Relevant bibliographies by topics / Carbonation in air

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Carbonation in air'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 8 June 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Carbonation in air"

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Khan, Mohammad Iqbal. "Carbonation of High Strength Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.186.

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High strength concrete consisting of binary and ternary blended cementitious systems based on ordinary Portland cement, pulverised fuel ash and silica fume were investigated for carbonation. PFA up to 40% was used and to these blends 0, 5, 10, and 15% SF was incorporated as partial cement replacement. Results of carbonation of concrete cured in mist and air are reported. It was found that carbonation linearly increases with an increase in PFA content. Concrete with OPC only and concrete with 10% SF content showed insignificant change in carbonation when comparing air cured and mist cured concr
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Sheikh Khalid, Faisal, Syazwi Hakimi Saaidin, Mohd Irwan Juki, Nor Hazurina Othman, Syafiqa Ayob, and Zahir Zaid. "Effect of Strength and Carbonation Sand Cement Brick Containing Fly Ash under CO2 Curing." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics 134, no. 1 (2025): 142–50. https://doi.org/10.37934/aram.134.1.142150.

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Carbonation offers a helpful approach to store CO2 inside the cement-based product, which is reduces greenhouse gas emissions and the consequent decrease in global temperature. This study aimed to assess the effects of CO2 curing on the physical and mechanical properties of cement sand brick made using combination fly ash (FA) and Portland cement as cement binary systems. Cement sand brick underwent air curing and accelerated carbonation. The cement sand brick moulds size of 215 mm length x 103 mm width x 65 mm. FA was used to replace cement with substitution of 0, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40%. Afte
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Zhao, Wei Xia, Juan Hong Liu, Ping Yang, Xiao Ning Yuan, and Min Chen. "Effect of Aggregate Pre-Wetting and Air-Entraining Agent on Durability of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 1163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.1163.

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Rapid carbonation test and gas permeability radio method are used to study the durability of lightweight aggregate concrete. The concrete includes foam,lightweight aggregate，pre-wetting and air entraining. The test results show that The combined-effect of air entraining agent(AEA)and aggregate pre-wetting can increase permeability. The anti-carbonation capacity of pre-wetting and air entraining lightweight aggregate concrete is 40% greater than that of ordinary concrete.gas permeability radio of pre-wetting and air entraining lightweight aggregate concrete is half of that foam concrete and exp
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Joyson Silva, P., Binu Sukumar, A. Hemamathi, et al. "Enhancing concrete performance and sustainability through carbonation curing: Effects of fly ash incorporation and mechanical properties evaluation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1409, no. 1 (2024): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1409/1/012028.

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Abstract This research paper intends to assess the characteristics of various concrete samples exposed to carbonation curing. Carbonation curing is a technique used to quicken the solidifying process of concrete by exposing it to carbon dioxide. Concrete treated with carbonation exhibits mechanical and durability properties superior to those treated with moisture. In this study, carbonation-treated concrete was prepared by initially pre-curing and then subjecting it to carbonation curing. The research encompassed testing different properties of concrete specimens treated with carbonation, incl
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Dheilly, Rose-Marie, Yahya Sebaibi, Joseph Tudo, and Michèle Queneudec. "Importance de la présence de magnésie dans le stockage de la chaux: carbonatation de l'oxyde et de l'hydroxyde de magnésium." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 8 (1998): 1188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-126.

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The influence of relative air moisture, temperature, and concentration of carbon dioxide on the carbonation of magnesium oxide and hydroxide have been studied in normal climatic conditions. The MgO and Mg(OH)2 used for this original work are pure granular materials. The different species that appear during the process of carbonation and the most stable form in usual conditions of storage were identified. Moreover, the study of the different climatic factors showed that the carbonation is never complete even after a prolonged exposure.Key words: carbonation, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide
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FAUSTINO, Pedro, Fábio GONÇALVES, Ana BRÁS, and Ângela NUNES. "LIFETIME PREDICTION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES IN CARBONATION ENVIRONMENTS CARBONATION MODELLING VS AIR PERMEABILITY MODELLING." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 23, no. 2 (2017): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2015.1068849.

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This article compares two models for the prediction of lifetimes of reinforced concrete structures in carbona­tion environments based on different tests: carbonation test-based modelling and air permeability test-based modelling. The study also includes experimental testing of five concrete mixes with different types of cement in order to validate the models using safety factors. The tests included compressive strength, accelerated carbonation and air permeability. Both models are defined in a European standard as being alternative to each other, meaning that their results for the same concret
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Tassos, Christos, Kosmas Sideris, Alexandros Chatzopoulos, Nikolaos Pistofidis, and Emmanouil Chaniotakis. "Influence of cement type on carbonation of concrete mixtures." MATEC Web of Conferences 163 (2018): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816305005.

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This research aims to investigate the influence of cement type to carbonation. For this purpose mixtures of four different cement mortars and eight different concretes that have been prepared with four different cements were left exposed for one year in open air in northern Greece. Results indicate that the type of cement influences the carbonation rate. Concrete mixtures produced according to the definitions of EN 206 standard perform lower service life against carbonation induced corrosion if the choice of the cement type is not carefully examined.
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Schmitt, Lucie, Jena Jeong, Jean-Marc Potier, et al. "Using an analysis of concrete and cement epd: verification, selection, assessment, benchmarking and target setting." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 33 (March 3, 2022): 546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2022.33.0546.

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Carbonation of concretes is a natural physico-chemical process that can be described as a reaction between the carbon dioxide contained in the air and the cement matrix. Carbonation concerns all concretes types in contact with the ambient air but also concretes in ground, from production stage to use and end-of-life stages. The amount of carbon dioxide bound varies according to the type of binder, the compacity of concrete and the environmental conditions during the use and the end-of-life stages. To consider the re-carbonation of concrete, works have been carried out within the framework of t
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Haibier, Abuduhelili, and Yong Xin Wu. "Effects of Mineral Admixtures on Carbonation and Chloride Ingress of Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 212-213 (October 2012): 878–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.878.

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Reinforcement corrosion is one important factor affecting the durability and safety of reinforced concrete structures. Concrete carbonation and chloride ion penetration is the main cause leading to steel corrosion, also important indicators affecting the service life of concrete structures. An accelerated carbonation experiment and Chloride penetration experiment was carried out on ordinary Portland cement (OPC) concrete and admixture concrete in various conditions. Eight concrete specimens of different mixture properties were tested in experiment. Resistance of OPC concrete system with and wi
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TANAKA, RYOICHI, TAKASHI HABUCHI, TAKAHIKO AMINO, and TSUTOMU FUKUTE. "A STUDY ON IMPROVEMENT AND ITS EVALUATION FOR THE SURFACE LAYER OF CONCRETE PLACED WITH PERMEABLE FORM." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 06 (January 2012): 664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512003947.

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Permeable form can improve the quality of the surface layer of concrete and can enhance the durability of concrete structures. In this study, the improvement and its evaluation for the surface layer of concrete placed with permeable form were investigated. For these purposes, accelerated carbonation test, chloride ion penetration test, air permeability test, rebound hummer test and water permeability test were conducted using the concrete specimen. As a result, it was found that the air permeability correlates the carbonation depth, chloride ion penetration depth, rebound number and water perm
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbonation in air"

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Pesce, Gianluca. "Study of carbonation in novel lime based materials." Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629662.

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This research advances the current understanding of the carbonation reaction in porous materials by investigating pH changes during the hardening process of lime, the role of pore-water in the dissolution process of calcium hydroxide and the effects of pore size on precipitation of calcium carbonate solid phases. To achieve this, carbonation is studied within a thin film of an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide, that simulates the conditions existing in porous media once most of the liquid water has evaporated. The research introduces novel approaches such as the use of specially manufactur
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Lawrence, Robert Michael Heathcote. "A study of carbonation in non-hydraulic lime mortars." Thesis, University of Bath, 2006. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438646.

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Lime has been used in construction for millennia, and its value, especially in the field of conservation architecture, has only recently been rediscovered. Lime mortars harden through carbonation, and this thesis is a study of that process. The research conducted has resulted in the development of two novel techniques for the measurement and detection of carbonation. The first technique is a method of thermogravimetric analysis which allows the carbonation profile to be measured within an acceptable time-frame. The second technique is the use of drilling resistance measurement to visualise the
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Al-Kindy, Adil. "Macro and microclimate effects on cover zone properties of field cured concrete." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12446.

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Three sets of concrete blocks were cast to investigate the effects of natural exposure conditions, at the macro and microclimate scale, and field curing on the performance and durability of OPC and OPCjGGBS concretes. These are termed the Loughborough winter series, the Loughborough summer series and the Muscat summer series. Three concrete mixes were investigated in the two Loughborough series (30 and 50 MPa OPC concrete mixes and a 30 MPa OPCjGGBS concrete mix) and two in the Muscat weather series (the two 30 MPa concretes). A group of specimens were cast with each mix consisting of 600 x 50
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Barbar, Joseph Salem. "Influência do teor de ar incorporado no desempenho de concretos com diferentes teores de agregados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/102/102131/tde-23012017-100027/.

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A utilização de aditivos incorporadores de ar em concretos é uma prática comum na construção civil e sua aplicação influencia significativamente diversas propriedades do concreto no estado fresco e endurecido. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência do teor de ar incorporado, por meio de aditivo, no desempenho de concretos com diferentes teores de agregados. O programa experimental incluiu avaliação da eficiência de aditivos na incorporação de ar em pastas de cimento, análise microestrutural e ensaios para determinação de propriedades físicas, mecânicas e de durabilidade de concretos
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Cafange, Daniele Maria Pilla Junqueira. "Estudo de métodos e medidas auxiliares para o controle da resistência à carbonatação de concretos estruturais de cimento Portland." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-06042011-130020/.

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A durabilidade das estruturas de concreto armado deve ser alcançada, entre outros fatores, pela adequação do concreto frente ao meio ambiente para proteger as armaduras pelas características da camada de cobrimento. Assim, concretos precisam ser corretamente especificados no projeto estrutural e ter a sua qualidade controlada durante a produção e aplicação. Pela ABNT NBR 6118 (2007), os concretos passaram a ser especificados por classes de fck associadas a outras variáveis de dosagem e produção, como relação água/cimento máxima e consumo mínimo de cimento por metro cúbico. Mas, continuam invar
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Nominé, Anna V. "Synthesis of Bi₂O₂CO₃ nanosheets by electrical discharges in liquids for photocatalytic and nanoelectronic applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0357.

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Ce travail fournit des informations sur la synthèse de feuillets nanométriques ultrafins composés de Bi₂O₂CO₃, ci-après dénommé BOC. La synthèse est réalisée par une technique rapide et simple connue sous le signe EDDL correspondant au procédé de décharges électriques dans les liquides diélectriques. Pour assurer la reproductibilité de la synthèse, une méthode de prétraitement impliquant la gravure d'électrodes de bismuth avec du Nital a été employée. Le processus choisi consiste à initier des décharges électriques entre ces électrodes alors qu'elles sont immergées soit dans l'azote liquide, s
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Amponsah-Dacosta, Maxwell. "Mineralogical characterization of South African mine tailings with aim of evaluating their potential for the purposes of mineral carbonation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25014.

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South Africa is an energy intensive economy which primarily relies on the burning of fossil fuel such as coal. The South African coal energy sector accounts for approximately 420 million metric tonnes of carbon dioxide emitted per annum. With present alarming concerns with regards to the ever-increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations resulting in global warming and climate change, several mitigation strategies have to be implemented. A majority of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies require monitoring from potential leakages, making the process expensive. However, a benign
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Menegato, Elisa. "Ottimizzazione dei sistemi di raffreddamento di uno stabilimento di produzione di intermedi chimici." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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Per il corretto funzionamento dei processi chimici ogni impianto è fornito di una rete di servizi di stabilimento, tra cui i sistemi di raffreddamento, oggetto del lavoro di tesi. Tale lavoro è stato sviluppato durante un tirocinio svolto presso l’azienda Mater-biotech di Rovigo, con lo scopo di esaminare i sistemi di raffreddamento presenti in stabilimento, di individuare le aree critiche e di fornire delle proposte di modifica compatibili con i vincoli di impianto. Dopo il Capitolo 1, di carattere introduttivo, nel Capitolo 2 si descrive lo stabilimento, delineandone la collocazione, la st
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Hsueh, Tsang-Lin, and 薛蒼林. "STUDY ON CARBONATION BEHAVIOR OF AIR-ENTRAINING CONCRETE." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b83kz3.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>土木工程學系碩博士班<br>90<br>Abstract In this study, accelerated carbonation equipment was used to increase the concrete specimen carbonation. The changes of air-entraining concrete inmechanics, physical character, electrical character, and microstructure were explored after carbonation accelerated under different water-cement ratio and curing conditions.These were determined through the tests of compression strength, bending strength, splitting strength, sorpvitity, water absorption, electric infiltration capacity, resistivity, ultrasonic wave propagation velocity measurement, MIP
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Books on the topic "Carbonation in air"

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Direct Air Capture and Mineral Carbonation Approaches for Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration. National Academies Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/25132.

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Book chapters on the topic "Carbonation in air"

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Radonjanin, Vlastimir, Mirjana Malešev, Ivan Lukić, Slobodan Šupić, Mirjana Laban, and Olivera Bukvić. "Possible Utilization of Used Precast Building Elements Through Consideration of Concrete Carbonation Degree." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57800-7_49.

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AbstractSignificant changes in the strategic goals of the construction sector at the global level have been visible in recent years. By implementing the fundamental principles of sustainable development and circular economy, the modern construction industry tries to contribute to a healthier environment by reducing CO2 emissions, minimizing waste landfills, and preserving non-renewable natural resources. The possibilities of reusing prefabricated concrete elements of existing buildings instead of their traditional recycling on a material level or disposing of them in landfills are analyzed in
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Demura, Katsunori, and Toshikatsu Saito. "Effect of Polymer Content on Properties of Polymer Cement Mortar." In Springer Proceedings in Materials. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-72955-3_25.

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AbstractIn this paper, the volume fraction of polymer as a solid in the polymer cement mortar (PCM) is defined as the polymer content. The effect of the polymer content on the properties such as the flexural and compressive strengths, water permeability, carbonation and chloride ion penetration of PCM is discussed. As a result, the equation of the effective factor (F) for the properties of the PCM by using the water-cement ratio (W/C), polymer content (Vp), and volume fractions of air (Va) and sand (Vs) is established as “F = (1-W/C)(1 + AVp)(1-Va)(1 + 5Vs)”. The empirical constant (A) is the
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Ozcelikci, Emircan, Alper Aldemir, and Mustafa Sahmaran. "Efficient Recovery of Valuable Resources from Construction and Demolition Waste Towards Circular Economy in Construction Industry—Sustainability Assessment and a Case Study." In Creating a Roadmap Towards Circularity in the Built Environment. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45980-1_14.

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AbstractConsiderably high amounts of CO2 release to the atmosphere trigger global warming. Although there are several methods to reduce the level of CO2 release, the extent is still very limited and recently-growing awareness of sustainabil-ity/global warming have been pushing the entire construction industry to seek alternative methods for rigorously lowering/eliminating the level of CO2. The key strategic objective of the study is to develop eco-friendly/innovative, 100% CDW-based construction materials and demountable structural systems. This study aims to achieve higher levels of circulari
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Imamoto, Kei-ichi, Rui Neves, and Roberto Torrent. "Carbonation rate in old structures assessed with air-permeability site NDT." In Maintenance, Monitoring, Safety, Risk and Resilience of Bridges and Bridge Networks. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315207681-18.

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lmamoto, Kei-ichi, Kazuyuki Shimozawa, Masaru Nagayama, Junji Yamasaki, and Akio Tanaka. "Evaluation of carbonation progress of existing concrete structure based on air permeability of concrete cover." In Life-Cycle of Civil Engineering Systems. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17618-179.

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Han, Xuesong, Yong Sun, Huaiqian Xiao, Sheng Dai, Yue Ding, and Fei Xu. "Study on Cycling Damage of Abrasion and Carbonization on Ship Lock Concrete." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220882.

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In the actual working conditions, the ship lock concrete is affected by the friction of the ship’s hull and erosion and wear of the ship’s traveling wave during the flood period and is damaged by CO2 in the air during the waterfall period. To study the performance degradation law of the ship lock concrete under this working condition, the underwater method was used to approximate the physical wear in the rising water period, and the accelerated carbonization was used to simulate the CO2 erosion in the falling water period. The duration of abrasion and carbonization are determined according to
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Kareem, Anasna, and Dipak Kumar Sahoo. "Review on the Importance of Coarse Recycled Concrete Aggregates as Alternative Construction Materials." In Advanced Materials In Civil Engineering. Grinrey Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55084/grinrey/rtm/978-81-964105-5-1_4.

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Recycled concrete aggregates are one of the most important supplementary building materials used in the production of "green concrete" or recycled aggregate concrete. They are collected from construction and demolition trash, which decreases construction industry waste (RAC). By size, aggregates are divided into coarse and fine aggregate. Focus of research is on the replacement of coarse aggregate in concrete using coarse recycled concrete aggregate (CRCA). It is vital to provide a major overview on the main developments and advancements in the characterization of CRCA and in the comprehension
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"Evaluation of carbonation progress of existing concrete structure based on air permeability of concrete cover—a case study in Japan." In Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting III. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12750-50.

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Okereke, Chukwuemeka Joshua, Olumuyiwa A. Lasode,, and Idehai O. Ohijeagbon. "Exergoeconomic Analysis as a Cost-Control Mechanism in Manufacturing Operations." In Creativity Models for Innovation in Management and Engineering. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2339-4.ch009.

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The aim of the study is to demonstrate the application of exergoeconomic analysis as a cost control mechanism in manufacturing operations with a focus on industrial beverage carbonation system. Exergoeconomic analysis is a thermodynamic tool that can identify cost rate of exergy destruction (hidden cost) associated with a machine or a system that cannot be identified using typical cost management techniques applied in industries. Exergy analysis was performed to examine the performance parameters of each unit in the system using mass and energy balance. Cost rate of exergy destruction was perf
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Bakamwesiga Hilary, Mwakali Jackson, Sengendo Stephen, and Thelandersson Sven. "Impact of environmental exposure on concrete strength in highway bridges in Uganda." In Construction Materials and Structures. IOS Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-466-4-861.

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Deterioration of concrete structures is a worldwide problem. Environmental exposure is known to affect concrete strength in structures. While moisture affects rebound values by lowering them, carbonation does the opposite. The aim of the study was to determine the in-situ concrete strength of three bridge elements, namely, pier, abutment and deck and evaluate the environmental conditions such as moisture and abrasive forces on the near surface of concrete. Acknowledging that destructive tests on concrete are expensive and time consuming, this research used rebound hammer test &amp;ndash; a non
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Conference papers on the topic "Carbonation in air"

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Jesus, Richard De, Charmille Keith Abesamis, Glenn Hanson Co, and Joniel Lance Tan. "Quantifying Carbon Dioxide in Biochar Concrete Using Thermogravimetric Analysis." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.3166.

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&lt;p&gt;In this study, concrete with biochar was investigated for its carbon sequestration capability. Biochar was used as a partial replacement of concrete in 3%, 6%, and 10% replacement by weight. Concrete cylinder specimens were cured under water for 28 days, then placed in an open-air area for 21 days for CO2 exposure. Quantification of carbon dioxide trapped in concrete was measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Compression and split tension tests were also performed to verify that the incorporation of biochar in concrete did not compromise its strength. SEM-EDX was also perfor
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Choi, Yoon-Seok, K. Channa R. De Silva, Xiang Yong, David Young, and Srdjan Nesic. "Criteria for Protective Film Growth on Carbon Steel Rebar in a Carbonation Process." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-11195.

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Abstract The motivation behind this research was to determine if an iron carbonate (FeCO3) layer can be effective for prevention of CO2 corrosion of steel rebars, associated with production and use of carbonated calcium silicate cement-based concrete. Laboratory scale experiments were conducted on optimizing the conditions utilized to form a protective FeCO3 layer on reinforcement steel by controlling solution chemistry, temperature, and surface condition. Subsequently, the rebar with protective layers formed under different conditions was exposed to a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution in air, representa
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O’Dea, Vaughn, Tim Fitzgerald, and Michael Lovell. "Coating Concrete with High-Performance Protective Linings: Understanding Mechanisms of Outgassing-induced Film Defects." In CONFERENCE 2025. AMPP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2025-00089.

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Abstract Ordinary portland cement concrete is the most predominately used construction material for the building of chemical containment and immersion service structures in the municipal water and wastewater treatment industry. Protecting concrete with high-performance protective linings is crucial for preventing the deterioration of water and wastewater treatment structures from chemical attack, chloride ingress, and carbonation. The application of high-performance protective linings to hardened concrete—which includes shotcrete and cementitious repair mortars—can be a challenge due to its in
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Math, Sujay, Clem Firlotte, and Ali Akbar Sohanghpurwala. "Condition assessment, ICCP design, installation and commissioning of a carbonated and salt contaminated reinforced concrete parking deck." In CORROSION 2015. NACE International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2015-05696.

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Abstract The Port Authority of Alleghany County (Pittsburgh), PA operates a garage facility where public transit busses are maintained and repaired. The roof of this garage is an open air reinforced concrete parking deck for employee and authority vehicles. This reinforced concrete slab has been subjected to both deicing salts on the top side and carbonation from the maintenance and repair operations on the bottom, which have caused corrosion damage to the reinforcing steel. The Port Authority has let a contract to repair this parking deck with a desired life expectancy of 25 years. This paper
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Zamanzadeh, Mehrooz, George T. Bayer, Kevin Groll, Shawn McArdle, and John Parks. "Assessment, Selection, and Specification of Cathodic Protection Measures in Reinforced Concrete Infrastructures and Historic Buildings." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07307.

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Abstract A proven methodology for providing assessment, selection and specification of cathodic protection measures in reinforced concrete infrastructures and historic buildings is described. An on-site condition evaluation survey is first required. Evaluation and survey will consist of implementation of several analysis techniques including visual examination to detect defects, petrography to determine concrete condition, and various electrochemical measurements such as half cell potential mapping, linear polarization, continuity, stray current identification and resistivity. Laboratory analy
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del Carlo, Federica, Simone Celati, and Silvia Caprili. "The Impact of Climate Change Scenarios on The Time-Dependent Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Structure." In IABSE Symposium, Tokyo 2025: Environmentally Friendly Technologies and Structures: Focusing on Sustainable Approaches. International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2025. https://doi.org/10.2749/tokyo.2025.0388.

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&lt;p&gt;The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has extensively documented rising global temperatures, increased rainfall, and higher CO2 concentrations. Increased CO2 levels could influence the penetration rate of the carbonation front through the concrete cover, leading to a faster de-passivation of the rebars. The resulting reduction of the steel area, concrete spalling, and loss of confinement, pose higher safety risks. Despite the importance of predictive models for assessing climate change impacts, they are often overlooked in structural standards. This paper aims to approa
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Sivalingam, Senthoorselvan, Stephan Gleis, Hartmut Spliethoff, Craig Hawthorne, Alexander Charitos, and Guenter Scheffknecht. "Analysis and Comparison of Reactivity and CO2 Capture Capacity of Fresh Calcium-Based Sorbents and Samples From a Lab-Scale Dual Fluidized Bed Calcium Looping Facility." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22192.

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Naturally occurring limestone and samples from a lab scale dual fluidized bed (DFB) calcium looping (CaL) test facility were analysed in a thermo gravimetric analyser (TGA). The reactivity of the samples evaluated at typical carbonation conditions prevailed in the carbonator was compared with raw samples. Carbonations were carried out at 600, 650 &amp;700°C and 5, 10 &amp;15 vol-% CO2 atmosphere using a custom designed sample holder that provided ideal conditions for solid gas contact in a TGA. The rate of carbonation and carbonation capacity of the samples were compared with respect to the fo
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Uibu, M., O. Velts, A. Trikkel, and R. Kuusik. "Reduction of CO2emissions by carbonation of alkaline wastewater." In AIR POLLUTION 2008. WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air080321.

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Senthoorselvan, Sivalingam, Stephan Gleis, Spliethoff Hartmut, Patrik Yrjas, and Mikko Hupa. "Cyclic Carbonation and Calcination Studies of Limestone and Dolomite for CO2 Separation From Combustion Flue Gases." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50987.

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Naturally occurring limestone and dolomite samples, originating from different geographical locations, were tested as potential sorbents for carbonation/calcination based CO2 capture from combustion flue gases. Samples have been studied in a thermo gravimetric analyzer under a simulated flue gas conditions at three calcination temperatures, viz., 750°C, 875°C and 930°C for four Carbonation Calcination Reaction (CCR) cycles. The dolomite sample exhibited the highest rate of carbonation than the tested limestones. At 3rd cycle, its CO2 capture capacity per kg of sample was nearly equal to that o
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Húlek, Lukáš, Michal Bačuvčík, Ivan Janotka, Jakub Gašpárek, and Peter Paulík. "Cement-Based Coating as Concrete Anti-Carbonation Barrier." In Non-Traditional Cement and Concrete 2023 conference. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-69mmrs.

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During the research study focused on 100-year-old concrete bridges, a couple of them were found with a very low carbonation depth under an ordinary cement-based protective render coat (PRC). Phenolphthalein test showed at this place carbonation depth up to 2 mm. Bridge concrete was carbonated up to 80 mm, when a PRC spalled up. Close correlation between the surface permeability of a PRC estimated by the Torrent method and the carbonation depth of the base concrete beneath it, was observed. Most of the PRCs appeared to be almost impermeable showing the coefficient of permeability below 0.01 × 1
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