Relevant bibliographies by topics / Carbon stock on soil

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Academic literature on the topic 'Carbon stock on soil'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Carbon stock on soil"

1

Ťupek, Boris, Carina A. Ortiz, Shoji Hashimoto, Johan Stendahl, Jonas Dahlgren, Erik Karltun, and Aleksi Lehtonen. "Underestimation of boreal soil carbon stocks by mathematical soil carbon models linked to soil nutrient status." Biogeosciences 13, no. 15 (August 10, 2016): 4439–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4439-2016.

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Abstract. Inaccurate estimate of the largest terrestrial carbon pool, soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, is the major source of uncertainty in simulating feedback of climate warming on ecosystem–atmosphere carbon dioxide exchange by process-based ecosystem and soil carbon models. Although the models need to simplify complex environmental processes of soil carbon sequestration, in a large mosaic of environments a missing key driver could lead to a modeling bias in predictions of SOC stock change.We aimed to evaluate SOC stock estimates of process-based models (Yasso07, Q, and CENTURY soil sub-model v4) against a massive Swedish forest soil inventory data set (3230 samples) organized by a recursive partitioning method into distinct soil groups with underlying SOC stock development linked to physicochemical conditions.For two-thirds of measurements all models predicted accurate SOC stock levels regardless of the detail of input data, e.g., whether they ignored or included soil properties. However, in fertile sites with high N deposition, high cation exchange capacity, or moderately increased soil water content, Yasso07 and Q models underestimated SOC stocks. In comparison to Yasso07 and Q, accounting for the site-specific soil characteristics (e. g. clay content and topsoil mineral N) by CENTURY improved SOC stock estimates for sites with high clay content, but not for sites with high N deposition.Our analysis suggested that the soils with poorly predicted SOC stocks, as characterized by the high nutrient status and well-sorted parent material, indeed have had other predominant drivers of SOC stabilization lacking in the models, presumably the mycorrhizal organic uptake and organo-mineral stabilization processes. Our results imply that the role of soil nutrient status as regulator of organic matter mineralization has to be re-evaluated, since correct SOC stocks are decisive for predicting future SOC change and soil CO2 efflux.
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Barančíková, G., J. Makovníková, R. Skalský, Z. Tarasovičová, M. Nováková, J. Halás, M. Gutteková, and Š. Koco. "Simulation of soil organic carbon changes in Slovak arable land and their environmental aspects." Soil and Water Research 7, No. 2 (May 18, 2012): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/38/2011-swr.

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One of the key goals of the Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection is to maintain and improve soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. A decline of SOC stocks is politically perceived as a serious threat to soil quality and functions. A suitable tool for acquiring the information on SOC stock changes is modelling. The RothC-26.3 model was applied for long-term modelling (1970–2007) of the SOC stock in the topsoil of croplands of Slovakia. Simulation results show a gradual increase in the SOC stock in the first phase of modelling (1970–1995) mainly due to higher carbon input in the soil. A significant linear correlation (r = 0.4**, n = 275) was found between carbon input and the final simulation of SOC stock. A close relationship between the SOC stock and soil production potential index representing the official basis for soil quality assessment in Slovakia was also determined and a polynomial relationship was found which describes the relation at the 95% confidence level. We have concluded from the results that balanced or positive changes in the SOC stock dynamics that are important for sustainable use of soils could be influenced positively or negatively in Slovakia by political decisions concerning the soil management. Moreover, the soil production potential index can be used as soil quality information support for such decision-making.
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Assad, E. D., H. S. Pinto, S. C. Martins, J. D. Groppo, P. R. Salgado, B. Evangelista, E. Vasconcellos, et al. "Changes in soil carbon stocks in Brazil due to land use: paired site comparisons and a regional pasture soil survey." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 3 (March 21, 2013): 5499–533. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-5499-2013.

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Abstract. In this paper we calculated soil carbon stocks in Brazil using 17 paired sites where soil stocks were determined in native vegetation, pastures and crop-livestock systems (CPS), and in other regional samplings encompassing more than 100 pasture soils, from 6.58° S to 31.53° S, involving three major Brazilian biomes: Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, and the Pampa. The average native vegetation soil carbon stocks at 10 and 30 cm soil depth were equal to approximately 33 and 65 Mg ha−1, respectively. In the paired sites, carbon losses of 7.5 Mg ha−1 and 11.9 Mg ha−1 in CPS systems were observed at 10 cm and 30 cm soil depth averages, respectively. In pasture soils, carbon losses were similar and equal to 8.3 Mg ha−1 and 12.2 Mg ha−1 at 10 cm and 30 cm soil depths, respectively. The average soil δ13C under native vegetation at 10 and 30 cm depth were equal to −25.4‰ and −24.0‰, increasing to −19.6 ‰ and −17.7‰ in CPS, and to −18.9‰, and −18.3‰ in pasture soils, respectively; indicating an increasing contribution of C4 carbon in these agrosystems. In the regional survey of pasture soils, the soil carbon stock at 30 cm was equal to approximately 51 Mg ha−1, with an average δ13C value of −19.6‰. Key controllers of soil carbon stock at pasture sites were sand content and mean annual temperature. Collectively, both could explain approximately half of the variance of soil carbon stocks. When pasture soil carbon stocks were compared with the average soil carbon stocks of native vegetation estimated for Brazilian biomes and soil types by Bernoux et al. (2002) there was a carbon gain of 6.7 Mg ha−1, which is equivalent to a carbon gain of 15% compared to the carbon soil stock of the native vegetation. The findings of this study are consistent with differences found between regional comparisons like our pasture sites and local paired study sites in estimating soil carbon stocks changes due to land use changes.
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Reyna-Bowen, Lizardo, Jarosław Lasota, Lenin Vera-Montenegro, Baly Vera-Montenegro, and Ewa Błońska. "Distribution and Factors Influencing Organic Carbon Stock in Mountain Soils in Babia Góra National Park, Poland." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (July 29, 2019): 3070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153070.

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The objective of this study was to determine the soil organic carbon stock (T-SOC stock) in different mountain soils in the Babia Góra National Park (BNP). Environmental factors, such as the topography, parent material, and vegetation, were examined for their effect on carbon stock. Fifty-nine study plots in different BNP locations with diverse vegetation were selected for the study. In each study plot, organic carbon stock was calculated, and its relationships with different site factors were determined. The results reveal that the SOC stocks in the mountain soils of the BNP are characterized by high variability (from 50.10 to 905.20 t ha − 1 ). The general linear model (GLM) analysis indicates that the soil type is an important factor of soil organic carbon stock. Topographical factors influence soil conditions and vegetation, which results in a diversity in carbon accumulation in different mountain soils in the BNP. The highest carbon stock was recorded in histosols (>550 t C ha − 1 ), which are located in the lower part of the BNP in the valleys and flat mountain areas.
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Assad, E. D., H. S. Pinto, S. C. Martins, J. D. Groppo, P. R. Salgado, B. Evangelista, E. Vasconcellos, et al. "Changes in soil carbon stocks in Brazil due to land use: paired site comparisons and a regional pasture soil survey." Biogeosciences 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2013): 6141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6141-2013.

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Abstract. In this paper we calculated soil carbon stocks in Brazil studying 17 paired sites where soil stocks were determined in native vegetation, pastures and crop-livestock systems (CPS), and in other regional samplings encompassing more than 100 pasture soils, from 6.58 to 31.53° S, involving three major Brazilian biomes: Cerrado, Atlantic Forest, and the Pampa. The average native vegetation soil carbon stocks at 10, 30 and 60 cm soil depth were equal to approximately 29, 64, and 92 Mg ha−1, respectively. In the paired sites, carbon losses of 7.5 Mg ha−1 and 11.6 Mg ha−1 in CPS systems were observed at 10 cm and 30 cm soil depths, respectively. In pasture soils, carbon losses were similar and equal to 7.5 Mg ha−1 and 11.0 Mg ha−1 at 10 cm and 30 cm soil depths, respectively. Differences at 60 cm soil depth were not significantly different between land uses. The average soil δ13C under native vegetation at 10 and 30 cm depth were equal to −25.4‰ and −24.0‰, increasing to −19.6‰ and −17.7‰ in CPS, and to −18.9‰, and −18.3‰ in pasture soils, respectively; indicating an increasing contribution of C4 carbon in these agrosystems. In the regional survey of pasture soils, the soil carbon stock at 30 cm was equal to approximately 51 Mg ha−1, with an average δ13C value of −19.67‰. Key controllers of soil carbon stock in pasture sites were sand content and mean annual temperature. Collectively, both could explain approximately half of the variance of soil carbon stocks. When pasture soil carbon stocks were compared with the average soil carbon stocks of native vegetation estimated for Brazilian biomes and soil types by Bernoux et al. (2002) there was a carbon gain of 6.7 Mg ha−1, which is equivalent to a carbon gain of 15% compared to the carbon soil stock of the native vegetation. The findings of this study are consistent with differences found between regional comparisons like our pasture sites and plot-level paired study sites in estimating soil carbon stocks changes due to land use changes.
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Ghanbari Motlagh, Mohadeseh, Sasan Babaie Kafaky, Asadollah Mataji, Reza Akhavan, and Behzad Amraei. "An introduction to the distribution of carbon stocks in temperate broadleaf forests of northern Iran." Journal of Forest Science 66, No. 2 (February 28, 2020): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/149/2019-jfs.

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Northern forests of Iran are among the most important plant communities in Iran due to their dynamic and diverse vegetation composition and fertile soils. There is little information about carbon stocks of these forests. In the present study, above- and belowground carbon stocks of trees, litter, herbs and soil organic carbon stock at three selected sites of these forests were calculated using random plots and non-destructive sampling. The FAO method was used for carbon estimation of trees and Walkley-Black method was used for soil carbon stock and carbon coefficient was estimated directly. The results showed that both the tree carbon stocks and soil carbon stocks increased from east to west with increasing altitude, showing significant differences. The results also indicate that these forests have a high carbon sequestration potential as a green belt across the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains, when the contribution of the aboveground section was greater than that of the belowground section (soil and roots) at all sites.
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Holmes, Karen W., Andrew Wherrett, Adrian Keating, and Daniel V. Murphy. "Meeting bulk density sampling requirements efficiently to estimate soil carbon stocks." Soil Research 49, no. 8 (2011): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr11161.

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Estimation of soil organic carbon stocks requires bulk density (BD) measurements. Variability in BD contributes to carbon stock uncertainty, in turn affecting how large a change in stock can be observed over time or space. However, BD is difficult and time-consuming to measure, and sample collection is further complicated by extremely dry field conditions, coarse-textured soils, and high coarse-fragment content, which are common in southern Australia and other semi-arid and Mediterranean-type climates. Two alternatives to reduce BD sampling effort are to take fewer BD samples at a site (i.e. volumetric rings or clod), and to use more time-efficient methods (i.e. gamma–neutron density meter, NDM). We evaluate these options in the context of a soil carbon stock survey in agricultural land in the south-west of Australia. The BD values within a monitoring site measured with conventional and NDM methods were statistically different when assessed using large sample sizes; the measurements diverged where the coarse fraction volume was >20%. However, carbon stocks were equivalent, reflecting the much larger relative variability in carbon percentage, which contributed 84–99% of the uncertainty in carbon stocks compared with <5% from BD. Given the maximum variability measured, soil carbon stock changes in southern Australia should be monitored on a decadal scale.
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Barančíková, G., J. Halás, M. Gutteková, J. Makovníková, M. Nováková, R. Skalský, and Z. Tarasovičová. "Application of RothC model to predict soil organic carbon stock on agricultural soils of Slovakia." Soil and Water Research 5, No. 1 (February 26, 2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/23/2009-swr.

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Soil organic matter (SOM) takes part in many environmental functions and, depending on the conditions, it can be a source or a sink of the greenhouse gases. Presently, the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stock can arise because of the climatic changes or changes in the land use and land management. A promising method in the estimation of SOC changes is modelling, one of the most used models for the prediction of changes in soil organic carbon stock on agricultural land being the RothC model. Because of its simplicity and availability of the input data, RothC was used for testing the efficiency to predict the development of SOC stock during 35-year period on agricultural land of Slovakia. The received data show an increase of SOC stock during the first (20 years) phase and no significant changes in the course of the second part of modelling. The increase of SOC stock in the first phase can be explained by a high carbon input of plant residues and manure and a lower temperature in comparison with the second modelling part.
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Lukina, Natalia, Anastasia Kuznetsova, Elena Tikhonova, Vadim Smirnov, Maria Danilova, Aleksey Gornov, Olga Bakhmet, et al. "Linking Forest Vegetation and Soil Carbon Stock in Northwestern Russia." Forests 11, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11090979.

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Research Highlights: It was found that both tree species and ground vegetation affected soil carbon stock in boreal forests. Carbon stocks in the mineral layers were related negatively to the C/N ratio in the organic horizon and pine proportion in the growing stock volume, and positively to the share of herbaceous plants and the proportion of spruce. Background and Objectives: Existing research showed the effects of tree species on soil carbon stocks in organic horizons, but these effects were less clear in mineral horizons. Little is known about the effects of ground vegetation on soil carbon stock. This study aims to identify associations between the forest vegetation composition and soil carbon stocks in northwestern Russia. Materials and Methods: Research data from 109 pine, spruce and birch forests of different Cajander’s and Sukachev’s types with different functional compositions of ground vegetation at autonomous positions are discussed in this paper. The V-test was used to assess the impact of vegetation on soil carbon stocks. Results: Variations in Carbon stocks in the mineral layers were associated with the soil types and vegetation composition. Carbic Albic Podzols accumulated the least amount of carbon in the mineral profile. Carbon stock in the mineral layers in pine forests was considerably lower than in spruce and birch forests. Spruce forests with the highest share of herbaceous plants were characterised by the highest carbon stocks in the mineral layers, while pine forests with dwarf shrubs and green mosses accumulated more carbon in the organic layers, but carbon stocks in the mineral layers here were the lowest. Conclusions: Differences in soil carbon stocks between and within northern and middle taiga in northwestern Russia were associated not only with soil types but also with the proportions of forest types dominated by different tree species and ground vegetation functional groups.
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Armitage, A. R., and J. W. Fourqurean. "Carbon storage in seagrass soils: long-term nutrient history exceeds the effects of near-term nutrient enrichment." Biogeosciences 13, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-313-2016.

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Abstract. The carbon sequestration potential in coastal soils is linked to aboveground and belowground plant productivity and biomass, which in turn, is directly and indirectly influenced by nutrient input. We evaluated the influence of long-term and near-term nutrient input on aboveground and belowground carbon accumulation in seagrass beds, using a nutrient enrichment (nitrogen and phosphorus) experiment embedded within a naturally occurring, long-term gradient of phosphorus availability within Florida Bay (USA). We measured organic carbon stocks in soils and above- and belowground seagrass biomass after 17 months of experimental nutrient addition. At the nutrient-limited sites, phosphorus addition increased the carbon stock in aboveground seagrass biomass by more than 300 %; belowground seagrass carbon stock increased by 50–100 %. Soil carbon content slightly decreased ( ∼ 10 %) in response to phosphorus addition. There was a strong but non-linear relationship between soil carbon and Thalassia testudinum leaf nitrogen : phosphorus (N : P) or belowground seagrass carbon stock. When seagrass leaf N : P exceeded an approximate threshold of 75 : 1, or when belowground seagrass carbon stock was less than 100 g m−2, there was less than 3 % organic carbon in the sediment. Despite the marked difference in soil carbon between phosphorus-limited and phosphorus-replete areas of Florida Bay, all areas of the bay had relatively high soil carbon stocks near or above the global median of 1.8 % organic carbon. The relatively high carbon content in the soils indicates that seagrass beds have extremely high carbon storage potential, even in nutrient-limited areas with low biomass or productivity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbon stock on soil"

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Pereira, Osvaldo José Ribeiro. "Mapping soil organic carbon storage in deep soil horizons of Amazonian Podzols." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-14062016-113621/.

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The Podzols of the world are divided into intra-zonal and zonal according to then location. Zonal Podzols are typical for boreal and taiga zone associated to climate conditions. Intra-zonal podzols are not necessarily limited by climate and are typical for mineral poor substrates. The Intra-zonal Podzols of the Brazilian Amazon cover important surfaces of the upper Amazon basin. Their formation is attributed to perched groundwater associated to organic matter and metals accumulations in reducing/acidic environments. Podzols have a great capacity of storing important amounts of soil organic carbon in deep thick spodic horizons (Bh), in soil depths ranging from 1.5 to 5m. Previous research concerning the soil carbon stock in Amazon soils have not taken into account the deep carbon stock (below 1 m soil depth) of Podzols. Given this, the main goal of this research was to quantify and to map the soil organic carbon stock in the region of Rio Negro basin, considering the carbon stored in the first soil meter as well as the carbon stored in deep soil horizons up to 3m. The amount of soil organic carbon stored in soils of Rio Negro basin was evaluated in different map scales, from local surveys, to the scale of the basin. High spatial and spectral resolution remote sensing images were necessary in order to map the soil types of the studied areas and to estimate the soil carbon stock in local and regional scale. Therefore, a multi-sensor analysis was applied with the aim of generating a series of biophysical attributes that can be indirectly related to lateral variation of soil types. The soil organic carbon stock was also estimated for the area of the Brazilian portion of the Rio Negro basin, based on geostatistical analysis (multiple regression kriging), remote sensing images and legacy data. We observed that Podzols store an average carbon stock of 18 kg C m-2 on the first soil meter. Similar amount was observed in adjacent soils (mainly Ferralsols and Acrisols) with an average carbon stock of 15 kg C m-2. However if we take into account a 3 m soil depth, the amount of carbon stored in Podzols is significantly higher with values ranging from 55 kg C m-2 to 82 kg C m-2, which is higher than the one stored in adjacent soils (18 kg C m-2 to 25 kg C m-2). Given this, the amount of carbon stored in deep soil horizons of Podzols should be considered as an important carbon reservoir, face a scenario of global climate change
Os Espodossolos podem ser divididos em zonais e intrazonais de acordo com área onde ocorrem. Os Espodossolos zonais são típicos de áreas boreais e taiga, delimitados por condições climáticas. Já os intrazonais não são condicionados pelo clima. Os Espodossolo intrazonais brasileiros ocupam uma grande extensão da alta bacia amazônica, tendo sua formação atribuída à ocorrência de lençóis freáticos suspensos associados à acumulação de complexos organometálicos em ambientes ácidos redutores. Esses solos tem a capacidade de estocar grandes quantidades de carbono orgânico em horizontes espódicos profundos (Bh), em profundidades que podem variar de 1,5m a 5m. Pesquisas atuais relacionadas ao estoque de carbono em solos amazônicos, não levam em consideração os estoques encontrados no horizonte Bh (abaixo de 1m de profundidade). Sendo assim, o principal objetivo da presente pesquisa foi quantificar e mapear o estoque de carbono nos solos da bacia do Rio Negro, tendo-se em vista aquele estocado no primeiro metro de solo, bem como o carbono armazenado em até 3m de profundidade. A quantidade de carbono orgânico estocado nos solos da bacia do Rio Negro foi estimada em diferentes escalas de mapeamento, desde mapas locais até a escala da bacia do Rio Negro. Imagens de sensoriamento remoto de alta resolução espacial e espectral foram essenciais para viabilizar o mapeamento dos solos nas áreas estudadas e permitir a estimativa do estoque de carbono. Uma análise multisensor foi adotada buscando-se gerar informações biofísicas indiretamente associadas à variação lateral dos tipos de solo. Após o mapeamento do estoque de carbono em escala regional, partiu-se para a estimativa na escala da bacia do Rio Negro, com base em análise geoestatística (krigagem por regressão linear), imagens de sensoriamento remoto e base de dados de domínio público. Após o mapeamento do estoque de carbono na escala da bacia, constatou-se que os Espodossolos têm um estoque médio de 18 kg C m-2, para 1m de profundidade, valor similar ao observado em solos adjacentes (Latossolos e Argissolos) os quais tem um estoque de 15 kg C m-2. Quando são considerados os estoques profundos, até 3m, a quantidade de carbono dos Espodossolos é superior com valores variando de 55 kg C m-2 a 82 kg C m-2. Estoque relativamente maior que aquele observado em solos adjacentes para esta profundidade (18 kg C m-2 a 25 kg C m-2). Portanto, o estoque de carbono profundo dos Espodossolos, não deve ser negligenciado levando-se em conta cenários futuros de mudanças climáticas
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Tifafi, Marwa. "Different soil study tools to better understand the dynamics of carbon in soils at different spatial scales, from a single soil profile to the global scale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV021/document.

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Les sols sont la principale composantede l’écosystème terrestre et le plus grand réservoir de carbone organique sur Terre, étant très réactifs aux perturbations humaines et aux changements climatiques. Malgré leur importance dans les réservoirs de carbone, la dynamique du carbone des sols est une source importante d'incertitudes pour les prévisions climatiques futures. Le but de la thèse était d'explorer différents aspects d’études du carbone des sols (mesures expérimentales, modélisation et évaluation de bases de données) à différentes échelles spatiales (de l'échelle d'un profil à l'échelle globale). Nous avons souligné que l'estimation des stocks globaux de carbone du sol est encore assez incertaine.Par conséquent le rôle du carbone des sols dans la dynamique du climat devient l'une des principales incertitudes dans les modèles du système terrestre utilisés pour prédire les changements climatiques futurs. La deuxième partie de la thèse porte sur la présentation d'une nouvelle version du modèle IPSL-Land Surface appelé ORCHIDEE-SOM, intégrant la dynamique du 14C dans le sol. Plusieurs tests effectués supposent que les améliorations du modèle devraient se focaliser davantage sur une paramétrisation dépendante de la profondeur,principalement pour la diffusion, afin d'améliorer la représentation du cycle global du carbone dans les modèles de surface terrestre, contribuant ainsi à contraindre les prédictions futures du réchauffement climatique
Soils are the major components ofthe terrestrial ecosystems and the largest organiccarbon reservoir on Earth, being very reactive tohuman disturbance and climate change. Despiteits importance within the carbon reservoirs, soilcarbon dynamics is an important source ofuncertainties for future climate predictions. Theaim of the thesis was to explore different aspectsof soil carbon studies (Experimentalmeasurements, modeling, and databaseevaluation) at different spatial scales (from thescale of a profile to the global scale). Wehighlighted that the estimation of the global soilcarbon stocks is still quite uncertain.Consequently, the role of soil carbon in theclimate dynamics becomes one of the majoruncertainties in the Earth system models (ESMs)used to predict future climate change. Thesecond part of thesis deals with the presentationof a new version of the IPSL-Land SurfaceModel called ORCHIDEE-SOM, incorporatingthe 14C dynamics in the soil. Several tests doneassume that model improvements should focusmore on a depth dependent parameterization,mainly for the diffusion, in order to improve therepresentation of the global carbon cycle inLand Surface Models, thus helping to constrainthe predictions of the future soil organic carbonresponse to global warming
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Veronesi, Fabio. "3D advance mapping of soil properties." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7848.

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Soil is extremely important for providing food, biomass and raw materials, water and nutrient storage; supporting biodiversity and providing foundations for man-made structures. However, its health is threatened by human activities, which can greatly affect the potential of soils to fulfil their functions and, consequently, result in environmental, economic and social damage. These issues require the characterisation of the impact and spatial extent of the problems. This can be achieved through the creation of detailed and comprehensive soil maps that describe both the spatial and vertical variability of key soil properties. Detailed three-dimensional (3D) digital soil maps can be readily used and embedded into environmental models. Three-dimensional soil mapping is not a new concept. However, only with the recent development of more powerful computers has it become feasible to undertake such data processing. Common techniques to estimate soil properties in the three-dimensional space include geostatistical interpolation, or a combination of depth functions and geostatistics. However, these two methods are both partially flawed. Geostatistical interpolation and kriging in particular, estimate soil properties in unsampled locations using a weighted average of the nearby observations. In order to produce the best possible estimate, this form of interpolation minimises the variance of each weighted average, thus decreasing the standard deviation of the estimates, compared to the soil observations. This appears as a smoothing effect on the data and, as a consequence, kriging interpolation is not reliable when the dataset is not sampled with a sampling designs optimised for geostatistics. Depth function approaches, as they are generally applied in literature, implement a spline regression of the soil profile data that aims to better describe the changes of the soil properties with depth. Subsequently, the spline is resampled at determined depths and, for each of these depths, a bi-dimensional (2D) geostatistical interpolation is performed. Consequently, the 3D soil model is a combination of a series of bi-dimensional slices. This approach can effectively decrease or eliminate any smoothing issues, but the way in which the model is created, by combining several 2D horizontal slices, can potentially lead to erroneous estimations. The fact that the geostatistical interpolation is performed in 2D implies that an unsampled location is estimated only by considering values at the same depth, thus excluding the vertical variability from the mapping, and potentially undermining the accuracy of the method. For these reasons, the literature review identified a clear need for developing, a new method for accurately estimating soil properties in 3D – the target of this research, The method studied in this thesis explores the concept of soil specific depth functions, which are simple mathematical equations, chosen for their ability to describe the general profile pattern of a soil dataset. This way, fitting the depth function to a particular sample becomes a diagnostic tool. If the pattern shown in a particular soil profile is dissimilar to the average pattern described by the depth function, it means that in that region there are localised changes in the soil profiles, and these can be identified from the goodness of fit of the function. This way, areas where soil properties have a homogeneous profile pattern can be easily identified and the depth function can be changed accordingly. The application of this new mapping technique is based on the geostatistical interpolation of the depth function coefficients across the study area. Subsequently, the equation is solved for each interpolated location to create a 3D lattice of soil properties estimations. For this way of mapping, this new methodology was denoted as top-down mapping method. The methodology was assessed through three case studies, where the top-down mapping method was developed, tested, and validated. Three datasets of diverse soil properties and at different spatial extents were selected. The results were validated primarily using cross-validation and, when possible, by comparing the estimates with independently sampled datasets (independent validation). In addition, the results were compared with estimates obtained using established literature methods, such as 3D kriging interpolation and the spline approach, in order to define some basic rule of application. The results indicate that the top-down mapping method can be used in circumstances where the soil profiles present a pattern that can be described by a function with maximum three coefficients. If this condition is met, as it was with key soil properties during the research, the top-down mapping method can be used for obtaining reliable estimates at different spatial extents.
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Longbottom, Todd L. M. S. "Climatic and topographic controls on soil carbon storage and dynamics in the Indian Himalaya: Potential carbon cycle and climate change feedbacks." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342106746.

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Ferreira, Tiago Lima. "Relações causais em sistemas de produção agrícola e agropecuária." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/178354.

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O presente trabalho teve por objetivo compreender sistemas de produção agrícola e agropecuária a campo pela avaliação da diversidade, funcionalidade e dinâmica espaço-temporal de espécies, assim como pelo padrão de variação da qualidade do solo e dos fatores que a determinam. Para isso, foi avaliado na “Agropecuária Guajuvira” localizada no município de São Miguel das Missões – RS quatro sistemas conservacionistas de produção. Foram eles: 1- sistema agrícola tradicional, representando a sucessão soja/trigo e soja/aveia preta amplamente praticada na região; 2- Sistema agrícola irrigado, semelhante ao anterior, mas, com recente inserção de milho no verão; 3- Sistema integrado de produção agropecuária 1, representando a sucessão soja/pastejo de azevém e 4- Sistema integrado de produção agropecuária 2, representando um sistema misto por apresentar alterações na composição de espécies no inverno pela sucessão soja/aveia preta pastejada, soja/aveia preta não pastejada e soja/nabo forrageiro/trigo O estoque de carbono (EC), estabilidade de agregados do solo (EAS) e índice de manejo de carbono (IMC) foram escolhidos como indicadores da qualidade sistêmica do solo. Seus padrões de variação foram compreendidos pela integração de atributos químicos, físicos e biológicos do solo, assim como por variáveis de paisagem inerentes às unidades amostrais. Os fatores que caracterizaram os sistemas de produção e o uso da análise de caminhos permitiram um maior entendimento de sistemas complexos de produção agrícola e agropecuária a campo.
The aim of this research was to understand agricultural and integrated crop-livestock production systems by the species diversity, functionality and spatial-temporal dynamics evaluation, as well as of the variation pattern of soil quality and factors that determine then. For this, four no-tillage production systems were evaluated on the "Agropecuária Guajuvira" located in São Miguel das Missões county in southern Brazil. The production systems were: 1- Traditional agricultural system, representing the succession soybean/wheat and soybean/black oat widely practiced in the region; 2- Irrigated agricultural system, similar to the previous one, but, with recent insertion of corn in the summer; 3 - Integrated crop-livestock system 1, representing the succession of soybean /grazed ryegrass and 4 - Integrated crop-livestock system 2, representing a mixed system due changes in species composition during winter by succession of soybean/grazed black oat, soybean/no-grazed black oat and soybean/forage radish/wheat The carbon stock (CS), soil aggregate stability (SAS) and carbon management index (CMI) were chosen as systemic soil quality indicators. Their variation patterns were understood by the integration of chemical, physical and biological soil attributes, as well as by landscape variables inherent to the sampling units. The factors that characterized the production systems and the path analysis utilization allowed a greater understanding of complex agricultural and integrated crop-livestock production systems in the field.
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6

Ros, Mesa Ignacio. "Stochastic modelling of soil carbon stocks under different land uses: a case study in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97097.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The research was conducted in the Kwa-Zulu Natal midlands, South Africa. The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks were successfully predicted by stochastic exponential models developed for the three main land uses in the area, which are farmlands, forestry plantations and grasslands. These models, in combination with regular surface sampling, may be used for monitoring SOC dynamics in the area and mapping SOC stocks. Bulk density measurements are needed in combination with SOC content (%wt) to calculate such SOC stocks. Considering the disadvantages of bulk density sampling and measurement, an effort was made to determine if one of the commonly-used existing stochastic models could be used to successfully predict bulk densities for soils with known texture and SOC content to replace direct measurements, taking into account that different managements might affect final results. Statistica software was used to correlate the Saxton & Rawls model predictions and associated regressions with measured values for the study area. A clear distribution trend was achieved using Statistica and the correlations were fair with r2 values close to 0.5 for individual regressions and substantially higher for area averages. However, considering the depth-stratified averages and correcting for the effects of particle density changes for soils with high soil organic matter, high correlations for 2 of the 3 studied land uses were achieved (r2 values of 0.99 and 0.81 in forests and grasslands respectively). Therefore, although Saxton and Rawls (2006) predictions of bulk density may be used, it is preferable to conduct direct bulk density determinations. The proposed models to calculate the vertical distribution of SOC would substantially reduce the cost of soil carbon inventories to 1m soil depth in the study area by limiting observations to the soil surface. Triplicate 5cm-deep soil core samples would be collected at the soil surface per observation point for determination of ρb (bulk density) and Corg (organic carbon). On average, the accuracy of the normalized depth-distribution model is rather high for grasslands and forests/forest plantations (R2 = 0.98), but somewhat lower for cultivated lands (R2 = 0.96) due to mixing of the plough layer to cultivation depth. Carbon stocks to 1m depth were calculated as an integral of the normalized exponential distribution, multiplied by the value of Corg observed at the soil surface and expressed on volume basis as carbon density (Cv, kg∙m-3). The resulting stock assessment was compared to the observed values using piece-integration for sampled depth increments to give SOC stocks on an area basis (kg∙m-2). The estimated prediction error on average was 1.2 (9%) and 3.7 kg∙m-2 (21.6%) in grasslands and forests respectively, while for cultivated lands the error was 1.3 kg.m-2 (9.5%). Further improvement to reduce these errors may be achieved by introducing the soil type as variable and grouping the functions by soil type rather than land uses. The results of this work were presented at the seminar of the department of Soil Science, Stellenbosch University (Ros et al., 2014), the combined congress of the South African Soil Science, Horticulture and Agronomy societies (Rozanov et al., 2015), the First Global Soil Map conference, France (Wiese et al., 2013), the 20th International Congress of Soil Science, Korea (Wiese et al. 2014) and were submitted for publication in Geoderma special issue dedicated to digital soil mapping of soil organic carbon following the presentation at the 20th ICSS, Korea (Wiese et al., 2014).
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing is in die Kwa-Zulu Natalse middellande van Suid-Afrika gedoen. Die vertikale verspreiding van grondorganiese koolstof (GOK) is suksesvol voorspel deur middel van stogastiese eksponensiële modelle wat vir die drie hoof landsgebruike ontwikkel is. In kombinasie met roetine monsterneming by die grondoppervlak kan hierdie modelle suksesvol aangewend word vir die monitering van GOK dinamika in die studiegebied, sowel as kartering van GOK voorraad. Bulkdigtheidsmetings word tesame met GOK inhoud (%massa) benodig om die GOK voorraad te bereken. Weens die nadele van monsterneming vir bulkdigtheidsbepalings is ‘n poging aangewend om te bepaal of een van die mees algemeen gebruikte bestaande stogastiese modelle (Saxton & Rawls 2006) gebruik kan word om die bulkdigtheid van gronde suksesvol vanaf tekstuur en GOK inhoud te voorspel en sodoende direkte metings te vervang. Statistica sagteware is gebruik om die voorspellings met behulp van die Saxton & Rawls modelle en gevolglike regressies met gemete waardes vanuit die studiegebied te korreleer en ‘n duidelike verspreidingstendens is hierdeur opgelewer. Die korrelasies vir individuele regressies was redelik met r2 waardes naby 0.5 en merkwaardig hoër waardes vir area gemiddeldes. Hoë korrelasies is egter behaal vir 2 van die 3 bestudeerde landsgebruike (r2 waardes van 0.99 en 0.81 in bosbou en grasveld onderskeidelik) wanneer die gemiddelde dieptestratifikasies gebruik en gekorrigeer word vir die verandering in deeltjiedigtheid vir gronde met hoë grondorganiese material. Alhoewel die Saxton and Rawls (2006) voorspellings van bulkdigtheid gebruik kan word, behoort bulkdigtheidsbepalings egter verkieslik direk gedoen te word. Die voorgestelde modelle vir die bepaling van vertikale GOK verspreiding tot 1m gronddiepte sou die koste van grondkoolstof opnames in die studiegebied dramaties verlaag deur grondmetings tot die grondoppervlak te beperk. Grondmonsters sal in triplikaat per waarnemingspunt met 5cm diep silinders op die grondoppervlak geneem word vir ρb (bulkdigtheid) and Corg (organiese koolstof) bepalings. Die gemiddelde akkuraatheid van die genormaliseerde diepteverspreidingsmodel is hoog vir grasveld en woude/bosbou plantasies (R2 = 0.98), maar ietwat laer vir bewerkte landerye (R2 = 0.96) as gevolg van die vermenging van die ploeglaag tot op die diepte van bewerking. Koolstof voorraad tot 1m gronddiepte is bepaal deur middel van die integraal van die genormaliseerde eksponensiele verspreiding, vermenigvuldig met die waarde van Corg op die grondoppervlak en op ‘n volume basis uitgedruk as koolstofdigtheid (Cv, kg∙m-3). Die gevolglike voorraadopname is met gemete waardes vergelyk deur middel van ‘n stuksgewyse integrasie van die gemonsterde diepteinkremente om GOK voorraad per area (kg∙m-2) te lewer. Die gemiddelde geskatte fout van voorspelling was 1.2 (9%) en 3.7 kg∙m-2 (21.6%) in grasveld and plantasies onderskeidelik en 1.3 kg.m-2 (9.5%) in bewerkte landerye. Verdere verbetering van die modelle en ‘n verlaging in hierdie foute kan verkry word deur die grondtipe inligting as veranderlike in te bring en die funksies volgens grondtipe eerder as landsgebruik te groepeer. Resultate van hierdie werk is reeds aangebied tydens ‘n seminar by die department Grondkunde, Stellenbosch Universiteit (Ros Mesa et al., 2014), die gesamentlike kongres vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Verenigings vir Grondkunde, Hortologie, Onkruidwetenskap en Gewasproduksie (Rozanov et al. 2015), die Eerste Global Soil Map konferensie, Frankryk (Wiese et al, 2013), die 20ste Internasionale Grondkunde Kongres, Korea (Wiese et al. 2014) en is ingehandig vir publikasie in ‘n spesiale uitgawe van Geoderma wat, na aanleiding van die aanbieding by die 20ste Internasionale Grondkunde Kongres, Korea (Wiese et al., 2014), fokus op digitale grondkartering van grondorganiese koolstof.
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Wong, Vanessa Ngar Lai. "The effects of salinity and sodicity on soil organic carbon stocks and fluxes /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20080428.223144/index.html.

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Wong, Vanessa, and u2514228@anu edu au. "The effects of salinity and sodicity on soil organic carbon stocks and fluxes." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20080428.223144.

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Soil is the world’s largest terrestrial carbon (C) sink, and is estimated to contain approximately 1600 Pg of carbon to a depth of one metre. The distribution of soil organic C (SOC) largely follows gradients similar to biomass accumulation, increasing with increasing precipitation and decreasing temperature. As a result, SOC levels are a function of inputs, dominated by plant litter contributions and rhizodeposition, and losses such as leaching, erosion and heterotrophic respiration. Therefore, changes in biomass inputs, or organic matter accumulation, will most likely also alter these levels in soils. Although the soil microbial biomass (SMB) only comprises 1-5% of soil organic matter (SOM), it is critical in organic matter decomposition and can provide an early indicator of SOM dynamics as a whole due to its faster turnover time, and hence, can be used to determine soil C dynamics under changing environmental conditions.¶ Approximately 932 million ha of land worldwide are degraded due to salinity and sodicity, usually coinciding with land available for agriculture, with salinity affecting 23% of arable land while saline-sodic soils affect a further 10%. Soils affected by salinity, that is, those soils high in soluble salts, are characterised by rising watertables and waterlogging of lower-lying areas in the landscape. Sodic soils are high in exchangeable sodium, and slake and disperse upon wetting to form massive hardsetting structures. Upon drying, sodic soils suffer from poor soil-water relations largely related to decreased permeability, low infiltration capacity and the formation of surface crusts. In these degraded areas, SOC levels are likely to be affected by declining vegetation health and hence, decreasing biomass inputs and concomitant lower levels of organic matter accumulation. Moreover, potential SOC losses can also be affected from dispersed aggregates due to sodicity and solubilisation of SOM due to salinity. However, few studies are available that unambiguously demonstrate the effect of increasing salinity and sodicity on C dynamics. This thesis describes a range of laboratory and field investigations on the effects of salinity and sodicity on SOC dynamics.¶ In this research, the effects of a range of salinity and sodicity levels on C dynamics were determined by subjecting a vegetated soil from Bevendale, New South Wales (NSW) to one of six treatments. A low, mid or high salinity solution (EC 0.5, 10 or 30 dS/m) combined with a low or high sodicity solution (SAR 1 or 30) in a factorial design was leached through a non-degraded soil in a controlled environment. Soil respiration and the SMB were measured over a 12-week experimental period. The greatest increases in SMB occurred in treatments of high-salinity high-sodicity, and high-salinity low-sodicity. This was attributed to solubilisation of SOM which provided additional substrate for decomposition for the microbial population. Thus, as salinity and sodicity increase in the field, soil C is likely to be rapidly lost as a result of increased mineralisation.¶ Gypsum is the most commonly-used ameliorant in the rehabilitation of sodic and saline-sodic soils affected by adverse soil environmental conditions. When soils were sampled from two sodic profiles in salt-scalded areas at Bevendale and Young, SMB levels and soil respiration rates measured in the laboratory were found to be low in the sodic soil compared to normal non-degraded soils. When the sodic soils were treated with gypsum, there was no change in the SMB and respiration rates. The low levels of SMB and respiration rates were due to low SOC levels as a result of little or no C input into the soils of these highly degraded landscapes, as the high salinity and high sodicity levels have resulted in vegetation death. However, following the addition of organic material to the scalded soils, in the form of coarsely-ground kangaroo grass, SMB levels and respiration rates increased to levels greater than those found in the non-degraded soil. The addition of gypsum (with organic material) gave no additional increases in the SMB.¶ The level of SOC stocks in salt-scalded, vegetated and revegetated profiles was also determined, so that the amount of SOC lost due to salinisation and sodication, and the increase in SOC following revegetation relative to the amount of SOC in a vegetated profile could be ascertained. Results showed up to three times less SOC in salt-scalded profiles compared to vegetated profiles under native pasture, while revegetation of formerly scalded areas with introduced pasture displayed SOC levels comparable to those under native pasture to a depth of 30 cm. However, SOC stocks can be underestimated in saline and sodic landscapes by setting the lower boundary at 30 cm due to the presence of waterlogging, which commonly occurs at a depth greater than 30 cm in saline and sodic landscapes as a result of the presence of high or perched watertables. These results indicate that successful revegetation of scalded areas has the potential to accumulate SOC stocks similar to those found prior to degradation.¶ The experimental results from this project indicate that in salt-affected landscapes, initial increases in salinity and sodicity result in rapid C mineralisation. Biomass inputs also decrease due to declining vegetation health, followed by further losses as a result of leaching and erosion. The remaining native SOM is then mineralised, until very low SOC stocks remain. However, the C sequestration potential in these degraded areas is high, particularly if rehabilitation efforts are successful in reducing salinity and sodicity. Soil ecosystem functions can then be restored if organic material is available as C stock and for decomposition in the form of either added organic material or inputs from vegetation when these salt-affected landscapes are revegetated.
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Estrela, Sílvia Regina Marques Faria. "Wildfire effects on forest soil organic matter stocks and losses by runoff." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/19151.

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Doutoramento em Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente
O solo é considerado o maior reservatório de carbono (C) global e, um importante sumidouro de CO2 atmosférico. Os incêndios florestais são um fenómeno frequente nos ecossistemas mediterrânicos, em especial em Portugal. Nas últimas décadas verificou-se um aumento do número de incêndios e os cenários de alterações climáticas sugerem que os regimes de incêndios se poderão intensificar no futuro. Os incêndios florestais podem provocar efeitos importantes a curto e médio prazo em fatores chave da qualidade do solo, tais como a quantidade e qualidade da matéria orgânica (SOM). Devido à grande quantidade de carbono (C) armazenado no solo, mesmo pequenas mudanças na SOM poderão ter um efeito significativo sobre os ciclos biogeoquímicos e, consequentemente, sobre o clima global. Embora existam vários estudos que documentam os efeitos pós-fogo sobre os processos hidrológicos e de erosão, em termos de impactos sobre a quantidade (em termos de stocks e perdas de carbono orgânico (OC) por escorrência superficial), qualidade da SOM e sedimentos exportados, bem como a sua recuperação pós-fogo tem sido pouco estudados. Estes foram os principais objetivos deste estudo, realizado em plantações de eucalipto (Eucalyptus globulus), um dos tipos de vegetação florestal mais suscetíveis ao fogo no centro-norte de Portugal. O efeito dos incêndios florestais na qualidade da SOM do solo foi avaliado na camada superficial do solo (0-2 cm) em 4 períodos de amostragem, imediatamente antes das primeiras chuvas até dois anos após o incêndio. Para tal, foram utilizadas várias técnicas analíticas, tais como a deteção e caraterização de biomarcadores lipídicos por cromatografia gasosa/espetrometria de massa (GC-MS), caraterização de SOM por pirólise acoplada à cromatografia gasosa e à espetrometria de massa (Py-GC/MS) e, por ressonância magnética nuclear 13C de estado sólido (13C NMR). As exportações pós-fogo de OC por escorrência superficial e as respetivas contribuições das frações de carbono orgânico dissolvido (DOC), carbono orgânico particulado (POC) e carbono inorgânico dissolvido (DIC) foram também determinados em amostras de escorrência superficial recolhidas em intervalos de 1 a 2 semanas ao longo do primeiro ano após o incêndio. Os resultados mostraram que o incêndio provocou mudanças consideráveis na quantidade e qualidade da SOM. Estas incluíram a degradação térmica e quebra de compostos de n-alquilo. Aumentaram os rácios das cadeias curto-longo de n-alcanos e das cadeias de n- FAMEs, assim como a alteração dos respetivos índices. Além disso, a abundância relativa de certos biomarcadores específicos de determinadas plantas foram modificados, especialmente diminuição de terpenóides, tais como epiglobulol, ledol e globulol que são característicos do Eucalyptus globulus. Outras diferenças observadas no solo queimado foram a presença de levoglucosano, um marcador típico para a alteração térmica de polissacarídeos, maior abundância relativa de compostos derivados da lenhina (vanilina e metoxifenol) e a presença de estruturas de N-heteroaromáticos. Os espetros de 13C NMR também indicaram que o fogo produziu um aumento considerável na aromaticidade e condensação aromática da SOM. Estas diferenças verificaram-se durante o período de estudo, sugerindo uma lenta recuperação das propriedades do solo, possivelmente influenciadas, quer por uma recuperação limitada da vegetação, quer pela intensificação das perda de solo após o incêndio. O presente trabalho abordou também um tema pouco estudado como são os efeitos pós-fogo nas perdas de OC no solo por escorrência superficial. Os principais resultados apontaram para (i) uma maior quantidades de cinzas na encosta orientada a norte do que na encosta orientada a sul, enquanto que para a quantidade total de carbono orgânico (TOC) nas cinzas, estas não apresentaram diferenças; (ii) quer a perda total de sedimentos, quer a quantidade TOC do solo apresentouse maior na encosta orientada a norte do que a sul; (iii) a fração de OC que apresentou as maiores perdas, para ambas as encostas, foi a particulada. A quantificação das perdas de OC pós-fogo podem contribuir de forma relevante para a proteção dos ecossistemas, nomeadamente em termos da fertilidade do solo.
Soil is considered the largest carbon reservoir and an important global sink for atmospheric CO2. Wildfires are frequent in Mediterranean ecosystems, especially in Portugal. In recent decades there has been an increase in the number of fires and climate change scenarios suggest that the fire regimes are likely to increase in the future. Forest fires can have important short−to long−term implications for key aspects of soil quality, such as the quantity and quality of soil organic matter (SOM). Due to high amount of carbon (C) stored in soil, even slight alterations of SOM can affect significantly biogeochemical cycles, hence, affecting the whole global climate. Although numerous studies have documented the effects of wildfires on hydrological and erosion processes, the effects of fire on the quantity (in terms of stocks and losses of OC content by overland flow) and quality of SOM and in the sediments eroded, as well on postfire SOM recovery, have received considerably less research attention. These were the principal goals of the present study conducted on eucalypt plantations, one of the most fire-prone forest types in northcentral Portugal. The effects of wildfires on quality of SOM was evaluated in topsoil samples (0-2 cm) on four sampling occasions, starting immediately after the first post-fire rain till two years later. It was necessary a combination of multi-analytical techniques, such as lipid-biomarker analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), SOM characterization by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy. Post-fire OC exports by overland flow and the contributions of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fractions were measured in runoff samples collected at 1- to 2- weekly intervals during the first year after the wildfire. The results showed that wildfire produced substantial changes in the quantity and quality of SOM. These included the thermal breakdown and cracking of n-alkyl compounds. Ratios of short-to-long n-alkanes and n-fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) increased and typical carbon number predominance indexes for n-alkanes (odd-to-even) and n-FAMEs (evento- odd) were altered. Furthermore, the relative abundances of certain markers, which are plantspecies specific were modified, especially by decreasing terpenoids such as epiglobulol, ledol and globulol, which are characteristic of Eucalyptus globulus. Other differences observed in the burnt soil were the appearance of levoglucosan, a typical marker for the thermal alteration of polysaccharides, larger relative abundances of lignin-derived compounds (vanillin and methoxyphenols) and the presence of N-heteroaromatic structures. The 13C NMR spectra also indicated that the wildfire produced a considerable increase in the aromaticity and aromatic condensation of the topsoil SOM. The continuation of these differences in SOM quality during the period of this study, suggested a slow recovery of soil properties, possibly influenced by a limited recovery of the vegetation after the fire combined with the fire-enhanced losses of soil. The present work also evaluated post-fire soil OC losses by overland flow in recently two burnt eucalypt plantations, addressing a topic that has seldom been investigated. The main findings were that: (i) the amount of deposited ashes was higher at the NW slope than at the SE slope, while ashes total organic carbon (TOC) content revealed no differences; (ii) total sediment losses and also the TOC export were higher at the NW slope than at the SE slope; (iii) particulate organic carbon fraction showed the highest loss at the both topsoil sites. In addition, this study provides some insight into post-fire organic carbon losses in the recently burnt areas, which is crucial information for ecosystem management, especially in terms of soil fertility.
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Kroll, Jeffrey T. "LANDUSE AND SOIL ORGANIC CARBON VARIABILITY IN THE OLD WOMAN CREEK WATERSHED OF NORTH CENTRAL OHIO." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1165431813.

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Books on the topic "Carbon stock on soil"

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Agus, Fahmuddin. Measuring carbon stock in peat soils: Practical guidelines. Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia: World Agroforestry Centre, 2010.

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Ju, Weimin. Distribution of soil carbon stocks in Canada's wetland and upland forests simulated based on drainage class, topography and remote sensing. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2002.

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Hartemink, Alfred E., and Kevin McSweeney, eds. Soil Carbon. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4.

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Kutsch, Werner L., Michael Bahn, and Andreas Heinemeyer, eds. Soil Carbon Dynamics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511711794.

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India, Forest Survey of. Carbon stock in India's forests. Dehradun: Forest Survey of India, Ministry of Environment & Forests, 2012.

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P, Koohafkan, Antoine Jacques, and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations., eds. Assessing carbon stocks and modelling win-win scenarios of carbon sequestration through land-use changes. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2004.

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Jensen, Earl H. Soil survey of Carbon area, Utah. [Washington, D.C.?]: The Service, 1988.

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Vercammen, James. Dynamic economic modeling of soil carbon. [Ottawa]: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2002.

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Jandl, Robert, Mirco Rodeghiero, and Mats Olsson, eds. Soil Carbon in Sensitive European Ecosystems. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119970255.

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Datta, Rahul, Ram Swaroop Meena, Shamina Imran Pathan, and Maria Teresa Ceccherini, eds. Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7264-3.

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Book chapters on the topic "Carbon stock on soil"

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Lorenz, Klaus, and Rattan Lal. "Soil Carbon Stock." In Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Ecosystems, 39–136. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92318-5_2.

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Ogeh, Joseph S. "Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Under Plantation Crops and Forest in the Rainforest Zone of Nigeria." In Soil Carbon, 467–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_46.

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Xie, Zubin, Gang Liu, Qicheng Bei, Chunmei Chen, Georg Cadisch, Qi Liu, Zhibin Lin, Hasegawa Toshihiro, and Jianguo Zhu. "Soil Organic Carbon Stocks, Changes and CO2 Mitigation Potential by Alteration of Residue Amendment Pattern in China." In Soil Carbon, 457–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04084-4_45.

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Grüneberg, Erik, Ingo Schöning, Winfried Riek, Daniel Ziche, and Jan Evers. "Carbon Stocks and Carbon Stock Changes in German Forest Soils." In Ecological Studies, 167–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15734-0_6.

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Saiz, Gustavo, and Alain Albrecht. "Methods for Smallholder Quantification of Soil Carbon Stocks and Stock Changes." In Methods for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Balances and Evaluating Mitigation Options in Smallholder Agriculture, 135–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29794-1_7.

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Chiti, Tommaso, Costantino Sirca, Mirco Rodeghiero, Donatella Spano, and Riccardo Valentini. "Soil Carbon Stocks and Fluxes." In The Greenhouse Gas Balance of Italy, 119–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32424-6_8.

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Gärdenäs, Annemieke I., Per-Erik Jansson, Erik Karltun, Leif Klemendtsson, Aleksi Lehtonen, Carina A. Ortiz, Taru Palosuo, and Magnus Svensson. "Estimating Soil Carbon Stock Changes by Process-Based Models and Soil Inventories - Uncertainties and Complementarities." In Soil Carbon in Sensitive European Ecosystems, 239–66. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119970255.ch10.

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Jjagwe, Aisha, Vincent Kakembo, and Barasa Bernard. "Land Use Cover Types and Forest Management Options for Carbon in Mabira Central Forest Reserve." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2733–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_145.

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AbstractMabira Central Forest Reserve (CFR), one of the biggest forest reserves in Uganda, has increasingly undergone encroachments and deforestation. This chapter presents the implications of a range of forest management options for carbon stocks in the Mabira CFR. The effects of forest management options were reviewed by comparing above-ground biomass (AGB), carbon, and soil organic carbon (SOC) in three management zones. The chapter attempts to provide estimates of AGB and carbon stocks (t/ha) of forest (trees) and SOC using sampling techniques and allometric equations. AGB and carbon were obtained from a count of 143 trees, measuring parameters of diameter at breast height (DBH), crown diameter (CW), and height (H) with tree coordinates. It also makes use of the Velle (Estimation of standing stock of woody biomass in areas where little or no baseline data are available. A study based on field measurements in Uganda. Norges Landbrukshoegskole, Ås, 1995) allometric equations developed for Uganda to estimate AGB.The strict nature reserve management zone was noted to sink the highest volume of carbon of approximately 6,771,092.34 tonnes, as compared to the recreation zone (2,196,467.59 tonnes) and production zone (458,903.57 tonnes). A statistically significant relationship was identified between AGB and carbon. SOC varied with soil depth, with the soil surface of 0–10 cm depth registering the highest mean of 2.78% across all the management zones. Soil depth and land use/cover types also had a statistically significant effect on the percentage of SOC (P = 0.05). A statistically significant difference at the 95% significance level was also identified between the mean carbon stocks from one level of management zones to another. Recommendations include: demarcating forest boundaries to minimize encroachment, enforcement of forestry policy for sustainable development, promote reforestation, and increase human resources for efficient monitoring of the forest compartments.
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Owoade, Folasade Mary, Samuel Godfried Kwasi Adiku, Christopher John Atkinson, and Dilys Sefakor MacCarthy. "Differential Impact of Land Use Types on Soil Productivity Components in Two Agro-ecological Zones of Southern Ghana." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1721–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_144.

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AbstractThe maintenance of soil productivity is important for sustained crop yield in low-input systems in the tropics. This study investigated the impact of four different land use types, namely, maize and cassava cropping, woodlot/plantations, and natural forests on soil productivity components, especially soil carbon accretion, at six sites within two agro-ecological zones of southern Ghana. Soil properties were significantly different between sites and ecological zones. The coastal savanna zones, which is a low rainfall zone had relatively lower soil carbon storage than the high rainfall forest-savanna transition zone. Soil productivity conditions in the later zone were much more favorable for cropping than the former. Land use types significantly affected the soil carbon (SOC) storage within the two ecological zones. In the low rainfall zone, soil carbon accretion by maize cropping, cassava cropping, and plantations were 48%, 54%, and 60%, respectively, of the forest carbon stock (47,617 kg/ha). In the transition zone, the soil carbon accretion was over 90% of the forest value (48,216 kg/ha) for all land use types. In effect use of land use types in maintaining soil productivity must consider the conditions in a given ecological zone.
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Lal, Rattan. "Climate Change and the Global Soil Carbon Stocks." In Soil and Climate, 419–26. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | Series: Advances in soil science: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21225-16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Carbon stock on soil"

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"A meta-model for soil carbon stock in agricultural soils." In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.b1.luo.

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Butlers, Aldis, and Andis Lazdins. "Carbon stock in litter and organic soil in drained and naturally wet forest lands in Latvia." In Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.007.

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The aim of the study is to evaluate carbon stock in litter and organic forest soils in Latvia as well as to characterize accumulation of carbon in litter in afforested lands. The study is providing empirically valid information about soil and litter carbon changes for the National greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory by using data from National forest inventory (NFI), forest soil monitoring demonstration project BioSoil and other studies. The study proves significance of organic forest soil carbon pool in Latvia and demonstrates necessity to extend NFI incorporated forest soil monitoring program to improve data on soil density in wet organic soils, as well as to integrate data characterizing water regime in forests. The acquired data also proves that the conservative approach of calculation of carbon stock changes in litter in afforested lands applied in the Latvia’s National GHG inventory avoids overestimation of CO2 removals. The data on litter carbon stock collected in this study is sufficient to estimate total carbon stock for stands dominated by most common tree species and long term impact of changes of species composition. Measurements of organic soil and litter thickness should be continued by NFI and integrated with more detailed soil monitoring to increase accuracy of carbon stock estimates and gather data necessary for verification of modelling data, particularly in afforested lands and due to change of dominant species.
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R., Nur Aqlili Riana, and Sahibin A. R. "Soil carbon stock and soil characteristics at Tasik Chini Forest Reserve, Pahang, Malaysia." In THE 2015 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2015 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4931212.

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Lupikis, Ainars, and Andis Lazdins. "Soil carbon stock changes in transitional mire drained for forestry in Latvia: a case study." In Research for Rural Development, 2017. Latvia University of Agriculture, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.23.2017.008.

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"Measurement of Carbon Stock and Soil Characteristics Reviewed from Coastline in the Mangrove Wonorejo Forest, Surabaya." In Seminar Nasional Magister Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur. Galaxy Science, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2020.0614.

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Bobric, Elena Diana. "A COMPARISON OF SOIL ORGANIC CARBON STOCKS IN PASTORAL, CROPPING AND FOREST SOILS." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/32/s14.091.

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Tang, Jie, Nan Zhang, Zhaoyang Li, and Bo Yang. "Variation of Soil Organic Carbon Stock under Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Farming-Pastoral Ecotone over the Past Century in Zhenlai, China." In 2012 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology (iCBEB). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbeb.2012.465.

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"Estimating soil organic carbon stocks using machine learning methods in the semi-arid rangelands of New South Wales." In 22nd International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2017.g1.wang.

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Zhang, Lei, Peng Zhang, Mukui Yu, and Tonggui Wu. "Soil organic carbon content and stocks in an age-sequence of Metasequoia glyptostroboides plantations in coastal area, East China." In 2015 4th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icseee-15.2016.178.

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Zhan, Jinyan, Nana Shi, Xiangzheng Deng, Hongbo Su, and Dongsheng Qiu. "Interpolating the Information of Site-based Soil Organic Carbon Stocks into Surface: a Case Study in the North China Plain." In IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4779842.

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Reports on the topic "Carbon stock on soil"

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Wielopolski, Lucian, G. Hendrey, I. Orion, S. Prior, H. Rogers, B. Runion, and A. Torbert. NON-DESTRUCTIVE SOIL CARBON ANALYZER. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15007355.

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Andress, D. Soil carbon changes for bioenergy crops. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834706.

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Montz, A., V. R. Kotamarthi, and H. Bellout. Soil carbon response to rising temperature. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1051236.

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Sawyer, John E., Mahdi Al-Kaisi, Daniel W. Barker, and Weston Dittmer. Soil Nitrogen and Carbon Management Project. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1507.

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Zinke, P. J., A. G. Stangenberger, W. M. Post, W. R. Emanual, and J. S. Olson. Worldwide organic soil carbon and nitrogen data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/543663.

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Fancher, J. D. Carbon tetrachloride ERA soil-gas baseline monitoring. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10167614.

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Smith, James E., Linda S. Heath, and Michael C. Nichols. US forest carbon calculation tool: forest-land carbon stocks and net annual stock change. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-13.

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Larson, Steven, Ryan Busby, W. Andy Martin, Victor Medina, Peter Seman, Christopher Hiemstra, Umakant Mishra, and Tom Larson. Sustainable carbon dioxide sequestration as soil carbon to achieve carbon neutral status for DoD lands. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/25406.

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Al-Kaisi, Mahdi. Long-term Tillage and Crop Rotation Effects on Soil Carbon and Soil Productivity. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-810.

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Al-Kaisi, Mahdi. Long-Term Tillage and Crop Rotation Effects on Soil Carbon and Soil Productivity. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-914.

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