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Journal articles on the topic 'Carbon quantum dots'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Rocha, C. G., T. G. Dargam, and A. Latg�. "Carbon Nanotube Quantum Dots." physica status solidi (b) 232, no. 1 (July 2002): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3951(200207)232:1<37::aid-pssb37>3.0.co;2-p.

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2

Wu, Yanyan, Cong Li, Henny C. van der Mei, Henk J. Busscher, and Yijin Ren. "Carbon Quantum Dots Derived from Different Carbon Sources for Antibacterial Applications." Antibiotics 10, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10060623.

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Nanoparticles possess unique features due to their small size and can be composed of different surface chemistries. Carbon quantum dots possess several unique physico-chemical and antibacterial activities. This review provides an overview of different methods to prepare carbon quantum dots from different carbon sources in order to provide guidelines for choosing methods and carbon sources that yield carbon quantum dots with optimal antibacterial efficacy. Antibacterial activities of carbon quantum dots predominantly involve cell wall damage and disruption of the matrix of infectious biofilms through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation to cause dispersal of infecting pathogens that enhance their susceptibility to antibiotics. Quaternized carbon quantum dots from organic carbon sources have been found to be equally efficacious for controlling wound infection and pneumonia in rodents as antibiotics. Carbon quantum dots derived through heating of natural carbon sources can inherit properties that resemble those of the carbon sources they are derived from. This makes antibiotics, medicinal herbs and plants or probiotic bacteria ideal sources for the synthesis of antibacterial carbon quantum dots. Importantly, carbon quantum dots have been suggested to yield a lower chance of inducing bacterial resistance than antibiotics, making carbon quantum dots attractive for large scale clinical use.

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3

Dong, Yongqiang, Jianpeng Lin, Yingmei Chen, Fengfu Fu, Yuwu Chi, and Guonan Chen. "Graphene quantum dots, graphene oxide, carbon quantum dots and graphite nanocrystals in coals." Nanoscale 6, no. 13 (2014): 7410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nr01482k.

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4

Buerkle, Marius, Slavia Deeksha Dsouza, Davide Mariotti, and Vladimir Svrcek. "(Keynote, Digital Presentation) First-Principles Study of Optical and Electronic Properties of Carbon Quantum Dots." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 20 (October 9, 2022): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0220906mtgabs.

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We study the optical and electronic properties of carbon-based quantum dots using first-principles calculations. Based on time-dependent density functional theory we calculated absorption and emission of carbon quantum dots, we focus on the influence of surface (edge) functional groups. We can show that nitrogen groups on the carbon edges are decisive for the emission properties of small carbon quantum dots and could give rise to charge-carrier multiplication which has been suggested by recent experiments. Moreover, we explain the stability, with regard to the absorption in the optical range, of carbon quantum dots under ambient conditions. Here, we demonstrate that surface oxidation does only influence the absorption in the visible light range but does give rise to variation in the UV absorption.

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5

Yuan, Dekai, Ping Wang, Liju Yang, Jesse L. Quimby, and Ya-Ping Sun. "Carbon “quantum” dots for bioapplications." Experimental Biology and Medicine 247, no. 4 (December 3, 2021): 300–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15353702211057513.

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Carbon “quantum” dots or carbon dots (CDots) exploit and enhance the intrinsic photoexcited state properties and processes of small carbon nanoparticles via effective nanoparticle surface passivation by chemical functionalization with organic species. The optical properties and photoinduced redox characteristics of CDots are competitive to those of established conventional semiconductor quantum dots and also fullerenes and other carbon nanomaterials. Highlighted here are major advances in the exploration of CDots for their serving as high-performance yet nontoxic fluorescence probes for one- and multi-photon bioimaging in vitro and in vivo, and for their uniquely potent antimicrobial function to inactivate effectively and efficiently some of the toughest bacterial pathogens and viruses under visible/natural or ambient light conditions. Opportunities and challenges in the further development of the CDots platform and related technologies are discussed.

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6

Sapmaz, Sami, Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, Leo P. Kouwenhoven, and Herre S. J. van der Zant. "Quantum dots in carbon nanotubes." Semiconductor Science and Technology 21, no. 11 (October 17, 2006): S52—S63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/21/11/s08.

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7

Ishibashi, Koji, Tetsuya Ida, Masaki Suzuki, Kazuhito Tsukagoshi, and Yoshinobu Aoyagi. "Quantum Dots in Carbon Nanotubes." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 39, Part 1, No. 12B (December 30, 2000): 7053–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.39.7053.

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8

Wang, Liang, Weitao Li, Luqiao Yin, Yijian Liu, Huazhang Guo, Jiawei Lai, Yu Han, et al. "Full-color fluorescent carbon quantum dots." Science Advances 6, no. 40 (October 2020): eabb6772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb6772.

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Quantum dots have innate advantages as the key component of optoelectronic devices. For white light–emitting diodes (WLEDs), the modulation of the spectrum and color of the device often involves various quantum dots of different emission wavelengths. Here, we fabricate a series of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) through a scalable acid reagent engineering strategy. The growing electron-withdrawing groups on the surface of CQDs that originated from acid reagents boost their photoluminescence wavelength red shift and raise their particle sizes, elucidating the quantum size effect. These CQDs emit bright and remarkably stable full-color fluorescence ranging from blue to red light and even white light. Full-color emissive polymer films and all types of high–color rendering index WLEDs are synthesized by mixing multiple kinds of CQDs in appropriate ratios. The universal electron-donating/withdrawing group engineering approach for synthesizing tunable emissive CQDs will facilitate the progress of carbon-based luminescent materials for manufacturing forward-looking films and devices.

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9

Nekoueian, Khadijeh, Mandana Amiri, Mika Sillanpää, Frank Marken, Rabah Boukherroub, and Sabine Szunerits. "Carbon-based quantum particles: an electroanalytical and biomedical perspective." Chemical Society Reviews 48, no. 15 (2019): 4281–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00445e.

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Carbon-based quantum particles, especially spherical carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and nanosheets like graphene quantum dots (GQDs), are an emerging class of quantum dots with unique properties owing to their quantum confinement effect.

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10

Dong, Yongqiang, Jianhua Cai, Xu You, and Yuwu Chi. "Sensing applications of luminescent carbon based dots." Analyst 140, no. 22 (2015): 7468–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5an01487e.

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Carbon based dots (CDs) including carbon quantum dots and graphene quantum dots exhibit unique luminescence properties, such as photoluminescence (PL), chemiluminescence (CL) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL).

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11

Kaur, Ajaypal, Komal Pandey, Ramandeep Kaur, Nisha Vashishat, and Manpreet Kaur. "Nanocomposites of Carbon Quantum Dots and Graphene Quantum Dots: Environmental Applications as Sensors." Chemosensors 10, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10090367.

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Carbon-based quantum dots and their nanocomposites have sparked immense interest for researchers as sensors due to their attractive physico-chemical properties caused by edge effects and quantum confinement. In this review article, we have discussed the synthesis and application of nanocomposites of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs). Different synthetic strategies for CQDs, GQDs, and their nanocomposites, are categorized as top-down and bottom-up approaches which include laser ablation, arc-discharge, chemical oxidation, ultrasonication, oxidative cleavage, microwave synthesis, thermal decomposition, solvothermal or hydrothermal method, stepwise organic synthesis, carbonization from small molecules or polymers, and impregnation. A comparison of methodologies is presented. The environmental application of nanocomposites of CQDs/GQDs and pristine quantum dots as sensors are presented in detail. Their applications envisage important domains dealing with the sensing of pollutant molecules. Recent advances and future perspective in the use of CQDs, GQDs, and their nanocomposites as sensors are also explored.

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12

Bhattacharjee, Lopamudra, Ramasamy Manoharan, Kallol Mohanta, and Rama Ranjan Bhattacharjee. "Conducting carbon quantum dots – a nascent nanomaterial." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 4 (2015): 1580–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta05491a.

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13

Zhang, Yalin, Lulu Hu, Yue Sun, Cheng Zhu, Rongsheng Li, Naiyun Liu, Hui Huang, Yang Liu, Chengzhi Huang, and Zhenhui Kang. "One-step synthesis of chiral carbon quantum dots and their enantioselective recognition." RSC Advances 6, no. 65 (2016): 59956–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra12420h.

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Chiral carbon quantum dots (l-carbon quantum dots, l-CQDs; and d-carbon quantum dots, d-CQDs) were synthesized through the facile hydrothermal treatment of carbonated citric acid and l-cysteine (or d-cysteine).

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14

Lim, Shi Ying, Wei Shen, and Zhiqiang Gao. "Carbon quantum dots and their applications." Chemical Society Reviews 44, no. 1 (2015): 362–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00269e.

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This review covers the progress in the research and development of carbon quantum dots and their applications in chemical sensing, biosensing, bioimaging, nanomedicine, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.

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15

Ibrayev, N. Kh. "SPECTRAL AND LUMINESCENT PROPERTIES OF CARBON QUANTUM DOTS FUNCTIONALIZED WITH N- AND S-CONTAINING GROUPS." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 18, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021no2/12-17.

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In the presented work, carbon quantum dots were obtained by microwave synthesis based on citric acid and Lcysteine. The resulting particles were characterized by electron and probe microscopy, dynamic light scattering and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The spectral and luminescent properties were investigated for the initial solution of carbon quantum dots, as well as solutions obtained as a result of dialysis of the synthesized product. It is shown that all samples exhibit the same optical properties. At the same time, the measurement of quantum yields showed that carbon dots that have passed through the dialysis membrane have the best fluorescent ability.

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16

Zhou, Hao, Shi-Huan Ren, Yuan-Ming Zhang, and and Hai-Guang Zhao. "Synthesis of Colloidal Carbon Quantum Dots." General Chemistry 7, no. 4 (2021): 210012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21127/yaoyigc20210012.

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17

Yeston, Jake. "Quantum dots visibly forge carbon bonds." Science 356, no. 6338 (May 11, 2017): 595.5–596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.356.6338.595-e.

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18

Luo, Pengju G., Sushant Sahu, Sheng-Tao Yang, Sumit K. Sonkar, Jinping Wang, Haifang Wang, Gregory E. LeCroy, Li Cao, and Ya-Ping Sun. "Carbon “quantum” dots for optical bioimaging." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 1, no. 16 (2013): 2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3tb00018d.

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19

Lim, Chee Shan, Katerina Hola, Adriano Ambrosi, Radek Zboril, and Martin Pumera. "Graphene and carbon quantum dots electrochemistry." Electrochemistry Communications 52 (March 2015): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2015.01.023.

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20

Tian, Lin, Zhao Li, Peng Wang, Xiuhui Zhai, Xiang Wang, and Tongxiang Li. "Carbon quantum dots for advanced electrocatalysis." Journal of Energy Chemistry 55 (April 2021): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2020.06.057.

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21

Ding, Xiaoteng, Yusheng Niu, Gong Zhang, Yuanhong Xu, and Jinghong Li. "Electrochemistry in Carbon‐based Quantum Dots." Chemistry – An Asian Journal 15, no. 8 (March 18, 2020): 1214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asia.202000097.

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22

Hüttel, A. K., B. Witkamp, and H. S. J. van der Zant. "Suspended carbon nanotube double quantum dots." physica status solidi (b) 244, no. 11 (November 2007): 4184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.200776182.

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23

Campuzano, Susana, Paloma Yáñez-Sedeño, and José M. Pingarrón. "Carbon Dots and Graphene Quantum Dots in Electrochemical Biosensing." Nanomaterials 9, no. 4 (April 19, 2019): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040634.

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Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon dots (CDs) are among the latest research frontiers in carbon-based nanomaterials. They provide interesting attributes to current electrochemical biosensing due to their intrinsic low toxicity, high solubility in many solvents, excellent electronic properties, robust chemical inertness, large specific surface area, abundant edge sites for functionalization, great biocompatibility, low cost, and versatility, as well as their ability for modification with attractive surface chemistries and other modifiers/nanomaterials. In this review article, the use of GQDs and CDs as signal tags or electrode surface modifiers to develop electrochemical biosensing strategies is critically discussed through the consideration of representative approaches reported in the last five years. The advantages and disadvantages arising from the use of GQDs and CDs in this context are outlined together with the still required work to fulfil the characteristics needed to achieve suitable electrochemical enzymatic and affinity biosensors with applications in the real world.

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24

Quaid, Thomas, Vahab Ghalandari, and Toufiq Reza. "Effect of Synthesis Process, Synthesis Temperature, and Reaction Time on Chemical, Morphological, and Quantum Properties of Carbon Dots Derived from Loblolly Pine." Biomass 2, no. 4 (October 5, 2022): 250–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomass2040017.

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In this study, carbon dots are synthesized hydrothermally from loblolly pine using top-down and bottom-up processes. The bottom-up process dialyzed carbon dots from hydrothermally treated process liquid. Meanwhile, hydrochar was oxidized into carbon dots in the top-down method. Carbon dots from top-down and bottom-up processes were compared for their yield, size, functionality, and quantum properties. Furthermore, hydrothermal treatment temperature and residence time were evaluated on the aforementioned properties of carbon dots. The results indicate that the top-down method yields higher carbon dots than bottom-up in any given hydrothermal treatment temperature and residence time. The size of the carbon dots decreases with the increase in reaction time; however, the size remains similar with the increase in hydrothermal treatment temperature. Regarding quantum yield, the carbon dots from the top-down method exhibit higher quantum yields than bottom-up carbon dots where the quantum yield reaches as high as 48%. The only exception of the bottom-up method is the carbon dots prepared at a high hydrothermal treatment temperature (i.e., 260 °C), where relatively higher quantum yield (up to 18.1%) was observed for the shorter reaction time. Overall, this study reveals that the properties of lignocellulosic biomass-derived carbon dots differ with the synthesis process as well as the processing parameters.

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25

Giordano, Marco Giuseppe, Giulia Seganti, Mattia Bartoli, and Alberto Tagliaferro. "An Overview on Carbon Quantum Dots Optical and Chemical Features." Molecules 28, no. 6 (March 19, 2023): 2772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062772.

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Carbon quantum dots are the materials of a new era with astonishing properties such as high photoluminescence, chemical tuneability and high biocompatibility. Since their discovery, carbon quantum dots have been described as nanometric high-fluorescent carbon nanoparticles, but this definition has become weaker year after year. Nowadays, the classification and the physical explanation of carbon quantum dots optical properties and their chemical structure remain matter of debate. In this review, we provide a clear discussion on these points, providing a starting point for the rationalization of their classification and a comprehensive view on the optical and chemical features of carbon quantum dots.

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26

Liu, Yuting, Di Zhong, Lei Yu, Yanfeng Shi, and Yuanhong Xu. "Primary Amine Functionalized Carbon Dots for Dead and Alive Bacterial Imaging." Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (January 21, 2023): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030437.

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Small molecular dyes are commonly used for bacterial imaging, but they still meet a bottleneck of biological toxicity and fluorescence photobleaching. Carbon dots have shown high potential for bio-imaging due to their low cost and negligible toxicity and anti-photobleaching. However, there is still large space to enhance the quantum yield of the carbon quantum dots and to clarify their mechanisms of bacterial imaging. Using carbon dots for dyeing alive bacteria is difficult because of the thick density and complicated structure of bacterial cell walls. In this work, both dead or alive bacterial cell imaging can be achieved using the primary amine functionalized carbon dots based on their small size, excellent quantum yield and primary amine functional groups. Four types of carbon quantum dots were prepared and estimated for the bacterial imaging. It was found that the spermine as one of precursors can obviously enhance the quantum yield of carbon dots, which showed a high quantum yield of 66.46% and high fluorescence bleaching-resistance (70% can be maintained upon 3-h-irradiation). Furthermore, a mild modifying method was employed to bound ethylenediamine on the surface of the spermine–carbon dots, which is favorable for staining not only the dead bacterial cells but also the alive ones. Investigations of physical structure and chemical groups indicated the existence of primary amine groups on the surface of spermine–carbon quantum dots (which own a much higher quantum yield) which can stain alive bacterial cells visibly. The imaging mechanism was studied in detail, which provides a preliminary reference for exploring efficient and environment-friendly carbon dots for bacterial imaging.

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27

Xu, Quan, Jiajia Gao, Siyang Wang, Yi Wang, Dong Liu, and Juncheng Wang. "Quantum dots in cell imaging and their safety issues." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 9, no. 29 (2021): 5765–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tb00729g.

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In this study, we study the imaging applications of Cd-containing quantum dots, CuInS₂ quantum dots, black phosphorus quantum dots, MXene quantum dots, and carbon-based quantum dots and discuss their toxicity in cells.

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28

Liu, H. "Quantum Conductance in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Quantum Dots." Defect and Diffusion Forum 226-228 (May 2004): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.226-228.1.

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29

Yulong, Ying, and Peng Xinsheng. "Recent advances in carbon-based dots for electroanalysis." Analyst 141, no. 9 (2016): 2619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5an02321a.

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Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) demonstrate unique properties in the electroanalysis field, including electroresistance, electrochemiluminescence, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical sensors.

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30

Torres, D., J. L. Pinilla, E. M. Gálvez, and I. Suelves. "Graphene quantum dots from fishbone carbon nanofibers." RSC Advances 6, no. 54 (2016): 48504–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09679d.

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31

Mondal, Somnath, Ravula Thirupathi, and Hanudatta S. Atreya. "Carbon quantum dots as a macromolecular crowder." RSC Advances 5, no. 6 (2015): 4489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra14019b.

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32

Wang, Zhezhe, Bo Yao, Yawei Xiao, Xu Tian, and Yude Wang. "Fluorescent Quantum Dots and Its Composites for Highly Sensitive Detection of Heavy Metal Ions and Pesticide Residues: A Review." Chemosensors 11, no. 7 (July 19, 2023): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11070405.

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Quantum dots nanomaterials have attracted extensive interest for fluorescence chemical sensors due their attributes, such as excellent optical characteristics, quantum size effects, interface effects, etc. Moreover, the fluorescence properties of quantum dots can be adjusted by changing their structure, size, morphology, composition, doping, and surface modification. In recent years, quantum dots nanomaterials have been considered the preferred sensing materials for the detection of heavy metal ions and pesticide residues by the interactions between quantum dots and various analytes, showing excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and interference, as well as reducing the cost of equipment compared with traditional measurement methods. In this review, the applications and sensing mechanisms of semiconductor quantum dots and carbon-based quantum dots are comprehensively discussed. The application of semiconductor quantum dots, carbon quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, and their nanocomposites that are utilized as fluorescence sensors are discussed in detailed, and the properties of various quantum dots for heavy metal ion and pesticide residue determination are also presented. The recent advances in and application perspectives regarding quantum dots and their composites are also summarized.

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33

Bian, Chenyu, Zhengxun Song, Tuoyu Ju, Hongfu Lv, and Huanzhou Yang. "Preparation and Application of Red-Emitting Thermo-Sensitive Carbon Quantum Dots." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3189.

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At present, there are few methods to detect cell temperature and most of them are blue light emitting. The red-emitting carbon quantum dots have the characteristics of high brightness, large Bohr radius, easy chemical modification and biological coupling, and high photothermal conversion efficiency. This paper introduces the synthesis and application of a new type of red-emitting thermo-sensitive carbon quantum dots. The quantum dot solution is brown when illuminated by white light, and red when excited by green light. The fluorescence intensity of the prepared quantum dots has a linear relation with temperature, and the linear coefficient is about 0.992, which can be used for non-destructive testing of cells. The carbon quantum dots synthesized in this study have performed temperature detection, fluorescence imaging and verification of the endocytosis of quantum dots on mouse myoblasts (C2C12). The results show that there is no damage to the cells and the temperature measurement results are accurate. The carbon quantum dots synthesized by this research method have good stability, biocompatibility, and are basically non-toxic to cells. It is of great significance for the development of nanoscale thermometer for non-destructive measurement of cells.

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34

Shiralizadeh Dezfuli, Amin, Elmira Kohan, Sepand Tehrani Fateh, Neda Alimirzaei, Hamidreza Arzaghi, and Michael R. Hamblin. "Organic dots (O-dots) for theranostic applications: preparation and surface engineering." RSC Advances 11, no. 4 (2021): 2253–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra08041a.

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Organic dots is a term used to represent materials including graphene quantum dots and carbon quantum dots because they rely on the presence of other atoms (O, H, and N) for their photoluminescence or fluorescence properties. Cargo delivery, bio-imaging, photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy are major biomedical applications of organic dots.

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35

Liu, Yanhong, Dongxu Zhang, Baodong Mao, Hui Huang, Yang Liu, Huaqiao Tan, and Zhenhui Kang. "Progress in Carbon Dots from the Perspective of Quantum Dots." Acta Chimica Sinica 78, no. 12 (2020): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.6023/a20060274.

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36

Yang, Jiliang, Zijiao Guo, and Xiantian Yue. "Preparation of carbon quantum dots from corn straw and their application in Cu2+ detection." BioResources 17, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 604–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.1.604-615.

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Water-soluble carbon quantum dots were hydrothermally produced using corn straw as the starting material and nitric acid solution as solvent, then they were introduced as fluorescent probes for the detection of Cu2+. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that the carbon quantum dots were spherical amorphous particles with a diameter of 5 nm. The surface functional groups of carbon quantum dots were observed via Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A new approach for Cu2+ detection was designed using carbon quantum dots based on fluorescence quenching. Linear relationships between the fluorescence variation and the Cu2+ level (1 mg·L-1 to 20 mg·L-1 and 20 mg·L-1 to 500 mg·L-1) were obtained, with coefficients of determination of 0.9960 and 0.9923, respectively. The Cu2+ detection limit was 4.26 mg·L-1. The probable quenching principle between Cu2+ and the carbon quantum dots was attributed to charge transfer.

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37

Kande, Bhupendra, and Prachi Parmar. "Carbon Quantum Dot and Application: A Review." Spectrum of Emerging Sciences 2, no. 1 (April 22, 2022): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.55878/ses2022-2-1-3.

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Non-toxic, fluorescent carbon nanoparticles or carbon quantum dots or carbon dots, a brand new category of carbon material, had high interest due to its optical and fluorescence properties with advantages of eco-friendly, low coast and simple way of synthesis. Their physical – chemical properties also depend to on functionalization and surface passivation. From the discovery of non – toxic caron nano materials, CQDs had numerous applications in different areas like sensing, biological sensing, vivo and vitro imaging, nano drug, drug carrier, drug delivery, energy, food industry, agriculture, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis etc. Here, we described here, the methods of synthesis and functionalization of carbon quantum dots, properties and applications with future prospects.

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38

Dua, Shweta, Pawan Kumar, Balaram Pani, Amarjeet Kaur, Manoj Khanna, and Geeta Bhatt. "Stability of carbon quantum dots: a critical review." RSC Advances 13, no. 20 (2023): 13845–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra07180k.

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Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are fluorescent carbon nanomaterials with unique optical and structural properties. The detailed stability analysis of CQDs is very much needed for their commercial applications.

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39

Dimos, Konstantinos. "Carbon Quantum Dots: Surface Passivation and Functionalization." Current Organic Chemistry 20, no. 6 (February 1, 2016): 682–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272819666150730220948.

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40

HE, Ping, Fanglong YUAN, Zifei WANG, Zhanao TAN, and Louzhen FAN. "Growing Carbon Quantum Dots for Optoelectronic Devices." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 34, no. 11 (2018): 1250–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb201804041.

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41

Wiśniewski, Marek, Katarzyna Roszek, Joanna Czarnecka, and Paulina Bolibok. "Carbon Quantum Dots as Potential Drug Carriers." Engineering and Protection of Environment 19, no. 2 (April 2016): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17512/ios.2016.2.10.

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42

Rocha, C. G., T. G. Dargam, R. B. Muniz, and A. Latgé. "Electronic states in carbon nanotube quantum-dots." Brazilian Journal of Physics 32, no. 2a (June 2002): 424–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-97332002000200051.

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43

Cuadra Aparicio, Jorge Alberto, Hamilton Ponce, and Carlos Rudamas. "Interlayer transition in graphene carbon quantum dots." MRS Advances 5, no. 63 (2020): 3345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.410.

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AbstractGraphene Carbon Quantum Dots (GCQDs) are multi-layered carbon nanostructures that have attracted considerable attention due to its unique properties. Many technological applications, such as batteries, biological imaging, capacitors, solar cells, light emitting diodes, among others, could benefit from the low toxicity and the chemical and physical stability of these nanostructures. Despite much research, many optical properties, such as absorption and photoluminescence, of GCQDs are not completely understood yet. GCQD absorption spectra show a number of different bands whose origin is still on discussion. Many interpretations are made considering a single graphene layer. In this work, GCQD samples synthesized by the pyrolysis of citric acid was characterized by absorption spectroscopy measurements and Density Functional Theory simulations considering multi-layered structures. Density of States and electronic response functions calculations were also performed. From the results of these calculations, the absorption band associated to a π-π* (CC) transition could be also associated to a transition between different graphene layers.

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王, 玉栋. "The Preparation of Magnetic Carbon Quantum Dots." Hans Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 06, no. 02 (2018): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjmce.2018.62003.

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叶, 明富. "Synthesis and Applications of Carbon Quantum Dots." Journal of Advances in Physical Chemistry 06, no. 03 (2017): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/japc.2017.63016.

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Anilkumar, Parambath, Xin Wang, Li Cao, Sushant Sahu, Jia-Hui Liu, Ping Wang, Katerina Korch, Kenneth N. Tackett II, Alexander Parenzan, and Ya-Ping Sun. "Toward quantitatively fluorescent carbon-based “quantum” dots." Nanoscale 3, no. 5 (2011): 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0nr00962h.

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Koller, Sonja, Leonhard Mayrhofer, and Milena Grifoni. "Spin transport across carbon nanotube quantum dots." New Journal of Physics 9, no. 9 (September 28, 2007): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/9/9/348.

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Biercuk, M. J., S. Garaj, N. Mason, J. M. Chow, and C. M. Marcus. "Gate-Defined Quantum Dots on Carbon Nanotubes." Nano Letters 5, no. 7 (July 2005): 1267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl050364v.

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Gong, Yan, and Jie Zhao. "Small Carbon Quantum Dots, Large Photosynthesis Enhancement." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 66, no. 35 (August 24, 2018): 9159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01788.

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Shchipunov, Yu A., O. N. Khlebnikov, and V. E. Silant’ev. "Carbon quantum dots hydrothermally synthesized from chitin." Polymer Science Series B 57, no. 1 (January 2015): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1560090415010121.

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