Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Carbone isotope'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Carbone isotope.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Barral, Cuesta Abel. "The carbon isotope composition of the fossil conifer Frenelopsis as a proxy for reconstructing Cretaceous atmospheric CO2." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1148.
Full textThe Cretaceous was a period characterized by strongly marked climate change and major carbon cycle instability. Atmospheric CO2 has repeatedly been pointed out as a major agent involved in these changing conditions during the period. However, long-term trends in CO2 described for the Cretaceous are not consistent with those of temperature and the large disturbance events of the carbon cycle described for the period. This raises a double question of whether descriptions of the long-term evolution of atmospheric CO2 made so far are accurate or, if so, atmospheric CO2 was actually a major driver of carbon cycle and climate dynamics as usually stated. In this thesis the close relationship between the carbon isotope composition of plants and atmospheric CO2 is used to address this question. Based on its ecological significance, distribution, morphological features and its excellent preservation, the fossil conifer genus Frenelopsis is proposed as a new plant proxy for climate reconstructions during the Cretaceous. The capacity of carbon isotope compositions of Frenelopsis leaves (d13Cleaf) to reconstruct past atmospheric CO2, with regards to both carbon isotope composition (d13CCO2) and concentration (pCO2), is tested based on materials coming from twelve Cretaceous episodes. To provide a framework to test the capacity of d13Cleaf to reconstruct d13CCO2 and allowing for climate estimates from carbon isotope discrimination by plants (?13Cleaf), a new d13CCO2 curve for the Cretaceous based on carbon isotope compositions of marine carbonates has been constructed. Comparison with d13Cleaf-based d13CCO2 estimates reveals that although d13CCO2 and d13Cleaf values follow consistent trends, models developed so far to estimate d13CCO2 from d13Cleaf tend to exaggerate d13CCO2 trends because of assuming a linear relationship between both values. However, given the hyperbolic relationship between ?13Cleaf and pCO2, by considering an independently-estimated correction factor for pCO2 for a given episode, d13Cleaf values may be a valuable proxy for d13CCO2 reconstructions. ?13Cleaf estimates obtained from d13CCO2 and d13Cleaf values were used to reconstruct the long-term evolution of pCO2. The magnitude of estimated pCO2 values is in accordance with that of the most recent and relevant model- and proxy-based pCO2 reconstructions. However, these new results evidence long-term drawdowns of pCO2 for Cretaceous time intervals in which temperature maxima have been described
Lempereur, Morine. "Variabilité saisonnière et interannuelle de la croissance du chêne vert méditerranéen et vulnérabilité au changement climatique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS075/document.
Full textTree secondary growth is responsible for woody biomass accumulation and is a major component of carbon storage in forest ecosystems. Environmental constraints on secondary growth in Mediterranean ecosystems must, however, be described in more to details to better understand how they will be modified by climate change. This dissertation aims at studying the functional responses of Mediterranean holm oak (Quercus ilex) to seasonal and inter-annual climate variations through the study of carbon allocation to secondary growth. Different experimental approaches, at spatial scales ranging from tree rings to the ecosystem and at temporal scales from the day to several decades, were used to identify the main environmental constraints (water availability, temperature warming, competition) to secondary growth and carbon isotopic composition of tree rings. The phenology of stem growth shows evidence for a direct environmental control on annual growth by winter temperature and summer drought that is more limiting than the carbon supply from photosynthesis. Climate change from 1968 to 2013 resulted in earlier water limitation on secondary growth, which was compensated by earlier growth onset, due to warmer winter temperature, and higher water use efficiency, due to increased atmospheric CO2 concentration. Thinning reduced tree mortality and increased stem growth, so thinning management in old holm oak coppices could prepare the ecosystem to better withstand the increasing drought forecasted for the Mediterranean region
Houssein-Ofleh, Bouh. "Etude de l'aquifère basaltique de Djibouti et des aquifères adjacents : approche hydrochimique et isotopique." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112120.
Full textPethybridge, Heidi. "Ecology and physiology of deepwater chondrichthyans off southeast Australia : mercury, stable isotope and lipid analysis." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14050/document.
Full textAnalyse de spéciation a montré que le mercure est présent à plus de 91 % sous forme de MeHg, et même avec des taux supérieurs à 95 % chez les espèces des environnements les plus profonds. Les concentrations maximales en THg ont été trouvés dans les tissus musculaires (59 à 82 % de charge corporelle). Les reins et le foie possèdent aussi des taux élevés, respectivement de 0,3 à 4,2 et 0,5 à 1,5 mg kg-1 (ph), tandis que la peau enregistre les concentrations les plus faibles (> 0,3 mg kg-1, ph). Cette étude de l’organotropisme permet de conclure que les reins et le foie sont associés au métabolisme du métal, à l'élimination et au stockage à court terme, alors que le muscle est le sites le plus important du stockage du mercure à long terme. Les isotopes stables de carbone et d’azote ont été utilisés pour évaluer l'influence de la position trophique (d15N) et de la source de carbone (d13C) sur l'accumulation du THg chez les chondrichthiens. Le d15N varie entre 12,4 à 16,6 ‰ démontrant la large gamme de positions trophiques occupées par ces espèces. La variation interspécifique du d13C est quant à elle minimale (–18,7 à –17,1 ‰). Les concentrations en mercure notées chez la plupart des requins augmentent en fonction de la taille, de la position trophique (d15N) et du stade de maturité de l’animal. Dans la communauté des chondrichthiens des profondeurs on observe des taux modérés de bioamplification du mercure, ceci est révélé par la faible pente de la relation, log (THg mg kg-1 ww) = 0,2 (d15N) – 2,4 (R2 = 0,35 ; P <0,05). Le THg et les acides gras de 61 espèces appartenant aux niveaux trophiques intermédiaires ont été analysés dans le but d’étudier les régimes alimentaires des proies et la bioaccumulation de ce métal à travers la chaîne alimentaire démersale. L'utilisation intégrée de ces techniques biochimiques a fourni des données fondamentales sur la reproduction, l'accumulation en mercure et l'écologie trophique des chondrichthiens des profondeurs. La compréhension de ces fonctions est impérative non seulement pour la mise en place d’une gestion durable des pêcheries, mais aussi pour la protection des habitats des chondrichthiens et leurs écosystèmes associés
For most deepwater chondrichthyans, fisheries and conservation management is problematic, largely due to the lack of scientific data resulting from inherent logistical challenges working within deep-sea environments. Furthermore, many conventional analytical techniques (stomach content analysis and morphometrics) require large sample sizes and are often quantitatively inadequate. Thus, new and more robust methods requiring fewer specimens are needed. Biochemical ‘tracer’ techniques are increasingly being used to resolve complex ecological and biological questions at individual species and population levels. This research explored the integrated use of multiple biochemical techniques (lipid and fatty acid profiling, stable nitrogen and carbon isotope and mercury analysis) to understand aspects of the reproduction, feeding ecology, metal accumulation and physiology of deepwater chondrichthyans. Most were from the Order Squaliformes. Other species include those from the Families: Chimaeridae, Rhinochimaeridae, Scyliorhinidae and Hexanchidae. All specimens were caught as fisheries bycatch from the continental slope waters off southeast Australia. The examination of lipid composition and partitioning revealed that deepwater chondrichthyans have large, lipid rich (38–70 % wet weight, ww) livers high in neutral lipids and monounsaturated fatty acids. Liver is a multifunctional tissue, playing a vital role in lipid distribution and biosynthesis, buoyancy regulation and storage. In contrast, muscle is a structural organ, low in lipid (<2 %) and consisting primarily of polar lipids. Lipid composition of kidney and pancreas show that they, too, have complex roles in lipid metabolism and storage. Lipid analysis of reproductive tissues revealed high maternal investment in deepwater chondrichthyans as indicated by high lipid content in mature pre-ovulated ovarian follicles (18–34 %). Variable levels of triacylglycerols (8–48 %), diacylglyceryl ethers (0.2–28 %) and wax esters (0.5–20 %) were observed in all specimens, demonstrating the use of multiple lipid classes to fuel embryonic development. The maternal provisions differed between oviparous and viviparous species and between elasmobranchs and holocephalans. Greater lipid investment was displayed by sharks living in deeper environments, suggesting lower fecundity and increased vulnerability to fishing. Diet was examined by complementary lipid biomarker and traditional stomach content techniques. A total of 41 prey taxa were identified using stomach content analysis and consisted mainly of bathyal-demersal fish and cephalopods. Using multidimensional scaling analysis, the extent of variability in composition within each species was determined by grouping the signature fatty acid profiles of shark tissues with profiles for demersal fish, squid and crustaceans. Both techniques showed that deepwater chondrichthyans are opportunistic predators, and that there is some degree of specialisation and overlap between them. Total (THg) and inorganic (monomethyl, MeHg) mercury concentrations and tissue distribution were examined to determine the extent of biomagnification and evaluate levels for human consumption. Mean THg levels for most species were above the regulatory threshold (>0.1 mg kg-1 ww) and levels as high as 6.6 mg kg-1 ww were recorded. Speciation analysis demonstrated that 91% mercury was bound as MeHg with higher percentages (>95%) observed in species occupying deeper environments. Higher levels of THg were stored in muscle which accounted for between 59–82% of the total body burden of mercury. High levels were also found in kidney (0.3–4.2 mg kg-1 ww) and liver (0.5–1.5) with lower levels observed in skin (>0.3). Both the kidney and liver are likely to be associated in metal metabolism, short term storage and elimination procedures, while the muscle is the major site for long term storage. Stable isotopes were used as natural dietary tracers, to further evaluate dietary relationships and to assess the influence of trophic position (d15N) and carbon sources (d13C) on THg accumu
lation. Isotopic nitrogen (d15N) values ranged from 12.4 to 16.6 ‰ demonstrating a broad range of trophic positions. Minor variation in carbon (d13C) enrichment was observed between species (–18.7 to –17.1‰). In most shark species, mercury concentrations increased with size, trophic position (d15N), and maturity stage, but not between location or collection period. As a community, deepwater sharks demonstrated moderate rates of THg biomagnification, as indicated by the regression slope (log (THg) = 0.2 d15N – 2.4, R2 = 0·35, P < 0·05). THg and fatty acid analyses of 61 mid-trophic species were measured for their usage in studies of diet in high-order predators and mercury bioaccumulation in the extended demersal food chain. The integrated use of these biochemical techniques has provided fundamental data on the reproduction, metal accumulation and trophic ecology of deepwater chondrichthyans. Understanding these parameters is imperative not only for the implementation of sustainable management but for habitat protection of deepwater chondrichthyans and their associated ecosystems
Paul, Alexia. "Dynamique couplée de l’hydrogène et du carbone organiques des sols : approches par isotopes stables pour la prévision du devenir du 3H, 2H, 13C et 14C." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0068/document.
Full textRadiocarbon (14C) and tritium (3H) are naturally released into the environment but also through nuclear activities. The releases are expected to persist for the next decades, it is important to predict their fate and their residence time in soils. The objective of this thesis is to propose a quantitative prediction and a simple modeling of the fate of 14C and 3H in soil organic matter (SOM). The originality of this work is twofold: first, we hypothesize that the incorporation and fate of NEH atoms in the soil are coupled to the carbon dynamics. Second, we chose to trace carbon and hydrogen by natural or artificial 13C and 2H tracing.Through natural in situ 13C tracing, we quantified the carbon recently incorporated by vegetation in few decades. Deep horizons contain a large part of this carbon (typically 20 to 30%). We adapted the RothC model to the deep soil C dynamics. This allowed us to predict that 10% of C will persist for several centuries in the deeper layers. The labelling experiments showed that the microbial activity is driving the incorporation of hydrogen from water into SOM, and allowed us to establish the CH stoichiometry of biotransformations. These experiments were a mean to propose a model of the coupled C and H dynamics of the SOM in the short and medium term (decades). The results of this thesis contribute as well to the improvement of the interpretation of natural abundances in 13C and 2H stable isotopes. A meta-analysis of the correlations between the 13C and 14C concentrations of global soils has demonstrated that the 13C enrichment of deep organic matter can be fully explained by the 13C/12C ratio of the vegetation from which they are derived
Adiredjo, Afifuddin Latif. "Water use efficiency in sunflower : Ecophysiological and genetic approaches." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20177/1/adiredjo.pdf.
Full textBernachot, Isabelle. "Utilisation des isotopes stables du chlore pour le traçage des processus générés par l'injection de CO2 au sein d'un réservoir géologique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC016/document.
Full textCO2 injection in a reservoir leads to physicochemical processes which can have harmful consequences on the reservoir integrity due to porosity and permeability alteration. In this work, we propose to test the possibility that stable chlorine isotopes could be used as a geochemical tool to assess these effects. Indeed, chloride is a conservative and a major component of reservoir brines, and it is already known that several processes can modify the ratio of its two stable isotopes δ37Cl (diffusion, ionic filtration, salt precipitation or phase change). To test this possibility, several types of experiments were performed to investigate the effects generated by a CO2 injection on Cl-isotopes. Autoclave experiments have shown that Cl can be solubilized in CO2SC, but the amounts would be too low to modify the isotopic signal of brines in case of any fractionation process. Reactive brine migration experiments by advection (ICARE1 percolation apparatus in Montpellier University) and diffusion (diffusion cell developed at IFPEN) were also conducted. No δ37Cl was observed during percolation (conservative advective transport) and the effects of diffusion remain to be investigated with regard to the evolution of rock porosity and permeability. Drying and salt precipitation experiments on porous media have shown that Cl concentrations and δ37Cl values can give information about transport processes during water evaporation. These experimental results allowed us to identify the processes capable of modifying the δ37Cl signal, and that Cl-isotopes can be of use for the monitoring of CO2 storage site
Xia, Yang. "Impact of varying NH₄⁺˸NO₃⁻ ratios in nutrient solution on C-isotope composition of leaf- and root-respired CO₂ and putative respiratory substrates in C₃ plants." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS222.
Full textC-isotope composition of leaf- and root-respired CO₂ in the dark and that of putative respiratory substrates including soluble sugars and organic acids (malate and citrate), PEPc activity, as well as leaf gas exchanges were determined on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plants grown in sand with varying ratios of NH₄⁺: NO₃⁻ in supplied N. Leaf-respired CO₂ was ¹³C enriched under NO₃⁻ nutrition and became progressively ¹³C depleted with increasing amount of NH₄⁺ in supplied N, while C-isotope composition of root-respired CO₂ remained unchanged across N-type gradient. We suggested that a higher amount of ¹³C enriched C-pools fixed by PEPc through anaplerotic pathway contributed to respired CO₂ in leaves under NO₃⁻ nutrition. However, a similar effect in roots expected under NH4+ nutrition was masked because of a rather ¹³C depleted C source (respired CO₂) refixation by PEPc. Unexpectedly, the changes in C-isotope composition of individual metabolites and their amounts as well as PEPc activity exhibited different patterns between the two species. Double labelling experiments (¹³C and ¹⁵N) are needed for better understanding the impact of metabolic plasticity of TCA on isotopic gap between malate and citrate and on C-isotope composition of respired CO₂ in different species under varying N-type nutrition
Cachier-Rivault, Hélène. "Approche isotopique du cycle atmospherique du carbone particulaire." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077061.
Full textKeraval, Benoît. "Les métabolismes oxydatifs extracellulaires : une nouvelle vision des processus de minéralisation du carbone organique du sol." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22740/document.
Full textShin, Jinhwa. "Millennial-scale atmospheric CO2 variations during the Marine Isotope Stage 6." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU006/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to understand the millennial variability of atmospheric CO2 during the Marine Isotope Stage 6 (MIS 6), the penultimate glacial, period (185─135 kyr BP). During the early MIS 6 period (185-160 kyr BP), 6 millennial-scale climate oscillations can be observed in proxy records of Antarctic temperature, the bipolar see-saw phenomenon in the North Atlantic region, and Monsoon intensity in low latitudes. An intensified hydrological cycle and iceberg calving in the North Atlantic may have impacted on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during MIS 6 (Margari et al., 2010). Atmospheric CO2 reconstructions from Antarctic ice cores can provide key information on how atmospheric CO2 concentrations are linked to millennial-scale climate changes. However, existing CO2 records from the Vostok ice core do not show the millennial variability due to the lack of suitable temporal resolution and precision. To understand atmospheric CO2 variability during MIS 6, a precision of less than 2 ppm is mandatory, because there is a possibility that we could observe small CO2 variability of less than 5 ppm during the smaller Antarctic isotope maxima events as observed during the last glacial period (Ahn and Brook, 2014; Bereiter et al., 2012).To investigate how atmospheric CO2 is related with climate change on millennial time scales during MIS 6, we reconstructed 150 samples of atmospheric CO2 data from the EPICA Dome C (EDC) ice core during the MIS 6 period (189.4─135.4 kyr BP). One minor and five major variabilities of atmospheric CO2 during the early MIS 6 period (189─160 kyr BP) were found. These variabilities are highly matched with Antarctic temperature. During the short stadials in the North Atlantic, atmospheric CO2 variations are negligible and decoupled with temperature variations in Dome C. During this period, the strength of upwelling in the southern ocean might not be sufficient to impact on atmospheric CO2. In addition, 2 modes of CO2 variations are present in the MIS 6 period. Carbon dioxide maxima (CDM) 6 lags abrupt warming in the Northern Hemisphere by only 100±360 yrs, while the lags for CDM 3 and 4 are much longer, 1,100±280 yrs on average. Theses 2 modes of CO2 variations might be related with a mode change of AMOC from the earliest MIS 6 to MIS 6.5. These two phenomena also are observed during the last glacial period. However, the limited available proxy data permit only an exploratory discussion of the mechanisms responsible for CO2 variability during MIS6. Because the boundary conditions of the last glacial period cannot be applied to MIS 6, additional proxy data and multiple modelling studies conducted during MIS 6 period are needed
Rollion-Bard, Claire. "Variabilité des isotopes de l'oxygène dans les coraux Porites : développement et implications des microanalyses d'isotopes stables (B, C ET O) par sonde ionique." Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2001_ROLLION-BARD_C.pdf.
Full textDoumit, Jacqueline. "Développement d'une méthode d'exploration de la biosynthèse in vivo des protéïnes et du collagène au moyen de la leucine et de la proline marquées par un isotope stable : faisabilité analytique et biologique." Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STET001T.
Full textMóri, Cleusa [UNESP]. "Rastreabilidade de farinhas de origem animal em tecidos de codornas de corte pela técnica dos isótopos estáveis de carbono ('intpot.13C'/'intpot.12C') e nitrogênio ('intpot.15N'/'intpot.14N')." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104988.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Estudos para detecção de subprodutos de origem animal em carne de aves são escassos e, em se tratando de codornas são inexistentes. O trabalho teve por objetivo a detecção de farinha de vísceras de aves (FVA) em dietas de codornas de corte no músculo peitoral quilha e tíbia pela técnica dos isótopos estáveis de carbono (13C/12C) e nitrogênio (15N/14N). Foram utilizadas 64 codornas de corte macho de um dia de idade advindas de granja comercial. As aves foram divididas em sete grupos distintos distribuídos aleatoriamente em relação às dietas experimentais que continham diferentes percentagens de FVA: 0; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5; 6,0; 7,5 e 15. As dietas foram formuladas de forma a serem isoenergéticas, isoprotéicas e isoaminoacídicas. Quatro aves de cada tratamento foram abatidas aos 42 dias de idade para colheita do músculo peitoral (Pectoralis major), quilha e tíbia para posteriormente serem analisadas. Observou-se enriquecimento isotópico de d13C e d15N nos três tecidos analisados. Em codornas de corte com 42 dias de idade, o nível de inclusão de farinha de vísceras de aves detectado compreende o intervalo de 3,0 a 4,5%.
Detection of animal origin by-products studies in poultry meat are rare and inexistent when related to quail meat. This paper aims the detection of increasing levels of poultry visceral meal (FVA) in quail meat, using carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) stable isotopes technique. Sixty four male quails aging one day originally from a commercial producer were divided in seven different groups in a random distribution. Those groups received different experimental diets containing 0; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5; 6,0; 7,5 e 15% of FVA. Those diets were formulated to be isoenergetic, isoproteic and to have the same level of amino-acids. Four individuals per treatment were sacrificed at the 42nd day for breast muscle (Pectoralis major), keel and tibia collection to later analysis. Isotopic enrichment of d13C and d15N were observed in all analyzed tissues. In 42 day old quail were detect a 3,0 and 4,5% poultry visceral meal inclusion in its diet.
Móri, Cleusa 1974. "Rastreabilidade de farinhas de origem animal em tecidos de codornas de corte pela técnica dos isótopos estáveis de carbono ('intpot.13C'/'intpot.12C') e nitrogênio ('intpot.15N'/'intpot.14N') /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104988.
Full textBanca: Ricardo de Albuquerque
Banca: Carla Cachoni Pizzolante
Banca: Carlos Ducatti
Banca: Ariel Antonio Mendes
Resumo: Estudos para detecção de subprodutos de origem animal em carne de aves são escassos e, em se tratando de codornas são inexistentes. O trabalho teve por objetivo a detecção de farinha de vísceras de aves (FVA) em dietas de codornas de corte no músculo peitoral quilha e tíbia pela técnica dos isótopos estáveis de carbono (13C/12C) e nitrogênio (15N/14N). Foram utilizadas 64 codornas de corte macho de um dia de idade advindas de granja comercial. As aves foram divididas em sete grupos distintos distribuídos aleatoriamente em relação às dietas experimentais que continham diferentes percentagens de FVA: 0; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5; 6,0; 7,5 e 15. As dietas foram formuladas de forma a serem isoenergéticas, isoprotéicas e isoaminoacídicas. Quatro aves de cada tratamento foram abatidas aos 42 dias de idade para colheita do músculo peitoral (Pectoralis major), quilha e tíbia para posteriormente serem analisadas. Observou-se enriquecimento isotópico de d13C e d15N nos três tecidos analisados. Em codornas de corte com 42 dias de idade, o nível de inclusão de farinha de vísceras de aves detectado compreende o intervalo de 3,0 a 4,5%.
Abstract: Detection of animal origin by-products studies in poultry meat are rare and inexistent when related to quail meat. This paper aims the detection of increasing levels of poultry visceral meal (FVA) in quail meat, using carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) stable isotopes technique. Sixty four male quails aging one day originally from a commercial producer were divided in seven different groups in a random distribution. Those groups received different experimental diets containing 0; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5; 6,0; 7,5 e 15% of FVA. Those diets were formulated to be isoenergetic, isoproteic and to have the same level of amino-acids. Four individuals per treatment were sacrificed at the 42nd day for breast muscle (Pectoralis major), keel and tibia collection to later analysis. Isotopic enrichment of d13C and d15N were observed in all analyzed tissues. In 42 day old quail were detect a 3,0 and 4,5% poultry visceral meal inclusion in its diet.
Doutor
Bordinhon, André Moreira [UNESP]. "Autobalanceamento da energia e da proteína da dieta pela tilápia do Nilo por meio de isótopos estáveis de carbono e do consumo de matéria seca." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104115.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade da tilápia do Nilo em 5 balancear sua dieta, quando fornecidas duas misturas de ingredientes, utilizando os 6 isótopos estáveis de carbono. Foram utilizados 225 juvenis de tilápia (peso: 5,0 ± 0,5 g), 7 distribuídos em cinco tanques. Os indivíduos alocados em um dos tanques eram 8 alimentados com uma mistura de alta proteína (MAP; δ13C = -22,62‰), os alocados em 9 um segundo tanque eram alimentados com uma mistura de baixa proteína (MBP; δ13C = 10 -14,34‰) e os animais dos outros tanques tinham acesso livre a ambas, quatro vezes ao 11 dia. Foram realizadas coletas de músculo, fígado e sangue a cada cinco dias por 86 dias, 12 exceto para o grupo alimentado com MBP (alimentado por 120 dias). As amostras 13 foram analisadas em espectrômetro de massa e as proporções consumidas das misturas 14 foram estimadas a partir do enriquecimento isotópico do carbono (δ13C). O 15 balanceamento realizado indicou redução no consumo relativo de proteína. Contudo, 16 esta relação não apresentou padrão definido em relação ao peso dos indivíduos, ou seja: 17 o balanceamento de proteína e energia para tilápia do Nilo está relacionado 18 principalmente à idade dos animais e não é claro se este processo está relacionado 19 também ao seu peso. As estimativas de consumo de um grupo animais desta espécie por 20 meio dos isótopos estáveis de carbono são semelhantes aos obtidos por outras técnicas, 21 portanto este método permite observação da diversidade deste comportamento no 22 autobalanceamento entre os indivíduos que compõe tal grupo.
This study aimed to assess the Nile tilapia ability to balance its own diet, 6 when two ingredient mixes were offered, using carbon stable isotopes. In order to 7 accomplish that, 225 Nile tilapia juveniles (average initial weight 5.0g ± 0.5g) were 8 distributed in five tanks, each containing a group of 45 fish. One group of fish were fed 9 exclusively a high protein mix (HPM; δ13C = -22.62‰), a second one fed only a low 10 protein mix (LPM; δ13C = -14.34‰). The other groups had free access to both mixes 11 (free choice system). The fish from all tanks were fed four times a day. Muscle, liver 12 and blood samples were collected at each five days (from 2 fish/tank/collection) for 86 13 days, except for the fish fed with MBP (fed for a 120 days period). The samples were 14 analyzed in a mass spectrometer and proportions of the mixes consumed were estimated 15 through its carbon isotope enrichment (δ13C). The fish diminished their protein intake 16 along the time. However, consumption did not present a clear pattern in relation to the 17 individual weight, i.e.: protein consumption patterns are mainly related to the age of the 18 individuals and it is not clear if it is also correlated to their weight. The consumption 19 estimative through stable isotopes of carbon did not conflict other studies reported in the 20 literature. Additionally this technique allowed observation of consumption among the 21 individuals from an experimental group 22.
Bordinhon, André Moreira 1978. "Autobalanceamento da energia e da proteína da dieta pela tilápia do Nilo por meio de isótopos estáveis de carbono e do consumo de matéria seca /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104115.
Full textBanca: Wilson Massamitu Furuya
Banca: José Fernando Machado Menten
Banca: Carlos Ducatti
Banca: José Roberto Sartori
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade da tilápia do Nilo em 5 balancear sua dieta, quando fornecidas duas misturas de ingredientes, utilizando os 6 isótopos estáveis de carbono. Foram utilizados 225 juvenis de tilápia (peso: 5,0 ± 0,5 g), 7 distribuídos em cinco tanques. Os indivíduos alocados em um dos tanques eram 8 alimentados com uma mistura de alta proteína (MAP; δ13C = -22,62‰), os alocados em 9 um segundo tanque eram alimentados com uma mistura de baixa proteína (MBP; δ13C = 10 -14,34‰) e os animais dos outros tanques tinham acesso livre a ambas, quatro vezes ao 11 dia. Foram realizadas coletas de músculo, fígado e sangue a cada cinco dias por 86 dias, 12 exceto para o grupo alimentado com MBP (alimentado por 120 dias). As amostras 13 foram analisadas em espectrômetro de massa e as proporções consumidas das misturas 14 foram estimadas a partir do enriquecimento isotópico do carbono (δ13C). O 15 balanceamento realizado indicou redução no consumo relativo de proteína. Contudo, 16 esta relação não apresentou padrão definido em relação ao peso dos indivíduos, ou seja: 17 o balanceamento de proteína e energia para tilápia do Nilo está relacionado 18 principalmente à idade dos animais e não é claro se este processo está relacionado 19 também ao seu peso. As estimativas de consumo de um grupo animais desta espécie por 20 meio dos isótopos estáveis de carbono são semelhantes aos obtidos por outras técnicas, 21 portanto este método permite observação da diversidade deste comportamento no 22 autobalanceamento entre os indivíduos que compõe tal grupo.
Abstract: This study aimed to assess the Nile tilapia ability to balance its own diet, 6 when two ingredient mixes were offered, using carbon stable isotopes. In order to 7 accomplish that, 225 Nile tilapia juveniles (average initial weight 5.0g ± 0.5g) were 8 distributed in five tanks, each containing a group of 45 fish. One group of fish were fed 9 exclusively a high protein mix (HPM; δ13C = -22.62‰), a second one fed only a low 10 protein mix (LPM; δ13C = -14.34‰). The other groups had free access to both mixes 11 (free choice system). The fish from all tanks were fed four times a day. Muscle, liver 12 and blood samples were collected at each five days (from 2 fish/tank/collection) for 86 13 days, except for the fish fed with MBP (fed for a 120 days period). The samples were 14 analyzed in a mass spectrometer and proportions of the mixes consumed were estimated 15 through its carbon isotope enrichment (δ13C). The fish diminished their protein intake 16 along the time. However, consumption did not present a clear pattern in relation to the 17 individual weight, i.e.: protein consumption patterns are mainly related to the age of the 18 individuals and it is not clear if it is also correlated to their weight. The consumption 19 estimative through stable isotopes of carbon did not conflict other studies reported in the 20 literature. Additionally this technique allowed observation of consumption among the 21 individuals from an experimental group 22.
Doutor
Freemantle, Erika Brita Leah. "The oxidation of energy substrates during healthy aging." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3921.
Full textAgrinier, Pierre. "L'evolution de la croute oceanique vue par les rapports isotopiques de l'oxygene, du carbone et de l'hydrogene." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077176.
Full textPetitat, Manuel. "Cr isotopes in carbonaceous chondrites : 53Mn-53Cr systematics and Cr isotopic anomalies." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MNHN0017.
Full textThis thesis has 2 distinct parts. In part I, the 53Mn-53Cr systematics was developed on a NanoSIMS and a CAMECA IMS 1270 to date the formation of carbonates in Orgueil, Alais, Boriskino and Kaidun. For each grain, the 53Cr excesses measured linearly correlated with their respective 55Mn/52Cr ratios, indicating the in-situ decay of 53Mn and showing that 53Mn was still extent at the time of formation of the respective carbonate. In part II, fragments of Tagish Lake and of Orgueil were dissolved in 5 different steps by using reagents with increasing acid strength to identify the different mineral phases carrying the Cr anomalies. Our results show that Tagish Lake displays both the highest excess and the highest deficit in 54Cr relative to a terrestrial standard of all groups of carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. This makes this meteorite one of the least metamorphic meteorite present in the collections worldwide and a particular target for deciphering the carrier phase of the 54Cr anomaly
Michelot, Alice. "Croissance et δ13C des cernes de trois essences forestières tempérées (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus petraea et Pinus sylvestris) face aux variations climatiques à l'échelle interannuelle et saisonnière." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00630649/en/.
Full textLo, Tierzo Vivian [UNESP]. "Turnover do carbono nos tecidos de suínos em diferentes fases de crescimento." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104053.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Este trabalho objetivou determinar o turnover do carbono no sangue, pâncreas e tíbia de suínos em diferentes períodos de crescimento, utilizando a técnica de isótopos estáveis. Foram utilizados 132 machos castrados e fêmeos, distribuídos ao acaso em quatros tratamentos que consistiam da substituição da dieta a base de milho (planta de ciclo fotossintético C4) por dieta a base de arroz (plantas do ciclo fotossintético C3) em dias distintos: 21; 42; 63; 110 dias de idade, respectivamente para os tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4. Para mensurar o turnover do carbono (diluição isotópica) nos tecidos em determinado intervalo de tempo, foram utilizados o modelo de equações de função exponencial do tempo ou modelo sigmoidal de regressão de Boltzmann. Os valores de meias-vidas foram: 15,9; 19,0 e 16,8 dias para o sangue; 14,1; 9,68 e 10,4 dias para o pâncreas; 14,3; 8,0 e 15,1 dias para tíbia com medula nos tratamentos com substituição aos 21, 42 e 63 de idade respectivamente. O pâncreas de acordo com valores de meia vida apresentou um rápido turnover, o sangue e a tíbia com medula apresentaram maiores valores de meia vida
This study aimed to determine the turnover of carbon in the blood, tibia and pancreas of pigs at different growth periods, using the technique of stable isotopes. We used 132 barrows and females were randomly assigned into four groups consisting of replacing the corn-based diet (plant C4 photosynthetic cycle) by diet of rice (C3 photosynthetic cycle plants) on different days: 21; 42, 63; 110 days of age, respectively for treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4. To measure the turnover of carbon (isotope dilution) in tissues given time interval, we used the model equations exponential function of time or template Boltzmann sigmoidal regression. Values of half-lives were 15.9, 19.0 and 16.8 days for the blood; 14.1, 9.68 and 10.4 days for the pancreas, 14.3, 8.0 and 15, one day to the tibia with bone replacement treatments at 21, 42 and 63 of age respectively. The pancreas according to half-life values showed a rapid turnover, blood and tibia with bone showed higher half-life
Davenport, Jesse. "Isotopic tracing of silicate and carbonate weathering in the Himalayan erosional system." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0241.
Full textWeathering of Himalayan lithologies has had a potential impact on the global carbon cycle. To be able to constrain and understand the processes that occurred in the Himalayas that affected these cycles, we must be able to distinguish the signatures of silicate and carbonate weathering in the dissolved load of Himalayan rivers. Previous studies have attempted to do this using a variety of methods but there is still not a clear consensus on the magnitude and flux of silicate weathering in the Himalaya. This thesis proposes the use of 40Ca as a tracer that could improve the quantification of the silicate and carbonate weathering flux in the dissolved load of Himalayan rivers. Previous work has shown that the 40Ca budget of seawater is dominated by a mantle source, such that marine carbonates have a homogeneous 40Ca signature indistinguishable from the mantle value. In contrast, the upper silicate crust is expected to have developed a radiogenic composition. The difference between the radiogenic Ca signature of carbonate and silicate lithologies can be therefore used to differentiate between carbonate and silicate weathering in the dissolved load of rivers. Here, we present a geochemical survey, including radiogenic Ca analyses, of rivers draining the main lithological units of the Himalaya, as well as results from sediments, bedrock, soil and gravel. Our results show that Himalayan carbonates exhibit no radiogenic 40Ca excesses despite highly variable 87Sr/86Sr signatures, whereas sediments are variably radiogenic (+0.9 to +4). This suggests that for Ca, unlike for Sr, isotopic exchange between the silicate and carbonate lithologies has been minimal. The radiogenic Ca composition of river water ranges from +0.1 in carbonate dominated catchments to +11 in rivers draining silicate catchments. For large rivers, silicate and carbonate weathering budget estimates based on major elements and radiogenic Ca compositions tend to agree. However, for some smaller rivers, especially those draining silicate dominated basins in the HHC and LH formations, some discrepancies are observed. These cannot be attributed to poor definition of the chemical or radiogenic Ca composition of the endmembers used for budget modeling, as the values required to bring the estimates into agreement are unreasonable. They also cannot be explained by precipitation of secondary carbonates in the rivers as the non-radiogenic composition of the carbonate fraction of sediments suggests that this process is only minor. Rather, these discrepancies may be due to the dissolution/weathering of trace amounts of radiogenic calcite contained within HHC and LH silicate lithologies. The weathering of such material, which represents only a tiny fraction of the area of the silicate catchment, could yield a substantial proportion of the radiogenic Ca and may thus have a significant influence on the isotopically based weathering budgets of these basins. Nevertheless, as this effect is observed primarily in basins with low silicate erosion rates, its influence on estimates of the overall silicate weathering flux will be minor. More generally, the results of this thesis imply that the 40K–40Ca system can resolve issues that cannot be successfully addressed using Sr isotopes in the Himalaya. Further work is needed to define the full range of radiogenic Ca compositions in the Himalaya in order to clearly answer questions regarding silicate weathering fluxes
Brandon, Margaux. "Les changements majeurs de la productivité biologique au cours du Quaternaire et leurs impacts sur les cycles du carbone et de l’oxygène." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASJ010.
Full textDuring glacial-interglacial cycles of the Quaternary, the atmospheric CO₂ (pCO₂) concentration is associated with important variations, in particular during transitions between glacial and interglacial periods, also called terminations, with increases of up to 100 ppm of pCO₂ in a few thousand years. While the roles of oceanic circulation and sea-ice cover on pCO₂ are studied for several years now, little is known on the impact of biological productivity. The goal of this thesis is to reconstruct the past changes in biological productivity and to estimate their contributions on atmospheric pCO₂ variations over the last 800 000 years (ka), with particular attention to Termination V (~425 ka) and Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11, the interglacial period around 400 ka. Two different approaches were combined to reconstruct global and local variations of biological productivity. Measurements of Δ¹⁷O of O₂ in the air trapped in the Antarctic EPICA Dome C ice core between 400 and 800 ka allowed to complete the pre-existing record and trace back variations of global biosphere productivity expressed in oxygen fluxes over the past 800 ka. Micropaleontological (coccoliths, foraminifera) and geochemical (TOC, CaCO₃, XRF) analyses were performed on a sediment core of the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean (MD04-2718) to reconstruct the changes in biological pump efficiency over the past 800 ka. The results obtained during this thesis showed that, at the scale of glacial-interglacial cycles, global biospheric productivity and Southern Ocean carbonate production are more important during interglacial periods compared to glacial periods, minimizing the impact of marine organic productivity on atmospheric pCO₂. Termination V and MIS 11 register the strongest biosphere productivity of the past 800 ka and the highest marine carbonate production of the past 9 interglacial periods in the Southern Ocean. While the important carbonate production is a source of CO₂ for the atmosphere, the rise in biosphere productivity would counterbalance the increase in pCO₂ through photosynthesis
Simone, Daniela. "The Production and Characterisation of High Purity Ozone and Experimental and Modelling Studies of Anomalous Oxygen Isotope Effects in the Formation of Carbon Dioxide from Irradiated Mixtures of Carbon Monoxide and Ozone or Oxygen." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023002.
Full textTsafack-Menessong, Noëlline. "Abondance et origine trophique de la noctuelle de la tomate (Helicoverpa armigera) dans les paysages ruraux de production cotonnière au Nord Bénin." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0053/document.
Full textThe development of strategies independent of pesticides is a fundamental objective for sustainable crop protection against pests as well as for maintaining of a healthy environment for human populations. The rationale of the research presented here was to improve our ability to control the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera by non-pesticide methods via habitat conservation. We analyzed the influence of agricultural practices and landscape composition and diversity on the abundance and trophic origin of H. armigera and assessed gossypol and tomatine in individual H. armigera as cotton and tomato biomarkers respectively. Gossypol was shown to be a stable cotton biomarker, even in adult H. armigera 12 days after emergence. In contrast, tomatine was only detected in larvae of H. armigera and not adults; thereby tomatine can not be considered as a marker of tomato plants. Subsequently, in north Benin, the abundance of H. armigera larvae and adults was monitored in cotton fields. We found a strong effect of agricultural practices on H. armigera larvae abundance. Delay sowing date and increase frequency of weeding reduced the abundance of H. armigera in cotton fields; whereas the proportion of cotton and tomato in the landscape increased. This study also highlights the role of the previous landcover in the infestation of a cotton field: A previous tomato landcover increased infestation three times more than a previous maize landcover. At nested scales ranging from 100 m, 250 m to 500 m, we studied the effects of landscape composition and diversity firstly on the abundance of adult H. armigera and secondly on their trophic origin. We found that, landscape diversity was the main factor that influenced both the abundance adult and their trophic origin at 500 m scale. Analyses of stables isotopes of Carbone showed that proportion of hosts plants with C3 photosynthetic pathway in the landscape was positively related to H. armigera moths with C3 trophic origin signal at 500 m scale. Only 10% of moths were positive to gossypol signal. The proportion of cotton in the landscape seems not important to explain the trophic origin of individual which were positive to gossypol signal. Therefore, for integrated management of H. armigera our results suggest it is necessary to consider the following agricultural practices and crop diversity regimes (in regard to the resource use strategies of this polyphagous pest). A tomato previous landcover should be avoid; shift sowing date between cotton fields, and have at less three manual weedings. In additional, we suggest employing maize around cotton fields rather than other crops
Sernagiotto, Erica Regina [UNESP]. "Rastreabilidade da farinha de vísceras de aves em codornas submetidas a longo período de criação utilizando a técnica dos isótopos estáveis 'delta' 'intpot. 13 c' e 'delta' 'intpot. 15 N'." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95279.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a capacidade da técnica dos isótopos estáveis em rastrear a farinha de vísceras de aves (FVA), na alimentação de codornas de corte criadas por longo período, após a substituição da dieta com 8% de FVA por dieta vegetal. Foram utilizadas 320 codornas, distribuídas aleatoriamente em oito tratamentos: dieta vegetal (T1) e sete tratamentos com inclusão de 8% de FVA na dieta, um mantendo a dieta até o final do período experimental (T2), e nos demais a dieta foi substituída aos 42; 56; 70; 84; 98; 112 dias; respectivamente, por dieta vegetal. Para coleta das amostras de músculo peitoral foram sacrificadas ao acaso, quatro aves (n = 4) por tratamento, a cada 14 dias, sendo que no T1 e T2 tiveram início aos 42 dias e nos demais a partir da troca das dietas. Os resultados isotópicos obtidos foram submetidos à análise multivariada de variância (MANOVA) com auxílio do procedimento GLM do programa estatístico SAS. Os tratamentos diferiram do vegetal quando as aves foram sacrificadas duas semanas após a troca da dieta; após esse período os tratamentos experimentais tiveram comportamento semelhante ao vegetal, exceto o T3, que se mostrou semelhante ao T1 no abate 14 dias após a troca da dieta; e do T2 que em todos os períodos de comparação diferiu do T1. Conclui-se que a aplicação da técnica dos isótopos estáveis de carbono e nitrogênio na rastreabilidade da FVA, na alimentação de codornas de corte criadas por longo período é possível nas aves abatidas 14 dias após a troca de dieta, com exceção das aves sacrificadas aos 56 dias de idade.
The present work aimed to evaluate the capability of the stable isotope technique to trace poultry visceral meal (PVM) in the diet of meat quails raised for a long period after substitution of an 8% PVM diet for a vegetable diet. Three hundred and twenty poultries (320) were randomly distributed into eight treatments: vegetable diet (T1) and seven treatments containing 8% PVM in the diet: in one treatment, the same diet was kept until the end of the experimental period (T2), and in the remaining treatments, the diet was substituted at 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, and 112 days, respectively, for a vegetable diet. To collect chest muscle samples, four poultries (n = 4) per treatment were randomly sacrificed at every 14 days, starting at 42 days in T1 and T2 and from diet substitution in the remaining treatments. The obtained isotopic results were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using the GLM procedure of SAS statistical software. Treatments differed from the vegetable diet when poultries were sacrificed at two weeks following the diet substitution; after such period, the behavior of experimental treatments was similar to that of the vegetable diet, except for T3, which was similar to T1 at slaughtering at 14 days after the diet substitution, and T2 which, in all comparison periods, differed from T1. In conclusion, the technique of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen can be used to trace PVM in the diet of meat quails slaughtered at 14 days after diet substitution, except for poultries sacrificed at 56 days.
Vaiglova, Petra. "Neolithic agricultural management in the Eastern Mediterranean : new insight from a multi-isotope approach." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c8824136-da35-43b2-a700-f458d0cc2fdf.
Full textMaufrangeas, Adrien. "Dynamique sédimentaire au Paléocène en contexte précoce de bassin d’avant pays dans le domaine Nord-Pyrénéen." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30018/document.
Full textDuring the Paleocene, the North Pyrenean Foreland Basin is an open bay on the Atlantic Ocean. This gulf consists of a shallow carbonate platform in the Petites-Pyrenees area, and mainly continental sediments in the Corbières area (Aude). We collected sedimentological data, through 10 sections, on a west-east transect of 150 km, parallel to the present-day Pyrenees. The facies analysis of these sections allowed us to define sequences but the lack of stratigraphical data, particularly in the continental deposits of the Corbières, made correlations uncertain. To overcome this problem, an analysis of the δ13Corg variations was carried out. It provided a geochemical curve for the whole Paleocene that was then compared with marine reference sections which made possible to refine the stratigraphy of the continental succession and more largely of the study area. Coupled with sequential analysis, these data have also enabled the reconstruction of Paleocene architecture. Our approach allowed us to (1) draw paleogeographic map for each of the Paleocene three stages, to (2) propose a model of tectono-stratigraphical evolution and to (3) discuss the control factors of Paleocene sedimentation in the North Pyrenean Basin
Zyade, Souâd. "Contribution a l'etude des mecanismes de reactions des hydrocarbures sur catalyseurs mono et bimetalliques (pt et pt::(x)co::(1-x)) : correlation avec des taux en residus hydrocarbones et les structures metalliques de surface." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13034.
Full textCosta, Gelcirene de Albuquerque [UNESP]. "Rastreabilidade de camarão amazônico proveniente de cultivo e ambiente natural utilizando a técnica de isótopos estáveis." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86669.
Full textA globalização no comércio de pescado tem aumentado à oferta do produto, mas tem favorecido a prática de fraudes, como por exemplo, a substituição de espécies nobres por espécies de menor valor comercial. Por outro lado, consumidores cada vez mais exigentes têm demonstrado preferências por produtos de sistemas agroalimentares diferenciados. No Brasil, a regulamentação para as indicações geográficas tem crescido em ritmo acelerado nos últimos dois anos, exigindo o desenvolvimento de ferramentas analíticas para comprovação dos atributos de qualidades destes produtos diferenciados. Neste trabalho foi verificada a eficiência das análises de composição química (carne) e isótopos estáveis de carbono e nitrogênio (carne e carapaça) como ferramentas para autenticação e rastreabilidade do camarão da Amazônia. Foram analisados camarões de ambiente natural provenientes de lagos do Amazonas (Rei e Catalão); Lagoa Bahiazinha, Pantanal de Miranda, MS; Ilhas próximas ao estuário no Pará. As amostras de camarão cultivado foram coletadas no CAUNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo. Amostras do Lago Rei foram coletadas em julho e dezembro para avaliar o efeito sazonal nos componentes analíticos. Os resultados mostraram que a análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) permitiu diferenciar camarões em função da origem geográfica e modo de produção tanto para a composição de isótopos estáveis como para composição química
Globalization and increasing international trade in fish and fisheries products, but has favored the practice of fraud, such as the replacement of noble species by species of lower commercial value. Furthermore, consumers are demanding have demonstrated preference for agrifood systems. In Brazil, the rules for geographical indications has grown at a fast pace in the past two years, requiring the development of analytical tools to prove the attributes of these qualities differentiated products. This study evaluated the efficiency of chemical composition analyzes (meat) and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen analyzes (meat and shells) as tools for authentication and traceability of Amazon River prawn. Prawns of natural environment came of the Amazonas from lakes (Rei and Catalão); Bahiazinha pond, Pantanal of Miranda, MS; Islands near the estuary on Para state. Farmed prawn samples were collected in CAUNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo. Samples were collected from Lake Rei in July and December to evaluate the seasonal effect in the analytical components. The results showed that the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) allowed differentiation shrimp depending on geographical origin and method of production for both the composition of stable isotopes as chemical composition
Costa, Gelcirene de Albuquerque. "Rastreabilidade de camarão amazônico proveniente de cultivo e ambiente natural utilizando a técnica de isótopos estáveis /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86669.
Full textBanca: Juliana Célia Denadai
Banca: Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori
Resumo: A globalização no comércio de pescado tem aumentado à oferta do produto, mas tem favorecido a prática de fraudes, como por exemplo, a substituição de espécies nobres por espécies de menor valor comercial. Por outro lado, consumidores cada vez mais exigentes têm demonstrado preferências por produtos de sistemas agroalimentares diferenciados. No Brasil, a regulamentação para as indicações geográficas tem crescido em ritmo acelerado nos últimos dois anos, exigindo o desenvolvimento de ferramentas analíticas para comprovação dos atributos de qualidades destes produtos diferenciados. Neste trabalho foi verificada a eficiência das análises de composição química (carne) e isótopos estáveis de carbono e nitrogênio (carne e carapaça) como ferramentas para autenticação e rastreabilidade do camarão da Amazônia. Foram analisados camarões de ambiente natural provenientes de lagos do Amazonas (Rei e Catalão); Lagoa Bahiazinha, Pantanal de Miranda, MS; Ilhas próximas ao estuário no Pará. As amostras de camarão cultivado foram coletadas no CAUNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo. Amostras do Lago Rei foram coletadas em julho e dezembro para avaliar o efeito sazonal nos componentes analíticos. Os resultados mostraram que a análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) permitiu diferenciar camarões em função da origem geográfica e modo de produção tanto para a composição de isótopos estáveis como para composição química
Abstract: Globalization and increasing international trade in fish and fisheries products, but has favored the practice of fraud, such as the replacement of noble species by species of lower commercial value. Furthermore, consumers are demanding have demonstrated preference for agrifood systems. In Brazil, the rules for geographical indications has grown at a fast pace in the past two years, requiring the development of analytical tools to prove the attributes of these qualities differentiated products. This study evaluated the efficiency of chemical composition analyzes (meat) and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen analyzes (meat and shells) as tools for authentication and traceability of Amazon River prawn. Prawns of natural environment came of the Amazonas from lakes (Rei and Catalão); Bahiazinha pond, Pantanal of Miranda, MS; Islands near the estuary on Para state. Farmed prawn samples were collected in CAUNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo. Samples were collected from Lake Rei in July and December to evaluate the seasonal effect in the analytical components. The results showed that the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) allowed differentiation shrimp depending on geographical origin and method of production for both the composition of stable isotopes as chemical composition
Mestre
Lo, Tierzo Vivian 1982. "Turnover do carbono nos tecidos de suínos em diferentes fases de crescimento /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104053.
Full textBanca: Fabiana Ribeiro Caldara
Banca: Dirlei Antonio Berto
Banca: Juliana Célia Denadai
Banca: Léa Silvia Sant'Ana
Banca: José Albertino Bendassolli
Resumo: Este trabalho objetivou determinar o turnover do carbono no sangue, pâncreas e tíbia de suínos em diferentes períodos de crescimento, utilizando a técnica de isótopos estáveis. Foram utilizados 132 machos castrados e fêmeos, distribuídos ao acaso em quatros tratamentos que consistiam da substituição da dieta a base de milho (planta de ciclo fotossintético C4) por dieta a base de arroz (plantas do ciclo fotossintético C3) em dias distintos: 21; 42; 63; 110 dias de idade, respectivamente para os tratamentos 1, 2, 3 e 4. Para mensurar o turnover do carbono (diluição isotópica) nos tecidos em determinado intervalo de tempo, foram utilizados o modelo de equações de função exponencial do tempo ou modelo sigmoidal de regressão de Boltzmann. Os valores de meias-vidas foram: 15,9; 19,0 e 16,8 dias para o sangue; 14,1; 9,68 e 10,4 dias para o pâncreas; 14,3; 8,0 e 15,1 dias para tíbia com medula nos tratamentos com substituição aos 21, 42 e 63 de idade respectivamente. O pâncreas de acordo com valores de meia vida apresentou um rápido turnover, o sangue e a tíbia com medula apresentaram maiores valores de meia vida
Abstract: This study aimed to determine the turnover of carbon in the blood, tibia and pancreas of pigs at different growth periods, using the technique of stable isotopes. We used 132 barrows and females were randomly assigned into four groups consisting of replacing the corn-based diet (plant C4 photosynthetic cycle) by diet of rice (C3 photosynthetic cycle plants) on different days: 21; 42, 63; 110 days of age, respectively for treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4. To measure the turnover of carbon (isotope dilution) in tissues given time interval, we used the model equations exponential function of time or template Boltzmann sigmoidal regression. Values of half-lives were 15.9, 19.0 and 16.8 days for the blood; 14.1, 9.68 and 10.4 days for the pancreas, 14.3, 8.0 and 15, one day to the tibia with bone replacement treatments at 21, 42 and 63 of age respectively. The pancreas according to half-life values showed a rapid turnover, blood and tibia with bone showed higher half-life
Doutor
Foster, Brian K. "Carbon Isotope controlled molecular switches /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Full textCrichton, Katherine. "The role of permafrost soils in the global carbon-cycle on the timescales of centuries to multi-millennia : a modelling study." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU049/document.
Full textThis study aimed to develop a permafrost-carbon dynamic model to incorporate into the CLIMBER-2 Earth system model and to carry out simulations with a view to contributing to the knowledge of the carbon cycle. The work would, for the first time, allow a fully coupled modelling study with an earth system model which included dynamic atmosphere, ocean, vegetation and cryosphere components including frozen land to study paleoclimates. The availability of recent ice core data for CO2 and δ13C of atmospheric CO2 was to provide a means of validating model findings to identify whether a permafrost-carbon dynamic could have played a significant role in past changing climates.The deep Southern Ocean is an area of particular interest for glacial-interglacial CO2 variability, and current modelling efforts aim to recreate the observed CO2 changes using ocean mechanisms. These are often related to deep southern ocean carbon storage and release. So far the terrestrial biosphere has not been well-considered in transient simulations of the carbon cycle in Earth system models.A simplified permafrost-carbon mechanism was developed and validated and tuned using data from termination 1. It was found that in order to reproduce atmospheric CO2 and δ13C data (for atmosphere and ocean) during the termination, a combination of glacial ocean mechanisms and the permafrost-carbon mechanism was required. Following this finding, several glacial cycles were modelled to study the sensitivity of the permafrost-carbon mechanisms to CO2, ice sheets and insolation. Ice sheet extent was found to be particularly important in controlling the land area available for permafrost and therefore the carbon dynamics of permafrost-carbon. The permafrost-carbon mechanism, via carbon release from thawing soils responding to increasing summer insolation in higher northern latitudes, was found to very likely be the source of initial rises in CO2 on glacial terminations.Termination 1 CO2 data could be well reproduced, including the B-A/YD CO2 plateau, when fresh water forcing was applied to the north Atlantic. Fresh water forcing experiments pointed to the importance of the permafrost-carbon mechanism in fast changing climates. Very fast increases in atmospheric CO2 levels may be explained by fast soil-carbon release responding to increased heat transport to the northern hemisphere on AMOC resumption following an AMOC switch-off/reduction event, such as D/O events seen in the Greenland δ18O record. Future climate change projections represent fast warming events. Driving the model by emissions projections (RCP database) predicted increased peak CO2 and much longer term elevated CO2 levels relative to model outputs which did not include the permafrost carbon feedback.Analysis of ocean δ13C must take into account the dynamics of permafrost and land carbon in general and its effect on atmospheric δ13C levels. If this is not taken into account then ocean circulation may be over-invoked in attempting to explain changes in ocean δ13C and atmospheric CO2. The Earth system is not simply atmosphere and ocean. The findings in this work highlight that it is essential to consider land carbon dynamics when interpreting paleo-indicators for the carbon cycle.The permafrost-carbon mechanism reacts to temperature changes and amplifies the carbon cycle's response. It is stongly dependent not only on energy input (that determines soil temperature and permafrost location), but also on the area of land available globally on which it can exist. In order to properly model and understand the Earth system response to forcing in both future and past climates, the permafrost-carbon feedback mechanism is an important system component. This work has been a first step to address the role that the land cryosphere plays in the carbon cycle and climate system on long timescales, and further studies are essential
Chamaillard, Sylvain. "Efficience d'utilisation de l'eau chez le peuplier noir (Populus nigra L.) : variabilité et plasticité en réponse aux variations de l'environnement." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713525.
Full textCoularis, Cindy. "Dynamique et transfert du carbone dans le bassin versant de la Loire : Traçage par les isotopes du carbone." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS132.
Full textThis thesis focuses on carbon cycle in the Loire River and its major tributaries. It aims to (1) use isotopic composition (14C and 13C) to describe the sources, the nature and the age of the Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Carbon (DIC, DOC) and of the Particular Organic Carbon (POC) sampled during four campaigns in 2013 and 2014; and (2) to use anthropogenic 14C found in the liquid releases of the 5 Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) operating in the basin as a tool to track carbon transfer between the different phases.Archaeologists demonstrated that 14C ages of samples coming from bones or non-human material (potteries, ceramics, sediments,…) are not in balanced with the atmosphere of the time they were created and thus need to be corrected. This bias stems from the age of water (as beverage or raw material), and more precisely the DIC age, also known as reservoir age. In the Loire River and its tributaries, DIC mainly comes from erosion and dissolution of the geological substratum. DIC concentrations are higher in the carbonated areas located in the middle Loire. As the reservoir ages are directly related to the DIC content, their values present a wide spatial variability (from 135 to 2251 yr 14C BP) because the Loire River and its tributaries cross areas with variable content of carbonates among their geological formations.Also, DIC is mainly absorbed during photosynthetic processes that produce algal POC. Algal POC and detrital POC form the particulate organic matter (OM). POC concentrations follow a temporal cycle with higher values during Spring time. Algal carbon marking depends on the DIC isotopic signature used by the chlorophyll synthesis. Reservoir ages calculated from POC values range from 306 to 1597 14C years, with the same spatial and temporal variation as the DIC. Algal carbon ratio, ranging from 2 to 100%, depends on the river, and climatic and hydrologic conditions. However, no systematic pattern can be found. The detrital fraction of POC has an activity close to the activity of POC and algal POC involving that the component is not of geological origin and thus, it is not refractory.The decomposition of this particular OM, the metabolic activity of organisms (lysis and exudation) and the input of old OM from the river, the soil or the groundwater are all sources for DOC production. Thus, DOC concentrations follow the same seasonal pattern as the POC. However, DOC contents are higher than the POC ones, and increase a bit from upstream to downstream (±1mg/L). It can be aged if POC and/or exported OM are old. Thus reservoir ages in the DOC range from 101 to 2494 14C years in April 2013, with older ages in agricultural areas.Not only did the use of anthropogenic 14C made it possible to visualize transfers between different phases, but also it confirmed the emission of enriched 14CDIC and unconfirmed the emission of 14CPOC and 14CDOC by the NPP. However, the 14CDIC activity does not represent the complete activity of the release because of water-atmosphere exchange involving 14C outflow. The marked POC records the initial NPP liquid release activity using the DIC from the NPP. The POC being isolated from the atmosphere, the POC measured activity is close to the originate activity in the release.All these data combined to the understanding of the transfers processes between DIC, POC and DOC will make it possible to improve the existing prediction model and, eventually, to anticipate the behavior of this radionuclide in the river from its emission to its arrival in the estuary and then in the Atlantic Ocean
Linebaugh, Donald W. "Carbon cycling in the York River Estuary: an isotopic and mass balance approach using natural Carbon-14 and Carbon-18 isotopes." W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539791832.
Full textSleiman, Muris [UNESP]. "Determinação do percentual de malte de cevada em cervejas tipo Pilsen utilizando os isótopos estáveis do carbono ('delta' 'inpot.13C') e do nitrogênio ('delta' 'inpot15N')." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101758.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma metodologia para quantificar a proporcao de malte e adjunto utilizada na elaboracao de cervejas do tipo Pilsen. Alem disso, verificou-se a possivel ocorrencia de fraude nas cervejas comerciais fabricadas no Brasil e foi avaliada a correlacao entre o percentual de malte com o preco de varejo da bebida. Para isso, foi testada a metodologia de isotopos estaveis atraves dos elementos quimicos carbono (13C) e nitrogenio (15N). Materias-primas cervejeiras (malte, grits de milho, quirera de arroz, xarope de maltose (HMCS) e acucar de cana), oriundas de diferentes regioes geograficas, foram usadas para a producao de mostos puros e misturas destes, a fim de produzir fermentados padroes de referencia para a construcao de gretas de calibracao-h, a partir das quais se propos um modelo de comportamento para a populacao de cervejas, atraves de analise de regressao linear invertida. Tambem foi calculado um intervalo de confianca ao nivel de 90% para a quantificacao do percentual mais provavel (PMP) de malte presente nas cervejas. Posteriormente, foram feitas analises isotopicas e fisico-quimicas de cervejas comerciais de dezessete estados brasileiros produtores da bebida. A partir dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a cevada e o malte assemelham-se entre si para os dois isotopos analisados, nao sendo possivel sua diferenciacao. As analises de Â13C sao mais indicadas para 2 se calcular o PMP de malte para cervejas elaboradas com malte e adjunto proveniente de planta de ciclo fotossintetico C4, enquanto que as analises de Â15N sao recomendadas para o calculo do PMP de malte em amostras de cerveja elaboradas com malte e arroz (C3). Foram analisadas 161 amostras de cervejas, sendo que 91,3 % utilizaram malte e adjuntos derivados de planta de ciclo C4 em sua formulacao, 4,3 % apresentaram arroz...
The objective of this work was to develop a methodology to quantify the proportion of malt and the adjunct used in the Pilsen beer brewing, to verify the possible occurrence of fraud in beer brewed in Brazil and to evaluate the correlation between the percent of malt with the beer retail price. Therefore, the methodology of stable isotopes using the chemical elements carbon (13C) and nitrogen (15N) was tested. Raw material of beer (malt, corn grits, rice, high maltose corn syrup and sugar cane) coming from different geographical regions, were used for the production of pure worts and their mixtures. These mixtures turned fermented standards of reference to make calibration straight lines, from which a model was proposed by inverted linear regression analysis, that to conduct for all Pilsen beer. Also a range of trust was calculated at a level of 90 % to quantify the most likely percentage (MLP) of malt present in beer. After that, stable isotopic analyses and physical-chemical analyses were made of brewing beer from seventeen Brazilian States brewers of beer. The results showed that barley and malt are similar in the two analyzed isotopes, not being possible to separate them. The analysis of ä13C presented the MLP of malt in brewed beer with malt and the adjunct coming from the C4 plant, and the analysis of ä15N provided the MLP of malt in beer brewed with malt and rice (both C3 plant). One hundred sixty one samples of Brazilian beer were analyzed, from which 91,3 % used malt and adjuncts of the C4 plant in its formulation, 4,3 % showed rice, 4,3% were classify like pure malt beer. From the total, 28,6 % were in the doubt range as for the MLP of malt... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Lau, Steffen, Katharina Salffner, and Hans-Gerd Löhmannsröben. "Isotopic resolution of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide by NIR diode laser spectroscopy." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/1013/.
Full textBroadmeadow, Mark. "Stable carbon isotope discrimination in forest canopies." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386693.
Full textDenis, Marie. "Mécanismes de solubilisation et transfert de matières organiques dissoutes à l'échelle d'un bassin versant agricole : apport de l'étude de la composition moléculaire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S045/document.
Full textDissolved organic matter (DOM), as sources of nutrient or pollutant dissemination pathway are implied in numerous environmental issues. Although DOM have been the subject of numerous studies for several decades, the mechanisms implied for their solubilization and their transport from soils to aquatic systems are still a matter of discussion. Based on DOM molecular composition determined using thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation –gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (THM-GC-MS), this thesis aims to provide a better understanding of their solubilization and transfer mechanisms at the scale of an agricultural headwater catchment. This work was conducted on the experimental headwater catchment of Kervidy-Naizin (France, Environmental Research Observatory AgrHys) in order to determine the processes implied at two temporal scales. At the scale of a rain event, this work has clarified the impact of hydrological conditions on the DOM dynamics. At annual scale, the use of carbon isotope signature (δ13C) and DOM molecular composition allowed to clarify the DOM transfer mechanisms at the slope scale. The use of THM-GC-MS appears to be a suitable tool for the study of DOM dynamics. The results thus obtained allowed to highlight the role of hydrological conditions and in particular the water-table level in the solubilization and transfer of DOM
Dauscher, Anne. "Etudes des reactions de rearrangement de squelette des hexanes sur des catalyseurs a base de platine en presence ou non d'interactions metal-support." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13032.
Full textSernagiotto, Erica Regina 1983. "Rastreabilidade da farinha de vísceras de aves em codornas submetidas a longo período de criação utilizando a técnica dos isótopos estáveis 'delta' 'intpot. 13 c' e 'delta' 'intpot. 15 N' /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95279.
Full textBanca: Carlosw Ducatti
Banca: Valquíria Cação da Cruz
Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a capacidade da técnica dos isótopos estáveis em rastrear a farinha de vísceras de aves (FVA), na alimentação de codornas de corte criadas por longo período, após a substituição da dieta com 8% de FVA por dieta vegetal. Foram utilizadas 320 codornas, distribuídas aleatoriamente em oito tratamentos: dieta vegetal (T1) e sete tratamentos com inclusão de 8% de FVA na dieta, um mantendo a dieta até o final do período experimental (T2), e nos demais a dieta foi substituída aos 42; 56; 70; 84; 98; 112 dias; respectivamente, por dieta vegetal. Para coleta das amostras de músculo peitoral foram sacrificadas ao acaso, quatro aves (n = 4) por tratamento, a cada 14 dias, sendo que no T1 e T2 tiveram início aos 42 dias e nos demais a partir da troca das dietas. Os resultados isotópicos obtidos foram submetidos à análise multivariada de variância (MANOVA) com auxílio do procedimento GLM do programa estatístico SAS. Os tratamentos diferiram do vegetal quando as aves foram sacrificadas duas semanas após a troca da dieta; após esse período os tratamentos experimentais tiveram comportamento semelhante ao vegetal, exceto o T3, que se mostrou semelhante ao T1 no abate 14 dias após a troca da dieta; e do T2 que em todos os períodos de comparação diferiu do T1. Conclui-se que a aplicação da técnica dos isótopos estáveis de carbono e nitrogênio na rastreabilidade da FVA, na alimentação de codornas de corte criadas por longo período é possível nas aves abatidas 14 dias após a troca de dieta, com exceção das aves sacrificadas aos 56 dias de idade.
Abstract: The present work aimed to evaluate the capability of the stable isotope technique to trace poultry visceral meal (PVM) in the diet of meat quails raised for a long period after substitution of an 8% PVM diet for a vegetable diet. Three hundred and twenty poultries (320) were randomly distributed into eight treatments: vegetable diet (T1) and seven treatments containing 8% PVM in the diet: in one treatment, the same diet was kept until the end of the experimental period (T2), and in the remaining treatments, the diet was substituted at 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, and 112 days, respectively, for a vegetable diet. To collect chest muscle samples, four poultries (n = 4) per treatment were randomly sacrificed at every 14 days, starting at 42 days in T1 and T2 and from diet substitution in the remaining treatments. The obtained isotopic results were subjected to multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using the GLM procedure of SAS statistical software. Treatments differed from the vegetable diet when poultries were sacrificed at two weeks following the diet substitution; after such period, the behavior of experimental treatments was similar to that of the vegetable diet, except for T3, which was similar to T1 at slaughtering at 14 days after the diet substitution, and T2 which, in all comparison periods, differed from T1. In conclusion, the technique of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen can be used to trace PVM in the diet of meat quails slaughtered at 14 days after diet substitution, except for poultries sacrificed at 56 days.
Mestre
Nogueira, Andressa Milene Parente [UNESP]. "Análise isotópica da variabilidade natural do carbono-13 e avaliação energética em néctares de pêssego – Prunus persica (L.) Batsch." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90703.
Full textO presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia de análise isotópica para quantificação do carbono proveniente de plantas dos ciclos fotossintéticos C3 (pêssego) e C4 (cana-de-açúcar) com o propósito de detectar possíveis adulterações em néctares de pêssego comercializados no Brasil, além de verificar a veracidade dos valores energéticos informados nos rótulos desses produtos. Para isso, foram produzidos néctares de pêssego, em laboratório, conforme os padrões de identidade e qualidade estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira (bebidas-padrão) e produtos adulterados (com quantidade insuficiente de polpa), nos quais foram calculadas as concentrações de carbono C3, de forma teórica. Esses néctares foram analisados físico-quimicamente para °Brix, pH, acidez titulável e ratio, além da análise isotópica, na qual foi mensurado o enriquecimento isotópico relativo da bebida como um todo e de suas frações (açúcares purificados e sólidos insolúveis). Com base nestes resultados, estimou-se a quantidade de fonte C3 prática nessas bebidas. Os resultados práticos foram comparados com os teóricos para avaliar a precisão do método isotópico ( 13C). Também foi avaliada a influência do uso de aditivos permitidos por lei e das equações de diluição isotópica (simples e com fator de correção) na quantificação de fonte C3. Posteriormente, com base na legislação, foi possível criar um limite de legalidade (% de fonte C3 mínima no produto). A análise isotópica dos néctares de pêssego comerciais forneceu a concentração de carbono C3 dessas bebidas, a qual foi comparada com o limite de legalidade, verificando se os fabricantes dos produtos comerciais estão cumprindo com as normas da legislação vigente. Para bebidas ricas em sólidos insolúveis, como é o caso dos produtos de pêssego, deve-se utilizar...
This work aimed to develop an isotope analysis methodology to quantify carbon C3 (peach) and C4 (sugar cane) in order to detect likely adulteration in peach nectars sold in Brazil, and also to verify the energetic values informed on the label of these products. Adulterated products (with insufficient amount of pulp) and peach nectars were produced in laboratory according to identity and quality standards established by the Brazilian legislation (standard beverage) to calculate theoretically the C3 carbon concentration. These nectars were physically-chemically analyzed for °Brix, pH, titratable acidity and ratio, besides the isotopic analysis, when the relative isotopic enrichment of the whole beverage and its fractions were measured (purified sugars and insoluble solids). Based on these results, the amount of practical C3 source in these beverages was estimated. Practical and theoretical results were compared to evaluate the isotopic method precision ( 13C). The influence of using additives permitted by law and of equations of isotopic dilution (simple and with correction factor) in quantification of C3 source was also evaluated. Later, based on the legislation, a which was compared to the limit of legality, verifying if the commercial producers are respecting the current legislation rules. For beverages rich in insoluble solids, such as peach products, the beverage isotopic value must be used as a whole in dp in the equation of simple isotopic dilution for C3 source quantification. The additives didn’t interfere in results of conventional products, but interfered in light. Out of the eleven trademarks of commercial peach nectars analyzed, only three could be considered legal according to the law, while all seven trademarks of light nectars were adulterate; it was concluded that the methodology of isotopic analysis for this product has shown to be efficient to detect... (Complete abstract, click access below)
Koller, Robert. "Amoebae in the rhizosphere and their interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi : effects on assimilate partitioning and nitrogen availability for plants." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL080N/document.
Full textPlants interact with multiple root symbionts for fostering uptake of growth-limiting nutrients. In turn, plants allocate a variety of organic resources in form of energy-rich rhizodeposits into the rhizosphere, stimulating activity, growth and modifying diversity of microorganisms. The aim of my study was to understand how multitrophic rhizosphere interactions feed back to plant N nutrition, assimilate partitioning and growth. Multitrophic interactions were assessed in a single-plant microcosm approach, with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus intraradices) and bacterial feeding protozoa (Acanthamoeba castellanii) as model root symbionts. Stable isotopes enabled tracing C (13C) and N (15N) allocation in the plant and into the rhizosphere. Plant species identity is a major factor affecting plant-protozoa interactions in terms of N uptake and roots and shoot morphology. Plants adjusted C allocation to roots and into the rhizosphere depending on litter quality and the presence of bacterial grazers for increasing plant growth. The effect of protozoa on the structure of microbial community supplied with both, plant C and litter N, varied with litter quality added to soil. AM-fungi and protozoa interact to complement each other for plant benefit in C and N acquisition. Protozoa re-mobilized N from fast growing rhizobacteria and by enhancing microbial activity. Hyphae of AM fungi acted as pipe system, translocating plant derived C and protozoan remobilized N from source to sink regions. Major perspectives of this work will be to investigate whether (i) multitrophic interactions in our model system can be generalized to other protozoa-mycorrhiza-plant interactions (ii) these interactions are depending on plant phenology and plant community composition
Tarits, Corinne. "Etude des variations de composition isotopique du carbone et de l'oxygène dans le domaine de la précipitation spontanée homogène du carbonate de calcium : modélisation du comportement isotopique du carbone dans ce domaine." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P617.
Full textBradbury, Harold John. "Calcium isotope insight into the global carbon cycle." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273425.
Full textMoingt, Matthieu. "Caractérisation de la matière organique dissoute d'un site d'eau de surface (fleuve Saint-Laurent) et d'un site d'eau souterraine (aquifère de l'Astien, France) par l'utilisation des isotopes du carbone et des produits d'oxydation de la lignine." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00399210.
Full textKim, Moon Koo. "Stable carbon isotope ratio of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment: validation of isolation and stable carbon isotope analysis methods." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1099.
Full text