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Journal articles on the topic 'Carbonate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Rouillé, Gaël, Johannes Schmitt, Cornelia Jäger, and Thomas Henning. "Gas-phase Condensation of Carbonated Silicate Grains." Astrophysical Journal 966, no. 2 (2024): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad381d.

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Abstract Reports on the detection of carbonates in planetary nebulae (PNe) and protostars have suggested the existence of a mechanism that produces these compounds in stellar winds and outflows. A subsequent laboratory study has reported a possible mechanism by presenting the non-thermodynamic-equilibrium (TE), gas-phase condensation of amorphous silicate grains with amorphous calcium carbonate inclusions. The authors concluded that water vapor was necessary for the formation of the carbonates. We present a laboratory study with pulsed laser ablation of a MgSi target in O2 and CO2 gases and re

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2

Yaxley, Gregory M., Bruce A. Kjarsgaard, and A. Lynton Jaques. "Evolution of Carbonatite Magmas in the Upper Mantle and Crust." Elements 17, no. 5 (2021): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/gselements.17.5.315.

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Carbonatites are the most silica-poor magmas known and are amongst Earth’s most enigmatic igneous rocks. They crystallise to rocks dominated by the carbonate minerals calcite and dolomite. We review models for carbonatite petrogenesis, including direct partial melting of mantle lithologies, exsolution from silica-undersaturated alkali silicate melts, or direct fractionation of carbonated silicate melts to carbonate-rich residual melts. We also briefly discuss carbonatite–mantle wall-rock reactions and other processes at mid-to upper crustal depths, including fenitisation, overprinting by carbo

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3

Korinevsky, V. G., and E. V. Korinevsky. "Isotopic evidences of magmatic nature of the dolomite-calcite bodies of the Ilmeny Mountains and the Plastovsky district of the South Urals." Vestnik of Geosciences 11 (2020): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/geov.2020.11.1.

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The data obtained for the first time on the isotopic composition of oxygen and carbon of calcites and graphites of dolomitecalcite rocks of the Ilmeny Mountains and dykes of a similar composition in the Plastovsky district have confirmed their magmatic genesis. The temperature of formation of carbonate bodies (590—1000 °Ñ), determined from the isotopic ratios of C and O in calcite and graphite, corresponds to the temperature range (600—900 °Ñ) of the formation of carbonatite associations. According to the same ratios of isotopes in calcites, the protoliths of carbonate rocks are located within

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4

Tang, Guowang, Feng Huang, Guihe Wang, et al. "Valorization of Water-Based Drill Cuttings through the Bio-Carbonation Approach." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022 (May 6, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3836863.

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This study proposed a novel bio-carbonation method to recycle water-based drill cutting (WDC) to prepare samples, which contains reactive magnesia (MgO) cement (RMC), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and fly ash (FA), with the adoption of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). Through the investigation of some parameters (i.e., GGBS content, FA content, and curing time), the microstructures and strength development of bio-carbonated RMC-based WDC samples were evaluated. The preliminary results revealed that bio-carbonated RMC-based WDC samples outperformed the control

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Nikiforov, Anatoly V., Elena O. Dubinina, Nikolay A. Polyakov, Amina M. Sugorakova, and Aylan K. Khertek. "Influence of Host Marble Rocks on the Formation of Intrusive Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of Sangilen (E. Siberia, Russia)." Minerals 11, no. 7 (2021): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11070666.

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The study of the O and C isotope composition of calcite from nepheline syenites, ijolites and carbonatites of the Chik intrusion and the intrusions of the Erzin–Tarbagatay group of Sangilen (Eastern Siberia, Russia) showed derivation from alkaline melts enriched with a carbonate component from the host marbleized sedimentary rocks. The calculations showed that about 40% of the initial mass of carbonates involved in the interaction with silicate melts have remained after decarbonation. During the assimilation of the carbonate, an oxygen isotope exchange took place between the residual carbonate

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6

Xiang, Wanli, Jan-Peter Duda, Andreas Pack, Mark van Zuilen, and Joachim Reitner. "Were early Archean carbonate factories major carbon sinks on the juvenile Earth?" Biogeosciences 21, no. 24 (2024): 5653–84. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-5653-2024.

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Abstract. Paleoarchean carbonates in the Pilbara Craton (Western Australia) are important archives for life and environment on early Earth. Amongst others, carbonates occur in interstitial spaces of ca. 3.5–3.4 Ga pillow basalts (North Star, Mount Ada, Apex, and Euro Basalt, Dresser Formation) and are associated with bedded deposits (Dresser and Strelley Pool Formation, Euro Basalt). This study aims to understand the formation and geobiological significance of those early Archean carbonates by investigating their temporal–spatial distribution, petrography, mineralogy, and geochemistry (e.g., t

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El Howayek, Alain, Antonio Bobet, and Marika Santagata. "Microstructure and cementation of two carbonatic fine-grained soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56, no. 3 (2019): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0059.

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This paper presents an investigation of the microstructure and cementation of two carbonatic fine-grained soils obtained from a deposit of lacustrine origin formed during the Wisconsin glaciation. The two soils differ in the degree of cementation (with average total carbonate contents of ∼55% and ∼38%), the dominating carbonate mineral (calcite versus dolomite), and the forms of carbonates present. The study is founded on observations of the microstructure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry, and examination of the effects of carbon

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8

Casola, Valentin, Lydéric France, Albert Galy, Nordine Bouden, and Johan Villeneuve. "No evidence for carbon enrichment in the mantle source of carbonatites in eastern Africa." Geology 48, no. 10 (2020): 971–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g47629.1.

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Abstract Carbonatites are unusual, carbon-rich magmas thought to form either by the melting of a carbon-rich mantle source or by low-degree partial melting of a carbon-poor (&lt;80 ppm C) mantle followed by protracted differentiation and/or immiscibility. Carbonate-bearing mantle xenoliths from Oldoinyo Lengai (East African Rift), the only active volcano erupting carbonatites, have provided key support for a C-rich mantle source. Here, we report unique microscale O and C isotopic analyses of those carbonates, which are present as interstitial grains in the silicate host lava, veins in the

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Jorge Pinto, André, Nuria Sánchez-Pastor, and Angeles Fernández-González. "The Controlling Effect of CaCO3 Supersaturation over Zn Carbonate Assemblages: Co-Crystallization in Silica Hydrogel." Minerals 14, no. 12 (2024): 1274. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14121274.

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Weathering products of sphalerite-bearing ores play an important role in controlling the fate of Zn in the environment. In this framework, the relative stability of Zn carbonates is of special relevance for the common case of ore weathering by carbonated groundwater in the presence of calcium carbonates. We investigated the experimental (co)nucleation and growth of Zn and Ca carbonates at 25 °C in finite double diffusion silica hydrogel media with the purpose of deciphering the system’s reactive pathway and unraveling the major governing factors behind the obtained mineral assemblages. The cry

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10

Clarke, M. G. C., and B. Roberts. "Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation." Geological Magazine 123, no. 6 (1986): 683–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800024195.

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AbstractHoma Mountain is a well developed ijolite/carbonatite complex of Miocene to Quaternary age. Late stage olivine melilitite occurs as a satellite plug, parts of which show strong deuteric alteration to carbonate resulting in complete pseudomorphing of the melilite.A second satellite centre exposes a grey carbonate tuff and accompanying dykes, all of which exhibit relic textures after an elongate, rectangular mineral also formerly believed to be melilite. Comparison with other recently described occurrences indicates however that the second centre erupted alkali-carbonatite and that the c

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Georgieva, Hristiana, Rossen Nedialkov, Elitsa Stefanova, Georgi Milenkov, Ivan Krumov, and Neven Georgiev. "Preliminary data on the mineral chemistry of garnet from the skarn alteration associated with the Elatsite porphyry-copper gold deposit, Bulgaria." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 84, no. 3 (2023): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.31.

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The skarn alteration is poorly preserved at the Elatsite, restricted to the hornfelses from the East, Southeast and Southern part of the deposit. The rocks are defined as exoskarns, with a mineral composition including garnets, epidote, pyroxene, amphiboles, carbonates, prehnite, quartz, sulphides. The newly formed minerals occur in poorly preserved layers. The garnet grains are subhedral with inclusions of epidote and quartz, while some of them are corrode with carbonate and zeolites formed in the fractures. The garnets are grossular-andradite type, with higher values for HREE over LREE, and

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12

Thaler, Caroline, Amandine Katz, Magali Bonifacie, Bénédicte Ménez, and Magali Ader. "Oxygen isotope composition of waters recorded in carbonates in strong clumped and oxygen isotopic disequilibrium." Biogeosciences 17, no. 7 (2020): 1731–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1731-2020.

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Abstract. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions, which are mainly retrieved from oxygen isotope (δ18O) and clumped isotope (Δ47) compositions of carbonate minerals, are compromised when carbonate precipitation occurs in isotopic disequilibrium. To date, knowledge of these common isotopic disequilibria, known as vital effects in biogenic carbonates, remains limited, and the potential information recorded by δ18O and Δ47 offsets from isotopic equilibrium values is largely overlooked. Additionally, in carbonates formed in isotopic equilibrium, the use of the carbonate δ18O signature as a paleothermo

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13

Weidner, Victoria L., Molly C. Carney, Demetra V. Schermerhorn, Jill D. Pasteris, and Claude H. Yoder. "A-type substitution in carbonated strontium fluor-, chlor- and hydroxylapatites." Mineralogical Magazine 79, no. 2 (2015): 399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2015.079.2.17.

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AbstractCarbonated strontium fluor-, hydroxyl- and chlorapatites (carbonated Sr10(PO4)6X2 = CSrApX, where X= OH, Cl and F) were synthesized in aqueous solution. The substitution mode of carbonate was determined from infrared (IR) stretching frequencies for carbonate and from the variation in unit-cell axial lengths as a function of carbonate content. The a-axis lengths of CSrApF and CSrApCl decrease, whereas the a-axis length of CSrApOH increases slightly with increasing carbonate substitution. The carbonate IR stretching region from ∼1390 to 1590 cm–1 contains two doublets for both CSrApOH an

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14

Алиев, А. Р., И. Р. Ахмедов, М. Г. Какагасанов та З. А. Алиев. "Колебательные спектры ионно-молекулярных кристаллов карбонатов в предпереходной области вблизи структурных фазовых переходов". Журнал технической физики 127, № 9 (2019): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2019.09.48196.104-19.

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Molecular relaxation processes in lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and potassium carbonate (K2CO3) were studied by Raman spectroscopy. It has been established that in crystalline carbonates Li2CO3, Na2CO3 and K2CO3, the structural phase transition of the first kind is stretched (diffuse phase transition). The existence of the pretransition region in the studied carbonates Li2CO3, Na2CO3 and K2CO3 was found.

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15

Sieber, Melanie J., Max Wilke, Oona Appelt, Marcus Oelze, and Monika Koch-Müller. "Melting relations of Ca–Mg carbonates and trace element signature of carbonate melts up to 9 GPa – a proxy for melting of carbonated mantle lithologies." European Journal of Mineralogy 34, no. 5 (2022): 411–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ejm-34-411-2022.

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Abstract. The most profound consequences of the presence of Ca–Mg carbonates (CaCO3–MgCO3) in the Earth's upper mantle may be to lower the melting temperatures of the mantle and control the melt composition. Low-degree partial melting of a carbonate-bearing mantle produces CO2-rich, silica-poor melts compositionally imposed by the melting relations of carbonates. Thus, understanding the melting relations in the CaCO3–MgCO3 system facilitates the interpretation of natural carbonate-bearing silicate systems. We report the melting relations of the CaCO3–MgCO3 system and the partition coefficient

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16

Baudin, François, Nicolas Bouton, Adrien Wattripont, and Xavier Carrier. "Carbonates thermal decomposition kinetics and their implications in using Rock-Eval^® analysis for carbonates identification and quantification." Science and Technology for Energy Transition 78 (2023): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/stet/2023038.

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In 2014, Pillot et al. [Identification and quantification of carbonate species using Rock-Eval pyrolysis, Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP 69, 341–349. https://doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2012036] proposed to use the Rock-Eval® method as a reliable tool to identify and quantify carbonates in solid samples from the CO2 flux emitted by their progressive thermal decomposition during programmed heating under oxidant atmosphere. Nevertheless, several phenomena associated with the thermal decomposition of carbonates were not explained by these authors. This paper attempts to explain these phenomena by addi

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17

Demény, Attila, László Rinyu, Péter Németh, et al. "Bacterial and abiogenic carbonates formed in caves–no vital effect on clumped isotope compositions." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0245621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245621.

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Speleothems (dominated by cave-hosted carbonate deposits) are valuable archives of paleoclimate conditions. As such, they are potential targets of clumped isotope analyses that may yield quantified data about past temperature variations. Clumped isotope analyses of stalagmites, however, seldom provide useful temperature values due to various isotope fractionation processes. This study focuses on the determination of the microbially induced vital effect, i.e., the isotope fractionation processes related to bacterial carbonate production. A cave site with biologically mediated amorphous calcium

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18

Chandra, Jyoti, Debajyoti Paul, Andreas Stracke, François Chabaux, and Mathieu Granet. "The Origin of Carbonatites from Amba Dongar within the Deccan Large Igneous Province." Journal of Petrology 60, no. 6 (2019): 1119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egz026.

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Abstract There are disparate views about the origin of global rift- or plume-related carbonatites. The Amba Dongar carbonatite complex, Gujarat, India, which intruded into the basalts of the Deccan Large Igneous Province (LIP), is a typical example. On the basis of new comprehensive major and trace element and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope data, we propose that low-degree primary carbonated melts from off-center of the Deccan–Réunion mantle plume migrate upwards and metasomatize part of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). Low-degree partial melting (∼2%) of this metasomatized SCLM source generat

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Kovaleva, Elena, Maxim Shabanov, Valery Putlyaev, Yury Tretyakov, Vladimir Ivanov, and Nikolay Silkin. "Bioresorbable carbonated hydroxyapatite Ca10−xNax(PO4)6−x(CO3)x(OH)2 powders for bioactive materials preparation." Open Chemistry 7, no. 2 (2009): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-009-0018-y.

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AbstractThe purpose of this work was to find and investigate a correlation between the carbonate ion content in crystalline lattice and defect structure, and solubility of the materials; finally, to prepare the materials under study for in vitro tests. Various techniques, such as XRD, FTIR, TEM, FESEM/EDX, TG/DTA, AES (ICP), wet chemical analysis, Ca-ionometry, microvolumetric analysis of evolved CO2, BET adsorption, were applied to determine the efficiency of carbonate substitution, and to quantify the elemental composition, as well as to characterize the structure of the carbonated hydroxyap

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Sønju Clasen, A. B., and I. E. Ruyter. "Quantitative Determination of Type A and Type B Carbonate in Human Deciduous and Permanent Enamel by Means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry." Advances in Dental Research 11, no. 4 (1997): 523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374970110042101.

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Caries progression has been shown to be faster in the deciduous than in the permanent dentition. Several factors influence caries progression. Among these are variations in the chemical composition of the two enamel types. The carbonate ion is known to occupy two different positions in the hydroxyapatite structure of the enamel, the hydroxide position (A) and the phosphate position (B). Carbonate may be of different chemical importance in the two lattice positions. In the present study, a quantitative determination of the carbonate in the two different positions (type A and type B) in deciduou

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Harbar, Vladyslav, and Andriy Lisovskiy. "Carbonations and carbonate profile forming processes of rendzinas of the Podilski Tovtry." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 51 (December 27, 2017): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2017.51.8741.

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The peculiarities of content and profile distribution of carbonates in rendzinas and soil-forming rocks of the Podilski Tovtry are investigated. It has been determined that the predominant process of weathering of carbonate rocks is a chemical dissolution, in which carbonates are converted into bicarbonates and, in the case of washing water regime, are applied from the soil (the process of decarbonization) and mechanical grinding and destruction of the remaining carbonate inclusions in the process of soil cultivation. The dissolution of carbonate rocks causes accumulation in the soil profile o

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Wöckel, L., A. Seifert, C. Mende, I. Roth-Panke, L. Kroll, and S. Spange. "Resin and carbon foam production by cationic step-growth polymerization of organic carbonates." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 2 (2017): 404–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py01572g.

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Acid induced step-growth polymerizations of bis(p-methoxybenzyl) carbonate (pMBC), bis(m-methoxybenzyl) carbonate (mMBC) and difurfuryl carbonate (DFC) have been performed to produce resin-foams, because controlled release of carbon dioxide takes place during polymerization of those organic carbonates.

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Indran, Vidhyaa Paroo, Anisah Sajidah Haji Saud, Gaanty Pragas Maniam, Mashitah Mohd Yusoff, Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap, and Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim. "Versatile boiler ash containing potassium silicate for the synthesis of organic carbonates." RSC Advances 6, no. 41 (2016): 34877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra26286k.

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Boiler ash containing potassium silicate (BA 900) and potassium silicate (K<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>) were proven to be feasible Lewis acid catalysts for the synthesis of different organic carbonates (glycerol carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate).

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Yin, Gongming, Chunru Liu, Renmao Yuan, Fei Han, Rui Ding, and Jean-Jacques Bahain. "ESR Chronology of Bedrock Fault Activity in Carbonate Area: Preliminary Results from the Study of the Lijiang-Xiaojinhe Fault, Southeastern Tibet, China." Geochronometria 48, no. 1 (2021): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geochr-2020-0033.

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Abstract Carbonated rocks constitute one of the main lithologies of the southeastern Tibet area, China, a tectonically very active zone. However, due to the lack of suitable dating materials, it is difficult to carry out chronological studies of the local tectonic evolution in such carbonate areas. In the present study, electron spin resonance (ESR) method had been applied on the dating of carbonates heated during fault activity of the Lijiang-Xiaojinhe (LX) Fault, an important active fault located in the northwest of Yunnan Province. Clear displaced landforms show that the fault has undergone

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Karrow, P. F., and R. S. Geddes. "Drift carbonate on the Canadian Shield." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 2 (1987): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-036.

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Carbonates occur in the drift over large areas of the Precambrian Shield in Ontario. Paleozoic carbonates were transported by glaciers from the Hudson Bay Lowland and from Manitoba. Local sources in Precambrian rocks also contribute carbonate. A carbonate line corresponding approximately to the Nipigon and Chapleau moraines delimits high–carbonate drift to the north and may represent a significant ice marginal position or readvance about 9500 BP.Shield drift carbonates suggest that there are potential errors in radiocarbon dating of fine organic sediment (old carbon error); that there is a rel

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Arefiev, Anton V., Anton Shatskiy, Altyna Bekhtenova, and Konstantin D. Litasov. "Phonolite-Carbonatite Liquid Immiscibility at 3–6 GPa." Minerals 13, no. 3 (2023): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13030443.

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Liquid immiscibility plays an important role in the formation of carbonatites and associated alkaline Si-undersaturated magmas. Experiments in the sodium carbonate-aluminosilicate systems suggest that the carbonate-silicate miscibility gap is limited by crustal and shallow mantle pressures (up to 2.5 GPa). Unlike in the potassium-rich carbonate-aluminosilicate systems, the carbonate-silicate miscibility gap was established at pressures of 3.5–6 GPa. It is therefore interesting to elucidate the immiscibility range under intermediate pressures, corresponding to 100–200 km depths. Here we conduct

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Wang, Dunling, and Darwin W. Anderson. "Pedogenic carbonate in Chernozemic soils and landscapes of southeastern Saskatchewan." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 80, no. 2 (2000): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s99-063.

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The objective of this study was to characterize soil carbonates and estimate their accumulation by using a method based on δ13C values of soil carbonate in pedons and landscapes. Dark Brown Chernozem soils of the Amulet Association (with mixed C3 and C4 plants) and native Black Chernozem soils of the Oxbow Association (with a pure C3 plants) were included. Six soil samples representing the Cca and Ck horizons of the Oxbow and Amulet Associations were chosen for detailed pedogenic carbonate studies, which include particle size fractionation, mineralogical identification, surface morphology exam

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Litvinova, Tatiana, Stepan Gerasev, Vasiliy Sergeev, and Egor Lidanovskiy. "Rare Earth Metal Ion-Associates in Ln3+—CO32−—H2O System." Metals 15, no. 3 (2025): 239. https://doi.org/10.3390/met15030239.

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This study focused on the nature of rare earth metal complex compounds that can form during the carbonate–alkaline processing of industrial waste materials, such as phosphogypsum and red mud, at 70–100 °C and 1–10 atm. Experimental findings revealed that the dissolution of synthetic carbonates of rare earth elements (REEs) in a concentrated carbonate-ion medium (3 mol/L) leads to the formation of ion-associates of varying strengths. Light (lanthanum, praseodymium, and neodymium) and medium (samarium) REE groups exhibited a tendency to form loose ion-associates, whereas heavy REEs (terbium, dys

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Zhu, Qing Xia, Wei Hui Jiang, Chuan Shao, and Yi Bao. "Thermophysical and Mechanical Properties of Carbonated Hydroxyapatite." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 989–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.989.

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The carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) was synthesized by precipitation-calcination method. The influences of carbonate subsitution on high-temperature sintering, thermal expansion coefficient (CET) and flexural strength were investigated by the high-temperature dilatometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and universal testing machine. The results showed that the sintering temperatures of CHA were related to the initial carbonate contents. The sintering temperature decreased with increasing initial carbonate contents. The CET of CHAs decreased with the increase of carbonate content, due to th

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Glazov, I. E., V. K. Krut’ko, O. N. Musskaya, and A. I. Kulak. "Stabilization of the amorphous state of calcium carbonate-phosphates with phosphate ions." Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 66, no. 5 (2022): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8323-2022-66-5-501-508.

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Amorphous calcium carbonate-phosphate with a Ca/P ratio of 1.83 was precipitated from Ca2+, Ca2+, PO3–4, CO2-3 − containing solutions at pH 10 and stabilized by ethanol dehydration and followed by heating at 400 °C. The presence of PO3–4 ions in the structure of amorphous calcium carbonate-phosphate provides its increased resistance to transformation into crystalline phases. Aging in a Ca2+, PO3–4 , CO2-3 − containing mother solution at pH 10 for 4 days promotes the transformation of amorphous calcium carbonate-phosphate into amorphous calcium carbonate-phosphate / carbonated hydroxyapatite /

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Geluk, M. C. "Late Permian (Zechstein) carbonate-facies maps, the Netherlands." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 79, no. 1 (2000): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600021545.

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AbstractThe Late Permian Zechstein carbonates in the Southern Permian Basin were deposited under marine conditions. The carbonates form part of a largely progradational infill, with a gradual northward facies shift. The paleogeography of the Zechstein carbonate deposits has been reviewed recently on the base of well data, cores and publications. This has resulted in three updated maps of the carbonate units. These maps reflect the increase in knowledge of the palaeogeography of the Zechstein as a result of several decades of subsurface exploration. It is found that deposition of the carbonates

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Zhou, Jiancheng, Wu Dongfang, Birong Zhang, and Yali Guo. "Synthesis of propylene carbonate from urea and 1,2-propylene glycol over metal carbonates." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 17, no. 3 (2011): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq101123018z.

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A series of single-metal carbonates and Pb-Zn mixed-metal carbonates were prepared as catalysts for alcoholysis of urea with 1,2-propylene glycol (PG) for the synthesis of propylene carbonate (PC). The mixed carbonates all show much better catalytic activities than the single carbonates, arising from a strong synergistic effect between the two crystalline phases, hydrozincite and lead carbonate. The mixed carbonate with Pb/Zn=1:2 gives the highest yield of PC, followed by the mixed carbonate with Pb/Zn=1:3. Furthermore, Taguchi method was used to optimize the synthetic process for improving th

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Bright, Jordon, Chris Ebert, Matthew A. Kosnik, et al. "COMPARING DIRECT CARBONATE AND STANDARD GRAPHITE 14C DETERMINATIONS OF BIOGENIC CARBONATES." Radiocarbon 63, no. 2 (2021): 387–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2020.131.

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ABSTRACTThe direct carbonate procedure for accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14C) dating of submilligram samples of biogenic carbonate without graphitization is becoming widely used in a variety of studies. We compare the results of 153 paired direct carbonate and standard graphite 14C determinations on single specimens of an assortment of biogenic carbonates. A reduced major axis regression shows a strong relationship between direct carbonate and graphite percent Modern Carbon (pMC) values (m = 0.996; 95% CI [0.991–1.001]). An analysis of differences and a 95% confidence interval

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Azdarpour, Amin, Radzuan Junin, Mohammad Asadullah, Hossein Hamidi, Muhammad Manan, and Ahmad Rafizan Mohamad Daud. "Calcium Carbonate Production through Direct Mineral Carbon Dioxide Sequestration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 1020–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.1020.

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Mineral carbon dioxide sequestration provides a leakage free and permanent method of CO2 disposal to produce environmentally benign and stable solid carbonates. FGD gypsum as a source of calcium was proposed as the potential feedstock in this study. The purpose of this laboratory study was to investigate the effects of reaction parameters such as CO2 pressure, reaction temperature, particle size, and ammonia solution concentration on calcium carbonate purity through Merseburg process. Increasing the reaction temperature as well as the pressure was very effective in improving the calcium carbon

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Wei, Jiangong, Tingting Wu, Wei Zhang, et al. "Deeply Buried Authigenic Carbonates in the Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea: Implications for Ancient Cold Seep Activities." Minerals 10, no. 12 (2020): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10121135.

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Cold seep carbonates are important archives of pore water chemistry and ancient methane seepage activity. They also provide an important contribution to the global carbon sink. Seep carbonates at three sediment layers (3.0, 52.1, and 53.6 mbsf) were collected at site W08B in the Qiongdongnan Basin of the South China Sea. This study investigated the mineralogy, microstructure, stable carbon and oxygen isotopes, trace elements, and U-Th dates of these carbonates to identify the relationship between methane flux and authigenic carbonate precipitation. The results showed that the δ13C and δ18O val

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Shaikh, Abbas Alli G., and Swaminathan Sivaram. "Dialkyl and diaryl carbonates by carbonate interchange reaction with dimethyl carbonate." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 31, no. 4 (1992): 1167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00004a028.

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Suryana, Ecep, Lambok M. Hutasoit, Agus M. Ramdhan, Dwiharso Nugroho, and Arifin Arifin. "Pore Pressure and Compartmentalization of Carbonate Reservoirs in Northern Madura Platform - East Java Basin, Indonesia." Indonesian Journal on Geoscience 10, no. 3 (2023): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.10.3.297-307.

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Understanding pore pressure characteristics in carbonate reservoirs is essential, because it concerns all aspects of subsurface, drilling, and occupational safety, as well as the environment in oil and gas exploration and exploitation. In this study, the pore pressure regime and connectivity of the carbonate reservoir (compartmentalization) of Kujung and Ngimbang Formations in the northern Madura Platform of East Java Basin are characterized by utilizing direct pressure data and wireline logs from five wells. The result shows that both hydrostatic and slight overpressure conditions are found i

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Sun, Yuedong, Jörn Peckmann, Yu Hu, et al. "Formation of Tubular Carbonates within the Seabed of the Northern South China Sea." Minerals 10, no. 9 (2020): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10090768.

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A remarkable exposure of tubular authigenic carbonates was found on the seafloor in the Dongsha area of the South China Sea (SCS). The tubular carbonates, around 2–3 cm in diameter and usually less than 10 cm in length, represent broken fragments of once-larger pipes that now protrude from muddy sediments. The morphology, carbon and oxygen stable isotope compositions, and trace and rare earth element contents of the carbonates were analyzed to decipher the mode of carbonate formation. The tubular carbonates exhibit a dark brown coating of iron and manganese hydrous oxides, indicating prolonged

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Ren, Fu Zeng, and Yang Leng. "Carbonated Apatite, Type-A or Type-B?" Key Engineering Materials 493-494 (October 2011): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.293.

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Carbonated apatite, the basic mineral component in human hard tissues and an important bioceramic material, has been extensively studied. However, its atomic arrangements in apatite crystal structure and its experimental characterization are still not lack of debating. We analyzed infrared (IR) vibrational spectroscopy for carbonated apatite determinations, by comparatively studying the IR spectra of hydroxyapatite and of surface carbonate absorption, biological apatites (human enamel, human cortical bone, and two animal bones) and carbonated apatite. The carbonated apatite samples were sythes

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Bhatt, Mahesh Datt, Maenghyo Cho, and Kyeongjae Cho. "Density functional theory calculations for the interaction of Li+ cations and PF6– anions with nonaqueous electrolytes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 89, no. 12 (2011): 1525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v11-131.

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The interaction of lithium (Li+) cation and hexafluorophosphate (PF6–) anion with nonaqueous electrolytes is studied by using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6–311++G(d,p) level in the gas phase in terms of the coordination of Li+ and PF6– with these solvents. Ethylene carbonate (EC) coordinates with Li+ and PF6– most strongly and reaches the anode and cathode most easily because of its highest dielectric constant among all the solvent molecules, resulting in its preferential reduction on the anode and oxidation on the cathode. For cyclic carbonates EC and propylene carbonate (PC), the

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Alberto, Gutierrez Vega, Garroni Sebastiano, Stamatios Souentie, Cuesta Lopez Santiago, Iakovos Yakoumis, and Aparicio Martinez Santiago. "A Theoretical Study on Molten Alkali Carbonate Interfaces." Langmuir 34, no. 23 (2018): 13065–76. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02907.

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The properties and structure of relevant interfaces involving molten alkali carbonates are studied using molecular dynamics simulation. Lithium carbonate and the Li/Na/K carbonate eutectic mixture are considered. Gas phases composed of pure CO2 or a model flue gas mixture are analyzed. Similarly, the adsorption of these gas phases on graphene are studied, showing competitive CO2 and N2 adsorption that develops liquid-like layers and damped oscillation behavior for density. The interaction of the studied carbonates with graphene is also characterized by development of adsorption layers through

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Marinkovic, Goran, Petar Papic, Jana Stojkovic, and Veselin Dragisic. "Factors contributing to the formation of carbonated mineral water systems in Serbia." Annales g?ologiques de la Peninsule balkanique, no. 73 (2012): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gabp1273117m.

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There are more than 65 occurrences of carbonated mineral water (CMW) within the territory of Serbia. More than 93 % of these systems are found in the geotectonic unit referred to as the Vardar Zone and on the fringes of nearby units. To the east, west and north of the Vardar Zone, CMWs are either rare or nonexistent. The area featuring CMWs is characterized by Tertiary magmatism, a complex geology and deep neotectonic structures. Based on ?13C values of CO2 and HCO3 - in several CMWs in Serbia, and also in carbonates and CO2 from liquid inclusions in several hydrothermal deposits around the wo

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Bailey, K., M. Garson, S. Kearns, and A. P. Velasco. "Carbonate volcanism in Calatrava, central Spain: a report on the initial findings." Mineralogical Magazine 69, no. 6 (2005): 907–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461056960298.

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AbstractLate Tertiary-Quaternary volcanism around Calatrava, within the Hercynian massif of central Spain, is alkaline mafic-ultramafic, with ∼250 centres, mainly monogenetic cones and vents, with melilitite the most abundant eruptive. Carbonatite may be expected in association with melilitite and a clear example of magmatic carbonate emerged from a brief field reconnaissance. It is a vent filled with a mixed eruption of glassy melilitite lapilli in a carbonate matrix. Levels and profiles of trace elements are inseparable from recognized carbonatite, and totally unlike those in local sedimenta

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Pouhet, Raphaëlle, and Martin Cyr. "Studies of Natural and Accelerated Carbonation in Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer." Advances in Science and Technology 92 (October 2014): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.92.38.

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The carbonation of Portland-cement-based materials involves the reaction between atmospheric CO2 and calcium ions in the pore solution. The formation of calcium carbonate is responsible for a decrease in the pH of the pore solution from 12.5 to 9, thus leading to the depassivation of steel reinforcements and their possible corrosion, and can also lead to efflorescence (white crystals formed on the surface). In metakaolin-based geopolymer activated by sodium silicate, in which calcium is almost non-existent, the presence of CO2 will lead to the formation of sodium carbonates. Since geopolymer c

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Sadirov, M. Sh, and E. Sh Turobov. "Pedogenic carbonates in automorphic soils of the subtaiga zone of the southeastern part of Western Siberia." Vestnik of North-Eastern Federal University Series "Earth Sciences", no. 2 (June 10, 2025): 27–39. https://doi.org/10.25587/2587-8751-2025-1-27-39.

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Pedogenic carbonates are the main source of soil inorganic carbon, which plays an important role in the exchange of carbon between the soil and the atmosphere. Thus, it has an impact on global climate processes. In addition, this process further arouses interest in the study of carbonates because climate change is considered one of the urgent problems of our time [18]. The article presents the results of a study of pedogenic carbonates in automorphic soils of the subtaiga zone of the southeastern part of Western Siberia. The research was conducted in the south-east of Western Siberia (Tom-Yays

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Patel, Ashim Kumar, Biswajit Mishra, Dewashish Upadhyay, and Kamal Lochan Pruseth. "Mineralogical and Geochemical Evidence of Dissolution-Reprecipitation Controlled Hydrothermal Rare Earth Element Mineralization in the Amba Dongar Carbonatite Complex, Gujarat, Western India." Economic Geology 117, no. 3 (2022): 683–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4890.

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Abstract The Amba Dongar carbonatite complex in western India comprises an inner ring of carbonatite breccia surrounded by a sövite ring dike. The various carbonatite units in the body include calcite carbonatite, alvikite, dolomite carbonatite, and ankerite carbonatite. The carbonate phases (calcite and ankerite) occur as phenocrysts, groundmass phases, fresh primary grains, and partially altered grains and/or pseudomorphs when hydrothermally overprinted. Rare earth element (REE) enrichment in the groundmass/altered calcite grains compared to the magmatic ones is ascribed to the presence of m

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Rodina, Oksana A., Oleg S. Vereshchagin, Dmitry Yu Vlasov, et al. "Cyanobacterial Communities of Carbonate Sediments and Biomineralization in Peterhof Fountains’ Water Supply System, Russia." Minerals 11, no. 11 (2021): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11111199.

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The role of cyanobacterial communities in the formation of carbonate sediments (ancient and modern) is not completely clear. We studied the cyanobacterial communities connected with carbonate sediments of the freshwater bodies feeding the historical Peterhof fountains (Saint-Petersburg, Russia). Cyanobacterial communities were studied by metagenome analysis and optical microscopy. Carbonates associated with cyanobacterial communities (both in situ and in vitro) were studied by powder X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spect

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Kaniewski, Maciej, Marta Huculak-Mączka, Jakub Zieliński, Marcin Biegun, Krystyna Hoffmann, and Józef Hoffmann. "Crystalline Phase Transitions and Reactivity of Ammonium Nitrate in Systems Containing Selected Carbonate Salts." Crystals 11, no. 10 (2021): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11101250.

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Samples of pure ammonium nitrate (AN) and its mixtures with calcium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate and potassium carbonate were investigated with the use of differential thermal analysis with mass spectrometry, powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The main objective of the study was to determine the influence of selected carbonate materials on phase transitions of ammonium nitrate and to consider a possibility to use such potassium salts as fillers in fertilizer production. It was proven that all carbonate salts caused the absence of a phase transition that norma

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Popa, Monica, Mihai Anastasescu, Ioana Catalina Gifu, and Jose M. Calderon Moreno. "Hydrophobic Carbonate Coatings on Pure Biodegradable Mg by Immersion in Carbonated Water: Formation Mechanism." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (2022): 11674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211674.

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Mg is one of the few materials of choice for biodegradable implants, despite its rapid degradation when used without surface protection treatment. This study presents the effect of carbonation time on the formation of hydrophobic carbonate coatings grown on pure magnesium using a simple, green chemical conversion method in carbonated water. The evolution of the coating with immersion time in carbonating solution was studied in order to ascertain the mechanistic of coating formation by Raman and EDS spectroscopy, XRD, SEM and AFM microscopy. Wettability was investigated by contact angle measure

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Pasteris, J. D., C. H. Yoder, M. P. Sternlieb, and S. Liu. "Effect of carbonate incorporation on the hydroxyl content of hydroxylapatite." Mineralogical Magazine 76, no. 7 (2012): 2741–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2012.076.7.08.

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AbstractMechanisms for the incorporation of carbonate into minerals of the apatite group have been explored in both the geological and medical literature. An important problem with respect to biological apatite, which requires further clarification, is the hydroxyl content of the carbonated apatite of bone. Recent studies reveal bone apatite to contain only ∼20 mol.% of the hydroxyl content of stoichiometric hydroxylapatite, with negligible chloride or fluoride. We investigated the hypothesis that the development of vacancies in the hydroxyl channel sites is a charge-balancing mechanism for th

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