Academic literature on the topic 'Carbonated soils'
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Journal articles on the topic "Carbonated soils"
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MILLER, J. J., D. F. ACTON, and R. J. ST. ARNAUD. "THE EFFECT OF GROUNDWATER ON SOIL FORMATION IN A MORAINAL LANDSCAPE IN SASKATCHEWAN." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, no. 2 (1985): 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss85-033.
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The results of this study indicate the importance of groundwater flow and water table depth on the genesis, characteristics and distribution of soils within a hummocky morainal landscape. Non-saline and non-carbonated soils in upland depressions can be attributed to "depression-focused" recharge by snowmelt and snowmelt runoff in the spring, as evidenced by deep sola and/or eluvial horizons. Non-saline and carbonated soils on lower slopes adjacent to depressions are associated with local discharge and/or lateral flow from the adjacent groundwater mounds under the depressions in spring, as well as upward flow in the summer resulting from water use by phreatophytes such as willows, creating a water table depression around the slough fringes. Saline and carbonated soils at low elevations are associated with shallow and rather stable water tables, and local discharge from surrounding uplands. Soil types on uplands are more dependent on slope position and infiltration than on depth to water table or groundwater flow. Non-saline soils of different profile types occur on mid- and upper slope positions. These areas have a deep water table with mainly recharge or lateral flow occurring in the saturated zone. The infiltration of surface runoff water in upland depressions is the dominant factor influencing the distribution of soluble salts in this hummocky landscape. Key words: Water table, landscape position, recharge, discharge, soluble salts, soil genesis, morphology, carbonate soil
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Yi, Yaolin, Martin Liska, Cise Unluer, and Abir Al-Tabbaa. "Carbonating magnesia for soil stabilization." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 8 (2013): 899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0364.
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This paper investigates the potential for carbonating reactive magnesia (MgO) to serve as a more sustainable soil stabilization method by providing rapid and significant strength development of the stabilized soil through absorbing substantial quantities of CO2. Gaseous CO2 was forced through laboratory-prepared reactive MgO-treated soil samples in a triaxial cell set-up, and their resulting mechanical and microstructural properties were investigated using unconfined compressive strength, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that adequately carbonated MgO-treated soils could, in a few hours, reach a similar strength range to corresponding 28 day Portland cement (PC)-stabilized soils. Hydrated magnesium carbonates, namely nesquehonite and hydromagnesite–dypingite, were the main products of the carbonated MgO in the soil, and were responsible for the significant strength development.
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Shore, Margaret L., Harrison G. Hughes, Frank D. Moore, and Danny H. Smith. "170 DRIP IRRIGATION OF PLASTIC-MULCHED STRAWBERRY USING CARBONATED WATER-A GREENHOUSE STUDY." HortScience 29, no. 5 (1994): 453c—453. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.453c.
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Carbonated water (CW) application has enhanced yields of tomato. However, little is known about the mechanism of this response. Our objectives were to determine if strawberry would respond to CW application and the effect of soil pH modification on the expression of a yield response. Two different soils were used; a calcareous soil (5% CaCO3, pH 7.9), with a Zn content 0.8 ppm and a non-calcareous soil (< 1% CaCO3, pH 6.5) with a Zn content 8.8 ppm. The carbonated water temporarily lowered the pH of the calcareous soil to 6.7 and the non-calcareous soil to 5.9, at both extremes of the optimal range (6.0-6.7) for strawberry. Application of carbonated water increased production of marketable fruit as compared to the tap water control on both soils, and the magnitude of the response to CW was similar for both soils. Soil and water treatment effects on leaf tissue Zn levels will also be discussed.
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Gasanov, Vilayat, and Bahadur Ismailov. "Diagnostics and Soil Forming Characteristics of Alluvial-Meadow Soils of Ganykh-Ayrichay Valley, Azerbaijan." Natural Systems and Resources, no. 1 (July 2020): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nsr.jvolsu.2020.1.5.
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This study is devoted to the influence of ecological conditions on soil forming and improving the nomenclature of alluvial-meadow-forest soils in the flood plains of the subtropical forest-shrubby zone within Azerbaijan. On the basis of detailed soil mapping, the primary areal of soil units and the structure of soil cover were determined in the area of the Ganykh-Ayrichay valley. The spatial distribution of primary soil units, genetic features and diagnostic indexes (extend of bedding and development of the soil profile, thickness of the decomposedaccumulative layer, content of humus, total nitrogen, base saturation, particle size distribution, etc.) of stratified and typical suborders of alluvial-meadow-forest soils are identified. The turbidity and content of the weighted deposits of stream water is determined using regime-measurements. The weighted deposits contain a considerable amount of humus (1.2–1.8%) and its water soluble part, total nitrogen (0.09–0.13%) which significantly affects the morphogenetic diagnostics of the above described soils. The status of the humus content is characterized by a high activity, in which humic acid (15.3–20.8%) and fulvic acid (16.2–22.5%) dominate significantly, while the third fraction riches to 1.23–2.30% in the selective-group content. The ratio of Ch.a.:Cf.a. reaches to 0.88–0.93 in the leached soil profile (5.8–6.0), while reaching to 1.19–1.32 in carbonated soils (7.3–7.5). The total chemical composition of soils shows that the profile of leached soil is characterized by increasing the SiO2 (60.2–64.0%) content and sesquioxides (Al2O3=17.6–19.5%, Fe2O3=8.5–10.3%) and the carbonated suborders contain more CaO (7.1–9.2%). The active form of iron (Fe3+=182–496; Fe2+=56–123 mg 100 g soil) hints the insufficiency content in carbonated soils.
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Liu, Song-Yu, Guang-Hua Cai, Guang-Yin Du, Liang Wang, Jiang-Shan Li, and Xing-Chen Qian. "Field investigation of shallow soft-soil highway subgrade treated by mass carbonation technology." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 58, no. 1 (2021): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2020-0008.
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The innovative carbonation technique based on reactive MgO and CO2 has been identified as an environmentally friendly and efficient method in the improvement of weak soils. Previous laboratory studies have indicated that carbonated MgO-admixed soils had significant improvement in mechanical properties. However, there are to date limited investigations on the soft-soil field application of this technique. In this study, a field trial was conducted to ascertain the feasibility of the MgO mass carbonation technique in improving shallow soft-soil subgrades. A series of field tests, including temperature, dynamic cone penetrometer, and light-weight deflectometer tests, were undertaken. The results indicated that compared with uncarbonated soil layers, there was two to three times increase in dynamic resilient moduli and soil resistances of carbonated MgO-admixed soils. The outcomes of this field investigation will contribute to the utilization of the combined stabilizer of MgO and CO2 and the mass carbonation technology in subgrade improvement.
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Bouajila, A., and T. Gallali. "Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Aggregate Stability in Carbonated and No Carbonated Soils in Tunisia." Journal of Agronomy 7, no. 2 (2008): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ja.2008.127.137.
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Cai, G. H., Y. J. Du, S. Y. Liu, and D. N. Singh. "Physical properties, electrical resistivity, and strength characteristics of carbonated silty soil admixed with reactive magnesia." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 11 (2015): 1699–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0053.
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Soil electrical resistivity has been used quite extensively for assessing mechanical properties of chemically treated soils in the recent past. One of the most innovative applications of this technique could be in the field of ground improvement wherein carbonated reactive magnesia (MgO) is employed for treating soils. With this in view, a systematic study that targets the application of electrical resistivity to correlate physical and strength characteristics of the carbonated reactive MgO-admixed silty soil is initiated, and its details are presented in this manuscript. To achieve this, reactive MgO-admixed soils were carbonized by exposing them to CO2 for different durations, and subsequently their electrical resistivity and unconfined compressive strength were measured. In this context, the role of a parameter, the ratio of the initial water content of the virgin soil to reactive MgO content (designated as w0/c), has been highlighted. It has also been demonstrated that w0/c is able to correlate, uniquely and precisely, with the physicochemical parameters of the soils (viz., unit weight, water content at failure, porosity, degree of saturation, and soil pH), electrical resistivity, and unconfined compressive strength at various carbonation times. In addition, microstructural properties have been obtained from the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry analyses. These properties have been used to substantiate the findings related to the carbonation of the reactive MgO-admixed soils.
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Kyrylchuk, Andrii, Roman Malik, and Sergiy Doroshkevich. ". MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS SOILS OF THE BELIGATIVE STRUCTURES OF THE KAMIANETS-PODILSKYI KAMIANETS-PODILSKYI STATE HISTORICAL RESERVE MUSEUM." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 51, no. 2 (2021): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.21.2.4.
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The article presents micromorphological descriptions of soil profiles of key areas of the research territory. The results of micromorphological analysis and synthesis of selected soil samples are illustrated. For the first time the process-and-genetic features of urborendzins of beligerative structures were studied through the evaluation of their micromorphological structure.
 Urborendzins of the beligerative landscape complex of the Kamianets-Podilskyi State Historical Preserve Museum are intrazonal biolithogenic polygenetic soils with complex phylogeny exposed to a long-term anthropogenic influence. It is important to establish their genesis, which is accompanied by a number of obstacles caused by the significant amplitude of the soil profile, morphological features, physical-and-chemical features and the presence of buried horizons in such soils. To solve the problem of age and ontogenesis staging of urborendzins, along with comparative-and-geographical, we use a complex paleopedological method with active application of micromorphological analysis, which allows to establish process-and-genetic features of soils by diagnosing elementary soil processes according to sustainable features at the micro level of solid phase formation.
 Micromorphological structure evaluation makes it possible to consider soil as a system at the microscopic level and observe the natural flow of soil-forming processes in their interaction and ratio at all morphological levels - from microscopically small volumes of soil mass to soil profile in general. Consequently, micromorphological analysis is a unique one and possesses significant advantages over other methods of physical geography.
 Urborendzins of the object under study have a complex problematic genesis and the use of micromorphological analysis and micromorphological synthesis is acceptable to solve these problems. The evaluation of the micromorphological structure of these soils was carried out for the first time, their micromorphological features were not previously determined as well as the genesis in general. Our micromorphological analysis allowed us to establish the process-and-diagnostic features of the studied soils and shows that in comparison with the background soil, the deposits of the «Day Tower» are more carbonated. Under the conditions of the washing regime, fragments of limestone deposits provide constant involvement of new weathered carbonated material in soil formation processes, which promotes saturation of soil solutions with calcium cations and, accordingly, formation of more stable microaggregation of soil mass and reduction of mobility of silty particles downwards the profile, fixed through by micromorphological researches in the form of the presence of high-order microaggregates. Comparing the background soil with the sediments of the «Day Tower», it can be stated that the agrorendzin typical, in contrast to urborendzin, leached from carbonates, is characterized by the practical absence of microorshteins, humic substances are mainly in a dispersed state and signs of movement of organo-clay substances downwards the profile can be traced much more clearly. This indicates that the background agrorendzin is formed under conditions of active biogenic and accumulative processes, carbonate leaching and illimerization.
 Key words: micromorphological analysis, synthesis, soil, beligerative complex.
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Filippov, D. V., I. N. Chursin, A. D. Boyarenkova, and D. D. Rulev. "Results of soil carbonate enrichment research in irrigated areas using remote sensing data." Geodesy and Cartography 986, no. 8 (2022): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2022-986-8-39-44.
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The authors discuss a soil carbonate enrichment problem in the Volgograd region. These processes cause a decrease in yield and require timely identification and assessment of manifestation extent. Observing of large irrigated areas is very difficult. Therefore, the possibilities of monitoring soil carbonate enrichment processes using the analysis of Earth remote sensing data are becoming relevant. The aim of this work is to research the relationship of soil carbonate enrichment with the spectral characteristics of the surface obtained from the data of the “Resurs-P” ultra-high resolution satellite. Using the image from “Resurs-P”, the standard spectral indices were calculated. Most effective ones were selected, having the highest correlation with the degree of soil carbonization, determined from the compared field samples. Through geographic information systems, space images were marked with areas at the sampling points. Information from those sites was then analyzed using graphical visualization and regression analysis. As a result, a relationship was established between the values of the areas’ spectral brightness in the image from the “Resurs-P” and the level of carbonate enrichment. Based on the identified relationships, the Random Forest classifier was trained, using which a map of carbonated soils distribution in the irrigated territory of the Svetloyarsk irrigation system’s test site was created.
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Lampreave, Miriam, Assumpta Mateos, Josep Valls, Montserrat Nadal, and Antoni Sánchez-Ortiz. "Carbonated Irrigation Assessment of Grapevine Growth, Nutrient Absorption, and Sugar Accumulation in a Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L.) Vineyard." Agriculture 12, no. 6 (2022): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12060792.
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Iron chlorosis is common in vineyards grown on calcareous soils, and consists of a chlorophyll deficiency caused by a disorder in iron nutrition. It is manifested by interveinal yellowing of the youngest leaves and decreased growth and production. Most of the vineyards in Spain are planted on calcareous soils, so iron chlorosis is frequent, even in tolerant rootstocks. In the case of Spain, Tempranillo accounts for 20.8% of the total Spanish wine area, with this red variety being the most planted. The study of iron chlorosis and the availability of nutrients is essential for improving the qualitative balance of the wine, as it is one of the most representative in our country. The aim of this work was to evaluate how carbonated irrigation modifies soil pH and increases the absorption of nutrients, as well as to assess the impact of chlorosis on the physiology of the variety and the composition of the grape. In the first instance, a test was carried out on bare soil of calcareous composition, evaluating three different levels of carbonated water, and seeing what response it gave to the pH level. The result showed that the dose of 400 ppm of CO2 provided the optimal pH. Subsequently, in a potted soil, the dose of 400 ppm of CO2 was evaluated on the variety cv. Tempranillo, in three different compositions of calcareous soil. Results showed that carbonated irrigation increased the levels of chlorophyll impacting on primary metabolism (acids and sugar), plant growth, and higher crop yield, improving the optimal grape ripeness. Given that irrigation with 400 ppm CO2 increased the ability to control ferric chlorosis, this strategy could be an easy-to-use alternative to iron-based chelates for preventing Fe deficiency in the grapevine as well as moderating the different levels of iron chlorosis. This strategy could be an alternative to the use of synthetic Fe chelates as EDTA or o,o-EDDHA for preventing Fe chlorosis in susceptible Tempranillo (Vitis vinifera L.) vineyard in calcareous soils, with less of a risk to the environment.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbonated soils"
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Achour, Yosra. "Etude de la mobilité des métaux (Pb, Zn, Cd) et des métalloïdes (As, Sb) dans les sols carbonatés contaminés par les rejets miniers." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2022. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/prive/accesESR/2022ORLE1041_va.pdf.
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Cette thèse porte sur plusieurs réponses sur l'écodynamisme et la phytodisponibilité des éléments potentiellement toxiques (EPT) dans des sols agricoles fortement contaminés par des rejets miniers développés sur un substrat carbonatés de la Tunisie septentrionale (Jebel Ressas (JRS), Jebel Hallouf (JH1) et Sidi Bouaoune (SB) dans un climat semi-aride. Les principaux contaminants en cause sont Zn, Pb, Cd, As et Sb pouvant atteindre respectivement 185037 mg.kg-1 à JRS, 28 000 mg.kg-1 à (JH1), 1021 mg.kg-1 à JRS, 1 355 mg.kg-1 et 338 mg.kg-1 à (JH1).Ces sols sont essentiellement formés d'argiles (kaolinite, illite, et montmorillonite), de carbonates (calcite, dolomite et hydrozincite), de silicates (quartz et hémimorphite), et de sulfates (barytine et anglésite). L'effet rhizosphérique sur la mobilité des EPT a été étudié par un test cinétique avec des acides à faible poids moléculaire (LMWAOs). Les résultats ont montré une augmentation du pH de la solution initiale (2,8) jusqu'à des valeurs proches de la neutralité, résultant de la dissolution des carbonates. Nos résultats suggèrent que les éléments les plus extractibles sont le Cd et le Zn et dans une moindre mesure le Pb. La mobilité des métalloïdes (As et Sb), était relativement faible à l'exception des sols de Jebel Hallouf et Sidi Bouaouane, ou un pourcentage d'extraction ne dépassant pas 1% pour Sb et 0,1% pour As, respectivement a été observé.Pour la détermination des formes des EPT dans les sols, deux méthodes d'extractions séquentielles ont été appliquées (BCR et Maiz). En parallèle, la concentration totale dissoute dans les eaux porales, la fraction labile (sondes DGT) et l'absorption par les plantes (orge et petit pois) ont été déterminées afin d'étudier la spéciation, la mobilité et la phytodisponibilité de sols agricoles autour de deux sites post-minier (Jebel Hallouf - Sidi Bouaouane et Jebel Ressas). Nos résultats ont montré que les fractions mobile et mobilisable (schéma de Maiz) des sols sont faibles par rapport à leurs concentrations totales. Le schéma de BCR a quant lui révélé que la majeure partie des EPT est liée à la fraction résiduelle à l'exception du Zn à JRS qui est beaucoup plus concentré dans la fraction échangeable. Une exception a été observée aussi pour le Pb dans les sols de Jebel Hallouf où il est distribué de façon similaire dans les fractions échangeable, oxydable et résiduelle dont le pourcentage varie entre 23 % et 32 %. La réponse des plantes vis-à-vis de ces contaminants montre que le petit pois et l'orge ont accumulés des teneurs en EPT dépassant les teneurs absorbées par les plantes dans les sols témoins. Les concentrations des EPT dans les eaux interstitielles ainsi que celles mesurées par DGT ne montrent pas de corrélation avec le contenu foliaire des plantes. Ce résultat s'explique par le fait que les concentrations des EPT accumulées dans les plantes sont supérieurs à celles disponibles dans les eaux interstitielles et que le réapprovisionnement de la phase solide est pratiquement négligeable. Le risque de transfert des EPT vers l'eau souterraine a été étudié par percolation en condition saturée dans des colonnes de sol reproduisant le profil de surface. Une diminution progressive du potentiel redox liée à la concentration en carbone organique dans le sol a induit un accroissement de la mobilité de l'arsenic probablement liée à la réduction microbienne des oxydes de fer<br>This thesis provides answers on the ecodynamics and phytoavailability of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in agricultural soils heavily contaminated by mining waste developed on a carbonated bedrock of northern Tunisia (Jebel Ressas (JRS), Jebel Hallouf (JH1) and Sidi Bouaoune (SB) in a semi-arid climate.The main contaminants in question are Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Sb which can respectively reach 185037 mg.kg-1 at JRS, 28,000 mg.kg-1 at (JH1), 1021 mg.kg-1 at JRS, 1,355 mg.kg-1 and 338 mg.kg-1 at (JH1).These soils are essentially made up of clays (kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite), carbonates (calcite, dolomite, and hydrozincite), silicates (quartz and hemimorphite), and sulfates (barite and anglesite).The rhizospheric effect on the mobility of PTE has been investigated using kinetic test with a mixture of low molecular weight organic acids. The results showed an increase in the pH of the solution (initial pH 2.8) up to near neutrality, leading to the dissolution of carbonates. Our results suggest that the most extractable elements are Cd and Zn and to a lesser extent Pb. an extraction percentage not exceeding 1% for Sb and 0.1% for As, respectively, was observed. for metalloids (As and Sb) their extractibility was relatively low with the exception of the soils of Jebel Hallouf and Sidi Bouaouane, with an extraction percentage not exceeding 1% for Sb and 0.1% for As, respectively.For the determination of the forms of the PTE in soils, two methods of sequential extractions were applied (BCR and Maiz). Jointly, the total dissolved concentration in pore waters, the labile fraction (DGT probes) and the absorption by plants (barley and peas) were measured in order to study the speciation, mobility and phytoavailability of two sites post-mining (Jebel Hallouf - Sidi Bouaouane and Jebel Ressas).Our résultats showed that the PTE in the mobile and mobilisable fraction(Maiz scheme) of the soils are low compared to their total concentrations. The BCR scheme revealed that most of the PTE are bound to the residual fraction with the exception of Zn at JRS which is much more concentrated in the exchangeable fraction. An exception was also observed for Pb in JH(1) and JH(2) soils where it was distributed evenly in the exchangeable, oxidizable and residual fractions, the percentage of which varies between 23 % and 32 %.The response of plants to these contaminants shows that peas and barley have accumulated TPE levels exceeding the levels absorbed by plants in control soils.Total dissolved concentrations soil power water as well as concentrations measured by DGT are not correlated with primary plant leaf content. This result is explained by the fact that the concentrations of PTE accumulated in the plants are higher than those available in the power waters and that the replenishment of the solid phase is practically negligible.The risk of transfer of PTE to water was studied by percolation in saturated conditions in soil columns reproducing the surface profile. A progressive decrease in the redox potential related to the concentration of organic carbon in the soil induced an increase in the mobility of arsenic probably related to the microbial reduction of iron oxides
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Al, Qabany Ahmed Abdul Aziz. "Microbial carbonate precipitation in soils." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609845.
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Reynolds, Lindsay. "Soil 14CO2 Source Apportionment for Biodegradation in Contaminated Soils in Permafrost Climates: A Novel Technique for Rapid Sample Collection by Barium Carbonate Precipitation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39130.
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The rate of biodegradation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils can be studied using the radiocarbon (14C) content of CO2 efflux from the ground surface over an impacted area.14C is used as a tracer to distinguish modern 14C CO2 from natural respiration processes and 14C depleted CO2 derived from petroleum degradation. Studies have shown that this analysis provides reliable, quantifiable data and an effective means of correcting for background CO2 which may present some natural depletion from older subsurface organics. The study area for this project is a remote community in Northern Yukon where organic rich sediments overlying continuous permafrost are contaminated by diesel oil. An objective of this study was to evaluate the use of 14C to quantify background CO2 in permafrost soils with abundant, older labile organics. A second objective was to test a new sampling technique to facilitate sample shipment from remote sites, which traps soil CO2 in small sealed exetainers as a solid barium carbonate. Data obtained from established radiocarbon sampling procedures and this new novel approach were shown to be comparable and reproducible. This technique facilitated both sample collection and shipment as well as analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), allowing for rapid, efficient sampling techniques to be deployed in remote areas. Results of this study show the carbonate method to be an economical and effective sampling method, and used at the Old Crow site, demonstrated that under current climate conditions, older organics in the subsurface do not confound the use of 14CO2 for source zone biodegradation assessment at this hydrocarbon impacted permafrost site.
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Versteegen, Audrey. "Biotic and abiotic controls on calcium carbonate formation in soils." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/5332.
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Over half of the carbon (C) taking part in the global C cycle is held in terrestrial systems. Because of the sensitivity of the C cycle to changes in such soil-based pools of carbon, it is important to understand the basic mechanisms by which soil C is stored and cycled between the range of di erent pools which occur belowground. In the context of climate change mitigation, it is considered that increasing soil-based stocks of C, either by reducing losses from soils, or by actively sequestering new carbon, is a potentially important strategy . Organic carbon is the main form of carbon in soil and as such has received most focus. Cont/d.
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Al-Ghanem, Abdulhakim M. F. "Factors affecting the strength characteristics of calcium-carbonate - cemented soils." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184645.
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The factors which affect the engineering properties of calcium carbonate cemented soil are examined. The influence of calcium carbonate content, molding moisture content, and confining pressure on the strength characteristics of two types of soil is investigated in two distinct phases of the research. Type A soil, obtained from the University of Arizona Campbell Avenue Farm in Tucson, was used for the artificially cemented specimen stage. It is composed of sand and silt-size particles with some clay and is virtually free of calcium carbonate in its natural state. Sierrita soil, obtained from the Twin Buttes Open Pit Mine south of Tucson, was used for the reconstituted sample stage. It is naturally cemented with calcium carbonate and is composed mainly of sand, gravel, a small amount of silt, and occasional large-sized (boulder and cobble) particles. Specimens for triaxial compression testing were compacted for each phase of the study under carefully controlled conditions. Three test series were carried out on Type A soil artificially cemented with calcium carbonate. Three percentages (0%, 15%, and 30%) on a dry weight basis of the soil were used. Two molding water contents, one dry and one wet of optimum moisture content, were established for each test series. Unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression tests were carried out on oven-dried specimens at three different confining pressures to obtain shear strength parameters. The fabric characteristics of selected specimens were then defined by viewing them under a scanning electron microscope. The results indicate that the strength of the calcium carbonate cemented soil depends on the distribution and not necessarily the content of the cementing agent within the soil mass. Visual examination of the various microstructures of the artificially cemented soil confirmed the hypothesis that strength gain occurs when the calcium carbonate particles are concentrated at the points of contact between soil grains. Visual examination of the fabric of the naturally cemented Sierrita soil showed the microstructure to be highly compressed with weathered calcium carbonate particles dominating the soil structure. The calcium carbonate content was found to range from 14 to 23%. Because of sampling difficulties, an in situ cohesion value for the Sierrita soil could not be obtained from conventional laboratory tests. Therefore, the value was obtained by back analysis of the stability of actual slopes existing at Twin Buttes Mine. Slope stability analyses using Bishop's Modified Method with a search routine based on the Simplex Method of Nelder and Mead were performed. Stability analyses were also performed using strength properties of artificially cemented Type A soil. These analyses showed the relationships among cohesion, friction angle, safety factor, and calcium carbonate content for a specified slope geometry.
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Walworth, James. "Recognizing and Treating Iron Deficiency in the Home Yard." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144777.
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Walworth, James. "Recognizing and Treating Iron Deficiency in the Home Yard." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/267537.
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Sterianos, Benjamin. "Geotechnical properties of carbonate soils with reference to an improved engineering classification." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9636.
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Includes bibliography.<br>The engineering behaviour of carbonates differ substantially from quartz based soils. A review of the literature was undertaken in an attempt to identify relevant parameters which could provide the basis for an improved engineering classification. Carbonate content, cementation, crushability, particle size distribution and Atterberg limits were found to be relevant to engineering behaviour of carbonates, and should be included. The maximum obtainable void ratio (emax), which is related to the particle shape distribution, has been proposed as an additional index for carbonate sands. Results from direct shear tests showed that this parameter correlates well with crushability and compressibility. It is recommended that this parameter (emax) as determined in the test devised by Kolbuszewski (1948), should be adopted as an index property for classifying carbonate sands.
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Metzger, Laure. "Comportement du rimsulfuron dans deux sols carbonatés." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10302.
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Le devenir de l'herbicide rimsulfuron dans une rendzine et un sol alluvial a été étudié à partir d'incubations de sols et d'expériences en "batch". L'apport de rimsulfuron, à 4-5 fois les doses recommandées au champ, n'a pas modifié l'activité microbienne des sols, mesurée par la respiration. La minéralisation du rimsulfuron n'a été observée qu'en présence d'une microflore active et était très faible : respectivement 2 et 0,75 % de la radioactivité apportée au sol alluvial et à la rendzine. La plus faible minéralisation du rimsulfuron obtenue avec la rendzine pourrait résulter de la présence de quantités élevées de matière organique qui (i) constituerait une source de carbone alternative pour la microflore et (ii) fixerait des résidus du rimsulfuron, diminuant ainsi leur biodisponibilité. En effet, les études d'adsorption du rimsulfuron montraient non seulement que la surface spécifique influençait l'adsorption, mais que la vitesse d'adsorption semblait augmenter avec la teneur en argiles et la capacité d'adsorption augmentait avec la teneur en matière organique. De plus, des résidus non-extractibles (RNE) de rimsulfuron étaient plus concentrés dans les fractions granulométriques ayant les plus fortes teneurs en matière organique et une part de ces RNE était extractible avec les composés organiques alcalino-solubles. Cependant, 65 à 80 % des résidus du rimsulfuron étaient encore extractibles, même après 3 à 7 mois d'incubation. Cette mobilité potentielle des résidus du rimsulfuron était confirmée par les valeurs des Kd obtenues lors des expériences d'adsorption. Ainsi, des résidus du rimsulfuron peuvent persister dans le sol et être disponibles pour migrer vers les eaux souterraines ou être absorbés par les plantes. Les processus influençant le devenir du rimsulfuron dans les sols sont similaires à ceux qui affectent l'évolution des matières organiques naturelles, mais l'importance relative de ceux-ci et leur durée diffèrent<br>The fate of rimsulfuron, a sulfonylurea herbicide, was studied in a rendzina and an alluvial soil, through (i) laboratory soil incubations and (fi) batch experiments to de termine the capacity and the dynamics of rimsulfuron adsorption. The application of rimsulfuron, at 4-5 times the recommended field doses, did not modify the soil microbial activity, measured by the soil respiration. The mineralization of rimsulfuron occured only in the presence of an active microflora and was very low: 2 and 0. 75 % of the applied radioactivity for the alluvial soil and the rendzina soil, respectively. The lower rimsulfuron mineralization observed in the rendzina could be explained by high amounts of organic matter that (i) constituted an alternative source of organic carbon for the microflora, and (ii) might increase the adsorption of rimsulfuron residues, thus reducing their availability for mineralization processes. Lndeed, adsorption studies showed not only that the specific surface area influenced the rimsulfuron adsorption, but also that higher clay contents seemed to enhance the adsorption dynamics and that organic matter seemed to increase the adsorption capacity. Besides, non extractable residues (NER) of rimsulfuron were more concentrated in the grain-size fractions having the higher organic matter contents and a non negligible proportion of these NER has been co-extracted with alcalino-soluble organic compounds. However, 65 to 80 % of rimsulfuron residues were still extractable, even after 3 to 7 months. This potential mobility of rimsulfuron residues was confirmed by the Kd values obtained from the adsorption experiments, ranging from 0. 12 to 1. 7. Thus rimsulfuron residues can accumulate in soil and be available for migration or for absorption by plants. The processes influencing the behavior of rimsulfuron in soil are similar to those affecting the evolution of natural organic matter but the relative importance of these processes and their kinetics are different
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Hamdi, Salwa. "Vulnérabilité des services écosystémiques des sols tunisiens face aux changements climatiques régionaux : sensibilité de la respiration du sol à la température." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20137.
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Afin de mieux comprendre et évaluer l'impact du changement climatique sur les stocks de carbone organique du sol (COS) et les flux de carbone, et en particulier la respiration hétérotrophe du sol (RS), il est nécessaire d'étudier la sensibilité de la RS à la température. Plusieurs études sur les facteurs contrôlant la dépendance de la RS à la température ont été faites antérieurement et montrent que la sensibilité de la RS à la température diminue avec la température. Ces études ont suggéré que cette diminution de sensibilité de la RS à la température était liée à la modification de la disponibilité en substrat. D'autres études ont suggéré que cette diminution est liée à l'adaptation de la communauté microbienne aux températures élevées. La sensibilité de la RS à la température est plus particulièrement critique dans les régions semi-arides, comme le Nord Ouest de la Tunisie où le stock de COS est faible. Il est nécessaire de connaître l'effet de la disponibilité en substrat sur la sensibilité de la RS à la température. Dans cette étude, les échantillons de sol ont été incubés pendant 28 jours après une période de 28 jours de pré-incubation. Les pré-incubations et incubations ont été réalisées à 20, 30, 40 et 50°C. Pour tester l'effet de la disponibilité en substrat sur la sensibilité de la RS à la température, du glucose a été ajouté au sol au début de la période d'incubation. L'analyse des résultats a montré que les températures élevées de pré-incubation réduisent la sensibilité de la RS à la température d'incubation. L'addition de glucose réduit l'effet de températures élevées de pré-incubation sur la réponse de la RS. Il apparaît ainsi que la diminution de la sensibilité de la RS après un mois de pré-incubation aux fortes températures est due à la diminution de la disponibilité en substrat. Elle semble aussi liée à une diminution de la biomasse microbienne. Puisque, le sol utilisé pour cette étude est un Cambi sol Calco-magnésimorphe, une deuxième expérimentation a été réalisée afin de déterminer la part de CO2 provenant des carbonates et la part de CO2 provenant du COS. Cette étude a été réalisée par des mesures des signatures isotopiques (δ13C) du COS, des carbonates et du CO2 émis. Après 28 jours d'incubation, 23±9% de CO2 provient des carbonates. Cette contribution est faible par rapport à la teneur initiale élevée de C-CaCO3 dans le sol (4,3%) et est indépendante de la température d'incubation. Cette étude a montré que la réduction de la sensibilité de la RS aux fortes températures est surtout liée à une réduction de la disponibilité en substrat organique et de la biomasse microbienne aux fortes températures<br>To better understand and assess the impact of climate change on the stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) and carbon fluxes, and particularly heterotrophic soil respiration (SR), it is necessary to study the sensitivity of SR to temperature. Several studies have been achieved to improve the understanding of factors controlling the temperature dependence of SR and showed that the temperature sensitivity of SR decreases with temperature. These studies suggested that this decrease in temperature sensitivity of SR was related to change in substrate availability. Other studies presented microbial adaptation to warmed conditions. The temperature sensitivity of SR is especially critical in semi-arid regions, such as North West Tunisia, where the SOC stock is low. It is necessary to know the influence of substrate availability on the sensitivity of SR to temperature. In this study, soil samples were incubated for 28 days after a 28-day pre-incubation per iod. Pre-incubation and incubation were carried out at 20, 30, 40 and 50°C. To test the substrate availability effect on the temperature sensitivity of SR, glucose was added to soil at the beginning of the incubation period. Results showed that the highest pre-incubation temperature reduced the temperature sensitivity of SR during the subsequent incubation period. Glucose addition reduced the effect of high pre-incubation temperature on SR response. Thus, it appears that the observed decrease in SR sensitivity to temperature after one month pre-incubation at high temperature was due to a reduce in substrate availability and to a decrease in microbial biomass. Since the soil used in this study is a Calcari-Leptic Cambisol, a second experiment was also performed to determine the amount of CO2 from carbonates and the amount of CO2 from SOC. This study was carried out by measurements of the isotopic signatures (δ13C) of SOC, carbonates and emitted CO2. After 28 days of inc ubation, 23±9% of CO2 came from carbonates. This contribution was low compared to the high initial C-CaCO3 content in soil (4.3%), and it was independent to the incubation temperature. This study showed that reduce in the sensitivity of SR to high temperatures was probably due to a reduction in the substrate availability and to a decrease in microbial biomass
Books on the topic "Carbonated soils"
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P, Le Tirant, and Nauroy Jean-François, eds. Foundations in carbonate soils. Editions Technip, 1994.
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D, Nettleton W., and Soil Science Society of America. Division S-5., eds. Occurrence, characteristics, and genesis of carbonate, gypsum, and silica accumulations in soils. Soil Science Society of America, 1991.
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Kamilov, O. K. Genezis i svoĭstva okarbonachenno-zagipsovannykh pochv T͡S︡entralʹnoĭ Fergany. Izd-vo "Fan" Akademii nauk Respubliki Uzbekistan, 1992.
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Geological Survey (U.S.), ed. The distribution of calcium carbonate in soils: A computer simulation using program CALSOIL. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1986.
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Geological Survey (U.S.), ed. The distribution of calcium carbonate in soils: A computer simulation using program CALSOIL. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1986.
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Nettleton, W. D., ed. Occurrence, Characteristics, and Genesis of Carbonate, Gypsum, and Silica Accumulations in Soils. Soil Science Society of America, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub26.
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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Region 1. San Bernardino Mountains carbonate plants draft recovery plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1, 1997.
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G, Tindle A., and Webb P. C, eds. Geochemical reference material compositions: Rocks, minerals, sediments, soils, carbonates, refractories & ores used in research & industry. Whittles Pub., 1992.
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1958-, Ulmer-Scholle D. S., and American Association of Petroleum Geologists., eds. A color guide to the petrography of carbonate rocks: Grains, textures, porosity, diagenesis. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Carbonated soils"
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Achour, Yosra, Radhia Souissi, Haifa Tlil, Mikael Motelica Heino, and Foued Souissi. "Heavy Metals (Pb, Zn, Cd) and Metalloids (Sb, As) in Carbonated Soils Contaminated by Mine Tailings (North Tunisia)." In New Prospects in Environmental Geosciences and Hydrogeosciences. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72543-3_51.
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Chesworth, Ward, Marta Camps Arbestain, Felipe Macías, et al. "Carbonates." In Encyclopedia of Soil Science. Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3995-9_90.
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Canti, Matthew G. "Burnt Carbonates." In Archaeological Soil and Sediment Micromorphology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118941065.ch22.
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Lutenegger, Alan J. "Carbonate Content." In Laboratory Manual for Geotechnical Characterization of Fine-Grained Soils. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003263289-7.
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Verrecchia, Eric P., and Luca Trombino. "Pedofeatures Associated to Soil Processes." In A Visual Atlas for Soil Micromorphologists. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67806-7_5.
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AbstractAs stipulated by G. Stoops, “the aim of micropedology is to contribute to solving problems related to the genesis, classification and management of soils, including soil characterization in palaeopedology and archaeology. The interpretation of features observed in thin sections is the most important part of this type of research, based on an objective detailed analysis and description” (Stoops et al. 2018). To answer such questions, two major books contributed to the comparative knowledge necessary to tackle this objective: the first one was published in 1985 and used micromorphology to distinguish between different classes of soils (Douglas and Thompson 1985); the second one is an extensive guide of more than 1000 pages to the interpretation of micromorphological features encountered in thin sections of soil (Stoops et al. 2018). The aim of this Atlas is neither to be a substitution for these books nor a way to enter directly into the interpretation of soil genesis and classification. Nonetheless, this chapter presents the imprints of major soil processes that can be easily deduced from specific features observed in thin sections. These processes involve the dynamics of (a) clay, both translocation and swelling, (b) water, such as waterlogging, evaporation, and its role as ice and frost, (c) carbonate, gypsum, and iron oxyhydroxides, and finally (d) biogeochemical reactions within the solum.
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Siemer, Darryl D. "Determination of Secondary Carbonates." In Soil and Climate. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21225-10.
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Doner, Harvey E., and Paul R. Grossl. "Carbonates and Evaporites." In Soil Mineralogy with Environmental Applications. Soil Science Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssabookser7.c6.
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Coop, M. R., and J. D. McAuley. "Shaft Friction of Piles in Carbonate Soils." In Advances in Underwater Technology, Ocean Science and Offshore Engineering. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2473-9_30.
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Paltseva, Anna. "How Can Carbonate Content Be Estimated?" In The Urban Soil Guide. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50777-9_14.
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Whittig, L. D., and P. Janitzky. "Mechanisms of Formation of Sodium Carbonate in Soils." In Selected Papers in Soil Formation and Classification. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub1.c30.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Carbonated soils"
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Skripnikov, P., and A. Nalivaichenko. "ACCUMULATION OF ORGANIC CARBON UNDER WOODY PLANT COMMUNITIES IN URBAN FORESTS OF ROSTOV-ON-DON." In Reproduction, monitoring and protection of natural, natural-anthropogenic and anthropogenic landscapes. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/rmpnnaal2021_97-102.
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The paper provides an analysis of the vegetation state and soil cover of the "Temernitskaya Roscha" and the "Schepkinsky Les" artificial recreational forests which located in the Rostov-on-Don city. Geobotanical descriptions were carried out according to the standard method to species diversity assessing. The “Temernitskaya Roscha" recreational forests has been affected by anthropogenic pressure, but its grass cover was more diverse than in the "Schepkinsky Les" recreational forests where tree plant species was dominated. The study of the soil cover revealed a statistically significant increase of the organic matter content in the AUrz surface horizon. This increase was noted in soils under woody vegetation, in comparison with steppe zones which are typical for our region. In the underlying AU horizons, the accumulation and distribution of Corg, in turn, has a similar character for all studied soils. There are no significant differences between the chernozems of the forest park zone and fallow territories in the accumulation and distribution of Corg. The calcium carbonates profile distribution under woody vegetation is characterized by a decrease in the carbonated depth, visual blurriness of the presence of carbonates and the presence of rarely encountered lime nodules in the lower part of the profile.
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Stupar, Vladanka, Markola Saulić, Milica Blažić, et al. "STATE OF SOIL FERTILITY IN THE AREA OF THE POŽAREVAC CITY." In 1st International Symposium on Biotechnology. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt28.289s.
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Soil analysis provides information about the quality of the soil and the input of nutrients that are needed to make the soil better and obtain a high crop yield. The research in this paper included the analysis of fertility parametars of soil in wider territory of the Požarevac city during 2017 and 2022 year. Soil analysis shows that average soil acidity, i.e. its pH value of the aqueous soil solution (pH – H2O), in 2022 was reduced by 0.28 compared to 2017. On other hand, the substitution acidity (pH – KCl) was reduced by 0.49 after 5 years. The results for CaCO3 show that the soils are generally carbonate-free or weakly carbonated , well supplied with humus and the percentage of contetnt of N decreased by 21.91% in the five-year period. Low content of easily accessible phosphorus was identified in both year in over 50 percentage of the soil samples while mostly soil samples are well supplied with easily accessible potassium.
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Beavers, J. A., and R. G. Worthingham. "The Influence of Soil Chemistry on SCC of Underground Pipelines." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27146.
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High-pH stress corrosion cracking (SCC) failures of underground pipelines have occurred in a wide variety of soils, covering a range in color, texture, and pH. No single characteristic has been found to be common to all of the soil samples. Similarly, the compositions of the water extracts from the soils have not shown any more consistency than the physical descriptions of the soils. On several occasions, small quantities of electrolytes have been obtained from beneath disbonded coatings near locations where high-pH stress corrosion cracks were detected. The principle components of the electrolytes were carbonate and bicarbonate ions and it is now recognized that a concentrated carbonate-bicarbonate environment is responsible for this form of cracking. Much of this early research focused on the anions present in the soils and electrolytes. This paper summarizes the results of analyses of soil and electrolyte data in which the relationship between the cations and the occurrence of high-pH and near-neutral pH SCC were evaluated.
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Boylan, N. P., D. J. White, and P. Brunning. "Seabed Friction On Carbonate Soils: Physical Modelling of Axial Pipe-Soil Friction." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/25398-ms.
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Cozma, Antoanela, Maria Rada, Ariana Velciov, Casiana Mihut, and Anisoara Duma Copcea. "RESEARCH REGARDING THE USE OF EGGSHELLS POWDER FOR SOILS REHABILITATION CONTAMINATED WITH CD AND PB." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/4.2/s18.09.
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Eggshells are one of the widely used by-products in the food processing and manufacturing industries. Due to the increased content of minerals, especially calcium and magnesium and less trace elements (iron, zinc, manganese, copper), chicken eggshell waste can be used in many agricultural activities as a mineral fertilizer, as an additive for improving the physical parameters of the soil, or reducing the accessibility of lead and cadmium from soils polluted with heavy metals, as a substitute for natural calcium carbonate or as a nutritional improver in animal feed. The purpose of this paper was to characterize the eggshell waste resulting from household activities of food preparation and their use for the regeneration of the acid soils contaminated with heavy metals. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of eggshells as a material for blocking lead and cadmium in acidic soils contaminated with heavy metals. The use of eggshells in agricultural soil rehabilitation activities contributes both to increasing soil fertility and can also be an effective way of neutralize eggshell waste from agro-industrial activities. It can be also said that chicken eggshell powder can be recommended both as an organic fertilizer, which increases the mineral intake of plants, and as a soil stabilizer, improving plant health.
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Cao, Jianchun, Zhibin Zhong, and Ashish Budhiraja. "Numerical Investigation on Suction Pile’s Holding Capacity Installed in Carbonate-Type Soils." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18107.
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Abstract Suction piles have not been widely used in carbonate-type soils (i.e., muds/silts) because the pile skin frictions in this type of soils are only about 5% of that in normal clayey soils. The holding capacity of a suction pile installed in these types of soils may be affected by its lower friction. Moreover, pile designers have concerns not only on the development of the Reverse End Bearing (REB) but also on how long the REB can sustain. This paper presents the development of a three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis (3D FEA) model and the analysis results to investigate the behavior of suction pile for different levels of skin frictions. Firstly, the FEA model is used to investigate the development of the Reverse End Bearing (REB) of a suction pile by assigning two different levels of pile external skin frictions, i.e., 5% and 100% (full skin friction). A vertical load is applied at the center of the pile top. Secondly, the FEA model is used to investigate the behavior of a suction pile for a very low level of pile skin friction (i.e., 5% skin friction). An inclined load with various load angles from horizontal is applied at the padeye (i.e., 16m below seabed). Thirdly, the load carrying (failure) mechanism has been checked by examining the total displacement vectors of soil masses around the pile. Fourthly, a sensitivity study is carried out to investigate the capacity of a suction pile for different usage factors of REB. Finally, suction pile design requirements for carbonate-type soils (i.e., low level of pile skin frictions) are recommended.
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Nakagawa, Yuki, Hisayoshi Hashimoto, Koichi Suto, and Chihiro Inoue. "Improvement of Quicklime Mixing Treatment by Carbon Dioxide Ventilation." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40025.
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This paper describes a fundamental examination of a quicklime mixing treatment combined with carbon dioxide ventilation for the remediation process of soils polluted with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The quicklime mixing treatment is widely applied to remove volatile pollutants in soils using the heat of reaction with quicklime and pore water. To maintain a higher temperature and to ensure that most of the VOCs are volatilized, quicklime is usually mixed at a ratio of 10% with soils in this treatment. However, a surplus of added quicklime results in higher (alkaline) soil pH and causes serious damage to the soil ecosystems. To solve this problem, the simultaneous ventilation of carbon dioxide during quicklime mixing with polluted soil was examined. Under these conditions calcium hydroxide is generated by the reaction of quicklime with pore water; the calcium hydroxide then reacts with carbon dioxide to produce additional heat of reaction. It is expected that the heat from the second reaction can be used for the pollutant treatment, allowing the amount of quicklime addition for the treatment to be reduced. Laboratory experiments showed that more than half of the calcium hydroxide was changed to calcium carbonate when the mixed soil sample was ventilated by carbon dioxide, using mixing ratios of 5% quicklime and 5% water in the soil. The maximum soil temperature reached with this treatment was the same as that for the treatment using 10% quicklime. Scale-up experiments confirmed the effectiveness of using carbon dioxide ventilation.
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Luo, X. L., Z. L. Gu, J. Chai, X. Z. Meng, Z. Lu, and B. X. Zhu. "Investigation on Moisture and Salt Transport in Heterogeneous Porous Media of Relics-Soil in Archaeology Museum." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39488.
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The unearthed relics in archaeology museum are usually being presented to the public as still partly connected to their primitive environment. Migration of moisture may cause the carbonate from the soil being deposited on the relic’s surface and some carbonates would react with the penetrating SO2 to form sulphates, which will change the relics’ primitive form and material properties. In this research, experiments were carried out to clarify the migration mechanism of water and salt in a soil-relic-atmosphere coupling environment. The research results show that there existing a one-way transport of moisture from the soil-relics to the air even though the relative humidity approximates to 100%. Meanwhile, the effects of soil properties, air temperature, relative humidity and salt concentration on the transports of moisture and salt are identified.
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Tomac, Ingrid, Biljana Kovačević Zelić, Dunja Perić, et al. "GEOTECHNICAL RECONNAISSANCE OF COVER-COLLAPSE SINKHOLE AREA FOLLOWING PETRINJA 2020 EARTHQUAKE." In 2nd Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/2crocee.2023.84.
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This paper shows an overview of extensive geotechnical and geological investigation of soils around cover-collapse sinkholes that appeared in a constrained area around Mečenčani and Borojevići villages following the 2020–2021 Petrinja earthquake sequence. A total of 122 new and 49 pre-existing historical sinkholes were recorded, mapped, and classified during the geological and geotechnical reconnaissance fieldwork. Many sinkholes collapsed within an area of only 1.13 km2, a relatively rare phenomenon associated with earthquakes, thus motivating soil investigations to better understand associated failure mechanisms and underlying conditions. This paper shows an overview of triaxial test data in synergy with soil water retention curves of unsaturated soils detected in the area, along with results of standard physical soil tests. The soil in the area consists of a 4–15 m thick clayey cover with sporadic gravel lenses. Clays are mostly over-consolidated, with varying degrees of saturation ranging from very small to fully saturated. Underneath are intensely karstified Miocene carbonate rocks. Seasonal and climate-change-induced variations in the groundwater table interact with the artesian/subartesian karst aquifer, thus affecting the suction and the shear strength. In addition, soil water retention curves indicate that desaturation is possible for deeper groundwater table levels and can further affect effective stress, shear strength, and interparticle tensile forces. Collapsed sinkholes have predominately vertical walls, indicating brittle failure of a cohesive cover with varying degrees of saturation. Based on the specific geomechanical properties of soils, this paper offers several hypotheses of failure mechanisms based on the synergy of earthquake-induced dynamic loading and hydro-mechanical interactions of unsaturated soil layers and pore pressure dynamics between two interconnected aquifers.
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Kumar, Chaithanya, Sandhria Ferriawan Agung Pambudi, Milind Manohar Salunke, and John William Rayappa. "Alternate Foundation Concepts for Offshore Jackets in Calcareous Soils." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31595-ms.
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Abstract Calcareous soil type is found at many locations, requiring careful selection of foundation type. Calcareous soil is mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate in the form of lime or chalk derived from the underlying chalk or limestone rock. North-West Shelf of Australia is an example of site which consists of carbonate soil types wherein the majority of existing offshore facilities and platforms being installed using Drilled and Grouted (D&G) piled foundations and in some instances using Gravity based foundations. This paper discusses alternate foundation concepts on such soils, namely; (i) Micro-piles, and (ii) Inclined pile cluster, along with the common concepts of (iii) D&G piles and (iv) Gravity based foundations. The foundation concepts are discussed with focus on key aspects of the foundation structural configuration, vertical foundation capacity feasibility, and some serviceability related aspects. In addition, offshore operation and installation duration perspective are also discussed to provide some insight on how each foundation concept could suit the project preference which often influence the final selection of foundation concept. Risk/challenges and advantages of each concept are then summarized for overall comparison.
Reports on the topic "Carbonated soils"
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Russo, David, and William A. Jury. Characterization of Preferential Flow in Spatially Variable Unsaturated Field Soils. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580681.bard.
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Preferential flow appears to be the rule rather than the exception in field soils and should be considered in the quantitative description of solute transport in the unsaturated zone of heterogeneous formations on the field scale. This study focused on both experimental monitoring and computer simulations to identify important features of preferential flow in the natural environment. The specific objectives of this research were: (1) To conduct dye tracing and multiple tracer experiments on undisturbed field plots to reveal information about the flow velocity, spatial prevalence, and time evolution of a preferential flow event; (2) To conduct numerical experiments to determine (i) whether preferential flow observations are consistent with the Richards flow equation; and (ii) whether volume averaging over a domain experiencing preferential flow is possible; (3) To develop a stochastic or a transfer function model that incorporates preferential flow. Regarding our field work, we succeeded to develop a new method for detecting flow patterns faithfully representing the movement of water flow paths in structured and non-structured soils. The method which is based on application of ammonium carbonate was tested in a laboratory study. Its use to detect preferential flow was also illustrated in a field experiment. It was shown that ammonium carbonate is a more conservative tracer of the water front than the popular Brilliant Blue. In our detailed field experiments we also succeeded to document the occurrence of preferential flow during soil water redistribution following the cessation of precipitation in several structureless field soils. Symptoms of the unstable flow observed included vertical fingers 20 - 60 cm wide, isolated patches, and highly concentrated areas of the tracers in the transmission zone. Soil moisture and tracer measurements revealed that the redistribution flow became fingered following a reversal of matric potential gradient within the wetted area. Regarding our simulation work, we succeeded to develop, implement and test a finite- difference, numerical scheme for solving the equations governing flow and transport in three-dimensional, heterogeneous, bimodal, flow domains with highly contrasting soil materials. Results of our simulations demonstrated that under steady-state flow conditions, the embedded clay lenses (with very low conductivity) in bimodal formations may induce preferential flow, and, consequently, may enhance considerably both the solute spreading and the skewing of the solute breakthrough curves. On the other hand, under transient flow conditions associated with substantial redistribution periods with diminishing water saturation, the effect of the embedded clay lenses on the flow and the transport might diminish substantially. Regarding our stochastic modeling effort, we succeeded to develop a theoretical framework for flow and transport in bimodal, heterogeneous, unsaturated formations, based on a stochastic continuum presentation of the flow and a general Lagrangian description of the transport. Results of our analysis show that, generally, a bimodal distribution of the formation properties, characterized by a relatively complex spatial correlation structure, contributes to the variability in water velocity and, consequently, may considerably enhance solute spreading. This applies especially in formations in which: (i) the correlation length scales and the variances of the soil properties associated with the embedded soil are much larger than those of the background soil; (ii) the contrast between mean properties of the two subdomains is large; (iii) mean water saturation is relatively small; and (iv) the volume fraction of the flow domain occupied by the embedded soil is relatively large.
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Francis, C. W., S. Y. Lee, J. H. Wilson, M. E. Timpson, and M. P. Elless. The use of carbonate lixiviants to remove uranium from uranium-contaminated soils. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/510339.
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Wilson, J. H., R. Chernikoff, and W. D. DeMarco. Carbonate and citric acid leaching of uranium from uranium-contaminated soils: Pilot-scale studies (Phase II). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/130633.
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Reeder, Richard J. Spectroscopic and Microscopic Characterization of Contaminant Uptake and Retention by Carbonates in Soils and Vadose Zone Sediments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833624.
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Beauregard, Yannick. PR261-193604-R01 Optimizing Stress Corrosion Cracking Management - Field and Economic Study. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012179.
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This work aims to improve pipeline segment prioritization for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) excavations. Specifically, it is aimed at optimizing the technical accuracy and the cost of the Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP, formerly NACE) Stress Corrosion Cracking Direct Assessment (SP0204-2015) process by: - evaluating the SCC susceptibility criteria of soil property parameters that were proposed in the first phase of the project (pH, resistivity, sulfide concentration, soil carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, carbonate concentration, soil oxygen (O2) concentration, sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) concentration, oxygen reduction potential (ORP), soil moisture content, soil effect on steel hydrogen permeation and electrochemical properties) - investigating the technical and economic feasibility of using commercially available field instruments for the measurement of these soil parameters to overcome limitations of laboratory testing (e.g., sample preservation and external costs) Soil sampling and testing was conducted at twenty-two dig sites in three geographic regions in the USA and Canada. On-site soil sampling and testing activities were conducted by field service providers using commercially available portable instruments. Soil samples were sent to laboratories for chemical analysis and for electrochemical characterization. The data analysis consisted of: (i) comparison of soil properties obtained at sites with and without SCC against the proposed SCC susceptibility criteria (ii) comparison of soil property data obtained in the field to those obtained through laboratory analysis (iii) comparison of soil property data obtained using different field and lab measurement techniques (iv) comparison of costs associated with performing in-field measurements to those of laboratory analysis.
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Hunter, C. R., and A. J. Busacca. A feasibility study of modeling pedogenic carbonates in soils and sediments at the US Department of Energy's Hanford Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6553280.
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Richard J. Reeder, Nicholas S. Fisher, Wayne P. Hess, and Kenneth M. Beck. Spectroscopic and Microscopic Characterization of Contaminant Uptake and Retention by Carbonates in the Soil and Vadose Zone. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/810619.
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Watson, Mark, Martyn Wilmott, and Brian Erno. GRI-96-0452_2 Stress Corrosion Cracking Under Field Simulated Conditions II. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011974.
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The pH of solutions found under disbonded polyethylene tape coatings in the field is generally in the range of 6.5 to 7.5. Electrochemically determining corrosion rates for pipeline steels exposed to neutral pH solutions in this pH range indicate that corrosion rates are too low to account for the observed crack growth rates from field excavation programs. This suggests that for the SCC process to be based on a simple dissolution mechanism then the pH at the crack tip would have to be lower than the bulk solution pH. A computer model was developed to determine solution chemistry changes within an SCC crack under anaerobic conditions as a function of time The numerical simulation model showed that the pH at a crack tip is lower by at least one pH unit than the trapped electrolyte outside the crack. A second thermodynamic model was used to show that under appropriate conditions dilute groundwater can be converted to a concentrated carl ornately bicarbonate solution. High temperatures were not required to concentrate on this solution. The concentration of this electrolyte under coal tar or asphalt coatings can occur by a cyclical process in which groundwater levels fluctuate and in tum influence the ability of cathodic protection to reach the steel surface. The high pH is generated by effective cathodic protection and the carbonate concentration is developed by absorption of CO2 from soil gases.
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Upadhyaya, Shrini K., Abraham Shaviv, Abraham Katzir, Itzhak Shmulevich, and David S. Slaughter. Development of A Real-Time, In-Situ Nitrate Sensor. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7586537.bard.
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Although nitrate fertilizers are critical for enhancing crop production, excess application of nitrate fertilizer can result in ground water contamination leading to the so called "nitrate problem". Health and environmental problems related to this "nitrate problem" have led to serious concerns in many parts of the world including the United States and Israel. These concerns have resulted in legislation limiting the amount of nitrate N in drinking water to 10mg/g. Development of a fast, reliable, nitrate sensor for in-situ application can be extremely useful in dynamic monitoring of environmentally sensitive locations and applying site-specific amounts of nitrate fertilizer in a precision farming system. The long range objective of this study is to develop a fast, reliable, real-time nitrate sensor. The specific objective of this one year feasibility study was to explore the possible use of nitrate sensor based on mid-IR spectroscopy developed at UCD along with the silver halide fiber ATR (i.e. attenuated total internal reflection) sensor developed at TAU to detect nitrate content in solution and soil paste in the presence of interfering compounds. Experiments conducted at Technion and UCD clearly demonstrate the feasibility of detecting nitrate content in solutions as well as soil pastes using mid-IR spectroscopy and an ATR technique. When interfering compounds such as carbonates, bicarbonates, organic matter etc. are present special data analysis technique such as singular value decomposition (SYD) or cross correlation was necessary to detect nitrate concentrations successfully. Experiments conducted in Israel show that silver halide ATR fiber based FEWS, particularly flat FEWS, resulted in low standard error and high coefficient of determination (i.e. R² values) indicating the potential of the flat Fiberoptic Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy (FEWS) for direct determinations of nitrate. Moreover, they found that it was possible to detect nitrate and other anion concentrations using anion exchange membranes and M1R spectroscopy. The combination of the ion-exchange membranes with fiberoptices offers one more option to direct determination of nitrate in environmental systems.
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Hydrologic characteristics of soils in the High Plains, northern Great Plains, and Central Texas Carbonates Regional Aquifer Systems. US Geological Survey, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ha714.
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