Journal articles: 'Carbon ring seals'

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Iskandar, Norman, and Ardha Ridho Pangeran. "ANALISIS KERUSAKAN DAN PERBAIKAN OIL PUMP STEAM TURBINE 32-K-101-P1-T DALAM PLATFORMING UNIT-NAPHTA PROCESSING UNIT (NPU)." ROTASI 18, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/rotasi.18.2.44-50.

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Oil pump steam turbine (OPST) adalah sebuah turbin uap jenis impuls yang digerakan oleh medium pressure steam (MPS) dengan tekanan 15–21 kg/cm2G dan temperatur kerja 250–370 oC. Uap ekstrasi dari turbin uap adalah low pressure steam (LPS) dengan tekanan 3.8–6.3 kg/ cm2G. Dalam proses perawatannya, OPST diinspeksi setiap 2 minggu sekali dengan melihat kondisi oli, trending getaran, dan putaran poros turbin. Pada saat operasi OPST mengalami kenaikan vibrasi yang melebihi batas toleransi (vs 2.82 mm/s) dan keruhnya oli pelumasan OPST. Dalam hal ini dilakukan sebuah penelitian guna mengetahui indikasi kerusakan OPST dan analisis perbaikan yang tepat guna mengembalikan performa dari OPST. Dalam mengidentifikasi kerusakan tersebut metode yang dilakukan adalah analisis trending spektrum menggunakan software omnitrend yang nilainya akan dibandingkan dengan hasil perhitungan bearing. Analisis tersebut menghasilkan bahwa terjadi vibrasi 1X RPM dikarenakan kerusakan pada ball bearing yang diakibatkan oleh pelumas bearing yang sudah keruh karena tercampur air. Untuk mengetahui masuknya air ke dalam oil chamber dilakukan dua cara yaitu percobaan hydrotest dan pengukuran clearances carbon ring seals. Setelah dilakukan dua percobaan tersebut didapatkan hasil penyebab masuknya air ke oil chamber karena overclearances pada carbon ring seals (vs 0.120-0.145 mm). Masalah yang terjadi ini mengakibatkan uap masuk ke penampungan oli sehingga pelumasan pada bearing tidak berjalan dengan baik sehingga terjadi kerusakan pada bearing. Setelah teridentifikasi kerusakannya, dilakukan pergantian komponen bearing inboard dan bearing outboard serta laping split face pada carbon ring seals. Setelah mengalami perbaikan vibrasi pada OPST kembali normal dari 3.72 mm/s menjadi 0.93 mm/s.

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Zhang, Miaotian, Decai Li, Shuangfu Suo, and Jianwen Shi. "Piston Rod Coating Material Study of Reciprocating Sealing Experiment Based on Sterling Seal." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041370.

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Sterling seal is a commonly used reciprocating seal, in which the PTFE ring of the seal and the surface material of the piston rod play an important role in the reciprocating sealing process. In this paper, a reciprocating sealing test bench was built, four sets of carbon fiber PTFE sealing rings were used to perform reciprocating sealing bench experiments with Cr-coated piston rods and DLC-coated piston rods. After the experiment, the used four sets of seals were taken as experimental samples, and a new, unused carbon fiber PTFE seal was taken as a reference sample. The surface topography, surface wear, and wear surface elements of the test specimens were measured by three-dimensional white light interference surface topography instrument, field emission environment scanning electron microscope, and field emission scanning electron microscope. Through experimental determination, it is found that the coating material is detached to form abrasive grains, which causes the surface of the sealing ring to wear. This paper also proposes optimization suggestions for the processing method of the sealing ring and the selection of the material of the piston rod coating.

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Sujuan, Ye, Yu Quan, Li Kunquan, Tan Feng, Fan Qing, Tan Guibin, and Huang Xing. "The Tribological and Sealing Properties of PFA Composites." International Journal of Polymer Science 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2302407.

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The polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and perfluoroalkoxyperfluoropropyl vinyl ether (PFA) composites were prepared using carbon fiber (CF) and glass fiber (GF) as fillers. The effects of these fillers on the tribological and sealing properties were investigated. The tribological and sealing properties of the composites were evaluated by a wear tester and a seal test rig. Results showed that the incorporation of CF and GF both improved the wear resistance with composites, approaching wear rates as low as 10−6 mm3/N·m and lowered the seal’s leakage of the PTFE/PFA composites. As described here, CF was more effective than GF in improving the wear rate. Notably, the wear rate of the PFA/CF composite is much less than that of the PTFE composites as the transfer film on the couple ring is much more unique, thick, smooth, and compact. The leakage of carbon fiber-filled PFA composite seal was lowered to 66% less than the traditional PTFE composite seals, which indicates better sealing properties.

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Hilbert, Lawrence B., and Jorgen Bergstrom. "Evaluating Pressure Integrity of Polymer Ring Seals for Threaded Connections in HP/HT Wells and Expandable Casing." SPE Journal 13, no. 01 (March 1, 2008): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/87214-pa.

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Summary This paper presents new technology for evaluating high-pressure gas-seal integrity of polymer ring seals used as secondary or backup pressure seals in casing and tubing threaded connections. This new technology may also enable the further consideration of API connections with ring seals, as an alternative to premium connections, for appropriate applications. A nonlinear elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model for the behavior of polymers and elastomers has been developed and extended to the specific application of analysis of casing and tubing connections with fiberglass-filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ring seals. Procedures for modeling makeup of a connection including a fiberglass-filled PTFE ring seal have been developed using a finite-element model (FEM) of 10¾-in. OD, 45.5 lb/ft, P-110 API buttress thread casing-seal ring groove (BTC-SRG). The results of finite-element analysis (FEA) of makeup, followed by the application of thermal, axial, and internal pressure loads are presented in this paper. In addition, based on the interest in the development of gas-tight threaded connections for expandable casing, the FEM was subjected to a radial expansion of a 20% increase in the outside diameter. In this paper, the theory of the constitutive model is summarized and calibration of the model with experimental test and published data are presented. The focus of the FEA results is on the contact pressures between the ring seal, coupling groove, and pin threads. Historical Perspective FEA of threaded connections has been used for overcoming challenging well-design problems for many years (Crose et al. 1976). FEA has become an important part of the validation and service evaluation process of API and proprietary casing and tubing threaded connection designs, along with the physical testing procedures documented in API RP 5C5 (1996) and ISO 13679: 2002 (2002). Major advances have been achieved in design of premium connections through analysis of metal-to-metal seal contact stresses computed from FEM (Hilbert and Kalil 1992). Analysis and verification of the performance of threaded connections that include polymeric or elastomeric ring seals has been limited to full-scale physical testing (Payne 1988). Until now, only costly full-scale gas pressure tests have been used to evaluate ring seal integrity. Ring-seal design has been a trial and error process, with new ring-seal or pin and coupling dimensions prescribed only after failure of the seal in a proof test. In some cases, ring design or the effects of ring dimensions have been based on analytical calculations, relying on the bulk modulus of the material. When more advanced design tools, such as FEA, have been used, the pressure generated by entrapment of the ring seal has been estimated and then these pressures have been applied to the groove and pin thread surfaces to simulate the effect of the actual ring seal. The developments in the paper were motivated by a need to reduce the cost of connection qualification by reducing the number of tests and to improve the process of ring-seal design. Properties of PTFE PTFE is a thermoplastic fluorocarbon derived from the monomer tetrafluoroethylene (TFE). PTFE is a semi-crystalline polymer composed of crystalline and amorphous regions. Its molecular structure, shown in Fig. 1, consists of long chains of carbon atoms symmetrically surrounded by fluorine atoms. This structure imbues PTFE with unique mechanical and chemical properties. The straight "backbone" of carbon atoms provides PTFE with a high degree of chemical inertness, stability, and one of the lowest coefficients of friction of any commonly used material. PTFE is more commonly known by the trade name Teflon. In a moment of pure serendipity, in 1938 Roy Plunckett of DuPont discovered TFE when he was conducting experiments to develop nonflammable, nontoxic, colorless, and odorless refrigerants (Ebnesajjad 2000).

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Déprez, Pascal, Philippe Hivart, Jean François Coutouly, and Etienne Debarre. "Friction and Wear Studies Using Taguchi Method: Application to the Characterization of Carbon-Silicon Carbide Tribological Couples of Automotive Water Pump Seals." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/830476.

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An experimental design based on the Taguchi method has been applied to optimize the use of a dynamic sealing element of water pump of automotives combustion engines. A carbon primary ring and a silicon carbide mating ring set up this dynamic sealing element. The aim of this work was to experimentally determine the crossed influence of the primary ring variant, the normal load, the surrounding, the mating ring finishing, and the rotational frequency on the dynamic friction coefficient and on the wear of carbon primary ring-silicon carbide mating ring tribological couples. The coefficient of dynamic friction and the wear depend on the design factors. They are also functions of the interactions between these experimental factors, from the implementation of an experimental design. The results obtained allow the optimal functioning condition to be determined and the best friction couple to be used for a given dynamic sealing application.

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Wang, Xun, Shi-Jun Wu, Zhen-Fang Fang, Can-Jun Yang, and Shuo Wang. "A Pressure-Tight Sampler with Flexible Titanium Bag for Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Fluid Samples." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 37, no. 11 (November 2020): 2065–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-20-0017.1.

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AbstractThis paper details the development and application of a novel pressure-tight sampler with a metal seal capable of acquiring high-purity fluid samples from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. The sampler has a titanium diaphragm valve for sampling and a flexible titanium foil bag to store the fluid sample. Hence, all parts of the sampler in contact with the sample are made of titanium without elastomer O-ring seals to minimize the organic carbon blank of the sampler, which makes it suitable for collecting organic samples. A pressure-tight structure was specially designed to maintain the sample at in situ pressure during the recovery of the sampler. The sampler has been successfully tested in a sea trial from November 2018 to March 2019, and pressure-tight hydrothermal fluid samples have been collected.

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Huang, Chao Ping, Sheng Yen Hu, Tung Ying Li, and Yuan Kang. "An Investigation in Wear and Friction of Oil Seal for Rubbing by Flame-Sprayed Alloy and Ceramic on Lower Carbon Steel." Solid State Phenomena 319 (June 14, 2021): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.319.52.

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In this paper, the effect of sprayed coating on the surface of carbon steel on friction and abrasion properties of oil seals which are rubbed by various anti-wear coating materials on is investigated experimentally, and compared with the uncoated AISI 52100 bearing steel. We used the block vs ring tester to explore the friction coefficient of hard surface friction of 5 commonly used rubber seal to 4 different coating layers of bearing steel under oil/no oil conditions. Four coating materials are used, which are Ni-Cr-B-Si alloy, Ni-Cr-WC alloy, ceramics, and ceramics. Five varieties of the oil seal material named HNBR, NBR, FKM, ACM, and SIL are subjected to wear tests for the measurements of friction and abrasion. The experimental results show that HNBR has better wear resistance and less friction, ceramics have higher friction and wear resistance than other coatings due to higher hardness. In terms of oil seal and sprayed coating, Ni-Cr-B-Si alloy and ceramic powder are more suitable for surface wear resistance, because of its hardness and wear resistance and the degree of damage to the oil seal are more excellent. Generally, the greater the wear resistance of the oil seal material, the greater its friction with the coating.

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Rivkin, Michael, and Arnold Kholodenko. "Mechanical Seal with Elastomeric Rotating Element. Part 2: Experimental Study." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 67, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538667.

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Abstract An innovative flexible faced mechanical shaft seal using common elastomeric materials was designed and tested to determine its friction coefficient at a wide range of temperatures and speeds, its rate of heat generation, and its feasibility for use in the process industry. The new seal was constructed using an elastomeric rotating element stretched over the sleeve to at least 20 percent of its original length and an unlapped silicon carbide stationary annular ring. It was found that the main advantage of the elastomeric seal is its ability to maintain stable lubrication with a fluid film considerably thinner than that of traditional hard face seals, and consequently achieve negligible net leakage. This is particularly significant with respect to control of volatile organic carbon emissions. An experimental device was designed for precise measurement of the friction coefficient as well as the long term friction behavior of seal pairs in a wide range of liquid pressure and temperature. The original data were obtained for friction coefficient of EPDM, HNBR, FKM, and TFE/P type elastomers in contact with silicon carbide in the temperature range 15–110°C, linear speeds 0–12 m/s, water pressure 0.15–0.40 MPa, and effective contact pressure 0.8–1.2 MPa. Experiments showed that the friction coefficient constantly grows, typically from 0.05 to 0.15 at sliding speeds of 2–12 m/s, with temperature increases from 15 to 70°C. The temperature behavior of the friction coefficient above 70°C greatly depends on the elastomer. For high temperature elastomers, such as FKM, the friction coefficient may decrease slightly at 70°C; whereas, for EPDM, it continues to increase as temperature increases.

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GACEK, Jakub, Łukasz NORYMBERCZYK, and Stanisław PŁONKA. "ASSESSMENT OF THE SURFACE CONDITIONS OF GAS-LUBRICATED FACE-SEAL SEALING RINGS." Tribologia, no. 5 (October 31, 2017): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5893.

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The paper presents a study of surface condition of stationary and rotary rings of a gas-lubricated face seal before and after 25 hours of operation on a test bench, with 75 cycles of start-ups and stops of the drive. For evaluation of surface conditions, flatness deviation and a selected 2D and 3D roughness parameters were measured. Profiles of the roughness, material ratio curves, topography, and surface maps in colour before and after 25 hours of operations were presented. It has been found that wear of the end faces of the saling rings differs between sintered silicon carbide and carbon graphite. In the case of the stationary ring made of sintered silicon carbide with a hardness of 3000 HV, there is a slight increase in values of almost all (except Sp) measured 3D amplitude parameters: Sa, Sq, Sv, St. In the case of the rotary ring made of carbon graphite with hardness of about 115 HR a noticeable reduction in values of these parameters was found. Changes In 2D and 3D roughness parameters of end faces of the stationary and rotary rings allow confirming the al most contact-free character of the face seal operation.

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Ren, Jie, Shi Lin Yan, and Mei Liu. "Preparation of Foam Ni/Carbon Nanotubes Material for Enhanced Stationary Seal Ring." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.580.

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Stationary seal ring, the mainly units of mechanical seal, its anti-lacking function mostly depends on the material performances. For enhanced stationary seal ring’s thermal conductivity, self-lubrication and strength, in this paper authors prepared a kind of composite material with reticular formation that is foam Ni-carbon nano tubes (Foam Ni/CNTs) as the reinforced element for stationary seal ring’s resin matrix. The experiments using Fe-Co/CNTs as catalyst via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method prepared four groups samples with different decomposition temperature and tested by SEM and Raman spectra. The result shows that the temperature at 550°C, carbon nano tube obtained better crystallization effect and the reticular structure of foam Ni also integrity. The foam Ni/CNTs presented one kind of new reinforced phase for mechanical seal material design.

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PLISZKA, Izabela, Norbert RADEK, Aneta GĄDEK-MOSZCZAK, and Peter FABIAN. "PRACTICAL USE OF THE SURFACE LAYERS OF LASER MODIFIED WC-Cu COATINGS." Tribologia 270, no. 6 (December 31, 2016): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6912.

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The article presents the study of the effect of laser treatment on the microhardness of WC-Cu coatings applied by electro spark deposition. Observations of friction resistance test results allowed the evaluation of the coatings after laser treatment. The studies were conducted using WC-Cu electrodes, produced by sintering of nanostructural powders. The anti-wear coatings were electro-spark deposited over C45 carbon steel by means of EIL-8A, while the laser processing was performed by electro coats applied using a Nd:YAG, BLS720. Model tests were carried on test mechanical seals for rings made of SiC and WC-Cu coatings before and after laser treatment.

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Liu, Ying, Xingyu Zhao, Qingfeng Wen, and Yuming Wang. "On frictional performance of sintering materials used by mechanical seals in water." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 66, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-10-2011-0075.

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Purpose – It is aiming at finding tribology performance laws and mechanism of sintering materials, including new materials, which are popular or potential materials of mechanical seals working under water condition with different working parameters, involving load and sliding speed. Design/methodology/approach – Falex-1506 tribo-machine has been used. The upper sample is rotated against the stationary sample below. They are all rings. The samples are WNV2, sintered pressureless bonded; CHV1, graphite-added PLSiC; R, sintered reaction bonded; R2, graphite-added RBSiC, cemented carbide YN6 and graphite MSMG. Twenty kinds of hard/hard and soft/hard pairs were tested under water condition. Then, SEM was used to observe the sliding surface to explain their rubbing mechanism. Findings – Friction coefficients decrease with the load increasing under water lubrication due to water holding by small holes on their surface. But the friction coefficients have no change with the varying of velocity. The hard alloy/sintered silicon carbon pairs may be better choice, where the lowest friction coefficient is only about 0.02, than soft/hard or silicon carbon/silicon carbon pairs under water lubrication, especially under heavy load. Research limitations/implications – The test was carried under load from 89 N (0.7 MPa) to 356 N (2.80 MPa) and sliding velocity from 0.746 to 5.074 m/s where the lubrication is in mixed. Originality/value – The detailed values of frictional coefficients of popular and potential sintered material of mechanical seals working under water lubrication were given by the experimental research which may be helpful for the choice of mechanical seal materials.

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Sakamoto, Ryuichi, Akira Matsuo, Shuichi Imasato, Kiyoto Murakami, Kenji Matsuda, and Motohiro Kaneta. "Effectiveness of the Carbon-dispersed Cemented Carbide on the Tribological Properties of Mechanical Seal Rings." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 53, no. 5 (2006): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.53.441.

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Volk, Herbert, Manzur Ahmed, Se Gong, Chris Boreham, Peter Tingate, Neil Sherwood, and Dianne Edwards. "Distribution of land plant markers in oils from the Gippsland Basin." APPEA Journal 51, no. 2 (2011): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj10120.

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The Gippsland Basin is commonly cited as an outstanding example of a province dominated by oil from coal, and the most likely source rock for many of the oils is the Upper Cretaceous Latrobe Formation. Gippsland Basin oils contain abundant molecular fossils (biomarkers) for land plants, but to our knowledge there are no studies showing compelling evidence on whether the oils were predominantly generated from coal seams or from carbonaceous mudstones. In addition, the Latrobe Formation occurs in a range of maturity and facies expressions, and the degree to which other source rocks in the Gippsland Basin have also generated oil remains unclear. In this contribution, we will demonstrate how the distribution of land plant markers, in particular: di-, tri- and tetracyclic diterpanes; aromatic land plant markers such as retene and cadalene; pentacyclic land plant makers such as oleanane, lupane and their A-ring contracted counterparts; as well as, bicadinanes vary within a set of 23 oils from the Gippsland Basin. The variation with other aliphatic biomarkers and carbon stable isotopes is discussed, and source rocks with different floral assemblages in the Gippsland Basin are inferred.

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Horii, F., A. Hirai, and R. Kitamaru. "CP/MAS carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy of hydrated amyloses using a magic-angle spinning rotor with an O-ring seal." Macromolecules 19, no. 3 (May 1986): 930–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00157a079.

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Bhaumik, Shankar, A. Kumaraswamy, and S. Guruprasad. "Enhancement of seal life through carbon composite back-up rings under shock loading conditions in defence applications." Defence Technology 12, no. 1 (February 2016): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2015.08.003.

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Bari, S., C. W. Yu, and T. H. Lim. "Performance deterioration and durability issues while running a diesel engine with crude palm oil." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070260340871.

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Short-term performance tests using crude palm oil (CPO) as fuel for a diesel engine showed CPO to be a suitable substitute, with a peak pressure about 5 per cent higher and an ignition delay about 3° shorter compared with diesel. Emissions of NO and CO were about 29 and 9 per cent higher respectively for CPO. However, prolonged use of CPO as fuel caused the engine performance to deteriorate. After 500 h cumulative running with CPO, the maximum power was reduced by about 20 per cent and the minimum brake specific fuel consumption (b.s.f.c.) was increased by about 26 per cent. Examination of the different parts after the engine was dismantled revealed heavy carbon deposits in the combustion chamber; traces of wear on the piston rings, the plunger and the delivery valve of the injection pump; slight scuffing of the cylinder liner; and uneven spray from the nozzles. The affected parts were installed in a new identical engine one by one to evaluate the performance of each respectively. Tests revealed that the main reason for engine performance deterioration was ‘valve sticking’, caused by carbon deposits on the valve seats and stems. This resulted in leakage during the compression and power strokes and a reduced effective compression ratio and subsequently affected the power and fuel economy. Valve sticking alone contributed about 18 and 23 per cent to the deterioration in maximum power and minimum b.s.f.c. respectively.

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18

Mariot, Antoine, Mihai Arghir, Pierre Hélies, and Jérôme Dehouve. "Experimental Analysis of Floating Ring Annular Seals and Comparisons With Theoretical Predictions." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 138, no. 4 (October 13, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4031347.

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Floating ring annular seals represent one of the solutions for controlling leakage in high-speed rotating machinery. They are generally made of a carbon ring mounted in a steel ring for preserving their integrity. Low leakage is ensured by the small clearance of the annular space between the carbon ring and the rotor. Under normal operating conditions, the ring must be able to “float” on the rotor in order to accommodate its vibration. Impacts between the carbon ring and the rotor may occur when the annular seal is locked up against the stator and the amplitude of rotor vibrations are larger than the radial clearance. This situation is prohibited because it rapidly leads to the destruction of the carbon ring. The present work presents experimental results obtained for floating ring annular seals of 38 mm, tandem mounted in a buffer seal arrangement. The rotation speed was comprised of between 50 Hz and 350 Hz, and maximum pressure drop was 7 bar. For these operating conditions, the floating ring follows the rotor vibrations without any impacts. Comparisons were made with a theoretical model based on the equations of motion of the floating ring driven by mass inertia forces, hydrostatic forces in the (main) annular seal, and by friction forces on its radial face (also named the “nose” of the seal). The friction coefficient on the nose of the floating ring was estimated from Greenwood and Williamson's model for mixed lubrication. The present analysis validates the theoretical model used for predicting the dynamic response of the floating ring for a given rotor motion.

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Bidkar, Rahul A., Edip Sevincer, Jifeng Wang, Azam M. Thatte, Andrew Mann, Maxwell Peter, Grant Musgrove, Timothy Allison, and Jeffrey Moore. "Low-Leakage Shaft-End Seals for Utility-Scale Supercritical CO2 Turboexpanders." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 139, no. 2 (September 13, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4034258.

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Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles could be a more efficient alternative to steam Rankine cycles for power generation from coal. Using existing labyrinth seal technology, shaft-end-seal leakage can result in a 0.55–0.65% points efficiency loss for a nominally 500 MWe sCO2 power cycle plant. Low-leakage hydrodynamic face seals are capable of reducing this leakage loss and are considered a key enabling component technology for achieving 50–52% thermodynamic cycle efficiencies with indirect coal-fired sCO2 power cycles. In this paper, a hydrodynamic face seal concept is presented for utility-scale sCO2 turbines. A 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model with real gas CO2 properties is developed for studying the thin-film physics. These CFD results are also compared with the predictions of a Reynolds-equation-based solver. The 3D CFD model results show large viscous shear and the associated windage heating challenge in sCO2 face seals. Following the CFD model, an axisymmetric finite-element analysis (FEA) model is developed for parametric optimization of the face seal cross section with the goal of minimizing the coning of the stationary ring. A preliminary thermal analysis of the seal is also presented. The fluid, structural, and thermal results show that large-diameter (about 24 in.) face seals with small coning (of the order of 0.0005 in.) are possible. The fluid, structural, and thermal results are used to highlight the design challenges in developing face seals for utility-scale sCO2 turbines.

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"Carbon floating ring seal series is designed for multipurpose applications." Sealing Technology 2016, no. 6 (June 2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4789(16)30169-6.

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"Mechanical seal rings are made from carbon-graphite materials." Sealing Technology 2011, no. 8 (August 2011): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4789(11)70289-6.

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Salgar-Chaparro, Silvia J., Adam Darwin, Anna H. Kaksonen, and Laura L. Machuca. "Carbon steel corrosion by bacteria from failed seal rings at an offshore facility." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1 (July 23, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69292-5.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Carbon ring seals'

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