Academic literature on the topic 'Carbon ring seals'
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Journal articles on the topic "Carbon ring seals"
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Iskandar, Norman, and Ardha Ridho Pangeran. "ANALISIS KERUSAKAN DAN PERBAIKAN OIL PUMP STEAM TURBINE 32-K-101-P1-T DALAM PLATFORMING UNIT-NAPHTA PROCESSING UNIT (NPU)." ROTASI 18, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/rotasi.18.2.44-50.
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Oil pump steam turbine (OPST) adalah sebuah turbin uap jenis impuls yang digerakan oleh medium pressure steam (MPS) dengan tekanan 15–21 kg/cm2G dan temperatur kerja 250–370 oC. Uap ekstrasi dari turbin uap adalah low pressure steam (LPS) dengan tekanan 3.8–6.3 kg/ cm2G. Dalam proses perawatannya, OPST diinspeksi setiap 2 minggu sekali dengan melihat kondisi oli, trending getaran, dan putaran poros turbin. Pada saat operasi OPST mengalami kenaikan vibrasi yang melebihi batas toleransi (vs 2.82 mm/s) dan keruhnya oli pelumasan OPST. Dalam hal ini dilakukan sebuah penelitian guna mengetahui indikasi kerusakan OPST dan analisis perbaikan yang tepat guna mengembalikan performa dari OPST. Dalam mengidentifikasi kerusakan tersebut metode yang dilakukan adalah analisis trending spektrum menggunakan software omnitrend yang nilainya akan dibandingkan dengan hasil perhitungan bearing. Analisis tersebut menghasilkan bahwa terjadi vibrasi 1X RPM dikarenakan kerusakan pada ball bearing yang diakibatkan oleh pelumas bearing yang sudah keruh karena tercampur air. Untuk mengetahui masuknya air ke dalam oil chamber dilakukan dua cara yaitu percobaan hydrotest dan pengukuran clearances carbon ring seals. Setelah dilakukan dua percobaan tersebut didapatkan hasil penyebab masuknya air ke oil chamber karena overclearances pada carbon ring seals (vs 0.120-0.145 mm). Masalah yang terjadi ini mengakibatkan uap masuk ke penampungan oli sehingga pelumasan pada bearing tidak berjalan dengan baik sehingga terjadi kerusakan pada bearing. Setelah teridentifikasi kerusakannya, dilakukan pergantian komponen bearing inboard dan bearing outboard serta laping split face pada carbon ring seals. Setelah mengalami perbaikan vibrasi pada OPST kembali normal dari 3.72 mm/s menjadi 0.93 mm/s.
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Zhang, Miaotian, Decai Li, Shuangfu Suo, and Jianwen Shi. "Piston Rod Coating Material Study of Reciprocating Sealing Experiment Based on Sterling Seal." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041370.
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Sterling seal is a commonly used reciprocating seal, in which the PTFE ring of the seal and the surface material of the piston rod play an important role in the reciprocating sealing process. In this paper, a reciprocating sealing test bench was built, four sets of carbon fiber PTFE sealing rings were used to perform reciprocating sealing bench experiments with Cr-coated piston rods and DLC-coated piston rods. After the experiment, the used four sets of seals were taken as experimental samples, and a new, unused carbon fiber PTFE seal was taken as a reference sample. The surface topography, surface wear, and wear surface elements of the test specimens were measured by three-dimensional white light interference surface topography instrument, field emission environment scanning electron microscope, and field emission scanning electron microscope. Through experimental determination, it is found that the coating material is detached to form abrasive grains, which causes the surface of the sealing ring to wear. This paper also proposes optimization suggestions for the processing method of the sealing ring and the selection of the material of the piston rod coating.
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Sujuan, Ye, Yu Quan, Li Kunquan, Tan Feng, Fan Qing, Tan Guibin, and Huang Xing. "The Tribological and Sealing Properties of PFA Composites." International Journal of Polymer Science 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2302407.
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The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and perfluoroalkoxyperfluoropropyl vinyl ether (PFA) composites were prepared using carbon fiber (CF) and glass fiber (GF) as fillers. The effects of these fillers on the tribological and sealing properties were investigated. The tribological and sealing properties of the composites were evaluated by a wear tester and a seal test rig. Results showed that the incorporation of CF and GF both improved the wear resistance with composites, approaching wear rates as low as 10−6 mm3/N·m and lowered the seal’s leakage of the PTFE/PFA composites. As described here, CF was more effective than GF in improving the wear rate. Notably, the wear rate of the PFA/CF composite is much less than that of the PTFE composites as the transfer film on the couple ring is much more unique, thick, smooth, and compact. The leakage of carbon fiber-filled PFA composite seal was lowered to 66% less than the traditional PTFE composite seals, which indicates better sealing properties.
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Hilbert, Lawrence B., and Jorgen Bergstrom. "Evaluating Pressure Integrity of Polymer Ring Seals for Threaded Connections in HP/HT Wells and Expandable Casing." SPE Journal 13, no. 01 (March 1, 2008): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/87214-pa.
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Summary This paper presents new technology for evaluating high-pressure gas-seal integrity of polymer ring seals used as secondary or backup pressure seals in casing and tubing threaded connections. This new technology may also enable the further consideration of API connections with ring seals, as an alternative to premium connections, for appropriate applications. A nonlinear elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model for the behavior of polymers and elastomers has been developed and extended to the specific application of analysis of casing and tubing connections with fiberglass-filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ring seals. Procedures for modeling makeup of a connection including a fiberglass-filled PTFE ring seal have been developed using a finite-element model (FEM) of 10¾-in. OD, 45.5 lb/ft, P-110 API buttress thread casing-seal ring groove (BTC-SRG). The results of finite-element analysis (FEA) of makeup, followed by the application of thermal, axial, and internal pressure loads are presented in this paper. In addition, based on the interest in the development of gas-tight threaded connections for expandable casing, the FEM was subjected to a radial expansion of a 20% increase in the outside diameter. In this paper, the theory of the constitutive model is summarized and calibration of the model with experimental test and published data are presented. The focus of the FEA results is on the contact pressures between the ring seal, coupling groove, and pin threads. Historical Perspective FEA of threaded connections has been used for overcoming challenging well-design problems for many years (Crose et al. 1976). FEA has become an important part of the validation and service evaluation process of API and proprietary casing and tubing threaded connection designs, along with the physical testing procedures documented in API RP 5C5 (1996) and ISO 13679: 2002 (2002). Major advances have been achieved in design of premium connections through analysis of metal-to-metal seal contact stresses computed from FEM (Hilbert and Kalil 1992). Analysis and verification of the performance of threaded connections that include polymeric or elastomeric ring seals has been limited to full-scale physical testing (Payne 1988). Until now, only costly full-scale gas pressure tests have been used to evaluate ring seal integrity. Ring-seal design has been a trial and error process, with new ring-seal or pin and coupling dimensions prescribed only after failure of the seal in a proof test. In some cases, ring design or the effects of ring dimensions have been based on analytical calculations, relying on the bulk modulus of the material. When more advanced design tools, such as FEA, have been used, the pressure generated by entrapment of the ring seal has been estimated and then these pressures have been applied to the groove and pin thread surfaces to simulate the effect of the actual ring seal. The developments in the paper were motivated by a need to reduce the cost of connection qualification by reducing the number of tests and to improve the process of ring-seal design. Properties of PTFE PTFE is a thermoplastic fluorocarbon derived from the monomer tetrafluoroethylene (TFE). PTFE is a semi-crystalline polymer composed of crystalline and amorphous regions. Its molecular structure, shown in Fig. 1, consists of long chains of carbon atoms symmetrically surrounded by fluorine atoms. This structure imbues PTFE with unique mechanical and chemical properties. The straight "backbone" of carbon atoms provides PTFE with a high degree of chemical inertness, stability, and one of the lowest coefficients of friction of any commonly used material. PTFE is more commonly known by the trade name Teflon. In a moment of pure serendipity, in 1938 Roy Plunckett of DuPont discovered TFE when he was conducting experiments to develop nonflammable, nontoxic, colorless, and odorless refrigerants (Ebnesajjad 2000).
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Déprez, Pascal, Philippe Hivart, Jean François Coutouly, and Etienne Debarre. "Friction and Wear Studies Using Taguchi Method: Application to the Characterization of Carbon-Silicon Carbide Tribological Couples of Automotive Water Pump Seals." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/830476.
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An experimental design based on the Taguchi method has been applied to optimize the use of a dynamic sealing element of water pump of automotives combustion engines. A carbon primary ring and a silicon carbide mating ring set up this dynamic sealing element. The aim of this work was to experimentally determine the crossed influence of the primary ring variant, the normal load, the surrounding, the mating ring finishing, and the rotational frequency on the dynamic friction coefficient and on the wear of carbon primary ring-silicon carbide mating ring tribological couples. The coefficient of dynamic friction and the wear depend on the design factors. They are also functions of the interactions between these experimental factors, from the implementation of an experimental design. The results obtained allow the optimal functioning condition to be determined and the best friction couple to be used for a given dynamic sealing application.
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Wang, Xun, Shi-Jun Wu, Zhen-Fang Fang, Can-Jun Yang, and Shuo Wang. "A Pressure-Tight Sampler with Flexible Titanium Bag for Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fluid Samples." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 37, no. 11 (November 2020): 2065–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-20-0017.1.
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AbstractThis paper details the development and application of a novel pressure-tight sampler with a metal seal capable of acquiring high-purity fluid samples from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. The sampler has a titanium diaphragm valve for sampling and a flexible titanium foil bag to store the fluid sample. Hence, all parts of the sampler in contact with the sample are made of titanium without elastomer O-ring seals to minimize the organic carbon blank of the sampler, which makes it suitable for collecting organic samples. A pressure-tight structure was specially designed to maintain the sample at in situ pressure during the recovery of the sampler. The sampler has been successfully tested in a sea trial from November 2018 to March 2019, and pressure-tight hydrothermal fluid samples have been collected.
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Huang, Chao Ping, Sheng Yen Hu, Tung Ying Li, and Yuan Kang. "An Investigation in Wear and Friction of Oil Seal for Rubbing by Flame-Sprayed Alloy and Ceramic on Lower Carbon Steel." Solid State Phenomena 319 (June 14, 2021): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.319.52.
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In this paper, the effect of sprayed coating on the surface of carbon steel on friction and abrasion properties of oil seals which are rubbed by various anti-wear coating materials on is investigated experimentally, and compared with the uncoated AISI 52100 bearing steel. We used the block vs ring tester to explore the friction coefficient of hard surface friction of 5 commonly used rubber seal to 4 different coating layers of bearing steel under oil/no oil conditions. Four coating materials are used, which are Ni-Cr-B-Si alloy, Ni-Cr-WC alloy, ceramics, and ceramics. Five varieties of the oil seal material named HNBR, NBR, FKM, ACM, and SIL are subjected to wear tests for the measurements of friction and abrasion. The experimental results show that HNBR has better wear resistance and less friction, ceramics have higher friction and wear resistance than other coatings due to higher hardness. In terms of oil seal and sprayed coating, Ni-Cr-B-Si alloy and ceramic powder are more suitable for surface wear resistance, because of its hardness and wear resistance and the degree of damage to the oil seal are more excellent. Generally, the greater the wear resistance of the oil seal material, the greater its friction with the coating.
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Rivkin, Michael, and Arnold Kholodenko. "Mechanical Seal with Elastomeric Rotating Element. Part 2: Experimental Study." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 67, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538667.
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Abstract An innovative flexible faced mechanical shaft seal using common elastomeric materials was designed and tested to determine its friction coefficient at a wide range of temperatures and speeds, its rate of heat generation, and its feasibility for use in the process industry. The new seal was constructed using an elastomeric rotating element stretched over the sleeve to at least 20 percent of its original length and an unlapped silicon carbide stationary annular ring. It was found that the main advantage of the elastomeric seal is its ability to maintain stable lubrication with a fluid film considerably thinner than that of traditional hard face seals, and consequently achieve negligible net leakage. This is particularly significant with respect to control of volatile organic carbon emissions. An experimental device was designed for precise measurement of the friction coefficient as well as the long term friction behavior of seal pairs in a wide range of liquid pressure and temperature. The original data were obtained for friction coefficient of EPDM, HNBR, FKM, and TFE/P type elastomers in contact with silicon carbide in the temperature range 15–110°C, linear speeds 0–12 m/s, water pressure 0.15–0.40 MPa, and effective contact pressure 0.8–1.2 MPa. Experiments showed that the friction coefficient constantly grows, typically from 0.05 to 0.15 at sliding speeds of 2–12 m/s, with temperature increases from 15 to 70°C. The temperature behavior of the friction coefficient above 70°C greatly depends on the elastomer. For high temperature elastomers, such as FKM, the friction coefficient may decrease slightly at 70°C; whereas, for EPDM, it continues to increase as temperature increases.
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GACEK, Jakub, Łukasz NORYMBERCZYK, and Stanisław PŁONKA. "ASSESSMENT OF THE SURFACE CONDITIONS OF GAS-LUBRICATED FACE-SEAL SEALING RINGS." Tribologia, no. 5 (October 31, 2017): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5893.
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The paper presents a study of surface condition of stationary and rotary rings of a gas-lubricated face seal before and after 25 hours of operation on a test bench, with 75 cycles of start-ups and stops of the drive. For evaluation of surface conditions, flatness deviation and a selected 2D and 3D roughness parameters were measured. Profiles of the roughness, material ratio curves, topography, and surface maps in colour before and after 25 hours of operations were presented. It has been found that wear of the end faces of the saling rings differs between sintered silicon carbide and carbon graphite. In the case of the stationary ring made of sintered silicon carbide with a hardness of 3000 HV, there is a slight increase in values of almost all (except Sp) measured 3D amplitude parameters: Sa, Sq, Sv, St. In the case of the rotary ring made of carbon graphite with hardness of about 115 HR a noticeable reduction in values of these parameters was found. Changes In 2D and 3D roughness parameters of end faces of the stationary and rotary rings allow confirming the al most contact-free character of the face seal operation.
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Ren, Jie, Shi Lin Yan, and Mei Liu. "Preparation of Foam Ni/Carbon Nanotubes Material for Enhanced Stationary Seal Ring." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.580.
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Stationary seal ring, the mainly units of mechanical seal, its anti-lacking function mostly depends on the material performances. For enhanced stationary seal ring’s thermal conductivity, self-lubrication and strength, in this paper authors prepared a kind of composite material with reticular formation that is foam Ni-carbon nano tubes (Foam Ni/CNTs) as the reinforced element for stationary seal ring’s resin matrix. The experiments using Fe-Co/CNTs as catalyst via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method prepared four groups samples with different decomposition temperature and tested by SEM and Raman spectra. The result shows that the temperature at 550°C, carbon nano tube obtained better crystallization effect and the reticular structure of foam Ni also integrity. The foam Ni/CNTs presented one kind of new reinforced phase for mechanical seal material design.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbon ring seals"
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Koutný, Filip. "Jednostupňová parní turbína." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-400496.
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This diploma thesis aims to thermodynamic calculation, carbon ring seal calculation and integrated gearbox calculation of single stage mechanicl drive steam turbine. The theoretical part of this work presents general classification of steam turbines, mechanicl drive steam turbine, types of blading and design of turbine seals. In the second part, we further discuss difference between carbon and labyrinth packing.
Books on the topic "Carbon ring seals"
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H, Dunlap Patrick, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. Development of thermal barriers for solid rocket motor nozzle joints. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.
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H, Dunlap Patrick, and NASA Glenn Research Center, eds. Development of thermal barriers for solid rocket motor nozzle joints. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Carbon ring seals"
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"Labyrinth and Carbon Ring Seal Leakage Calculations." In Compressors, 586–95. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-075067545-1/50018-3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Carbon ring seals"
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Hylla, Eike, Markus Schildhauer, Richard Büssow, Kolja Metz, and Robert Klawes. "Investigations on Transonic Flow of Super-Critical CO2 Through Carbon Ring Seals." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42486.
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This paper gives an overview of numerical and experimental investigations on super-critical CO2 flow through carbon floating ring seals (CRS). The established simulation model considers the real gas effect, temperature deformation and the shaft rotation. For validation extensive measurements of the leakage rates, pressures and temperatures at various positions within the seal were conducted on a compressor prototype. Details of the measurement setup and the test procedure are given. The experimental results are discussed. A comparison of the measured data to the model prediction shows an overall good agreement.
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Mariot, Antoine, Mihai Arghir, Pierre Hélies, and Jérôme Dehouve. "Experimental Analysis of Floating Ring Annular Seals and Comparisons With Theoretical Predictions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43332.
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Floating ring annular seals represent one of the solutions for controlling leakage in high speed rotating machinery. They are generally made of a carbon ring mounted in a steel ring for preserving their integrity. Low leakage is ensured by the small clearance of the annular space between the carbon ring and the rotor. Under normal operating conditions, the ring must be able to “float” on the rotor in order to accommodate its vibration. Impacts between the carbon ring and the rotor may occur when the annular seal is locked up against the stator and the amplitude of rotor vibrations are larger than the radial clearance. This situation is prohibited because it rapidly leads to the destruction of the carbon ring. The present work presents experimental results obtained for floating ring annular seals of 38 mm, tandem mounted in a buffer seal arrangement. The rotation speed was comprised between 50 Hz and 350 Hz and maximum pressure drop was 7 bar. For these operating conditions the floating ring follows the rotor vibrations without any impacts. Comparisons were made with a theoretical model based on the equations of motion of the floating ring driven by mass inertia forces, hydrostatic forces in the (main) annular seal and by friction forces on its radial face (also named the “nose” of the seal). The friction coefficient on the nose of the floating ring was estimated from Greenwood and Williamson’s model for mixed lubrication. The present analysis validates the theoretical model used for predicting the dynamic response of the floating ring for a given rotor motion.
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Zhang, Haitao, Ke Li, Masaei Ito, and Tony Collins. "Modeling of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Rubber Seals." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52750.
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The increasing demand for oil and gas has incited exploration and production of deeper wells that reach high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) reservoirs. One critical element that is required to this end is rubber seals that can withstand HPHT conditions while meeting the requirements of sealability and structural integrity. Novel nanocomposites that comprise of natural rubber (NR) reinforced by well dispersed, high-concentration carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were recently developed to achieve the desired performance and were experimentally shown to exhibit significantly higher storage modulus than the matrix material. Understanding of the underlying reinforcing mechanism of this class of nanocomposites subjected to large deformation, especially in the real application conditions, has been very limited. In this study, a multiscale modeling method is developed to understand the mechanical behavior of CNT-rubber seals installed in a groove and subjected to high pressure. A micromechanics model is first constructed to evaluate the effective stress-strain responses of a representative volume element under different loading conditions, including uniaxial tension, equal biaxial extension, and planar tension. The effective properties thus established are then inputted into an appropriate hyperelasticity model, which is then used to model a CNT-rubber O-ring installed and pressurized. Sealability and structural integrity are evaluated in terms of contact pressure and strain. The numerical results are compared with the available experimental data. A parametric study is then conducted to assess the effects of CNT concentrations.
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Bidkar, Rahul A., Edip Sevincer, Jifeng Wang, Azam M. Thatte, Andrew Mann, Maxwell Peter, Grant Musgrove, Timothy Allison, and Jeffrey Moore. "Low-Leakage Shaft End Seals for Utility-Scale Supercritical CO2 Turboexpanders." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56979.
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Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles could be a more efficient alternative to steam Rankine cycles for power generation from coal. In this paper, the end seal layout for a nominally 500 MWe sCO2 turbine is presented and the shaft end sealing requirements for such utility-scale sCO2 turbines are discussed. Shaft end leakage from a closed-loop sCO2 cycle and the associated recompression load can result in net cycle efficiency loss of about 0.55% points to 0.65% points for a nominally 500 MWe sCO2 power cycle plant. Low-leakage hydrodynamic face seals are capable of reducing this leakage loss (and net cycle efficiency loss), and are considered a key enabling component technology for achieving 50–52% or greater thermodynamic cycle efficiencies with indirect coal-fired sCO2 power cycles. In this paper, a hydrodynamic face seal concept is presented for end seals on utility-scale sCO2 turbines. A 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with real gas CO2 properties is developed for studying the physics of the thin fluid film separating the seal stationary ring and the rotor. The results of the 3D CFD model are also compared with the predictions of a Reynolds-equation-based solver. The 3D CFD model results show large viscous shear and the associated windage heating challenge in sCO2 face seals. Following the CFD model, an axisymmetric finite-element analysis (FEA) model is developed for parametric optimization of the face seal cross-section with the goal of minimizing the coning of the stationary ring. A preliminary thermal analysis of the seal is also presented. The fluid, structural and thermal results show that large-diameter (about 24 inch) face seals with small coning or out-of-plane deformations (of the order of 0.0005 inch) are possible. The fluid, structural and thermal results are used to highlight the design challenges in developing large-diameter and high-differential-pressure face seals for the operating conditions of utility-scale sCO2 turbines.
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Yuan, Tao, Zhigang Li, Jun Li, and Qi Yuan. "Design and Analysis of Cooling Structure for Dry Gas Seal Chamber of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Turbine Shaft End." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59177.
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Abstract Dry gas seal is a kind of non-contact mechanical seal that offers lower leakage and longer operating life comparing to conventional seals. Due to its low leakage rate, a dry gas seal is used to control the leakage flow through the clearance between the stationary and rotational components of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SCO2) turbomachinery, especially at the shaft end of the SCO2 compressor and turbine. However, the high inlet temperature of the SCO2 turbine makes the SCO2 dry gas seal face a severe operation condition. The chamber temperature, cooling effects, and the deformation of the rotating ring of a newly designed external flush structure are numerically investigated using the fluid-thermal-solid coupling approach in this paper. Within the same cooling flow rate, the current study analyzed the effect of six external flush cooling arrangements on these parameters. The obtained results demonstrate that the designed tangential admission cooling structure has the best cooling performance which can decrease the temperature by 400K in the film region and 440K in the chamber region. In addition, the deformation of the rotating ring decreases by 50% under this cooling structure by comparing the no cooling design. The present work provides the reference for the chamber cooling structure design of the SCO2 dry gas seal.
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Cho, Junhyun, Hyungki Shin, Jongjae Cho, Ho-Sang Ra, Chulwoo Roh, Beomjoon Lee, Gilbong Lee, Bongsu Choi, and Young-Jin Baik. "Development and Operation of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle Test Loop With Axial Turbo-Generator." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76488.
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In order to overcome reported failure problems of turbomachinery for the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle induced by the high rotational speed and axial force, an axial impulse-type turbo-generator with a partial admission nozzle was designed and manufactured to reduce the rotational speed and axial force. The turbine wheel part was separated by carbon ring-type mechanical seals to use conventional oillubricated tilting-pad bearings. A simple transcritical cycle using a liquid CO2 pump was constructed to drive the turbogenerator. A 600,000 kcal/h LNG fired thermal oil boiler and 200 RT chiller were used as a heat source and heat sink. The target turbine inlet temperature and pressure were 200°C and 130 bar, respectively. Two printed circuit heat exchangers were manufactured for both sides of the heater and cooler. A leakage make-up system using a reciprocating CO2 compressor; CO2 supply valve-train to the main loop and mechanical seal; and an oil cooler for the bearings, load bank, and control systems were installed. Prior to the turbine power-generating operation, a turbine bypass loop was operated using an air-driven control valve to determine the system mass flow rate and create turbine inlet conditions. Then, 11 kW of electric power was obtained under 205°C and 100 bar turbine inlet conditions, and the continuous operating time was 45 min.
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Arghir, Mihai, and Samia Dahite. "Numerical Analysis of Lift Generation in a Radial Segmented Gas Seal." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90492.
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Abstract A radial segmented seal is composed of three or six carbon segments that are assembled by a circumferential (garter) spring that presses them against the rotor. Assembled, they take the form of an annular ring. Each segment has several pads that generate a radial lift force depending on the rotor speed. There are many ways of creating effective lift forces. For example, a pocket on the pad creates a lift force because each pad will act as a Rayleigh step bearing. A groove on the rotating shaft will also create a radial lift force on the pad. However, this latter lift force will be unsteady. The aim of the present work is the numerical study of the lift created by a grooved rotor on a pad. Due to the very small operating radial clearances of radial segmented seals (less than 10 μm), the problem can be simplified by analyzing a single pad and a grooved runner. Previous analysis of gas face seals or thrust bearings always considered grooved pads and a smooth runner, even when the runner was grooved. The peculiarity of this study, which is the first of its kind, is considering the unsteady problem of the moving runner grooves. The analysis was performed for a single pad of a radial segmented seal operating with air.
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Golebiowski, Mateusz, Rainer Nordmann, and Eric Knopf. "Rotordynamic Investigation of Spiral Vibrations: Thermal Mode Equation Development and Implementation to Combined-Cycle Power Train." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25430.
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Rotation of vibration vector caused by thermally induced unbalance changes is a frequently observed phenomenon in large rotating machinery. The heat arising from the friction losses, which are generated at the interfaces between rotating and statoric components of the machine, is partly absorbed by the shaft. This heat input is typically not uniform around the shaft circumference and the resulting temperature difference causes the rotor to bow. The excitation resulting from the sum of mechanical unbalance and thermal bow will lead to a slowly rotating (in the synchronously rotating coordinates system) whirl vector, whose magnitude can decrease or increase in time. A generic understanding of this effect (B.L. Newkirk in 1926, [4]) had been followed by a number of physical models representing specific heat exchange mechanisms (W. Kellenberger [3], J. Schmied [6], P. Morton [11]). A hot spot on the shaft surface can be generated at various locations of a shaft-line. Typical components responsible for thermally induced modulation of vibration vector are journal bearings, seal rings, labyrinth seals (in case of a soft rubbing). Furthermore carbon brushes sliding on the slip ring, supplying the DC current to the field winding of the generator rotor, were identified as a source of nonuniform heat input that may excite spiral vibrations (L. Eckert and J. Schmied in [7], [8]). These local heat input phenomena affect consequently the vibration behavior of the overall shaft train. This paper provides a new approach to the quantitative description of a heat exchange mechanism which leads to the hot spot generation on the surface of a slip ring. A new thermal equation has been formulated, which determines the stability and frequency of the thermal mode. Characteristics of spiral vibration are discussed based on the analytical solution of the Jeffcott rotor model coupled with the proposed thermo-elastic equation. The implementation of the described method to a full shaft-line model of a combined cycle, single shaft power train was done using the Finite Element Method. The results of this calculation were validated against measurement data. The paper shows how the applied computational approach can be used to extend stability margin of the spiral vibration in turbo-generator shaft trains.
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Boyd, Gary L., Fred Fuller, and Jack Moy. "Hybrid-Ceramic Circumferential Carbon Ring Seal." In World Aviation Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-2956.
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Outirba, Bilal, and Patrick Hendrick. "Experimental Testing of Carbon Brush Seals for Aero Engines Bearing Chambers." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25684.
Full textAbstract:
This paper provides the first step in sizing carbon brush seals for aero-engine oil bearing chambers applications. Recent developments in the aeronautic domain focus strongly on the reduction of aero-engine specific oil consumption. For instance, optimizing the civil aircraft gas turbine engine lubrication oil system is considered as one of the main targets in this research. Specifically, brush seals have shown tremendous leakage performance in sealing secondary flows compared to classic labyrinth seals over the last few decades. Therefore, an attractive idea is to extent their utilization to oil bearing chamber applications. To perform the experimental part of the study, a test rig has recently been built at ULB. This test rig will be described in this paper. A parametrical study has been performed in stationary conditions, and at very low rotation speed. A particular attention was given to the air consumption and the torque friction losses. Finally, a test simulating the effects of a rotor excursion on the brush seal performance has been made.