Relevant bibliographies by topics / Carbone isotope

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Carbone isotope'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Carbone isotope"

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Sare, David T. J., John S. Millar, and Frederick J. Longstaffe. "Tracing dietary protein in red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi) using stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon." Canadian Journal of Zoology 83, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z05-064.

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We examined the stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon in a small mammal, the red-backed vole (Clethroinomys gapperi (Vigors, 1830)), to determine if isotope signatures reflect diet composition. Nitrogen- and carbon-isotope ratios in tissues from voles maintained on different protein levels in the laboratory were compared with wild-trapped voles. The isotopic fractionation of dietary nitrogen and carbon was also examined as food was digested in the stomach, incorporated into bone collagen, bioapatite, and hair, and excreted as feces. Nitrogen and carbon isotopes were fractionated differently depending on the isotopic composition and protein content of the diet. δ15N and δ13C values appear to be influenced by factors in addition to diet, such as macronutrients metabolized for respiration, metabolic rate, and periods of protein shortage.
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Meister, Patrick, and Carolina Reyes. "The Carbon-Isotope Record of the Sub-Seafloor Biosphere." Geosciences 9, no. 12 (December 5, 2019): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9120507.

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Sub-seafloor microbial environments exhibit large carbon-isotope fractionation effects as a result of microbial enzymatic reactions. Isotopically light, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) derived from organic carbon is commonly released into the interstitial water due to microbial dissimilatory processes prevailing in the sub-surface biosphere. Much stronger carbon-isotope fractionation occurs, however, during methanogenesis, whereby methane is depleted in 13C and, by mass balance, DIC is enriched in 13C, such that isotopic distributions are predominantly influenced by microbial metabolisms involving methane. Methane metabolisms are essentially mediated through a single enzymatic pathway in both Archaea and Bacteria, the Wood–Ljungdahl (WL) pathway, but it remains unclear where in the pathway carbon-isotope fractionation occurs. While it is generally assumed that fractionation arises from kinetic effects of enzymatic reactions, it has recently been suggested that partial carbon-isotope equilibration occurs within the pathway of anaerobic methane oxidation. Equilibrium fractionation might also occur during methanogenesis, as the isotopic difference between DIC and methane is commonly on the order of 75‰, which is near the thermodynamic equilibrium. The isotopic signature in DIC and methane highly varies in marine porewaters, reflecting the distribution of different microbial metabolisms contributing to DIC. If carbon isotopes are preserved in diagenetic carbonates, they may provide a powerful biosignature for the conditions in the deep biosphere, specifically in proximity to the sulphate–methane transition zone. Large variations in isotopic signatures in diagenetic archives have been found that document dramatic changes in sub-seafloor biosphere activity over geological time scales. We present a brief overview on carbon isotopes, including microbial fractionation mechanisms, transport effects, preservation in diagenetic carbonate archives, and their implications for the past sub-seafloor biosphere and its role in the global carbon cycle. We discuss open questions and future potentials of carbon isotopes as archives to trace the deep biosphere through time.
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Pollard, A. M. "Isotopes and impact: a cautionary tale." Antiquity 85, no. 328 (May 2011): 631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00068034.

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There can be no doubt that isotopic studies have made a huge contribution to archaeology in recent years, so much so that isotope archaeology is now seen as an essential subdiscipline of archaeology in much the same way as isotope geochemistry is a key subdiscipline of geochemistry. Ignoring for current purposes the contribution made by the measurement of a particular radioactive isotope of carbon (14C) since 1950, we can date the beginnings of isotope archaeology to the mid 1960s with the first measurements of lead isotopes in archaeological metals and slags by Brill and Wampler (1965, 1967). This was followed by carbon stable isotopes in human bone collagen in the late 1970s, building on previous work measuring σ13C in archaeological bone for radiocarbon determinations (Vogel & Van der Merwe 1977; Van der Merwe & Vogel 1978). Other isotopes followed rapidly, such as nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur and hydrogen for archaeological, palaeoecological or palaeoclimatological purposes and, more recently, the heavier radiogenic isotopes of strontium and neodymium for determining the provenance of organic and inorganic materials (Pollard & Heron 2008).
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Passey, Benjamin H. "Reconstructing Terrestrial Environments Using Stable Isotopes in Fossil Teeth and Paleosol Carbonates." Paleontological Society Papers 18 (November 2012): 167–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600002606.

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Carbon isotopes in Neogene-age fossil teeth and paleosol carbonates are commonly interpreted in the context of past distributions of C3 and C4 vegetation. These two plant types have very different distributions in relation to climate and ecology, and provide a robust basis for reconstructing terrestrial paleoclimates and paleoenvironments during the Neogene. Carbon isotopes in pre-Neogene fossil teeth are usually interpreted in the context of changes in the δ13C value of atmospheric CO2, and variable climate-dependent carbon-isotope discrimination in C3 plants. Carbon isotopes in pre-Neogene soil carbonates can be used to estimate past levels of atmospheric CO2. Oxygen isotopes in fossil teeth and paleosol carbonates primarily are influenced by the oxygen isotopic compositions of ancient rainfall and surface waters. The oxygen isotopic composition of rainfall is has a complex, but tractable, relationship with climate, and variably relates to temperature, elevation, precipitation amount, and other factors. Mammal species that rely on moisture in dietary plant tissues to satisfy their water requirements (rather than surface drinking water) may have oxygen isotopic compositions that track aridity. Thus, oxygen isotopes of fossil mammals can place broad constraints on paleoaridity. Carbonate clumped isotope thermometry allows for reconstruction of soil temperatures at the time of pedogenic carbonate mineralization. The method is unique because it is the only thermodynamically based isotopic paleothermometer that does not require assumptions about the isotopic composition of the fluid in which the archive mineral formed. Soil temperature reflects a complex interplay of air temperature, solar radiative heating, latent heat effects, soil thermal diffusivity, and seasonal variations of these parameters. Because plants and most animals live in and/or near the soil, soil temperature is an important aspect of terrestrial (paleo)climate.
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Miljević, Nada, and Dušan Golobočanin. "Potential Use of Environmental Isotopes in Pollutant Migration Studies." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2007): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10004-007-0015-5.

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Potential Use of Environmental Isotopes in Pollutant Migration StudiesThis article presents the use of natural abundance stable isotope (hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine) analysis data as a tool for providing important information about the origin of contaminants, the contribution of different sources to a multi-source plume, characterisation of their complex transport (rate and mechanisms) and for evaluating the success of contaminated site remediation. Isotopic signatures of contaminants are useful tracers of their sources, while isotopic fractionation can be used to quantitatively assess the progress of an environmental process such as biodegradation. This new isotopic approach is reliable and can offer more information than traditional techniques in pollutant migration studies, particularly after waste disposal. During biological degradation of any organic compound, molecules containing lighter isotopes are degraded, and the portion of heavier isotopes in the substrate is increased, identifying specific microbial roles in biogeochemical cycling. Since isotopic fractionation is proportional to degradation, depending on the type of contamination, a microbial degradation of 50% to 99% of the initial concentration can be quantified using isotope ratio measurements.
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Swart, Peter K., and Jim J. Leder. "The utility of stable isotopic signatures in coral skeletons." Paleontological Society Papers 1 (October 1996): 249–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000127.

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There is a fundamental ecologic differentiation between zooxanthellate and non-zooxanthellate corals. This paper reviews factors which govern the stable carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of these groups of corals. Although the stable carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of coral skeletons are strongly influenced by environmental and physiological factors, the precise mechanisms remain a matter of debate. In particular the oxygen isotopic composition is known to be governed by the temperature and the oxygen isotopic composition of the water and perhaps also by kinetic factors. In contrast the carbon isotopic composition is controlled by a combination of photosynthesis, respiration, autotrophy, heterotrophy, and the isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon. Using a combination of carbon and oxygen isotopes it is possible to distinguish zooxanthellate from non-zooxanthellate corals.
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Benbow, Timothy J., Alan R. Hayman, Robert Van Hale, and Russell Frew. "Preparation of aqueous fatty acids for hydrogen and carbon stable isotope analysis by solid phase extraction." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 4 (2013): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12192.

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Stable isotope analyses of fatty acids in environmental waters provides important information as to their source(s). Analysis is often confounded due to low concentrations of fatty acids and/or a complex sample matrix requiring separation of the target analyte. The purpose of this study was to validate a method to extract fatty acids from natural waters using solid phase extraction (SPE) before compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA). Three SPE cartridges and multiple eluting solvents were tested to determine the efficiency, isotopic fractionation, and reproducibility of each extraction technique. Our results indicated that surface-modified styrene divinylbenzene cartridges, when eluted with methanol, caused negligible fractionation of the hydrogen isotopes and minimal fractionation of the carbon isotopes, but that isotopic fractionation occurred when compounds were only partially eluted from SPE cartridges. Compounds were also extracted from landfill leachate using both SPE and liquid–liquid extraction (LLE). The hydrogen isotope composition (δ2H) of compounds extracted from water using either method were within experimental precision and the carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of all but one fatty acid were within experimental precision. Therefore, these experiments prove the aforementioned SPE methods to be a convenient and precise method to extract fatty acids from natural waters before CSIA.
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Malpica-Cruz, Luis, Sharon Z. Herzka, Oscar Sosa-Nishizaki, and Juan Pablo Lazo. "Tissue-specific isotope trophic discrimination factors and turnover rates in a marine elasmobranch: empirical and modeling results." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 3 (March 2012): 551–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-172.

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There are very few studies reporting isotopic trophic discrimination factors and turnover rates for marine elasmobranchs. A controlled laboratory experiment was conducted to estimate carbon and nitrogen isotope trophic discrimination factors and isotope turnover rates for blood, liver, muscle, cartilage tissue, and fin samples of neonate to young-of-the-year leopard sharks ( Triakis semifasciata ). Trophic discrimination factors varied (0.13‰–1.98‰ for δ13C and 1.08‰–1.76‰ for δ15N). Tissues reached or were close to isotopic equilibrium to the new diet after about a threefold biomass gain and 192 days. Liver and blood exhibited faster isotope turnover than muscle, cartilage tissue, and fin samples, and carbon isotopes turned over faster than those of nitrogen. Metabolic turnover contributed substantially to isotopic turnover, which differs from most reports for young marine teleosts. We modeled the relationship between muscle turnover rates and shark size by coupling laboratory results with growth rate estimates for natural populations. Model predictions for small, medium, and large wild leopard sharks indicate the time to isotopic equilibrium is from one to several years.
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Arneson, Lynne S., Stephen MacAvoy, and Ethan Basset. "Metabolic protein replacement drives tissue turnover in adult mice." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 992–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-081.

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Stable isotopes are increasingly being used to examine ecological and physiological questions, such as dietary choices, migration routes and timing, and physiological condition. To address these questions in the field, laboratory experiments must be done to determine diet–tissue discrimination values and turnover rates for stable isotopes in tissues. In this study, we examined the carbon and nitrogen turnover rates of whole blood, skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, heart, and brain, as well as the sulfur turnover rate of whole blood, skeletal muscle, and liver in Mus musculus L., 1758 following a diet change. By examining tissue isotope change in two groups of mice fed different diets, we found that tissues turnover at different rates (in order of fastest to slowest — liver, kidney, heart, brain, whole blood, skeletal muscle), but that carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotopes turned over with similar half-lives within a single tissue. By using a diet with different nutrient isotopic values, we also calculated that up to approximately 90%–95% of carbon in newly synthesized tissue was contributed by dietary protein. These results will provide field researchers with additional tissue isotopic half-lives to elucidate dietary history with a greater degree of certainty. The tissue sulfur half-lives provide an extra stable isotope that may be used in situations where carbon and nitrogen values do not differ between old and new nutrient sources.
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Кулешова, Т. Э., Е. С. Павлова, and Н. Р. Галль. "Фракционирование изотопов углерода -=SUP=-13-=/SUP=-С/-=SUP=-12-=/SUP=-С из углекислого газа атмосферы в продукты фотосинтеза в листьях растений в зависимости от спектральных характеристик световой среды." Письма в журнал технической физики 46, no. 16 (2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2020.16.49848.18333.

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We have studied influence of the light with various spectral characteristics, coming to plants during its growth, on the distribution of carbon isotopes between atmospheric carbon dioxide and the primary products of photosynthesis in plant leaves, using the developed set of methods and laboratory setups. The difference between the carbon isotopic composition in the air near the plants and in their leaves varies from 7 to 19 ‰, increase in the red component of the spectrum resulting in leave enrichment with light carbon isotope 12C. This difference reflects the degree of isotope fractionation during the plant life, characterizes the rate of carbon assimilation due to photosynthetic reactions, and can be used as a phytomonitoring parameter.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Carbone isotope"

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Barral, Cuesta Abel. "The carbon isotope composition of the fossil conifer Frenelopsis as a proxy for reconstructing Cretaceous atmospheric CO2." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1148.

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Le Crétacé a été une période d'instabilité climatique et du cycle du carbone, dont le CO2 atmosphérique a été désigné comme le driver majeur. Cependant, les reconstitutions du CO2 atmosphérique ne reflètent ni les dynamiques climatiques ni les grands évènements de perturbation du cycle du carbone décrits pour cette période. J'ai utilisé la composition isotopique de carbone de la plante fossile Frenelopsis (d13Cleaf) comme un nouvel proxy pour reconstituer le CO2 atmosphérique du Crétacé en termes de composition isotopique de carbone (d13CCO2) et de concentration (pCO2). La première courbe de d13CCO2 pour toute la durée du Crétacé a été construite à partir du d13C des carbonates marins. Sa comparaison avec des estimations de d13CCO2 à partir du d13Cleaf a révélé que les modèles développés jusqu'à maintenant ont une tendance à exagérer les valeurs de d13CCO2. Des estimations du fractionnement isotopique du carbone issu par des plantes (13Cleaf) obtenues à partir des nouvelles données d e d13Cleaf et d13CCO2 ont permis de reconstituer l'évolution à grande échelle de la pCO2. Ces résultats indiquent que le CO2 a probablement été une conséquence à long terme du changement climatique durant le Crétacé. Des cycles de d13CCO2 de ~1.2, ~2.1, ~5.4 et ~10.2 Ma ont été détectés, synchrones à ceux du niveau de la mer et à la cyclicité des paramètres de l'orbite terrestre décrits pour le Mésozoïque. Mes résultats fournissent une nouvelle perspective du système climatique et du cycle du carbone du Crétacé, dominés principalement par les paramètres orbitaux de la Terre et secondairement par des évènements catastrophiques de libération de CO2 d'origine volcanique dans l'atmosphère
The Cretaceous was a period characterized by strongly marked climate change and major carbon cycle instability. Atmospheric CO2 has repeatedly been pointed out as a major agent involved in these changing conditions during the period. However, long-term trends in CO2 described for the Cretaceous are not consistent with those of temperature and the large disturbance events of the carbon cycle described for the period. This raises a double question of whether descriptions of the long-term evolution of atmospheric CO2 made so far are accurate or, if so, atmospheric CO2 was actually a major driver of carbon cycle and climate dynamics as usually stated. In this thesis the close relationship between the carbon isotope composition of plants and atmospheric CO2 is used to address this question. Based on its ecological significance, distribution, morphological features and its excellent preservation, the fossil conifer genus Frenelopsis is proposed as a new plant proxy for climate reconstructions during the Cretaceous. The capacity of carbon isotope compositions of Frenelopsis leaves (d13Cleaf) to reconstruct past atmospheric CO2, with regards to both carbon isotope composition (d13CCO2) and concentration (pCO2), is tested based on materials coming from twelve Cretaceous episodes. To provide a framework to test the capacity of d13Cleaf to reconstruct d13CCO2 and allowing for climate estimates from carbon isotope discrimination by plants (?13Cleaf), a new d13CCO2 curve for the Cretaceous based on carbon isotope compositions of marine carbonates has been constructed. Comparison with d13Cleaf-based d13CCO2 estimates reveals that although d13CCO2 and d13Cleaf values follow consistent trends, models developed so far to estimate d13CCO2 from d13Cleaf tend to exaggerate d13CCO2 trends because of assuming a linear relationship between both values. However, given the hyperbolic relationship between ?13Cleaf and pCO2, by considering an independently-estimated correction factor for pCO2 for a given episode, d13Cleaf values may be a valuable proxy for d13CCO2 reconstructions. ?13Cleaf estimates obtained from d13CCO2 and d13Cleaf values were used to reconstruct the long-term evolution of pCO2. The magnitude of estimated pCO2 values is in accordance with that of the most recent and relevant model- and proxy-based pCO2 reconstructions. However, these new results evidence long-term drawdowns of pCO2 for Cretaceous time intervals in which temperature maxima have been described
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Lempereur, Morine. "Variabilité saisonnière et interannuelle de la croissance du chêne vert méditerranéen et vulnérabilité au changement climatique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS075/document.

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La croissance secondaire est à l'origine de l'accumulation de biomasse pérenne par les arbres et détermine en partie la capacité des écosystèmes forestiers à stocker du carbone. Cependant, les contraintes environnementales sur la croissance en milieu méditerranéen sont encore mal décrites et nous ne savons pas comment les changements climatiques futurs vont les modifier. L'objectif de la thèse est de déterminer, principalement à partir de l'étude de l'allocation du carbone à la croissance secondaire, les réponses fonctionnelles saisonnières et interannuelles du chêne vert (Quercus ilex L.) aux variations climatiques en région méditerranéenne. L'utilisation de différentes approches expérimentales, à des échelles spatiales allant du cerne à l'écosystème et à des échelles temporelles allant de la journée à plusieurs dizaines d'années, a permis de mettre en évidence l'effet de différentes contraintes environnementales (disponibilité en eau, réchauffement de la température, et densité du peuplement) sur la croissance secondaire et la composition isotopique du cerne. L'étude de la phénologie de la croissance montre que celle-ci est contrôlée directement par les températures hivernales et le déficit hydrique, plus que par la disponibilité en éléments carbonés issus de la photosynthèse. De 1968 à 2013, les changements climatiques ont entrainé une contrainte hydrique de plus en plus précoce qui s'est trouvée compensée par un début de croissance initié plus tôt dans l'année, sous l'effet du réchauffement des températures hivernales, et une meilleure efficacité d'utilisation de l'eau, sous l'effet de l'augmentation de la concentration en CO2 atmosphérique. La réduction de la mortalité et l'augmentation de la croissance observée dans des parcelles éclaircies montre que cette pratique sylvicole permet de préparer les taillis de chêne vert à l'intensification de la sècheresse prévue pour la région méditerranéenne
Tree secondary growth is responsible for woody biomass accumulation and is a major component of carbon storage in forest ecosystems. Environmental constraints on secondary growth in Mediterranean ecosystems must, however, be described in more to details to better understand how they will be modified by climate change. This dissertation aims at studying the functional responses of Mediterranean holm oak (Quercus ilex) to seasonal and inter-annual climate variations through the study of carbon allocation to secondary growth. Different experimental approaches, at spatial scales ranging from tree rings to the ecosystem and at temporal scales from the day to several decades, were used to identify the main environmental constraints (water availability, temperature warming, competition) to secondary growth and carbon isotopic composition of tree rings. The phenology of stem growth shows evidence for a direct environmental control on annual growth by winter temperature and summer drought that is more limiting than the carbon supply from photosynthesis. Climate change from 1968 to 2013 resulted in earlier water limitation on secondary growth, which was compensated by earlier growth onset, due to warmer winter temperature, and higher water use efficiency, due to increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. Thinning reduced tree mortality and increased stem growth, so thinning management in old holm oak coppices could prepare the ecosystem to better withstand the increasing drought forecasted for the Mediterranean region
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Houssein-Ofleh, Bouh. "Etude de l'aquifère basaltique de Djibouti et des aquifères adjacents : approche hydrochimique et isotopique." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112120.

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Pethybridge, Heidi. "Ecology and physiology of deepwater chondrichthyans off southeast Australia : mercury, stable isotope and lipid analysis." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14050/document.

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La gestion et la conservation des pêcheries sont problématiques pour la plupart des chondrichthiens; cela tient principalement au manque de données scientifiques causé par les défis logistiques impliqués par les prélèvements par grandes profondeurs. De plus, plusieurs les techniques analytiques, à l’exemple du contenu stomacal et des mesures morphologiques, demandent des quantités d’échantillons importantes difficilement obtenues. De nouvelles techniques exigent moins d'échantillons, en particulier celles mettant en oeuvre la biochimie qui sont de plus en plus utilisées pour résoudre des questions écologiques et biologiques complexes au niveau individuel et démographique des populations. Cette thèse a testé plusieurs techniques biochimiques (analyses de lipide, mercure, et isotope de carbone et azote) pour mieux comprendre les aspects de la reproduction, de l'écologie trophique, de l'amplification du mercure et de la physiologie de chondrichthiens des profondeurs. La plupart des espèces font partie de l'Ordre des Squaliformes. D'autres espèces appartiennent à différentes Familles: Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Scyliorhinidae et Hexanchidae. Tous les échantillons ont été capturés dans les filets de pêcheurs dans les eaux du plateau continental et des marges du sud-est de l'Australie. L’analyse de la composition en lipides de différents tissus révèlent que le foie des chondrichthiens est riche en lipides (38 à 70% de la masse des tissus humides), en majeure partie des lipides neutres et des acides gras mono-saturés. Le foie est un tissu multifonctionnel, qui joue un rôle essentiel dans la distribution de la biosynthèse lipidique, le stockage de l’énergie et la régulation de la flottaison. A l’inverse, le tissu musculaire est un organe structurel, à faible concentration en lipide (<2 %) qui se compose essentiellement de lipides polaires. La composition des lipides rénaux et pancréatiques montre que leur fonctionnement métabolique est complexe. L'analyse des lipides des organes reproducteurs a révélé que l’énergie utile à la gestation chez les adultes chondrichthiens en pré-ovulation nécessite un pourcentage important de lipide (follicule ovarien 18 à 34 %). Les variations de triacylglycérols (8 à 48 %), des éthers diacylglycéryls (0,2 à 28 %) et des cires (0,5 à 20 %) ont été observées dans tous les échantillons. Ces variations impliquent l'utilisation de classes lipidiques multiples pour favoriser le développement embryonnaire. Les réserves maternelles sont différentes entre espèces ovipares et vivipares et entre les élasmobranches et les holocéphales. L’allocation la plus important de lipides est trouvée chez les requins vivant dans les environnements les plus profonds. Cette observation suggère que leur fécondité est plus faible et que leur vulnérabilité face à la pêche est plus importante. Le régime alimentaire des requins a été déterminé par des techniques complémentaires: traceurs lipidiques et analyses du contenu stomacal. 41 taxons de proie ont été identifiés. Ils étaient surtout composés de poissons et de céphalopodes du domaine demersal. En utilisant les profils des acides gras, la variabilité de la composition de nourriture a été établie pour chaque espèce en associant la signature de ces profils dans les tissus des chondrichthiens aux profils de plusieurs proies. Les deux techniques ont montré que les chondrichthiens sont des prédateurs opportunistes qui consomment une large gamme de proie. Les concentrations en mercure et sa distribution des tissus ont été examinés pour accéder à sa bioamplification dans ce type d’organisme et de déterminer des niveaux de contamination pour la consommation publique. Le mercure total (THg : toutes formes chimiques confondues) et le méthylmercure (MeHg : la forme la plus toxique et bioaccumulable) ont été dosées. Pour la plupart des espèces, les niveaux de THg étaient supérieurs au seuil maximal recommandé par les législations en vigueur dans plusieurs pays dont l’Australie (>0,1 mg kg-1 pois humide, ph) et une concentration aussi forte que 6,6 mg kg-1 (ph) a été enregistrée. L'
Analyse de spéciation a montré que le mercure est présent à plus de 91 % sous forme de MeHg, et même avec des taux supérieurs à 95 % chez les espèces des environnements les plus profonds. Les concentrations maximales en THg ont été trouvés dans les tissus musculaires (59 à 82 % de charge corporelle). Les reins et le foie possèdent aussi des taux élevés, respectivement de 0,3 à 4,2 et 0,5 à 1,5 mg kg-1 (ph), tandis que la peau enregistre les concentrations les plus faibles (> 0,3 mg kg-1, ph). Cette étude de l’organotropisme permet de conclure que les reins et le foie sont associés au métabolisme du métal, à l'élimination et au stockage à court terme, alors que le muscle est le sites le plus important du stockage du mercure à long terme. Les isotopes stables de carbone et d’azote ont été utilisés pour évaluer l'influence de la position trophique (d15N) et de la source de carbone (d13C) sur l'accumulation du THg chez les chondrichthiens. Le d15N varie entre 12,4 à 16,6 ‰ démontrant la large gamme de positions trophiques occupées par ces espèces. La variation interspécifique du d13C est quant à elle minimale (–18,7 à –17,1 ‰). Les concentrations en mercure notées chez la plupart des requins augmentent en fonction de la taille, de la position trophique (d15N) et du stade de maturité de l’animal. Dans la communauté des chondrichthiens des profondeurs on observe des taux modérés de bioamplification du mercure, ceci est révélé par la faible pente de la relation, log (THg mg kg-1 ww) = 0,2 (d15N) – 2,4 (R2 = 0,35 ; P <0,05). Le THg et les acides gras de 61 espèces appartenant aux niveaux trophiques intermédiaires ont été analysés dans le but d’étudier les régimes alimentaires des proies et la bioaccumulation de ce métal à travers la chaîne alimentaire démersale. L'utilisation intégrée de ces techniques biochimiques a fourni des données fondamentales sur la reproduction, l'accumulation en mercure et l'écologie trophique des chondrichthiens des profondeurs. La compréhension de ces fonctions est impérative non seulement pour la mise en place d’une gestion durable des pêcheries, mais aussi pour la protection des habitats des chondrichthiens et leurs écosystèmes associés
For most deepwater chondrichthyans, fisheries and conservation management is problematic, largely due to the lack of scientific data resulting from inherent logistical challenges working within deep-sea environments. Furthermore, many conventional analytical techniques (stomach content analysis and morphometrics) require large sample sizes and are often quantitatively inadequate. Thus, new and more robust methods requiring fewer specimens are needed. Biochemical ‘tracer’ techniques are increasingly being used to resolve complex ecological and biological questions at individual species and population levels. This research explored the integrated use of multiple biochemical techniques (lipid and fatty acid profiling, stable nitrogen and carbon isotope and mercury analysis) to understand aspects of the reproduction, feeding ecology, metal accumulation and physiology of deepwater chondrichthyans. Most were from the Order Squaliformes. Other species include those from the Families: Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Scyliorhinidae and Hexanchidae. All specimens were caught as fisheries bycatch from the continental slope waters off southeast Australia. The examination of lipid composition and partitioning revealed that deepwater chondrichthyans have large, lipid rich (38–70 % wet weight, ww) livers high in neutral lipids and monounsaturated fatty acids. Liver is a multifunctional tissue, playing a vital role in lipid distribution and biosynthesis, buoyancy regulation and storage. In contrast, muscle is a structural organ, low in lipid (<2 %) and consisting primarily of polar lipids. Lipid composition of kidney and pancreas show that they, too, have complex roles in lipid metabolism and storage. Lipid analysis of reproductive tissues revealed high maternal investment in deepwater chondrichthyans as indicated by high lipid content in mature pre-ovulated ovarian follicles (18–34 %). Variable levels of triacylglycerols (8–48 %), diacylglyceryl ethers (0.2–28 %) and wax esters (0.5–20 %) were observed in all specimens, demonstrating the use of multiple lipid classes to fuel embryonic development. The maternal provisions differed between oviparous and viviparous species and between elasmobranchs and holocephalans. Greater lipid investment was displayed by sharks living in deeper environments, suggesting lower fecundity and increased vulnerability to fishing. Diet was examined by complementary lipid biomarker and traditional stomach content techniques. A total of 41 prey taxa were identified using stomach content analysis and consisted mainly of bathyal-demersal fish and cephalopods. Using multidimensional scaling analysis, the extent of variability in composition within each species was determined by grouping the signature fatty acid profiles of shark tissues with profiles for demersal fish, squid and crustaceans. Both techniques showed that deepwater chondrichthyans are opportunistic predators, and that there is some degree of specialisation and overlap between them. Total (THg) and inorganic (monomethyl, MeHg) mercury concentrations and tissue distribution were examined to determine the extent of biomagnification and evaluate levels for human consumption. Mean THg levels for most species were above the regulatory threshold (>0.1 mg kg-1 ww) and levels as high as 6.6 mg kg-1 ww were recorded. Speciation analysis demonstrated that 91% mercury was bound as MeHg with higher percentages (>95%) observed in species occupying deeper environments. Higher levels of THg were stored in muscle which accounted for between 59–82% of the total body burden of mercury. High levels were also found in kidney (0.3–4.2 mg kg-1 ww) and liver (0.5–1.5) with lower levels observed in skin (>0.3). Both the kidney and liver are likely to be associated in metal metabolism, short term storage and elimination procedures, while the muscle is the major site for long term storage. Stable isotopes were used as natural dietary tracers, to further evaluate dietary relationships and to assess the influence of trophic position (d15N) and carbon sources (d13C) on THg accumu
lation. Isotopic nitrogen (d15N) values ranged from 12.4 to 16.6 ‰ demonstrating a broad range of trophic positions. Minor variation in carbon (d13C) enrichment was observed between species (–18.7 to –17.1‰). In most shark species, mercury concentrations increased with size, trophic position (d15N), and maturity stage, but not between location or collection period. As a community, deepwater sharks demonstrated moderate rates of THg biomagnification, as indicated by the regression slope (log (THg) = 0.2 d15N – 2.4, R2 = 0·35, P < 0·05). THg and fatty acid analyses of 61 mid-trophic species were measured for their usage in studies of diet in high-order predators and mercury bioaccumulation in the extended demersal food chain. The integrated use of these biochemical techniques has provided fundamental data on the reproduction, metal accumulation and trophic ecology of deepwater chondrichthyans. Understanding these parameters is imperative not only for the implementation of sustainable management but for habitat protection of deepwater chondrichthyans and their associated ecosystems
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Paul, Alexia. "Dynamique couplée de l’hydrogène et du carbone organiques des sols : approches par isotopes stables pour la prévision du devenir du 3H, 2H, 13C et 14C." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0068/document.

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Le radiocarbone (14C) et le tritium (3H) sont libérés dans l'environnement de manière naturelle et par les activités nucléaires. Les rejets devant perdurer pendant les prochaines décennies, il est primordial de prévoir leur devenir et leur temps de résidence dans les sols. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une prévision quantitative et une modélisation simple du devenir de 14C et 3H dans les matières organiques du sol (MOS). L'originalité de ce travail est double: nous faisons l'hypothèse que l'incorporation et le devenir des atomes d'hydrogène non-échangeable (HNE) dans le sol sont couplés à la dynamique du carbone; l'approche choisie est le traçage naturel ou artificiel par les isotopes stables 13C et 2H.A travers le traçage naturel par le 13C in situ, nous avons quantifié le carbone récemment incorporé par la végétation sur quelques décennies. Nous avons alors adapté le modèle RothC à la dynamique du C profond des sols. Cela nous a permis de prévoir que 10% du C persisteront pendant plusieurs siècles dans les couches profondes. Les expériences croisées d'incubation de composés marqués en 13C et 2H nous a permis de montrer que l’activité microbienne est le moteur de l’incorporation d’hydrogène de l’eau dans les MOS et nous a permis d'établir la stœchiométrie CH des biotransformations. Ces expérimentations ont permis de proposer un modèle de la dynamique couplée de C et H des MOS à court et moyen terme (décennies). Une méta-analyse des corrélations entre les teneurs en 13C et 14C de sols mondiaux nous a permis de démontrer que l'enrichissement en 13C des MOS peut être expliqué en totalité par le rapport 13C/12C de la végétation dont elles sont issues
Radiocarbon (14C) and tritium (3H) are naturally released into the environment but also through nuclear activities. The releases are expected to persist for the next decades, it is important to predict their fate and their residence time in soils. The objective of this thesis is to propose a quantitative prediction and a simple modeling of the fate of 14C and 3H in soil organic matter (SOM). The originality of this work is twofold: first, we hypothesize that the incorporation and fate of NEH atoms in the soil are coupled to the carbon dynamics. Second, we chose to trace carbon and hydrogen by natural or artificial 13C and 2H tracing.Through natural in situ 13C tracing, we quantified the carbon recently incorporated by vegetation in few decades. Deep horizons contain a large part of this carbon (typically 20 to 30%). We adapted the RothC model to the deep soil C dynamics. This allowed us to predict that 10% of C will persist for several centuries in the deeper layers. The labelling experiments showed that the microbial activity is driving the incorporation of hydrogen from water into SOM, and allowed us to establish the CH stoichiometry of biotransformations. These experiments were a mean to propose a model of the coupled C and H dynamics of the SOM in the short and medium term (decades). The results of this thesis contribute as well to the improvement of the interpretation of natural abundances in 13C and 2H stable isotopes. A meta-analysis of the correlations between the 13C and 14C concentrations of global soils has demonstrated that the 13C enrichment of deep organic matter can be fully explained by the 13C/12C ratio of the vegetation from which they are derived
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Adiredjo, Afifuddin Latif. "Water use efficiency in sunflower : Ecophysiological and genetic approaches." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20177/1/adiredjo.pdf.

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Water use efficiency (WUE), measured as the ratio of plant biomass to water consumption, is an essential agronomical trait for enhancing crop production under drought. Measuring water consumption is logistically difficult, especially in field conditions. The general objective of the present Thesis is to respond to three main questions: (i) can WUE be determined by using carbon isotope discrimination (CID), easy to measure?, (ii) how WUE and CID variation analysis can contribute to the genotypic selection of sunflower subjected to drought?, and (iii) can WUE variation be revealed by the variation of plant-water relation traits. Four experiments were carried out in greenhouse across two different years: (i) on two drought scenarios, progressive soil drying and stable water-stress, and (ii) on five levels of soil water content. The main traits that have been measured include WUE, CID, as well as plant-water relation traits, i.e. control of transpiration (FTSWt), water extraction capacity (TTSW), and dehydration tolerance (OA). A highly significant negative correlation was observed between WUE and CID, and a wide phenotypic variability was observed for both WUE and CID. A wide variability was also observed for FTSWt, TTSW and OA. The results provide new insight into the genetic control of WUE and CID related-traits, which, unlike to other crops, genetic control of WUE, CID, and TTSW in sunflower have never been reported in the literature. Further, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for FTSWt was never reported in any plant species. The QTL for WUE and CID were identified across different drought scenarios. The QTL for CID is considered as a ‘‘constitutive’’ QTL, because it is consistently detected across different drought scenarios. The QTL for CID co-localized with the QTL for WUE, biomass and cumulative water transpired. Co-localization was also observed between the QTL for FTSWt and TTSW, between the QTL for TTSW and WUE-CID-biomass, as well as between the QTL for FTSWt-TTSW and biomass. This study highlights that WUE is physiologically and genetically associated with CID. CID is an excellent surrogate for WUE measurement, and can be used to improve WUE by using marker-assisted selection (MAS) to achieve the ultimate goal of plant breeding at genomic level.
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Bernachot, Isabelle. "Utilisation des isotopes stables du chlore pour le traçage des processus générés par l'injection de CO2 au sein d'un réservoir géologique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC016/document.

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L’injection de CO2 dans un réservoir géologique n’a rien d’un processus anodin : les impacts sur la roche hôte peuvent menacer l’intégrité du stockage suite à des modifications des propriétés pétrophysiques. Nous proposons ainsi d’envisager l’utilisation des isotopes stables du chlore comme indicateurs des processus physicochimiques générés par une injection de CO2. L’ion chlorure Cl- est en effet un élément conservatif et ubiquiste dans les eaux des réservoirs, et le rapport δ37Cl est connu pour être modifié par divers processus (diffusion, filtration ionique, précipitation de sel, changements de phase). La méthodologie adoptée a consisté à investiguer les effets de ces différents processus sur le signal isotopique du Cl en conditions P-T d’un réservoir de stockage. Des expériences en autoclaves ont montré que le Cl était solubilisé dans le CO2sc, mais en quantités suffisamment faibles pour ne pas impacter le signal isotopique dans les saumures si fractionnement isotopique il y a. Des expériences de migration d’une saumure réactive par advection (banc de percolation ICARE1, Université de Montpellier) et par diffusion (cellule développée à IFPEN) ont également été réalisées. Aucune évolution de δ37Cl n’a été mesurée au cours de la percolation (transport advectif conservatif) et les effets de la diffusion restent à évaluer et à mettre en relation avec les évolutions de porosité et perméabilité des roches. Les expériences de séchage et de précipitation de sel en milieu poreux ont montré que les concentrations en Cl et les valeurs de δ37Cl permettaient de caractériser les processus de transport en jeu. Ces résultats expérimentaux ont permis d’identifier des processus capables de modifier les abondances isotopiques de Cl et indiquent l’intérêt des isotopes pour le monitoring de site de stockage de CO2
CO2 injection in a reservoir leads to physicochemical processes which can have harmful consequences on the reservoir integrity due to porosity and permeability alteration. In this work, we propose to test the possibility that stable chlorine isotopes could be used as a geochemical tool to assess these effects. Indeed, chloride is a conservative and a major component of reservoir brines, and it is already known that several processes can modify the ratio of its two stable isotopes δ37Cl (diffusion, ionic filtration, salt precipitation or phase change). To test this possibility, several types of experiments were performed to investigate the effects generated by a CO2 injection on Cl-isotopes. Autoclave experiments have shown that Cl can be solubilized in CO2SC, but the amounts would be too low to modify the isotopic signal of brines in case of any fractionation process. Reactive brine migration experiments by advection (ICARE1 percolation apparatus in Montpellier University) and diffusion (diffusion cell developed at IFPEN) were also conducted. No δ37Cl was observed during percolation (conservative advective transport) and the effects of diffusion remain to be investigated with regard to the evolution of rock porosity and permeability. Drying and salt precipitation experiments on porous media have shown that Cl concentrations and δ37Cl values can give information about transport processes during water evaporation. These experimental results allowed us to identify the processes capable of modifying the δ37Cl signal, and that Cl-isotopes can be of use for the monitoring of CO2 storage site
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Xia, Yang. "Impact of varying NH₄⁺˸NO₃⁻ ratios in nutrient solution on C-isotope composition of leaf- and root-respired CO₂ and putative respiratory substrates in C₃ plants." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS222.

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La composition isotopique (¹³C/¹²C) du CO₂ respiré par les feuilles et les racines dans l'obscurité et celle des substrats respiratoires putatifs, y compris les sucres solubles et les acides organiques (malate et citrate), l'activité de la PEPc ainsi que les échanges gazeux des feuilles ont été déterminés sur le haricot (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) et l’épinards (Spinacia oleracea L.) cultivés dans du sable avec différents rapports NH₄⁺: NO₃⁻ dans N fourni. Le CO₂ respiré par les feuilles était enrichi en ¹³C sous NO₃⁻ s’appauvrissant progressivement avec l’augmentation de la fraction de NH₄⁺ dans le N fourni, tandis que la composition isotopique du CO₂ issu de la respiration des racines restait inchangée quel que soit le rapport NH₄⁺: NO₃⁻. Nous avons suggéré qu'une plus grande quantité de pools enrichis en ¹³C fixés par la PEPc via la voie anaplérotique contribuait à la respiration foliaire sous NO₃⁻. Cependant, un effet similaire dans les racines attendu sous NH₄⁺ a été masqué en raison d'une refixation (par la PEPc) du CO₂ respiré (appauvrie en ¹³C). De manière inattendue, les modifications de la composition isotopique du C des métabolites individuels, leurs quantités, ainsi que l'activité de l’enzyme PEPc, présentaient des profils différents entre les deux espèces étudiées. Des expériences de double marquage (¹³C et ¹⁵N) sont nécessaires pour mieux comprendre l’impact de la plasticité métabolique du TCA sur l’écart isotopique entre le malate et le citrate et sur la composition isotopique du CO₂ respiré chez différentes espèces sous différentes formes d’azote
C-isotope composition of leaf- and root-respired CO₂ in the dark and that of putative respiratory substrates including soluble sugars and organic acids (malate and citrate), PEPc activity, as well as leaf gas exchanges were determined on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plants grown in sand with varying ratios of NH₄⁺: NO₃⁻ in supplied N. Leaf-respired CO₂ was ¹³C enriched under NO₃⁻ nutrition and became progressively ¹³C depleted with increasing amount of NH₄⁺ in supplied N, while C-isotope composition of root-respired CO₂ remained unchanged across N-type gradient. We suggested that a higher amount of ¹³C enriched C-pools fixed by PEPc through anaplerotic pathway contributed to respired CO₂ in leaves under NO₃⁻ nutrition. However, a similar effect in roots expected under NH4+ nutrition was masked because of a rather ¹³C depleted C source (respired CO₂) refixation by PEPc. Unexpectedly, the changes in C-isotope composition of individual metabolites and their amounts as well as PEPc activity exhibited different patterns between the two species. Double labelling experiments (¹³C and ¹⁵N) are needed for better understanding the impact of metabolic plasticity of TCA on isotopic gap between malate and citrate and on C-isotope composition of respired CO₂ in different species under varying N-type nutrition
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Cachier-Rivault, Hélène. "Approche isotopique du cycle atmospherique du carbone particulaire." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077061.

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Etude des emissions naturelles de carbone particulaire et evaluation des perturbations induites par les activites humaines sur le cycle atmospherique du carbone. Travail s'appuyant sur des mesures de concentration et de granulometrie d'aerosol preleve au cours de nombreuses campagnes en milieu continental tempere et tropical ainsi qu'en zone oceanique des deux hemispheres. L'origine et le transport a grande echelle des aerosols sont determines par des mesures de composition isotopique (**(13)c/**(12)c) au spectrometre de masse
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Keraval, Benoît. "Les métabolismes oxydatifs extracellulaires : une nouvelle vision des processus de minéralisation du carbone organique du sol." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22740/document.

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Books on the topic "Carbone isotope"

1

Williams, Douglas F. Isotope chronostratigraphy: Theory and methods. San Diego: Academic Press, 1988.

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Pazdur, Anna. Skład izotopowy węgla i tlenu holoceńskich martwic wapiennych. Gliwice: Dział Wydawnictw Politechniki Śląskiej, 1987.

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Introduction to isotope hydrology: Stable and radioactive isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen and carbon. London: Taylor & Francis, 2006.

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Tian ran qi tan qing tong wei su fen liu dong li xue ji qi ying yong. Beijing: Shi you gong ye chu ban she, 2010.

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Izotopnyĭ sostav i proiskhozhdenie glubinnykh karbonatov. Moskva: "Nauka", 1986.

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Sarkar, Sisir K. Molecular laser isotope separation programme at BARC. Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2007.

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Isoscapes: Understanding movement, pattern, and process on earth through isotope mapping. Dordrecht: Springer, 2010.

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Béranger, Sandra. Modeling PCE degradation and associated stable carbon isotope effects. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2003.

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McNichol, Ann P. A study of remineralization of organic carbon in nearshore sediments using carbon isotopes. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1986.

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Kenkyūkai, Kyōto Daigaku Genshiro Jikkenjo Senmon. "Tanso 14 no kankyōchū ikō kyodō hyōka" Kyōto Daigaku Genshiro Jikkenjo Senmon Kenkyūkai hōkokusho. Ōsaka-fu Sennan-gun Kumatori-chō: Kyōto Daigaku Genshiro Jikkenjo, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Carbone isotope"

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Ripperdan, Robert L. "13. Stratigraphic Variation in Marine Carbonate Carbon Isotope Ratios." In Stable Isotope Geochemistry, edited by John W. Valley and David R. Cole, 637–62. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508745-016.

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Griffiths, H. "Carbon isotope discrimination." In Photosynthesis and Production in a Changing Environment, 181–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1566-7_11.

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Griffiths, H. "Carbon isotope discrimination." In Photosynthesis and Production in a Changing Environment, 181–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9626-3_11.

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Wagner, Thomas, Clayton R. Magill, and Jens O. Herrle. "Carbon Isotopes." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 194–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39312-4_176.

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Wagner, Thomas, Clayton R. Magill, and Jens O. Herrle. "Carbon Isotopes." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_176-1.

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Wagner, Thomas, and Jens O. Herrle. "Carbon Isotopes." In Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences, 73–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6238-1_44.

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Reitner, Joachim, and Volker Thiel. "Carbon Isotopes." In Encyclopedia of Geobiology, 238. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_123.

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Karol, Paul J. "Isotope Stories." In The Legacy of Carbon Dioxide, 197–213. Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429200649-20.

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Freeman, Katherine H. "11. Isotopie Biogeochemistry of Marine Organic Carbon." In Stable Isotope Geochemistry, edited by John W. Valley and David R. Cole, 579–606. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781501508745-014.

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Attendorn, H. G., and R. N. C. Bowen. "Carbon-14 dating." In Radioactive and Stable Isotope Geology, 244–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5840-4_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Carbone isotope"

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Lepland, Aivo, Karen Bakakas, Mathieu Moussavou, Timmu Kreitsmann, Kärt Paiste, Kaarel Mänd, Yulia Deines, Aleksander Romashkin, Anthony Prave, and Kalle Kirsimäe. "Lomagundi-Jatuli Carbon Isotope Excursion – Isotopic Shift Happens." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1460.

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Stehmeier, Lester, Brad Magyar, Karlis Muehlenbachs, Xiaosu Lang, and Ajay Dalai. "Use of Stable Isotope Ratios to Determine the Origin of Coke Formed in Gas Turbines." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27115.

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Coke deposits can form in compression equipment on natural gas transmission lines. These deposits are a result of incomplete combustion due to poor fuel gas quality or incorrect equipment design and/or operation. There is an isotopic “signature” which is carried over from the fuel gas into the coke if incomplete combustion occurs, allowing the origin of the coke deposit to be identified. The use of a continuous flow gas chromatograph isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC/IRMS) provides a convenient method for determining the isotopic composition of the components in the fuel gas. These ratios can then be used to identify if a correlation exists with the 13C/12C ratio of the coke sample. Previous projects in 1999 and 2000 demonstrated that the coke deposits found within gas turbines could be closely related to the incomplete combustion of the fuel gas. One outcome of that work was determining the value for having a good understanding of stable isotope signatures for gas entering the pipeline system. In 2000, fuel gas samples were obtained from various areas in the Alberta TransCanada collection system, their isotope ratios were measured and then used to produce coke. This work substantiated previous project work, reinforcing the isotopic relationship between coke and the source material. Current work is to produce a model to quantitatively relate the various components of the source material to coke deposits. This model could then be used as a tool to enhance the performance of the gas turbines. Detailed investigation into the sensitivity of stable carbon isotope measurements for identifying the source of coke deposits for a complete range of TransCanada fuel gas mixtures is presented.
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Shen, Bing, Yuanlin Sun, Ting Nie, Yongbo Peng, and Tianzheng Huang. "A STRONG CARBON ISOTOPE GRADIENT IN THE DEVONIAN-CARBONIFEROUS BOUNDARY: A NEW PERSPECTIVE ON CARBONATE CARBON ISOTOPE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-300840.

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Bottlaender, Michel. "Radio-isotopes et TEP." In La compétitivité des technologies bas carbone de production de l’électricité. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jtsfen/2016rad04.

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Bellanger, Laurent. "Utilisation des isotopes radioactifs dans les examens." In La compétitivité des technologies bas carbone de production de l’électricité. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jtsfen/2016rad02.

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Frýda, Jiří, and Barbora Frýdová. "FIRST PAIRED CARBONATE-CARBON AND ORGANIC CARBON ISOTOPE RECORDS ACROSS THE LUDFORDIAN (LATE SILURIAN) SUGGEST ELEVATED PCO2 BEFORE THE LARGEST PHANEROZOIC CARBON ISOTOPE ANOMALY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-299437.

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Zhang, Chonghong, Fuchun Li, and Jun Sun. "Impact of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate on Carbon Isotope Signatures of Biogenic Ca-Mg Carbonate." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.3088.

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Bekker, Andrey, and Logan Magad-Weiss. "Carbon Isotope Composition of Seawater in the Aftermath of the Lomagundi Carbon Isotope Excursion." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.158.

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Jiang, Ganqing. "THE CREDIBILITY OF CARBON ISOTOPE EXCURSIONS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-340147.

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Huang, Zhen, Timothy Fisher, and Jayathi Murthy. "Simulation of Phonon Transmission Through Graphene With a Green’s Function Method." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10651.

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In this paper, phonon transmission through a graphene sheet is investigated using an atomistic Green’s function (AGF) method. Reported best-fit results from first-principles calculations using a 4th nearest neighbor force-constant (4NNFC) model are used to establish the matrices that describe the interactions among carbon atoms. Calculations reveal that graphene dispersion curves so obtained are in good agreement with experiments as well as other published first-principles calculations. The effect of carbon isotopes on thermal conductance is investigated, and the results reveal that isotopic doping moderately reduces both phonon transmission function and thermal conductance. The phonon transmission function of each vibrational branch in the heterogeneous interface is also calculated based on a method described in recent work, and comparisons indicate the major and minor channels of phonon transport through graphene. The results herein offer a useful reference and suggest directions for future research on thermal applications of this material.
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Reports on the topic "Carbone isotope"

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O'Leary, M. H. (Carbon isotope fractionation inplants). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7206375.

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O`Leary, M. H. [Carbon isotope fractionation inplants]. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10153604.

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Burke, F. P., R. A. Winschel, and M. S. Lancet. Stable carbon isotope analysis of coprocessing materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5717939.

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Buggisch, W. Carbon isotope record of Middle Cambrian to Upper Silurian carbonate and shale, northeast Ellesmere Island. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/226144.

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Buggisch, W. Carbon isotope record of Middle Cambrian to Upper Silurian carbonate and shale, northeast Ellesmere Island. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/289646.

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Davisson, M. L. Isotope tracers of organic carbon during artificial recharge. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/645065.

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Schell, D. M. Carbon and nitrogen isotope studies in an arctic ecosystem. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10137214.

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Schell, D. M. Carbon and nitrogen isotope studies in an arctic ecosystem. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6599337.

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Clausing, R. E., and L. Heatherly. Hydrogen recycle and isotope exchange from dense carbon films. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6678097.

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Schell, D. M. Carbon and nitrogen isotope studies in an arctic aquatic ecosystem. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10137210.

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