7 (June 28, 2019): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10070544.

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Soil organic carbon and nitrogen can be divided into labile and recalcitrant pools according to the time it takes to be cycled. The way in which carbon and nitrogen pools are cycled and distributed between labile and recalcitrant pools can directly relate to soil quality. This paper tested the hypothesis that labile and recalcitrant pools of carbon and nitrogen vary between agricultural soils with different species and fertilization management systems (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium need) under tropical conditions. This study aimed to examine the impact of land-uses on stocks and losses of carbon and nitrogen under tropical conditions. We explored labile (soil microbial biomass and labile carbon) and recalcitrant carbon pools (humin, humic acid, and fulvic acid) in forested and agricultural soils, defined as latosol (forest, fertilized pasture, and unfertilized pasture) and cambisol (forest, coast pasture, sugarcane, and silage corn). Forested soil was used as an appropriate use to soil conservation in tropical that presents levels adequate of carbon and nitrogen stocks and biological condition in soil. Results showed that pools of labile and recalcitrant carbon are different on soil layers and the use of soil. Forest use in cambisol and latosol promoted higher labile and recalcitrant pools of carbon and nitrogen due to the greater environmental stability without human intervention. On the other hand, human intervention occurred in fertilized pasture and coast pasture; however, both uses presented similar recalcitrant carbon and nitrogen pools when compared to forested soil on the soil surface due to fertilizer uses and the high volume of the grass root system. Overall, our findings reveal that under tropical conditions, agriculture and forested soil can present similar recalcitrant pools of carbon and nitrogen if agricultural soils are associated with the appropriate fertilizer management. Pasture with adequate fertilization management systems can be used as an alternative to recover degraded areas with low levels of recalcitrant carbon and nitrogen pools.
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Scharnagl, B., J. A. Vrugt, H. Vereecken, and M. Herbst. "Information content of incubation experiments for inverse estimation of pools in the Rothamsted carbon model: a Bayesian perspective." Biogeosciences 7, no. 2 (February 25, 2010): 763–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-763-2010.

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Abstract. A major drawback of current soil organic carbon (SOC) models is that their conceptually defined pools do not necessarily correspond to measurable SOC fractions in real practice. This not only impairs our ability to rigorously evaluate SOC models but also makes it difficult to derive accurate initial states of the individual carbon pools. In this study, we tested the feasibility of inverse modelling for estimating pools in the Rothamsted carbon model (ROTHC) using mineralization rates observed during incubation experiments. This inverse approach may provide an alternative to existing SOC fractionation methods. To illustrate our approach, we used a time series of synthetically generated mineralization rates using the ROTHC model. We adopted a Bayesian approach using the recently developed DiffeRential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) algorithm to infer probability density functions of the various carbon pools at the start of incubation. The Kullback-Leibler divergence was used to quantify the information content of the mineralization rate data. Our results indicate that measured mineralization rates generally provided sufficient information to reliably estimate all carbon pools in the ROTHC model. The incubation time necessary to appropriately constrain all pools was about 900 days. The use of prior information on microbial biomass carbon significantly reduced the uncertainty of the initial carbon pools, decreasing the required incubation time to about 600 days. Simultaneous estimation of initial carbon pools and decomposition rate constants significantly increased the uncertainty of the carbon pools. This effect was most pronounced for the intermediate and slow pools. Altogether, our results demonstrate that it is particularly difficult to derive reasonable estimates of the humified organic matter pool and the inert organic matter pool from inverse modelling of mineralization rates observed during incubation experiments.
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Wei, Meng, Aijun Zhang, Zhonghou Tang, Peng Zhao, Hong Pan, Hui Wang, Quangang Yang, Yanhong Lou, and Yuping Zhuge. "Active carbon pool-size is enhanced by long-term manure application." Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 11 (November 2, 2020): 598–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/426/2020-pse.

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We studied the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC)-pool mineralisation in agricultural soil. A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted using the soil from a long-term experiment involving the following fertilisation regimes: no fertilisation (CK); mineral (NPK); organic (M), and combined organic-inorganic fertilisers (MNPK). SOC mineralisation rate decreased as follows: MNPK &gt; M &gt; NPK &gt; CK. Cumulative SOC mineralisation (C<sub>m</sub>) ranged between 730.15 and 3 022.09 mg/kg in CK and MNPK, respectively; 8.81% (CK) to 20.45% (MNPK) of initial SOC was mineralised after a 360-day incubation. Soil C<sub>m</sub> values were significantly higher under NPK, M, and MNPK compared to those under the CK treatment. Dynamic variation in C<sub>m</sub> with incubation time fitted a double exponential model. Active carbon pools accounted for 2.06–6.51% of total SOC and the average mean resistant time (MRT<sub>1</sub>) was 28.76 days, whereas slow carbon pools accounted for 93.49–97.94% of SOC, with an average MRT<sub>2</sub> of 8.53 years. The active carbon pool in fertilised soils was larger than in CK; furthermore, it was larger in M- and MNPK- than under NPK-treated plots. SOC decomposed more easily in long-term fertilised plots than in non-fertilised plots.
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Omar, Hamdan, Norsheilla Mohd Johan Chuah, Ismail Parlan, and Abdul Khalim Abu Samah. "Assessing Carbon Pools in Dipterocarp Forests of Peninsular Malaysia." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 3, no. 1 (July 27, 2015): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v3i1.685.

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Modification and loss of forests due to natural and anthropogenic disturbances contribute an estimated 20% of annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide. Accounting GHG emissions associated with forestry, specifically, and land use generally is crucial in recent days because forests play major roles in balancing terrestrial carbon and contribute to the mitigation of global warming and climate change. Consequent to the awareness of climate change, reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation, and conservation (REDD+) programmed was introduced at the international level to promote forest conservation and enhance forest governances. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) came out with protocols on how to account the carbonstored and released from the forests. Principally there are five primary carbon pools in a forest, which are above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass, deadwood, litter, and soils that accumulate and in some conditions release carbon. However, about 98% of carbon stored in a forest comprises trees components (aboveground and belowground living biomass, deadwood and litters) and the remaining is stored in soils. Many factors interact to affect the flux dynamics of these carbon pools, including the type of forest ecosystem, the age of the forest, and if harvested, the length of stand rotation cycles and the forestry practices used. Logging these forests, in a sense, represents an opportunity cost, as the time necessary for a harvested forest to regain its carbon sink capacity can take many decades, and if left undisturbed, would have gone on to expand its carbon pool or at least remain in constant over time. In this study, the lowland dipterocarp forest, where logging often takes place, is profiled in terms of biomass carbon. Pahang, which has the largest forest cover and biggest timber production in Peninsular Malaysia, was selected as the study area. The dipterocarp forests comprise both protection and production functions were categorized into strata based on year elapsed after logging (i.e. logged 1-10, 11-20, 21-30, and > 30 years). Measurements have been conducted on the ground and all the carbon pools in these strata were assessed. The study found significant differences between each stratum in terms of carbon and the results are presented in this paper. The effects of harvesting practices on carbon pools are also discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbon pool’s"

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Santos, Josiane Bürkner dos. "Alterações no estoque e taxa de sequestro de carbono em um Latossoto vermelho submetido a sistemas de manejo." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2006. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2193.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T19:29:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 josiane.pdf: 937524 bytes, checksum: fac9597a15355333fedce082a07f433d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-17
The objective of this study was to quantify the changes of the total carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) stock, and the variation of the C pool’s in monthly soil samples, and the C balance and C sequestration rates provoked by the soil tillage systems. The soil samples were accomplished in a long term experiment implanted in 1988, in the experimental station of Fundação ABC located in Ponta Grossa city, Center-South area of the Paraná State. The soil tillage systems were comprised: a) Conventional Tillage (CT); b) Minimum Tillage (MT); c) No-tillage with chisel plow (NTCP) each three years; and d) No-tillage – Continuous (NTC). Soil samples for each treatments were obtained by digging 3 profiles of 20-cm x 50-cm (surface area) x 50-cm deep for each replicate, and collected from three depths (0,0- to 2.5- cm, 2.5- to 5-cm, 5- to 10-cm). In the samples collected in October of 2003, May of 2004 and November of 2004, the total organic carbon (TOC) and the total nitrogen in all of the depths was measured. The particle size fractionation was accomplished, separating the soil in fractions in the size of 2000 - 210 Wm, 210 - 53 Wm and <53 Wm. In all these fractions TOC was determined. The treatments had significant effects on TOC and TN contents and pools. The total C and N stock in NTC was superior to the other systems demonstrating larger maintenance of C in the soil. The larger concentration of C was observed in the 210 to 53 Wm particle size fraction in the NTC. In the 2000 - 210 Wm fraction of the 0,0-2,5 cm layer were observed larger changes in the C stock due to the management systems in the samples at all long year. The greatest change was accomplished to CT. In NTP, the stock of C was larger in all soil samples, indicating that the maintenance of the cultural residues in the associated surface protection of the aggregates allows larger accumulation of C. Although the C stock in the particle size fraction <53 Wm not to present significant differences among the management systems, and was observed the C migration of the coarse fractions (210-53 and 2000-210 Wm) to the recalcitrant particle size fraction, indicating a continuous C flow. The C balance model adjusted for the local conditions revealed that the oxidation rate acted by K2 is inferior to the simulations accomplished by other authors, demonstrating the importance of the local conditions. With this model, the minimum amount of crop residues to maintain NTC system in steady-state was 8,05 Mg ha-1 year-1 while in the PC treatment it won't be possible to reach the balance with the amount of crop residues placed in this long term experiment, being a deficient system.
RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo quantificar as alterações provocadas pela adoção de sistemas de manejo do solo sobre o estoque total de carbono (C) e nitrogênio (N), a variação do estoque do C nas épocas de coleta, o balanço de C e as taxas de seqüestro de C. As coletas do solo foram realizadas em um experimento de longa duração, implantado em 1988, na estação experimental da Fundação ABC em Ponta Grossa, Meso Região Centro-Oriental do Estado do Paraná. Os sistemas de manejo do solo foram avaliados: a) Preparo convencional (PC), Preparo mínimo (PM), plantio direto escarificado (PDE) e plantio direto permanente (PDP). As amostras foram coletadas em 12 épocas com intervalos mensais e nas profundidades de 0,0-2,5; 2,5-5,0 e 5,0-10 cm de profundidade. As amostras deformadas foram coletadas em mini-trincheiras nas camadas de 0,0-2,5 e 2,5-5,0 cm e na camada de 5,0- 10,0 cm com o auxílio do trado. Nas amostras coletadas em outubro de 2003, maio de 2004 e novembro de 2004 foi determinado o carbono orgânico total (COT) e o nitrogênio total (NT) em todas as profundidades amostradas. Nas amostras coletadas mensalmente foi realizado o fracionamento granulométrico da matéria orgânica, separando o solo em frações no tamanho 2000 – 210 Wm, 210 – 53 Wm e < 53 Wm. Em todas estas frações foi determinado o COT. O estoque total de C e N no PDP foi superior aos demais sistemas de manejo demonstrando maior manutenção do C no solo. O estoque de C nas frações granulométricas apresentaram diferenças significativas entre as camadas amostradas, observando-se maior concentração de C na fração 210 a 53 Wm do PDP. Na fração 2000 – 210 Wm da camada de 0,0-2,5 cm observaram-se maior alteração no estoque de C devido aos sistemas de manejo durante as épocas de coleta, sendo a maior amplitude de variação atribuída ao PC. No PDP, o estoque de C foi maior em todas as épocas de coleta indicando que a manutenção dos resíduos culturais na superfície associada à proteção dos agregados permite maior acúmulo de C. Embora o estoque de C na fração < 53 Wm não apresentar diferenças significativas entre os sistemas de manejo, observou-se uma migração do C das frações mais grosseiras (210-53 e 2000-210 Wm) para esta fração mais recalcitrante, indicando um fluxo contínuo de C. O modelo de balanço de C proposto por Henin e Dupuis (1945) e ajustado para as condições locais revelou que a taxa de oxidação representada pelo K2 é inferior às simulações realizadas por outros autores, demonstrando a importância das condições locais. Com este modelo, a quantidade mínima de resíduos culturais para manter sistema PDP em equilíbrio foi de 8,05 Mg ha-1 ano-1 enquanto no PC não será possível atingir o equilíbrio com a quantidade de resíduos culturais aportada, sendo um sistema deficitário.
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Singh, Mamta Hari Om. "Soil organic carbon pools in turfgrass systems of Ohio." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1187117113.

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Kolodziej, Scott Michael. "Management effects on labile organic carbon pools." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2424.

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It is well documented that increases in soil organic matter (SOM) improve soil physical properties and increase the overall fertility and sustainability of the soil. Research in SOM storage has recently amplified following the proposal that agricultural soils may provide a significant carbon (C) sink that may aid in the mitigation of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Observed differences in lint yield and nitrogen response from a cotton performance study at the Texas A&M University Experimental Farm near College Station, TX prompted us to examine the effects of tillage and rotation on soil organic C (SOC), soil microbial biomass C (SMBC), 38-day cumulative C mineralization (38-day CMIN), hot-water extractable organic C (hot-WEOC), carbohydrate C, and total glomalin. The treatments examined included conventional-till continuous cotton (CT), reduced-till continuous cotton (RT), and conventional-till cotton after corn rotation (CC) treatments. In pre-plant soil samples, SOC, SMBC, and 38-day CMIN in the top 5 cm were 33, 58, and 79 % greater in RT and 29, 32, and 36 % greater in CC vs. CT. Comparable differences were observed for hot-WEOC and carbohydrate C. Little seasonal variation was observed for labile-C pools throughout the growing season, suggesting minimal C input from cotton roots. Water-stable aggregation was not significantly affected by management, and did not correlate with labile-C pools or total glomalin. Labile-C pools were generally more responsive to management vs. SOC and were strongly correlated with one another. Carbohydrate C of hot-water extracts exhibited the strongest relationships with SMBC and 38-day CMIN, even though it comprised only 3 and 5 % of these pools, respectively. Our data suggest that increasing SOC in Texas cotton-cropping systems through conservation management is possible. Long-term data are still needed to fully address SOC storage potentials in Texas, but increases in labile-C pools resulting from conservation management are attainable and have the potential to positively impact soil fertility.
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Zakharova, Anna. "Soil organic matter dynamics: influence of soil disturbance on labile pools." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9944.

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Soils are the largest pool of carbon (C) in terrestrial ecosystems and store 1500 Gt of C in their soil organic matter (SOM). SOM is a dynamic, complex and heterogeneous mixture, which influences soil quality through a wide range of soil properties. Labile SOM comprises a small fraction of total SOM (approximately 5%), but due to its rapid turnover has been suggested to be most vulnerable to loss following soil disturbance. This research was undertaken to examine the consequences of soil disturbance on labile SOM, its availability and protection in soils using the isotopic analysis of soil-respired CO₂ (δ¹³CO₂). A range of soils were incubated in both the short- (minutes) and long-term (months) to assess changes in labile SOM. Shifts in soil-respired δ¹³CO₂ over the course of soil incubations were found to reflect changes in labile substrate utilisation. There was a rapid depletion of δ¹³CO₂ (from a starting range between -22.5 and -23.9‰, to between -25.8 and -27.5‰) immediately after soil sampling. These initial changes in δ¹³CO₂ indicated an increased availability of labile SOM following the disturbance of coring the soil and starting the incubations. Subsequently δ¹³CO₂ reverted back to the initial, relatively enriched starting values, but this took several months and was due to labile SOM pools becoming exhausted. A subsequent study was undertaken to test if soil-respired δ¹³CO₂ values are a direct function of the amount of labile SOM and soil physical conditions. A range of pasture soils were incubated in the short-term (300 minutes), and changes in soil-respired δ¹³CO₂ were measured along with physical and chemical soil properties. Equilibrium soil-respired δ¹³CO₂, observed after the initial rapid depletion and stabilisation, was a function of the amount of labile SOM (measured as hot water extractable C, HWEC), total soil C and soil protection capacity (measured as specific soil surface area, SSA). An independent experimental approach to assess the effect of SSA, where labile SOM was immobilised onto allophane – a clay mineral with large, active surface area – indicated limited availability of labile SOM through more enriched δ¹³CO₂ (in a range between -20.5 and -20.6 ‰) and a significant (up to three times) reduction in HWEC. In the third study, isotopic measurements were coupled with CO₂ evolution rates to directly test whether equilibrium soil-respired δ¹³CO₂ can reflect labile SOM vulnerability to loss. Soils were sampled from an experimental tillage trial with different management treatments (chemical fallow, arable cropping and permanent pasture) with a range of C inputs and soil disturbance regimes. Soils were incubated in the short- (300 minutes) and long-term (600 days) and changes in δ¹³CO₂ and respiration rates measured. Physical and chemical fractionation methods were used to quantify the amount of labile SOM. Pasture soils were characterised by higher labile SOM estimates (HWEC; sand-sized C; labile C respired during long-term incubations) than the other soils. Long-term absence of plant inputs in fallow soils resulted in a significant depletion of labile SOM (close to 50% based on sand-sized C and HWEC estimates) compared with pasture soils. The values of δ¹³CO₂ became more depleted in 13C from fallow to pasture soils (from -26.3 ‰ to -28.1 ‰) and, when standardised (against the isotopic composition of the solid soil material), Δ¹³CO₂ values also showed a decrease from fallow to pasture soils (from -0.3 ‰ to -1.1 ‰). Moreover, these patterns in isotopic measures were in strong agreement with the amount of labile SOM and its availability across the soils, and were best explained by the isotopic values of the labile HWEC fraction. Collectively, these results confirm that labile SOM availability and utilisation change immediately after soil disturbance. Moreover, isotopic analysis of soil-respired CO₂ is a powerful technique, which enables us to probe mechanisms and examine the consequences of soil disturbance on labile SOM by reflecting its availability and the degree of SOM protection.
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Gamnitzer, Ulrike. "Kinetic characterisation of respiratory carbon pools in a grassland ecosystem." kostenfrei, 2010. https://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/node?id=956652.

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Giese, Laura. "Carbon Pools and Fluxes as an Indicator of Riparian Restoration." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26118.

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Riparian forests are integral components of the landscape. The inherent biogeochemical processes that occur in such forests provide numerous benefits to wildlife and society. Maintaining good water quality is a major benefit from riparian forests and therefore, the maintenance, creation, or restoration of riparian forests is indispensable. This study was designed to broaden current knowledge of the complex, interrelated biogeochemical processes and determine indices for riparian forest restoration based on the various carbon pools/fluxes that may represent restoration success. This study was implemented on the Savannah River Site, an Environmental Research Park, where several riparian forests are recovering from thermal disturbances. The streams in these forests were subjected to thermal discharges that increased flows and resulted in removal of soil and a decline in the amount of woody vegetation. Two of these riparian forests are at different ages post-disturbance and represent different stages of recovery, which provides an exceptional opportunity to study successional processes in riparian forests and enhance restoration efforts. Linear transects perpendicular to the main stream channels were established in 2 recovering riparian forests of different ages (two areas in Pen Branch ~ 8 years post-disturbance; Fourmile Branch ~ 12 years post disturbance) and an undisturbed (thermally) more mature riparian forest (Meyerâ s Branch ~ 60 years). Along these transects quantitative data were obtained on above and belowground carbon pools and fluxes. Carbon pools exhibited a close correlation with riparian forest development. Biomass and carbon pools increased with increasing riparian forest stand age. The importance of the herbaceous carbon pool declined relative to the total above ground biomass, and the root carbon pool increased with forest age/succession. In general, net primary production (NPP) in young riparian forests (~8-10 years) rapidly approached and even exceeded NPP of more mature riparian forests. Once the herbaceous stage of succession was surpassed, the litterfall component of NPP plays a greater role riparian forests. As a woody overstory became established (after ~ 8-10 years), annual litterfall rates as a function of NPP were independent of forest age. Establishment of woody species occurred ~8 to 10 years after thermal disturbance and litterfall amount in young riparian forests rapidly became comparable to mature riparian forests. Lateral litter movement from the riparian forest toward the stream was less than the amount of litter (carbon pool) deposited from upstream into the riparian forest during a flood event. Overall lateral litter movement supplied less energy to the stream system than vertical inputs. A decline in riparian forest floor biomass was observed with increasing riparian forest development. However, a difference in foliar forest floor percent carbon lended itself to a minimal increase in the forest floor carbon pool with increasing riparian forest age. Woody debris in riparian forests comprised a relatively small carbon pool compared to tree and soil carbon pools. The species composition of litter appeared to be more of an overriding factor influencing decomposition rates than forest age. The influence of litter quality was evident in the decomposition rates of the different litter composites used in this study. In all 4 sites the litter composite from the mature riparian forest decomposed significantly more than the litter composites from the younger riparian forests. The fairly rapid decomposition of red maple (Acer rubrum L.), which was one of the main components in the mature riparian forest litter composite, influenced the greater decomposition rate. The litter composites from the younger riparian forests were similar and both included more decomposition resistant litter types, specifically waxmyrtle (Myrica cerifera L.) and alder (Alnus serrulata (Ait.) Willd.). Decomposition rates did not differ between the individual successional stages. Riparian forests are intimately associated with their hydroperiod. During flood events the riparian forest receives inputs of organic matter and sediment, and the amount of deposition may decrease along a distance gradient from the main stream channel. The differential amount of inputs could affect forest productivity. However, in these riparian forests, a distance gradient effect was not observed. Trends in herbaceous biomass were evident along a microtopographic moisture gradient. The ridge and swale microtopography prevalent in the younger riparian forests counteracted a distance from the stream channel gradient effect across the riparian forest. This study provided knowledge of how carbon pools and fluxes change with riparian forest recovery from disturbance as well as through different seral stages. Implementing the findings of this study will enhance restoration evaluation efforts to ensure that these areas continue to provide the numerous benefits gleamed from them.
Ph. D.
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Gathany, Mark A. "Sources of variation in ecosystem carbon pools : a comparison of adjacent old- and second-growth forests /." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1102537971.

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Elsey-Quirk, Tracy. "Inter- and intraspecific variation in carbon and nutrient pools of salt marsh plants." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 236 p, 2010. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1993336371&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Svensson, Magnus. "Carbon dynamics in spruce forest ecosystems - modelling pools and trends for Swedish conditions." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Real Estate and Construction Management, Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4240.

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Heimsch, Florian [Verfasser]. "Carbon Fluxes and Pools in a Montane Rainforest in Sulawesi, Indonesia / Florian Heimsch." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230138048/34.

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Books on the topic "Carbon pool’s"

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Mund, Martina. Carbon pools of European beech forests (Fagus sylvatica) under different silvicultural management. Göttingen: FZW, 2004.

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Owens, Tench Pool. Tench Carson Pool: His ancestors and descendants. Clinton, S.C. (P.O. Box 804, Clinton 29325): T.P. Owens, 1986.

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Institut geografii (Rossiĭskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ nauk). Nazemnye ėkosistemy borealʹnoĭ zony, kak rezervuary ugleroda v pozdnem pleĭstot︠s︡ene i golot︠s︡ene: Tezisy nauchnoĭ konferent︠s︡ii, Moskva, 18-19 apreli︠a︡ 2000 g. = Boreal terrestrial ecosystems as carbon pools in the late Pleistocene and Holocene : abstracts, Moscow, April 18-19, 2000. Moskva: Institut geografii RAN, 2000.

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Saint Moling Luachra: A pilgrimage from Sliabh Luachra to Rinn Ros Broic above the stream-pools of the Barrow : Geinemain Molling ocus a bhetae (The birth and life of St. Moling). Blackrock, Co. Dublin: Columba Press, 2001.

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Hughes, R. Flint. Effects of deforestation and land use on biomass, carbon, and nutrient pools in the Los Tuxtlas Region, Mexico. 1997.

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Armstrong, Chris. Resource Taxes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198702726.003.0009.

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This chapter examines some of the best-known suggestions for advancing justice when it comes to natural resources: resource taxes. It begins by addressing some general questions about when, why, and on what we should levy taxes. It also addresses some concerns about taxing natural resources in particular, and clarifies the role resource taxes can play in the egalitarian project. One of its principal conclusions is that a single undifferentiated global tax on natural resources is unlikely to serve justice well. The chapter therefore concludes with discussions of user charges on common-pool resources, carbon taxes, and a tax on Sovereign Wealth Funds.
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Dinamika transformasi nitrogen pada lahan hutan dan alang-alang: Kajian khusus terhadap laju mineralisasi fraksionasi pool carbon dan nitrogen. Bengkulu: Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Bengkulu., 1998.

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Quintana, José Mario, Carlos Carvalho, James Scott, and Thomas Costigliola. Extracting S&P500 and NASDAQ Volatility: The Credit Crisis of 2007–2008. Edited by Anthony O'Hagan and Mike West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198703174.013.13.

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This article demonstrates the utility of Bayesian modelling and inference in financial market volatility analysis, using the 2007-2008 credit crisis as a case study. It first describes the applied problem and goal of the Bayesian analysis before introducing the sequential estimation models. It then discusses the simulation-based methodology for inference, including Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and particle filtering methods for filtering and parameter learning. In the study, Bayesian sequential model choice techniques are used to estimate volatility and volatility dynamics for daily data for the year 2007 for three market indices: the Standard and Poor’s S&P500, the NASDAQ NDX100 and the financial equity index called XLF. Three models of financial time series are estimated: a model with stochastic volatility, a model with stochastic volatility that also incorporates jumps in volatility, and a Garch model.
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Book chapters on the topic "Carbon pool’s"

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Cole, C. Vernon, Keith Paustian, Edward T. Elliott, Alister K. Metherell, Dennis S. Ojima, and William J. Parton. "Analysis of Agroecosystem Carbon Pools." In Terrestrial Biospheric Carbon Fluxes:, 357–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1982-5_23.

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Vinson, Ted S., and Tatyana P. Kolchugina. "Pools and Fluxes of Biogenic Carbon in the Former Soviet Union." In Terrestrial Biospheric Carbon Fluxes:, 223–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1982-5_15.

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Heath, Linda S., Richard A. Birdsey, Clark Row, and Andrew J. Plantinga. "Carbon pools and fluxes in U.S. forest products." In Forest Ecosystems, Forest Management and the Global Carbon Cycle, 271–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61111-7_25.

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Hein, Jonas, and Yvonne Kunz. "Adapting in a carbon pool?" In A Critical Approach to Climate Change Adaptation, 151–68. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge advances in climate change research: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315165448-8.

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Lorenz, Klaus, and Rattan Lal. "Carbon Dynamics and Pools in Major Forest Biomes of the World." In Carbon Sequestration in Forest Ecosystems, 159–205. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3266-9_4.

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Jandl, Robert, Silvio Schüler, Andreas Schindlbacher, and Christian Tomiczek. "Forests, Carbon Pool, and Timber Production." In Ecosystem Services and Carbon Sequestration in the Biosphere, 101–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6455-2_6.

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Ose, Yasuo, and Tomoaki Kunugi. "Numerical Simulation on Subcooled Pool Boiling." In Zero-Carbon Energy Kyoto 2009, 354–59. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-99779-5_57.

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Ose, Yasuo, and Tomoaki Kunugi. "Numerical Investigation of Subcooled Pool Boiling Bubble Behavior." In Zero-Carbon Energy Kyoto 2011, 273–78. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54067-0_32.

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Rice, Charles W., and Fernando O. Garcia. "Biologically Active Pools of Carbon and Nitrogen in Tallgrass Prairie Soil." In SSSA Special Publications, 201–8. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America and American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub35.c14.

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Gómez, Cristina, Joanne C. White, and Michael A. Wulder. "Changing Trends of Biomass and Carbon Pools in Mediterranean Pine Forests." In Managing Forest Ecosystems: The Challenge of Climate Change, 119–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28250-3_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Carbon pool’s"

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Azian, M., M. S. Nizam, M. Samsudin, and P. Ismail. "Assessment of carbon pools in production forest, Pahang, Malaysia." In THE 2016 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2016 Postgraduate Colloquium. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4966843.

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Yan, Yi-ping, and Jian-hua Cao. "Influence of land use patterns on soil organic carbon decomposition and carbon pools in karst areas of Guilin, China." In 2011 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecc.2011.6067943.

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Fox, Julian C., Mark L. Williams, Tony Milne, and Rodney J. Keenan. "Protocols for field sampling of forest carbon pools for Monitoring, Reporting and Verification Of REDD." In IGARSS 2010 - 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2010.5652830.

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Mao, Tianyu, Tingting Shi, and Yajuan Li. "Capacity Estimation of Soil Organic Carbon Pools in the Intertidal Zone of the Bohai Bay." In 2015 International Symposium on Material, Energy and Environment Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ism3e-15.2015.86.

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Miyahara, Shinya, Hiroyasu Ishikawa, and Yoshio Yoshizawa. "Reaction Behavior of Carbon Dioxide With Liquid Sodium Pool." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75900.

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Reaction behavior of carbon dioxide (CO2) with a liquid sodium pool was experimentally investigated to understand the consequences of boundary tube failure in a sodium-CO2 heat exchanger. In this study, two kinds of experiments were carried out to investigate the reaction behavior. In one experiment, about 1–5g of liquid sodium pool were poured into flowing CO2 to obtain the information mainly about the thermo-chemical conditions to initiate the reaction and the chemical constituents of reaction products. During the experiment, visual observation was made using video-camera and the temperature change of the sodium pool and near the surface was measured by thermocouples. The experimental parameters were the sodium pool diameter, the initial temperature of sodium and CO2, the CO2 flow direction against pool surface, and the initial moisture concentration in CO2. The solid products of sodium-CO2 reaction were sampled and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersion X-ray analysis (EDX), Total Organic Carbon analysis (TOC), and chemical analysis. The reaction gas products were also sampled and analyzed by gas chromatography. In the other experiment, CO2 was injected into about 200g of liquid sodium pool to simulate the boundary failure in the sodium-CO2 heat exchanger. The CO2 was fed through a helical coil-type tube dipped into the pool to adjust the temperature to the sodium pool temperature, and injected upward into the pool from a pool bottom using a nozzle attached at the end-side of the tube. The experimental parameters were the initial temperature of sodium, the diameter of the nozzle, the flow rate and the injection time of CO2. The temperature change of sodium pool and the cover gas was measured by thermocouples during the experiment, and the reaction products were sampled and analyzed by the same manner as in the former experiments after the experiment. From these experiments, it became clear that the exothermic reaction occurred above a threshold temperature, and useful and indispensable information such as the resulting temperature and pressure rise and the behavior of solid reaction products in the pool was obtained to evaluate the consequences of boundary tube failure incident in a sodium-CO2 heat exchanger.
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Kifner, Lydia H., Aria Amirbahman, Aram Calhoun, and Stephen A. Norton. "IDENTIFYING ENVIRONMENTAL PREDICTORS AND QUANTIFYING METHANE AND CARBON DIOXIDE FLUX FROM FOUR VERNAL POOLS, MAINE USA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-305369.

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Lewis, J. C., R. R. Hantgan, N. Kieffer, A. Nurden, and J. Breton-Gorius. "DISTRIBUTION OF GLYCOPROTEINS (GP) lib AND Ilia AND THEIR COMPLEX ON ADHERENT/ACTIVATED PLATELETS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643707.

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Redistribution of GP Ilbllla has recentlybeen demonstrated for platelets activatedin suspension in the presence of either fibrinogen or specific monoclonal antibodies, and it has been suggested that redistribution is important for normal platelet function. Reported here is the distribution of GPIIb an GPIIIa following adhesion, and event focal to the hemostatic process. Human platelets isolated by centrifugation from heparinized blood and washed in Hank’s Salts, pH 6.5 with and without EDTA (3%) were activated by adhesion to carbon-stabilized formvar grids. Subsequent to activation/adhesion, GP’s were localized by immunoelectron microscopy on whole-mount cells using colloidal gold particles of different sizes. Primary antibodies included mouse monoclonal antibodies C17 (anti IIIa) and PI 12 (anti IIb), rabbit polyclonal antibodies aIIb, aIIIa and antibodies HpL2 and IgGL directed against IIb and the complex. Upon activation with pseudopod extension the Gp’s were colocalized with combined immunochemistry (C17 & aIIb, P112 & aIIIa). Greatest density was observed along pseudopods and the elaborating hyalomere. In addition to colocalization,discrete pools of either IIb or IIIa were interspersed with the complexes over the hyalomere. The pools, ranging in diameter to 0.3 μM were accentuated with hyalomere development; corresponding with release, both the pools and the complexes migrated centripetally to the granulomere. Thisresulted in an absence of Gp over the hyalomere. During hyalomere Gp migration, the label at pseudopods and the cell margin remained intact. Both centripetal movement and pool sizeswere accentuated at 37°C. Immunodetection over the granulomere was minimal following release, but small pools of individual Gp’s were again observed randomly over the hyalomere. Both clustering and relocation of Gp occurred in the presence of EDTA. Verification of individual Gp clusters and IIbIIIa complex clusters was achieved by double labeling using an antibody against the complex in conjunction with antibodies againstlib or IIIa. The complex always colocalized with the individual Gp’s; however, in all combinations the individual Gp’s were alsoobserved as separate pools.
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Ujereh Jr., S., I. Mudawar, and T. Fisher. "EFFECTS OF CARBON NANOTUBE ARRAY PATTERNING ON NUCLEATE POOL BOILING." In Annals of the Assembly for International Heat Transfer Conference 13. Begell House Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc13.p8.130.

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Perez, Carlos, Stephen M. Walton, and Margaret S. Wooldridge. "An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Functional Group Structure on Particulate Matter and NO Emissions of Oxygenated Hydrocarbons." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41947.

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The effects of alkyl group size on nitric oxide and soot emissions in small esters was investigated using a multi-element diffusion burner (a Hencken burner) and pool fires at atmospheric pressure. The esters were chosen to examine chemical structure characteristics, e.g. carboxylic acid length, while holding other parameters constant (molecular weight, and C:H:O ratio), to determine the effects of various structural parameters on the particulate matter and NO emissions. The esters were chosen to vary alkyl chain length from one to four carbons in both their alcohol and carboxylic acid groups with the largest ester chosen containing 5 carbons in total. Increasing the carbon content increased the relative sooting tendencies of the esters. Within the isomer pairs considered, the sooting tendency was higher for compounds with longer alcohol groups compared to longer carboxylic groups. Although the NO results were convolved with temperature and structural effects are not isolated, the NO emissions were significantly affected by the addition of the esters to a baseline methane flame.
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Ujereh, Sebastine O., Issam Mudawar, Placidius B. Amama, Timothy S. Fisher, and Weilin Qu. "Enhanced Pool Boiling Using Carbon Nanotube Arrays on a Silicon Surface." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80065.

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Progress in integrated circuit technology has caused device density and power dissipation to increase, resulting in significant cooling challenges. Pool boiling is an attractive cooling option because of its unique combination of passive fluid circulation and high heat flux capability. Having no mechanical pumps, pool boiling hardware is less complex, easier to seal, and free of pump-induced fluid pulsations that are present with many alternative approaches. One of the main obstacles for improvements in pool boiling technology is the limiting factor of critical heat flux (CHF), which limits cooling capacity. The present experimental work considers the introduction of carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays on the chip surface to delay CHF and to enhance boiling heat transfer. Pool boiling curves for a smooth silicon surface and a silicon surface coated with CNTs were obtained. Tests were conducted in which power was input in 1 W increments to the respective silicon surfaces immersed in FC-72 fluid. These experiments reveal significant boiling enhancement. Testing reveals a measured CHF of approximately 15 W/cm2 for a CNT-coated silicon wafer and a CHF of approximately 10 W/cm2 for bare silicon wafers. Further, superheat at fully developed boiling is reduced on CNT-coated surfaces by up to 60%, and effective heat transfer coefficients are enhanced by approximately 400% by the presence of CNTs.
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Reports on the topic "Carbon pool’s"

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Dai, Zhaohua, Carl, C. Trettin, and Bernard, R. Parresol. The terrestrial carbon inventory on the Savannah River Site: Assessing the change in Carbon pools 1951-2001. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1032504.

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Resh, Sigrid C. Interactive Effects of Climate Change and Decomposer Communities on the Stabilization of Wood-Derived Carbon Pools: Catalyst for a New Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1163911.

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Lee Spangler, Lee A. Vierling, Eva K. Stand, Andrew T. Hudak, Jan U.H. Eitel, and Sebastian Martinuzzi. QUANTIFYING FOREST ABOVEGROUND CARBON POOLS AND FLUXES USING MULTI-TEMPORAL LIDAR A report on field monitoring, remote sensing MMV, GIS integration, and modeling results for forestry field validation test to quantify aboveground tree biomass and carbon. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1037874.

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Blackwood, Christopher. Technical Report Department of Energy Grant #SC0004335 “Tracking Down Cheaters. Molecular Analysis of Carbon Consumption by Organisms That Do Not Contribute to Extracellular Enzyme Pools”. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1247653.

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Dahowski, Robert T., and Stefan Bachu. Assessing the Effect of Timing of Availability for Carbon Dioxide Storage in the Largest Oil and Gas Pools in the Alberta Basin: Description of Data and Methodology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/967015.

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