Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Carbonates de manganèse'
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Pambo, Florent. "Conditions de formation des carbonates de manganèse protézoi͏̈ques et analyse minéralogique et géochimique des minerais à bioxydes de manganèse associés dans le gisement de Moanda (Sud-Est, Gabon)." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS004.
Full textDubois, Manon. "Environnement de dépôt et processus de formation des carbonates de manganèse dans les black shales paléoprotérozoiques du Bassin de Franceville (2.1 Ga ; Gabon)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT082.
Full textThe Franceville Basin (2.1 Ga) in southeastern Gabon, hosts a black shale series well preserved (FB Formation) which represents an exceptional example of unmetamorphised Paleoproterozoic sediment strata. This basin includes the protore of one of the largest Mn-oxide laterite ore worldwide, mined by Eramet-Comilog. The aim of this this work is to determine formation conditions of this protore and to characterize the global sedimentary evolution of the FB Formation which include the protore. This 75 m thick protore is constituted of Mn carbonate-rich black shales which represent a potential ore deposit for the future. It was drilled, on the Bangombé plateau, during a recent campaign of 24 boreholes with an average depth of 125 m.Through multidisciplinary study on these cores and key outcrops of the basin, this work focuses on : i) the depositional environment of the Mn-protore and FB Formation ; ii) the processes of formation of the Mn-carbonates at 2.1 Ga and iii) the architecture and distribution of Mn-rich levels of the protore on the Bangombé Plateau.A detailed sedimentological and petrological study allowed us to redefine the division of the FB into nine units, named U1 to U9 from the base to the top. These units show a fine upward cycle up to U5 and a reverse coarse loop until U9. This division leads to a new interpretation to propose an evolution from a shoreface depositional environment controlled by deltaic currents (U1) to an offshore depositional environment with anoxic conditions (U2). In this basin, a system of submarine fan is developed, feeding a network of sand injections (injectites) covering the Bangombé plateau (70 km²) and with a thickness of 150 m affecting U4 to U7, including the Mn-protore. The protore depositional environment formed below the wave base limit (U4, U5 and U6) in a starved basin, controlled by biochemical sedimentation allowed the formation of Mn-carbonates. The end of starved basin, would allow the re-opening of the detrital input into the offshore basin (U7). This basin is then filled by storm bar deposits intersected by deltaic sub-aquatic channels (U8). The U9 unit corresponds to a quiet lagoon environment, allowing the multicellular organism development for the first time on the planet.A geochemical study allowed the characterization of the depositional environment of Mn-carbonates as an anoxic to sub-oxic and alkaline environment. For the first time, we showed that the manganese carbonates, present as bacteriomorph forms, are precipitated from the seawater by the mediated photosynthetic cyanobacterial activity, which allows CO2 / HCO3 depression of the environment and a local increase of pH. The cyanobacterial activity is controlled by the absence of bottom currents, which increase the detrital input. This would stop the activity of the cyanobacteria and thus would lead to the decrease of the Mn-concentration along the protore.Finally, well-log and a sequential correlation analyses allowed us to detail spatial and timing repartition of FB Formation deposit, controlled by a tectono-sedimentary model. We propose two- tectono-sedimentary phases. A first syn-tectonic phase (U1 to U3) controls the depocentres and sedimentation gaps. Turbidite coarse deposits are located in the most subsident part, clay deposits rather on the slope and carbonates on shoals. A second post-tectonic phase (U4 to U7) allows isopach deposits. The Mn-protore formed during the post-tectonic phase. However, it shows a variable thickness due to subsidence to the north of the Bangombé plateau. So, on the Bangombé plateau, Mn-contents increase towards the south, whereas the protore thickness increases towards the NNE. Moreover sand injectites decrease Mn-content in the eastern part of the Bangombé plateau and impact on the economic evaluation of the Mn-carbonates. Currently, the protore is structured by post-sedimentary faults, which lead to a non-continuity of the high Mn levels on the Bangombé plateau
Ghalei, Mohammad. "Study of the speciation of Tc and its homologous Mn and Re in concentrated carbonate solution under γ and He2+ irradiation." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMNA0226/document.
Full textThis project is one part of the fundamental study and deals with theoxidation/reduction reactions and speciation of technetium and its homologous manganese and rhenium in highly concentrated carbonate solutions under γ and He²⁺ irradiation. Firstly the electrochemistry experiment is carried out for the reduction of Mn(VII) in order to obtain the best experimental conditions. As the experiments are performed under irradiation, the carbonate radicals,which are produced by radiolysis, play an important role in the reactions. The formation and decay kinetics of the carbonate radicals in concentrated carbonate solutions were studied by electron picosecond pulse radiolysis. The reduction of Mn(VII) and the oxidation of Mn(II) experiments in carbonate solution ([CO₃²⁻] = 5 mol.l⁻¹) are carried out under γ and He²⁺ irradiation. By the obtained data from the produced H₂, UV-Vis spectra and the final structure determination, the mechanisms of the reaction are discussed. Re(III)is oxidized easily in concentrated carbonate solution under irradiation (γ and He²⁺) but Re(VII) cannot be reduced unless addition of formate in order to prevent carbonate radical formation. Also Tc(VII) cannot be reduced in concentrated carbonate solutions under irradiation (γ and He²⁺) without formate addition. The oxidation state of the final product of reduction of Tc(VII) was determined by XANES spectroscopy and is +IV. Moreover, the final structure of the product was determined by EXAFS spectroscopy. The mechanisms of reaction, decay and formation radiolytic yield of Tc and also the effect of concentration of carbonate on final product of reduction ofTc(VII) under irradiation are discussed
Rafélis, Saint Sauveur Marc de. "Apport de l'étude de la spéciation du manganèse dans les carbonates pélagiques à la compréhension du contrôle des séquences eustatiques du 3ème ordre." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066396.
Full textLanglet, Denis. "Enregistrement haute fréquence des conditions environnementales par les tests de bivalves : application des techniques de marquage,cathodoluminescence et chimie à l'huître Crassostrea gigas de l' Etang de Thau (Hérault, France)." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066425.
Full textBurté, Luc. "Etude des risques de colmatage et optimisation des procédés de traitement des doublets géothermiques superficiels." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B019/document.
Full textThe sustainability of geothermal systems using shallow aquifers for heating, cooling and hot water production depends on the possibility to ensure, over long time-scales, the production and the reinjection of groundwater in the aquifer. Clogging of the geothermal loop is a major issue affecting the technical and economic viabilities of numerous operations in France. The understanding and prediction of this phenomenon requires new methods of characterization and modelling of biogeochemical processes coupled to the operation of geothermal loops in heterogeneous subsurface environments. This thesis is thus the result of a new collaboration between the Géosciences Rennes lab and Antea group to identify the mechanisms at the origin of clogging phenomena and characterize their controlling parameters, in order to establish a risk assessment tool allowing the anticipation of clogging processes. The first part of the thesis describes the main clogging processes (biogeochemical, chemical, biological and physical). This synthesis is the result of (1) the study of the literature dealing with the clogging of water wells and (2) our feedbacks on the geothermal doublets identified and studied during this thesis. The second part presents the regional inventories of shallow geothermal systems impacted by clogging problems identified in different hydrogeological contexts in France. These inventories provide a large-scale perspective of clogging phenomena and allow to study the contexts associated with each type of clogging processes. In the third part, new methodologies for the in-situ characterization of biogeochemical clogging phenomena linked to manganese and iron oxidation are presented through case studies of sites affected by clogging issues. These interdisciplinary studies couple the measurement of hydraulic properties, chemical element concentrations and bacterial diversity, to identify the specific issue impacting the operation and to define its causes. The fourth part presents the results of an interdisciplinary field campaign carried out on a geothermal doublet impacted by a biogeochemical clogging process. This campaign documented the key components involved in mixing induced biogeochemical reactivity: flow distribution, chemical heterogeneity and microbiological diversity. Using PHREEQC, a geochemical model simulating observed kinetics of precipitation was developed in order to quantitatively explore the biogeochemical mechanisms favoring rapid clogging. Feedback from shallow geothermal systems operation has demonstrated the need for a reliable risk analysis methodology that allowed to anticipate the apparition of clogging processes at each stage of the project life (part 5). From the synthesis of the scientific & technical literature and the conclusions of the studies carried out during this thesis, the risk factors for the appearance of clogging phenomena were determined. A clogging risk analysis integrating these factors was implemented through the development of methods developed under Python 3. The methodology of the ARCADE tool (Analyse des Risques de Colmatage et Aide à la Décision) is designed to assess the risk and to inform users of good practices and preventive methods. These good practices for analysis and preventive methods are presented in the last part of this thesis
Guiyeligou, Grace Daniella. "Étude paléo-environnementale des dépôts manganésifère paléoprotérozoique (2.1 Ga-GABON)." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2321.
Full textPaleoproterozoic is a crucial period in the history of the Earth. One of the major events recorded at that time was the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) from 2.45 to 2.32 Ga. This event will lead to global changes on a global scale. It will impact the physico-chemical conditions by promoting oxidative alteration of the continents. The latter is at the origin of the progressive explosion of photosynthetic cyanobacteria responsible for a significant oxidation of the environment. A complex and organized multicellular life developed as a result of this event. The Paleoproterozoic basin (2.1 to 2.0 Ga) of Franceville, located in southeastern Gabon, shows sedimentary deposits in a very good state of conservation and constitutes an exceptional archive to trace the deposition processes of this period. The francevillian sedimentary series is composed of four lithostratigraphic formations from FA to FD. Manganese accumulations are specifically visible in the plateau areas where the largest reserves are located in the Bangombé and Okouma plateaus. This work pays particular attention to the FB formation and more particularly the FB1b and FB1c subunits located on the Okouma site where iron, phosphorus and manganese deposits are found. A multidisciplinary and multi-scale study was carried out on seven Okouma holes, provided by the mining company Eramet-Comilog. The sedimentological study of the various samples made it possible to divide the holes into three units: 1- lower, consisting of detrital facies and in particular banded heterolithics (FB1b), 2- a so-called transition unit that marks the passage of the FB1b to FB1c formations with carbonate facies rich in pyrite called in this work black shales pyriteux and iron carbonates and 3- a higher unit represented by manganiferous shale blacks or is interposed by fine medium sandstones. These facies testify to the establishment of a marine environment from a phase of transgression that began at the FA-FB transition. Petrographic and mineralogical analyses have revealed clay minerals composed of illite, chlorite and interlayered illite/smectite. The illitization reaction is almost complete (90% illite) as shown by the ordered interlayered (R3). Geochemical analyses show that the FB1b formation is dominated by detrital materials while those of the formation above FB1c are dominated by chemical processes. Similarly, most redox sensitive elements (Mn, Zn, Ni, Co, Co, Mo, Cd and Cu) show a redox change from an oxic environment (FB1b) to anoxic (FB1c)
Eames, Douglas J. "Direct causticizing of sodium carbonate with manganese oxide." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7026.
Full textFerreira, Joaquim Matheus Freire. "Preparação de óxidos de zinco e manganês, via precipitação em solução homogênea, para utilização na agricultura como adubo foliar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97136/tde-27092012-125329/.
Full textThe agriculture in Brazil has been standing out throughout the years as one of the main economical activities of the country. The great extension of the area, the favorable climate, the investments in research and the increase of the world population, has been assisting Brazil to stand out as a world barn. The great challenge, therefore, to a supportable agriculture is to produce more without deforesting the fragments still existing of original forest. That is, one of the methods of research which presents great perspective of development is the research of the use of fertilizer which can promote an efficient supply of the plants nutritional demanding respecting the current environmental protection demand. This work presents a methodology of mustered zinc and manganese oxide preparation to be used in formulations of leaf fertilizer. It was used for it, the precipitation in homogeneous solution method, using the fractioned factorial saturated experiment Packet-Burman as a work tool. Initially, it was studied the influence of the factors as: the type of precipitant agent, rotation of the mechanical shaker, excess of precipitant agent and the order of the addictions of the agents, for they influence directly in the compounds precipitation. It was studied the distribution of the size of the generated particles, taking this changeable response as a standard to a optimizing of the synthesis methodology. With the results obtained by the Planning Placket-Burman it was observed that the factor precipitant agent excess has little influenced the changeable response. From the factors on which most influenced them, it was set a new nuance up, now with a completed factorial planning 2.The factors which more influenced the changeable response were the type of precipitant agent, the order of reagent addiction and the rotation of the mechanic shaker. It was observed, therefore, with the help of the effects, the importance of each factor in the changeable response. The materials obtained were characterized, through the X-Ray diffraction(XRD), thermal analysis(TG), spectroscopy of infrared with transformed of Fourier(FTIR), eletronic microscopy with sweeping (MEV) and espectrophotometry of atomic absortion by flame (ASS). The distribution of the size of particles was 17,01 μm to the hidroxicarbonate of zinc and 5,32 μm to the carbonate of manganese. The hydroxicarbonate of Zinc has presented a level of Zinc around 54,0% and, in this experimental matrix, it was possible to get to a model with a good tunning for this synthesis. The manganese carbonate, on the other hand, has presented a level of manganese around 44,0% and adequate characteristics of particle sizes for being used as foliar fertilizer.
FERNANDES, ALBERTO de A. "Desenvolvimento de processo quimico para obtencao da nsutita (gama-MnO sub(2)) de alta densidade empregada na fabricacao de pilhas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2002. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11021.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
AbouKaïs-Nassrallah, Najat. "Influence du manganèse (II) et du cuivre (II) sur la transformation de la vatérite en calcite en solution aqueuse." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10165.
Full textCependant, pour une concentration d'ions métalliques égale a 10#-#3m nous avons constate un retard de cette transformation de quelques heures pour le mn(II) et de quelques jours pour le cu(II) en raison de la formation de complexes du type (h#2o)#yme#xca#1#-#xco#3 a la surface des micro-grains de vatérite. Nous avons utilise la technique d'analyse de surfaces solides spx : (spectroscopie de photoélectrons induits par rayons x) pour atteindre les coefficients stœchiométriques des différents éléments de surface : c, ca, me et o#carbonate, constituant ces complexes et avons détermine leur quantité d'eau (y) au moyen de la thermogravimétrie. Le calcul thermodynamique nous a permis d'expliquer le phénomène de relative stabilité de ces complexes
Harawa, Esau Tonderai. "Mineralogy and geochemistry of structurally-controlled metasomatic alteration of carbonate-rich manganese ore at Mamatwan Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/4717.
Full textAndersen, Erin R. "Thallium Removal from Drinking Water Using Pyrolusite Filter Media." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7399.
Full textIliescu, Monica. "Etude de la croissance de dépôts de phosphate octacalcique et d'hydroxyapatite dopée en manganèse et carbonate, obtenus par ablation laser sur du titane." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13025.
Full textThis work presents a study of the structural, physicochemical and morphological properties of powders and thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) of biocompatible and bioactifs compounds, namely octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) doped with manganese and carbonate ions. The aim is to improve the biocompatibility of the bone prostheses. The work contains 7 chapters. After a description of the octacalcim phosphate and the hydroxyapatite compounds in the family of the apatite and calcium orthophosphates, the chapter 2 described the PLD technique used for the growth of OCP and doped HA thin layers. The various techniques used for material investigation and characterization, as well as the preparation techniques of transverse cut thin blades for observation by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) are presented in the chapter 3. An original part of this work is the use, for the first time, of the Focused Ion Beam technique (FIB) as preparation method of cross-section thin blades for the observation by TEM of our biological materials deposited on titanium. The chapter 4 presents the experimental results obtained following the physicochemical characterization of the OCP powders synthesized with or without poly-L-aspartate, and of HA powders doped or not with manganese and carbonate ions, while the chapter 5 was dedicated to the characterization of the thin layers of OCP and HA doped, deposited by PLD. The last results are presented in the chapter 6, which consists in a characterization study of the thin layers after degradation tests. The samples were immersed in a solution, which simulates the physiological fluids of the human body (SBF) and then characterized from the physicochemical and morphological point of view
Feng, Xu. "Interaction of Na, O2, CO2 and water on MnO(100): Modeling a complex mixed oxide system for thermochemical water splitting." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77378.
Full textPh. D.
AZZILEY, AZZIBROUCK GEORGES. "Sedimentologie et geochimie du francevillien b (proterozoique inferieur). Metallogenie des gisements de manganese de moanda, gabon." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13041.
Full textPourret, Olivier. "Impact de la matière organique sur le comportement des terres rares en solution : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135155.
Full textLa première partie a été consacrée à deux études expérimentales de l'impact de la complexation organique sur le comportement redox du cérium et l'adsorption des terres rares à la surface d'oxydes de fer et de manganèse. La complexation des terres rares par la matière organique inhibe à la fois, l'oxydation du Ce(III) en Ce(IV) et le développement d'un effet tetrad visible sur les spectres de terres rares des eaux. Cette inhibition est due au développement d'un écran organique entre les terres rares et les surfaces oxydantes/adsorbantes que représentent les oxydes de fer et de manganèse.
La deuxième partie présente une évaluation de deux modèles, Model VI et SHM, quant à leur faculté à prédire la spéciation organique dans les eaux naturelles. La comparaison entre les résultats calculés et les expériences d'ultrafiltration a permis de valider Model VI dans sa capacité à prédire la spéciation des terres rares dans les eaux organiques. Par contre, la divergence entre les résultats obtenus avec SHM et les résultats expérimentaux indique que SHM, dans l'état actuel du programme, n'est pas apte à décrire précisément la spéciation des terres rares dans une eau naturelle. Dans un deuxième temps, cette étude a permis de fournir un jeu de constantes terres rares - acides humiques spécifiques à Model VI, fiables et cohérentes.
La troisième partie de ce travail a été consacrée aux réactions de compétitions entre ligands, acides humiques et carbonates, pour la complexation des terres rares. En fonction du pH et du rapport entre acide humique et carbonate, les terres rares vont se répartir entre ces deux ligands. La compétition entre les deux ligands induit également la formation d'une anomalie positive de cérium sur les acides humiques et négative dans la solution. Un nouveau mécanisme capable de développer sans surface oxydante ou bactérie, une anomalie négative de Ce dans les eaux naturelles a ainsi été mis en évidence.
La matière organique est responsable d'une forte complexation des terres rares dans les eaux naturelles. Une plus grande attention doit donc être portée à cette forme complexée pour étudier le transport des terres rares dans les eaux. Cette étude remet également en cause l'utilisation de l'anomalie de Ce comme témoin des conditions redox dans des eaux riches en matières organiques.
Ramogayana, Brian. "Lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) spinel surfaces and their interaction with the electrolyte content." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3415.
Full textThis dissertation presents the results of the ab-initio based computational studies of spinel lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) bulk, surfaces, and the adsorption of an organic electrolyte, ethylene carbonate. The spinel LiMn2O4 is one of the most promising cathode materials for Lithium-ion batteries because of its affordability, nontoxicity, and improved safety compared to commercially used LiCoO2. However, it also suffers from the irreversible capacity due to the electrolyte-cathode interactions which lead to manganese (Mn) dissolution. Using the spin-polarized density functional theory calculations with on site Coulomb interactions and long-range dispersion corrections [DFT+U−D3−(BJ)], we investigated the bulk properties, surface stability and surface reactivity towards the ethylene carbonate (EC) during charge/discharge processes. Firstly, we explored the structural, electronic, and vibrational bulk properties of the spinel LiMn2O4. It was found that the bulk structure is a stable face-centred cubic structure with a bandgap of 0.041 eV and pseudo-gap at the Fermi level indicating electronic stability. Calculated elastic constants show that the structure is mechanically stable since they obey the mechanical stability criteria. The plotted phonon curves show no imaginary vibrations, indicating vibrational stability. To study the charge/discharge surfaces, we modelled the fully lithiated and the partially delithiated slabs and studied their stability. For the fully lithiated slabs, Li-terminated (001) surface was found to be the most stable facet, which agrees with the reported experimental and theoretical data. However, upon surface delithiation, the surface energies increase, and eventually (111) surface becomes the most stable slab as shown by the reduction of the plane in the particle morphologies. Finally, we explored the surface reactivity towards the ethylene carbonate during charge/discharge processes. The ethylene carbonate adsorption on the fully lithiated and partly delithiated facets turn to enhance the stability of (111) surface. Besides the strong interaction with the (111) surfaces, a negligible charge transfer was calculated, and it was attributed by a large charge rearrangement that takes place within the surfactant upon adsorption. The wavenumbers of the C=O stretching showed a red shifting concerning the isolated EC molecule