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Journal articles on the topic 'Carbon'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Zolotareva, O. K. "BIOCATALYTIC CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE PROMOTED BY CARBONIC ANHYDRASE." Biotechnologia Acta 16, no. 5 (2023): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech16.05.005.

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The rapid and steady increase in the concentration of CO2, the most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, leads to extreme weather and climate events. Due to the burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal and natural gas), the concentration of CO2 in the air has been increasing in recent decades by more than 2 ppm per year, and in the last year alone - by 3.29 ppm. To prevent the "worst" scenarios of climate change, immediate and significant reductions in CO2 emissions through carbon management are needed. Aim. Analysis of the current state of research and prospects for the use of carbonic anhydr

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Andreas, Roy, Uyi Sulaeman, and Tien Setyaningtyas. "PEMANFAATAN KARBON SABUT KELAPA TERIMPREGNASI UNTUK MENGURANGI TEMBAGA(II) DALAM MEDIUM AIR." Molekul 3, no. 2 (2008): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2008.3.2.53.

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This research is conducted to produce carbons from coconut fibre which approach to activated carbon clause continue with carbon surface modification and the adsorption examination to Cu(II) ions. The research consist of several phase. Carbon making of coconut fibre conducted by carbonization processes at 320-400oC with temperature interval 20oC. Carbon yielded in characterized moisture content, ash content and its adsoprtion to iodium. The carbon surface modification conducted by loaded 2-mercaptobenzotiazol (MBT) on carbon. The adsorpsibility of carbon-MBT tested by influence of contact time,

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3

Kessler, H., W. Bermel, and C. Griesinger. "Determination of carbon-carbon connectivities, assignment of quaternary carbons, and extraction of carbon-carbon coupling constants by carbon-relayed hydrogen-carbon spectroscopy." Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) 62, no. 3 (1985): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2364(85)90231-8.

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4

Hua-Yue, Wu, Ding Jin-Chang, Liu Miao-Chang, and Gao Jing. "Active metallic indium mediated carbon-carbon bond formation in aqueous media : Barbier-type allylation of aldehydes." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 81, Feb 2004 (2004): 160–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5830219.

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Department of Chemistry, Wenzhou Normal College, Wenzhou 325027, P.R. China E-mail: hywu3@ 163.com     <em>Fax</em>: 86-577-88339081 <em>Manuscript received 9 April 2003, accepted 22 August 2003</em> Mediated by active metallic indium generated in situ from Sm/InCI<sub>3</sub>.4H<sub>2</sub>O bimetallic system, aldehydes and allylic bromide undergo efficient Barbier-type allylation reaction to afford homoallylic alcohols in high yields under mild conditions in aqueous media.

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5

Xu, Xian Feng, Ling Zhi Chai, Hui Li, and Ling Sheng Zeng. "Study on the Electric Properties of Carbon Fibers and its Application for the Preparation of Carbon/Carbon Composites." Materials Science Forum 809-810 (December 2014): 707–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.809-810.707.

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Acetylene (C2H2) was used as carbon source gas, nitrogen (N2) as dilution gas. The electric properties of carbon fibers was briefly discussed by energizing the carbon fibers in vacuum condition which were applied for the preparation of carbon/carbon composites by the method of chemical vapor deposition. The deposition mechanism and microstructure of pyrolytic carbons in carbon fibers under different deposition crafts were also discussed. Results indicate that the greater the initial voltage, the higher the temperature, we can change the deposition temperature by changing the initial voltage ac

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6

Rahmawati, Fitria, Viona Natalia, Agung T. Wijayanta, Siti Rondiyah, Koji Nakabayashi, and Jin Miyawaki. "Carbon Waste Powder Prepared from Carbon Rod Waste of Zinc-Carbon Batteries for Methyl Orange Adsorption." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 15, no. 1 (2019): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.15.1.5148.66-73.

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A research on the preparation of Carbon Waste Powder, CWP, was conducted and made from carbon rod waste which was extracted from used zinc-carbon batteries. This research was an effort to overcome environmental problem caused by battery waste by converting into adsorbent for methyl orange (MO) that frequently used by textile industries. The prepared powder was then analyzed to understand its characteristic peaks, crystallinity, and to compare the properties with other carbonaceous forms, i.e. a commercial Carbon Paper (CP), and a commercial meso- carbon micro-beads (MCMB). The analysis found t

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7

Zhang, Xiuwei, and Feihai Yu. "Physical disturbance accelerates carbon loss through increasing labile carbon release." Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 11 (2020): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/257/2020-pse.

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Labile carbon (C) is a major source of C loss because of its high vulnerability to environmental change. Yet its potential role in regulating soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics remains unclear. In this study, we tested the effect of physical disturbance on SOC decomposition using soils from two abandoned farmlands free of management practice for more than 28 years. The soil respiration rate was measured in undisturbed and disturbed soil columns and was inversely modeled using the two-compartment model. We found that the C loss was 16.8~74.1% higher in disturbed than in undisturbed soil columns

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8

Li, Zhong, Hongjuan Wang, Hongxia Xi, Qibin Xia, Jinglei Han, and Lingai Luo. "Estimation of Activation Energy of Desorption of n-Hexanol from Activated Carbons by the TPD Technique." Adsorption Science & Technology 21, no. 2 (2003): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361703769013862.

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Activated carbon and five kinds of metal-ion-substituted activated carbons, viz. Ag+-activated carbon, Cu2+-activated carbon, Fe3+-activated carbon, Ba2+-activated carbon and Ca2+-activated carbon, were prepared. A model for estimating the activation energy of desorption was established. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiments were conducted to measure the TPD curves of n-hexanol and hence estimate the activation energy for n-hexanol desorption from the various activated carbons. The results showed that the activation energies for n-hexanol desorption from the Ag+-activated carbon,

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9

Rivera–Utrilla, J., and M. A. Ferro–García. "Effect of Carbon–Oxygen and Carbon–Nitrogen Surface Complexes on the Adsorption of Cations by Activated Carbons." Adsorption Science & Technology 3, no. 4 (1986): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361748600300409.

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Adsorption studies of Na+, Cs+, Ag+, Sr2+ and Co2+ from aqueous solutions by surface-treated activated carbons are reported. Carbon–oxygen and carbon–nitrogen surface complexes were formed on an activated carbon from almond shells by treating it with either oxidizing reagents or ammonia. In order to discover the surface acidity and/or basicity of each carbon, selective neutralization techniques were carried out. Both Na+ and Cs+ are adsorbed by only those carbons containing strong acidic functional groups; however, Ag+, Sr2+ and Co2+ are adsorbed not only by these latter carbons but also by th

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10

Reed, Lawrence A., Juin Tang Huang, Michael McGregor, and Leon Goodman. "Stereospecific carbon-carbon bond formation at secondary carbons in cyclic sugars." Carbohydrate Research 254 (February 1994): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(94)84247-7.

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11

Diamadopoulos, E., P. Samaras, and G. P. Sakellaropoulos. "The Effect of Activated Carbon Properties on the Adsorption of Toxic Substances." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 1 (1992): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0023.

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The objectives of this work were to relate the activated carbon properties to its adsorptive capacity. The activated carbon needed was produced in the lab from Greek lignite coal. Subsequently, adsorption studies were performed in order to evaluate the efficiency of the various activated carbons to remove toxic substances from water. Two organic substances were used. These were phenol and fulvic acid. Additionally, the adsorption of arsenic (V) was, also, investigated. It was found that the adsorptive capacity of the activated carbons depended primarily on the ash content and the compound. The

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12

Kim, Young In, and Soo Yong Lee. "A Study on the Erosion of Thermal-Insulation Materials Made of Carbon-Carbon Composites and Graphite." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers - A 43, no. 5 (2019): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2019.43.5.307.

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13

Kaiser, Katharina, Lorel M. Scriven, Fabian Schulz, Przemyslaw Gawel, Leo Gross, and Harry L. Anderson. "An sp-hybridized molecular carbon allotrope, cyclo[18]carbon." Science 365, no. 6459 (2019): 1299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aay1914.

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Carbon allotropes built from rings of two-coordinate atoms, known as cyclo[n]carbons, have fascinated chemists for many years, but until now they could not be isolated or structurally characterized because of their high reactivity. We generated cyclo[18]carbon (C18) using atom manipulation on bilayer NaCl on Cu(111) at 5 kelvin by eliminating carbon monoxide from a cyclocarbon oxide molecule, C24O6. Characterization of cyclo[18]carbon by high-resolution atomic force microscopy revealed a polyynic structure with defined positions of alternating triple and single bonds. The high reactivity of cy

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14

OHMAE, Nobuo. "PL01 RECENT EXPERIMENTAL WORK ON TRIBOLOGY OF CARBON ONIONS AND SOME TOPICS RELATED TO NANO-CARBONS." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2011.10 (2011): _PL01–1_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2011.10._pl01-1_.

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15

OHMAE, Nobuo. "PLF001 RECENT EXPERIMENTAL WORK ON TRIBOLOGY OF CARBON ONIONS AND SOME TOPICS RELATED TO NANO-CARBONS." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2011.10 (2011): _PLF001–1_—_PLF001–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2011.10._plf001-1_.

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16

Doğan, E. E., P. Tokcan, and B. K. Kizilduman. "Storage of Hydrogen in Activated Carbons and Carbon Nanotubes." Advances in Materials Science 18, no. 4 (2018): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/adms-2017-0045.

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AbstractActivated carbons and carbon nanotube were synthesized with chemical and microwave processes of olive leaf in media with and without ultrasonic waves, and chemical vapor deposition method, respectively. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, calorimetry, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller method, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray, and zetasizer nano S90 instruments. The activated carbon synthesized in the ultrasonic bath had a higher surface area. The hydrogen adsorption capacity of carbon structures including activated carbons and carbon nanotube was measured

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17

Nindhia, Tjokorda Gde Tirta, I. Wayan Surata, I. Ketut Adi Atmika, Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra Negara, and I. Putu Gede Artana. "Processing Carbon Rod from Waste of Zing-Carbon Battery for Biogas Desulfurizer." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 3, no. 2 (2015): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2015.v3.179.

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18

Tomaszewski, Damian, and Krzysztof Tadyszak. "Electron Spin Relaxation in Carbon Materials." Materials 15, no. 14 (2022): 4964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15144964.

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This article focuses on EPR relaxation measurements in various carbon samples, e.g., natural carbons—anthracite, coal, higher anthraxolites, graphite; synthetically obtained carbons—glassy carbons, fullerenes, graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphite monocrystals, HOPG, nanoribbons, diamonds. The short introduction presents the basics of resonant electron spin relaxation techniques, briefly describing the obtained parameters. This review presents gathered results showing the processes leading to electron spin relaxation and typical ranges of electron spin relaxation rates for

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19

No, Tae-Kyeong, Dong-Guk Kang, Jae-Sik Seo, Kyung-Mo Yang, and Kwan-Ho Seo. "Effect of Carbon Black on Mechanical and Damping Properties of EPDM/Carbon Black System." Elastomers and Composites 47, no. 3 (2012): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7473/ec.2012.47.3.231.

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20

Khandaker, Tasmina, Muhammad Sarwar Hossain, Palash Kumar Dhar, Md Saifur Rahman, Md Ashraf Hossain, and Mohammad Boshir Ahmed. "Efficacies of Carbon-Based Adsorbents for Carbon Dioxide Capture." Processes 8, no. 6 (2020): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8060654.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2), a major greenhouse gas, capture has recently become a crucial technological solution to reduce atmospheric emissions from fossil fuel burning. Thereafter, many efforts have been put forwarded to reduce the burden on climate change by capturing and separating CO2, especially from larger power plants and from the air through the utilization of different technologies (e.g., membrane, absorption, microbial, cryogenic, chemical looping, and so on). Those technologies have often suffered from high operating costs and huge energy consumption. On the right side, physical process,

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21

Hidayat, Sahrul, Sarifah Mudaim, Ali Zulfikar, Nowo Riveli, and Iman Rahayu. "Synthesis of Porous Carbons from Candlenut Shells Using Various Types of Activators for Environmentally Friendly Supercapacitors." Key Engineering Materials 989 (October 28, 2024): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-pa5uem.

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Porous carbon is one of the promising electrode materials for supercapacitors due to its unique and engineerable microstructural properties. The study of the synthesis of porous carbon from waste biomass is very important due to the abundance of natural resources, low cost production and contribute to solving environmental problems. In this study, porous carbons derived from candlnut shell with various type of activator was studied the chemical structural, morphological and electrochemical properties then evaluated as electrodes for supercapacitor. We have been successfully synthesized of poro

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22

Kumar, Ponnusamy Senthil, and G. Janet Joshiba. "Carbon Nanotube Composites." Diffusion Foundations 23 (August 2019): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.23.75.

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The discovery of carbon nanotubes is one of the remarkable achievement in the field of material science and it is a great advancement of Nanotechnology. A carbon nanotube is an expedient material used in several domains and paves way for the welfare of humans in many ways. Carbon nanotubes are nanosized tubes made from graphitic carbons and it is well known for its exclusive physical and chemical properties. The market demand for the nanotubes has increased progressively due to its size dependent, structure and mechanical properties. The carbon nanotubes possess high tensile strength and it is

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23

El-Nabarawy, Th, G. A. Fagal, and L. B. Khalil. "Removal of Ammonia from Aqueous Solution Using Activated Carbons." Adsorption Science & Technology 13, no. 1 (1996): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749601300102.

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The surface areas of non-activated, activated and modified activated carbons were determined from the adsorption of nitrogen at −196°C and of carbon dioxide at 25°C. The base neutralization capacities were determined from the adsorption of NaOH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3 and NH4OH. The amount of oxygen combined to the carbon surface was estimated by measuring the pressure of CO and CO2 obtained on outgassing the carbon sample in the temperature range 300–1000°C. The surface area of activated carbon is not a determining factor in its ammonia adsorption. The surface acidity of the active carbon is a good m

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24

Zhang, Su, Lei Qin, Huaihe Song, Xiaohong Chen, Jisheng Zhou, and Zhaokun Ma. "From solid carbon sources to carbon nanotubes: a general water-assisted approach." RSC Adv. 4, no. 97 (2014): 54244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra09957e.

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25

Gamby, J., P. L. Taberna, P. Simon, J. F. Fauvarque, and M. Chesneau. "Studies and characterisations of various activated carbons used for carbon/carbon supercapacitors." Journal of Power Sources 101, no. 1 (2001): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(01)00707-8.

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26

Lodha, Dr Gaurav. "Accounting For Carbon Credits." Indian Journal of Applied Research 1, no. 5 (2011): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/feb2012/55.

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27

Otani, Sugio. "Nano-carbons formed from carbon monoxide." TANSO 2004, no. 215 (2004): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7209/tanso.2004.221.

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28

Payne, Michael, Molly Klein, Brian Lenhart, Samuel McKinney, Delia Hernandez, and Michele Ostraat. "Graphitic Engineered Carbon Supports for Fuel Cell and Electrolyzer Catalysts: Significance and Characterization Methodology." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 11 (2024): 1523. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02111523mtgabs.

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Interconnected mesoporous carbons are an integral support material for many fuel cell and electrolyzer electrode catalysts because of their conductivity, their structural tunability, and the abundance of carbon precursors. The structure and morphology of the carbon support have significant impacts on electrocatalyst performance and durability, and improvements to the synthesis and characterization of carbon supports will ultimately advance sustainable fuel cell and electrolyzer technologies towards widespread adoption. One essential aspect of the carbon structure is its “degree of graphitizati

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Liu, J., S. M. Colburn, R. L. Ornberg, and J. R. Ebner. "Studies of surface and structural heterogeneity of carbon supports and carbon-supported catalysts." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100138464.

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Activated carbons are generally used as support materials for precious metal catalysts. Properties of carbon that are important to catalyst preparation and application include composition, surface area, microstructure and pore shape and size distribution. Macropores (> 50 nm), mesopores (2-50 nm) and micropores (<2 nm) generally coexist in activated carbons. The accessibility of metal particles dispersed in microporous systems is of predominant importance, especially for large molecules that exhibit slow diffusion transport in narrow pores. It is desirable to have metal particles highly

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30

Bandosz, T. J. "Importance of Carbon Porosity for Energy-Related Applications." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 21, no. 3 (2019): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj859.

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Nanoporous carbons have many advantages over other adsorbents. This includes their high surface area, pore volume and also conductivity of a carbon matrix. The latter is very important for electrocatalysis. In recent years carbon materials have gained a lot of attention as metal-free catalysts. Their catalytic centers have been linked mainly to nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms incorporated to the carbon matrix. So far, the research efforts have focused mainly on nanoforms of carbons such a graphene and carbon nanotube (CNT). Inspired by those results, we have performed CO2 and O2 electroreducti

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31

Jang, Kil-Chan, and Tae-Gyu Kim. "Tribological Characteristics of Si-Diamond-Like Carbon Films in a Condition with Carbon Nanotube Ink Lubricant." Korean Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 3 (2011): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3740/mrsk.2011.21.3.149.

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32

Liu, Zhouhan, and Shigang Shen. "Evaluation methods, progress and prospect of carbon budget system under dual carbon background." Information 26, no. 1 (2023): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47880/inf2601-03.

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In September 2020, China declared to it to achieve carbon peaks by 2030 and carbon neutralization by 2060. Based on the literature review, this paper analyzes the current status of the carbon revenue and expenditure system. It expouds on the methods and progress of the carbon revenue and expenditure system. On this basis, some suggestions are put forward from four aspects: primary data, accounting methods, and technical means. The current research progress and existing problems were reviewed, and suggestions for future research ideas were put forward, in order to provide a methodology referenc

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33

Zamolodchikov, Dmitry. "Carbon Cycle and Climate Change." Journal of Environmental Earth and Еnergy Study (JEEES), no. 2021-02 (July 13, 2021): 53–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5094590.

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The article presents an interview of the deputy editor-in-chief of the journal Environmental, Earth and Energy Study K. Degtyarev with a Doctor of Biological Sciences, Chief Researcher of the Center for Ecology and Forest Productivity of Russian Academy of Sciences Dmitry Zamolodchikov. Topics under discussion: carbon balance in the environment and methods for its assessment, causes of climate change, observation of greenhouse gas emissions, creation of carbon polygons and farms in Russia.

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Liu, Gui Yang, Yan Nan Li, Jun Ming Guo, and Bao Sen Wang. "Porous Carbon Prepared by a Template-Like Method Using Non-Porous Pumice Mineral as Template." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 1028–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.1028.

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Porous carbons have been prepared by a template-like method using non-porous pumice mineral as a “template”, and sucrose and furfuralcohol as carbon sources. Nitrogen adsorption and scanning electric microscope (SEM) have been used to investigate the pore structure and morphology of the samples. The study results indicate that the surface areas of the carbons prepared from sucrose and furfuralcohol are 208 and 268 m2/g, respectively. The carbon prepared from sucrose is microporous, and the carbon prepared from furfuralcohol is a carbon with both micropores and mesopores.

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35

Omale, PE, KE Osioyibo, SO Okeniyi, MM Adeyemi, and S. Garba. "Chemical and Thermal Modification of Okaba Coal for Increased Surface and Adsorption Properties." Chemistry Research Journal 2, no. 3 (2017): 29–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13954887.

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Activated carbon produced from Okaba coal was modified using potassium hydroxide and phosphoric acid. The effect of this chemical modification was studied using carbon tetrachloride adsorption. Characterization of the activated carbons using scanning electron microscopy and FTIR analysis showed a greater development of porosity obtained by the modified activated carbons and the FTIR spectra displayed bands confirming the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and carbonyl functional groups. The predicted influence of chemical modification on activated carbon surface for carbon tetrachloride uptake and

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36

Liu, Yujia, Edmund Lau, Dario Mager, Marc J. Madou, and Maziar Ghazinejad. "Distinct Roles of Tensile and Compressive Stresses in Graphitizing and Properties of Carbon Nanofibers." Micromachines 12, no. 9 (2021): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12091096.

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It is generally accepted that inducing molecular alignment in a polymer precursor via mechanical stresses influences its graphitization during pyrolysis. However, our understanding of how variations of the imposed mechanics can influence pyrolytic carbon microstructure and functionality is inadequate. Developing such insight is consequential for different aspects of carbon MEMS manufacturing and applicability, as pyrolytic carbons are the main building blocks of MEMS devices. Herein, we study the outcomes of contrasting routes of stress-induced graphitization by providing a comparative analysi

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Kwon, Eunkwang, Soohyung Park, and Wontae Lee. "Comparison of Coal-, Coconut-, and Wood-Based Activated Carbons for Removal of Organic Matters in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 43, no. 4 (2021): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2021.43.4.257.

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Objectives : This study investigated the removal of dissolved organic materials by coal-, coconut-, and wood-based activated carbons to assess the addition of an activated carbon process to a publicly owned treatment works (POTW).Methods : We assessed the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) by each process in the POTW, and examined the removal of TOC and UVA254 upon adding different amounts of coal-, coconut- and wood-based activated carbons (50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L) with various contact time (10, 20, 30, 60, 120 min).Results and Discussion : Approximately 80% of TOC was removed thro

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38

Best, Steven, Jake B. Wasley, Carla de Tomas, Alireza Aghajamali, Irene Suarez-Martinez, and Nigel A. Marks. "Evidence for Glass Behavior in Amorphous Carbon." C — Journal of Carbon Research 6, no. 3 (2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c6030050.

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Amorphous carbons are disordered carbons with densities of circa 1.9–3.1 g/cc and a mixture of sp2 and sp3 hybridization. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we simulate diffusion in amorphous carbons at different densities and temperatures to investigate the transition between amorphous carbon and the liquid state. Arrhenius plots of the self-diffusion coefficient clearly demonstrate that there is a glass transition rather than a melting point. We consider five common carbon potentials (Tersoff, REBO-II, AIREBO, ReaxFF and EDIP) and all exhibit a glass transition. Although the glass-transit

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39

López-Coca, Ignacio M., Silvia Izquierdo, Guadalupe Silvero, and Carlos J. Durán-Valle. "Sustainable Carbon-Based Materials as Heterogeneous Catalysts in Solvent-Free Acetylation Reactions." Proceedings 9, no. 1 (2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-22-05685.

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The catalytic activity of six different carbons was tested in the solvent-free acetylation reaction of alcohols, phenols, and monosaccharides with acetic anhydride. Three commercial carbons—a basic activated carbon M (Merck KGaA), a moderately basic carbon gel X (Xerolutions S.L.), and an activated carbon N (Norit Netherland B.V.)—were studied. From these commercial carbons, three acidic activated carbons—M-S, X-S, and N-S—were obtained by treatment with sulfuric acid. All six carbons were characterized by means of nitrogen adsorption capacity, porosimetry, elemental organic analysis, X-ray ph

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40

Nkiawete, Mpila Makiesse, and Randy Vander Wal. "Thermo-Catalytic Decomposition Comparisons: Carbon Catalyst Structure, Hydrocarbon Feed and Regeneration." Catalysts 13, no. 10 (2023): 1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13101382.

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Thermo-catalytic decomposition (TCD) activity and stability depend upon the initial carbon catalyst structure. However, further transitions in the carbon structure depend on the carbon material (structure and composition) originating from the TCD process. In this article, reaction data are presented that illustrates the time-dependent TCD activity as TCD-formed carbon contributes and then dominates conversion. A variety of initial carbon catalysts are compared, including sugar char, a conductive carbon black (AkzoNobel Ketjenblack), a rubber-grade carbon black (Cabot R250), and its graphitized

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41

Dobrevski, I., and L. Zvezdova. "Biological Regeneration of Activated Carbon." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (1989): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0017.

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This paper reports the results of investigations into the effect of activated carbon pore structure on the process of carbon regeneration. The suitability of several different commercial activated carbons for biological regeneration was investigated. The pore volume, pore radii, and surface area of the carbons were determined by mercury intrusion and BET methods. The adsorption capacities of the carbons were measured in completely mixed batch reactor systems. Heterogeneous micro-organism cultures and crude cell extract were used for bioregeneration of the carbons. The comparative adsorption an

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Sen, Rahul, R. Sumathy, and C. N. R. Rao. "Diamond-graphite hybrids and the nature of amorphous carbon and diamond-like carbon." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 10 (1995): 2531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.2531.

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The nature of amorphous carbon has been explored by molecular mechanics by examining the structures of species such as C84Hx and C150Hx, wherein the percentage of sp3 carbons is progressively increased in a graphitic network. The nature of diamond-like carbon has been similarly investigated by examining the structures of C84Hx and C102Hx where the percentage of sp2 carbons is varied in an sp3 network. The dependence of the average coordination number as well as the sp3/sp2 atom ratio on the atom fraction of hydrogen has been investigated in light of the random covalent network model.

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Khasanova, G., A. Talipbek-kyzy, K. Kasymov, K. Tolokov, and M. Tagaev. "Technology for Producing Composite Nano-structured Material Based on Natural Resources of the KR." Bulletin of Science and Practice 10, no. 2 (2024): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/99/35.

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The history of development and current state of the coal sector of Kyrgyzstan is considered. The possibilities of obtaining carbon nanomaterials from carbons, such as carbon nanotubes, nanofibers, sphere particles, graphene, graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots and carbon dots, are analyzed. The optimal moisture content and density of low-dimensional carbon powder were determined. A special mold was used to produce a composite from carbon powders.

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Liu, Yang, Jiareng Chen, Bin Cui, Pengfei Yin, and Chao Zhang. "Design and Preparation of Biomass-Derived Carbon Materials for Supercapacitors: A Review." C 4, no. 4 (2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c4040053.

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The synthesis and application of biomass-derived carbon in energy storage have drawn increasing research attention due to the ease of fabrication, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of the meso/microporous carbon produced from various biological precursors, including plants, fruits, microorganisms, and animals. Compared to the artificial nanostructured carbons, such as fullerene, carbon nanotube and graphene, the biomass-derived carbons may obtain superior capacitance, rate performance and stability in supercapacitor applications ascribing to their intrinsic nanoporous and hierarchical str

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Liu, Lei, Chang-Ce Ke, Tian-Yi Ma, and Yun-Pei Zhu. "When Carbon Meets CO2: Functional Carbon Nanostructures for CO2 Utilization." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 6 (2019): 3148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16590.

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Major fossil fuel consumption associated with CO2 emission and socioeconomic instability has received much concern within the global community regarding the long-term sustainability and security of these commodities. The capture, sequestration, and conversion of CO2 emissions from flue gas are now becoming familiar worldwide. Nanostructured carbonaceous materials with designed functionality have been extensively used in some key CO2 exploitation processes and techniques, because of their excellent electrical conductivity, chemical/mechanical stability, adjustable chemical compositions, and abu

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Richter, Scarlet, Dagmar Haase, Makki Mohsen, and Kolja Thestorf. "Carbon Pools of Berlin, Germany: Organic Carbon in Soils and Aboveground in Trees." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 54 (July 6, 2020): 126777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126777.

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The emission of climate-relevant gases, especially carbon dioxide, is often associated with urban areas. However, cities have accumulated organic carbon in their soils and vegetation over centuries and offer important ecosystem services for the city through carbon storage. The aim of this study is to estimate the total carbon storage of the central European city of Berlin by combining the organic carbon (C<sub>org</sub>) stored in soils and the carbon found in aboveground biomass. We used 432 soil samples that were taken across 18 different land uses in order to estimate the carbon content for

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Nabih, Meryem Hajji, Hamza Boulika, Maryam Elhajam, Noureddine Idrissi Kandri, and Abdelaziz Zerouale. "Synthesis of an Activated Carbon Based on Cardoon Waste and its Comparison to a Commercial Carbon in Terms of Physicochemical Characterization and Organic Dye Adsorption Performance." Key Engineering Materials 954 (August 31, 2023): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-wyfpo4.

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The present study aims to evaluate the possibility of using low-cost adsorbents based on Cardoon waste for the depollution of industrial effluents. After characterization of the raw cardoon waste [1], the carbonization was carried out at 350 °C in a muffle furnace. In order to show the performance of the method used to prepare this activated carbon (PC), a comparative study with a commercial carbon (CC) is performed. The obtained activated carbon and the commercial carbon were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy coupled with EDX, X-ray diffraction, Fourier

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RATNA, CHAKRABORTI (née DASGUPTA), DEB SOUMITRA та RANJAN GHATAK USHA. "Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes by 1,3-Carbonyl Transposition through One Carbon Homologation. Part 2". Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 62, Nov 1985 (1985): 883–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6325146.

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Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Calcutta-700 082 The easily accessible 2-(diethoxymethyl)-6-methoxy-1-tetralone (1) on condensation with methylmagnesium iodide and benzylmagnesium chloride followed by treatment with BF<sub>3</sub>.Et<sub>2</sub>O affords 6-methoxy-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2-naphthaldehyde (2) and 1-benzyl-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2-naphthaldehyde (3), respectively. The carbinols derived from the reaction of 2-(diethoxymethyl)-1-indanones (4a-4c) with methyllithium undergo smooth transformations to the respective 3-met

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Islam, M. Nurul, Jahid Sarker, Ayesha Khatton, et al. "Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon Prepared from Jute Stick Charcoal for Industrial Uses." Scholars International Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences 5, no. 3 (2022): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijcms.2022.v05i03.003.

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Activated Carbons (ACs) were prepared from jute stick charcoal by chemical activation using H2SO4 and H3PO4 ranging temperature from 3000C to 3500. The activated carbons and charcoal prepared from jute sticks were characterized by evaluating the surface chemistry, structural features and surface morphology. The properties of the carbons were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Brunauer – Emmett-Teller (BET), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and the FT-IR method. The jute sticks were converted to activated carbons with the highest surface area (135–245m2/g) and largest mesopores volume

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Kim, Hyun-Chul, and Seong Huh. "Porous Carbon-Based Supercapacitors Directly Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks." Materials 13, no. 18 (2020): 4215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184215.

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Numerously different porous carbons have been prepared and used in a wide range of practical applications. Porous carbons are also ideal electrode materials for efficient energy storage devices due to their large surface areas, capacious pore spaces, and superior chemical stability compared to other porous materials. Not only the electrical double-layer capacitance (EDLC)-based charge storage but also the pseudocapacitance driven by various dopants in the carbon matrix plays a significant role in enhancing the electrochemical supercapacitive performance of porous carbons. Since the electrochem

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