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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Carboxylic acids'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Shoaf, Glenn Lewis. "Emulsion copolymerization with carboxylic acids." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10255.

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2

Lynch, Daniel Eric. "Molecular cocrystals of carboxylic acids." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994.

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3

Delikatny, Edward James. "NMR studies of carboxylic acids : an investigation of head group behaviour in lyotropic and nematic phases." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26996.

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The orientational order of the methylene segments adjacent to the head group in the lamellar liquid crystalline phase of potassium palmitate/D₂0 was investigated using multinuclear magnetic resonance. Previous studies had shown that the orientational order near the soap--water interface decreased with decreasing temperature, contrary to intuition. To investigate this phenomenon, three isotopically substituted species of palmitic acid were synthesized: palmitic acid-d₃₁, 1-¹³C-2,2-H₂- palmitic acid-d₂₉, and 2,2,3,3-H₄- palmitic acid-d₂₇. These compounds were treated in two complementary fashion

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4

Das(, dutta) Sima. "Organotin derivatives of hydroxamic acids derived from dibasic carboxylic acid." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/755.

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5

Nandy, Kajal. "Stable mixed carboxylic acid dimers." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2009/k_nandy_071409.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in chemistry)--Washington State University, August 2009.<br>Title from PDF title page (viewed on Aug. 10, 2009). "Department of Chemistry." Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-55).

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6

Wiklund, Per. "Synthesis of heterocycles from anthranilic acid and its derivatives /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-913-7/.

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7

Worrall, Julia. "Asymmetric synthesis of #alpha#-heterosubstituted carboxylic acids." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242305.

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8

Morrill, Louis Christian. "Organocatalytic functionalisation of carboxylic acids using isothioureas." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6346.

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This thesis describes investigations into the ability of isothioureas to act as organocatalysts in formal [4+2] cycloadditions between carboxylic acids and various Michael acceptors via C1-ammonium enolate intermediates. Initial research focused upon establishing optimal reaction conditions to affect the asymmetric intermolecular formal [4+2] cycloaddition between a range of arylacetic acids and α-keto-β,γ-unsaturated esters, giving anti-dihydropyranones in high yield (49-87%) and with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity (up to 98:2 dr, up to 99% ee). This represented the first time th

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9

Dalavoy, Tulika Sanjeev. "Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of [alpha]-functionalized carboxylic acids." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Chemistry, 2006.<br>Alpha in title represented by the lower case Greek letter. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Nov. 20, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 235-245). Also issued in print.

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10

Bankole, Kehinde Seun. "Uncatalyzed esterification of biomass-derived carboxylic acids." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/922.

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To shift from a petroleum-based to a biomass-based economy will require the development not only of biofuels, but also of biorenewable replacements for petroleum-derived chemicals. In this regard, environmentally friendly biomass-derived esters may serve as alternatives to fossil-derived chemicals such as toxic halogenated solvents and glycol ethers. Therefore, esterification of various carboxylic acids that find significant applications in the chemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical, food, and cosmetic industries has been initiated by the chemical industry. At atmospheric condition, esterific

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11

Zunk, Matthew Stephen. "An Investigation into the Synthesis of 5,7-diamino-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-nonulosonic acid analogues." Thesis, Griffith University, 2023. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365643.

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This thesis describes the results of a research program aimed at investigating synthetic methodology towards obtaining novel 5,7-diamino-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-nonulosonic acid analogues. Syntheses outlined in this thesis comprise varied approaches which include a chemoenzymatic approach and two chemical approaches from differing starting materials. Pseudaminic acid and legionaminic acid are 5,7-diamino-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-nonulosonic acids that play an essential role in the pathogenic capabilities of numerous clinically relevant Gram-negative bacteria. Over the past twenty-five years several struc

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12

Gulbrandsen, Ragnhild Helene. "Electrochemical reactions of Carboxylic Acids and product identification." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for kjemi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18333.

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13

Ng, Youn Chen Marie Christine. "Kinetic resolution of carboxylic acids by microbial lipases." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60723.

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Four microbial lipases were examined to test a proposed substrate model based on the relative size of the substituents on the stereogenic carbon of $ alpha$-substituted carboxylic acids (Fig. 5). Literature and our results for the kinetic resolution of carboxylic acids with the lipases from Candida rugosa, Aspergillus niger, Mucor meihei and Pseudomonas cepacia showed that sterics alone do not account for enzymatic enantioselectivity.<br>In the course of this work, it was found that the lipase from Aspergillus niger showed appreciable enantioselectivity (E = 19 $ pm$ 3 at pH 7/10 mM phosphate

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14

Yang, Liangyu. "Chemical modification of cellulose substrates with carboxylic acids and phosphorus containing acids." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.581972.

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The principle objectives of this research were to chemically modify cellulose using either carboxylic acids or phosphorus containing acids. Carboxylic acids were reacted with isocyanic acid derived from sodium cyanate, in order to synthesise reactive anhydrides, amides and polyamide compounds. The application of these intermediate compounds to cellulose was in tempted. The phosphonation of cellulose using phosphorous acid resulted in a substrate which exhibited flame retardant properties. Firstly, the stability and the nature of the reagents were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spec

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15

Ahmed, Sharmin Nayela. "Kinetic resolution of carboxylic acids by Candida rugosa lipase." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68151.

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A substrate structure rule to predict the enantioselectivity of Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) towards $ alpha$-substituted carboxylic acids is proposed. Lipase from Candida rugosa resolved methyl $ alpha$-substituted phenylacetates -5. These substrates were examined to understand the influence of steric and the electronic nature of the substituents at the chiral center on the enantioselectivity. Crude CRL was partially enantioselective towards substrates -3, and highly selective towards and, E $>$ 100. Partial purification of crude CRL by 2-propanol extraction and separation by an ion exchange c

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16

Eberlin, Alex R. "Enol intermediates derived from carboxylic acids, esters and amides." Thesis, Durham University, 1995. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5282/.

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A kinetic investigation into the enolisation mechanism and enol contents of simple carboxylic acids, esters and amides has been undertaken. Measurement of the enolisation rate constants for malonic acid, ethylhydrogenmalonate and 2- carboxyacetamide were obtained. The halogenation reactions were carried out under conditions where the rate determining step was the enolisation and the reactions were zero order in halogen. The measurements were carried out using u.v./visible spectrophotometry. Results obtained for malonic acid and ethylhydrogenmalonate support the idea of an intramolecular acid c

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17

Thompson, Gary S. "Studies of some actinide ions with polyhydroxy carboxylic acids." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385733.

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18

Rambocus, Subhas. "Reactive solvent extraction of dicarboxylic and carboxylic-sulfonic acids." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245144.

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19

Papavergou, Ekaterini J. "Tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acids in smoked foods." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1990. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843834/.

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beta-Carbolines are tricyclic compounds deriving from the condensation of indoleamines or tryptophan with fairly electrophilic carbonylic compounds to form a fused benzene-pyrrole-pyridine ring system (Pictet-Spengler reaction). Previous investigation carried out with model systems proved the facile formation of various tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acids (beta-CCA) from tryptophan and reactive carbonyls present in wood smoke, under conditions simulating those of foods during their smoking process. The present work has been undertaken to investigate and confirm the actual occurence of

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20

Bains, Gurjeet Singh. "Cocoa flavour : the interaction of pyrazines with carboxylic acids." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1995. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36919/1/36919_Bains_1995.pdf.

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The essential ingredient of chocolate is a product of the cocoa tree and is used world-wide in confectionary as a flavorant and as an ingredient of beverages. The flavour and odour of chocolate varies according to the source of the cocoa but must be free from objectionable or unpleasant characteristics. With the increasing demand for this product, chocolate producing companies have invested heavily in cocoa plantations in a number of areas in the world This has included South East Asia and Papua New Guinea. Cocoa from these sources suffers from high acidity and low chocolate flavour. It is f

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21

Moody, Andrew Garret. "Pilot-scale fermentation of office paper and chicken manure to carboxylic acids." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3787.

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This project focused on scaling up the laboratory fermentation of biomass to carboxylic acids. Four 1050-gallon tanks were used to simulate four-stage countercurrent fermentation. Most laboratory fermentations have been performed with 1-L fermentors. The purpose of the pilot plant was to show that the process is scalable. The inocula were marine and terrestrial microorganisms. Office paper was used as an energy source, and chicken manure provided the necessary nutrients. The substrate was 80 wt% office paper and 20 wt% chicken manure. Calcium carbonate was used as a neutralizing agent and iodo

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22

Javed, Hafsa Shamim. "Investigating co-crystallisation of primary amides and carboxylic acids : comparative analysis of Benzamide, Isonicotinamide and Nicotinamide co-crystal growth with carboxylic acid." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5436.

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Crystal Engineering is the design of crystalline material using non-covalent synthesis. Co-crystals are multi-component crystals which are constructed from complementary intermolecular interactions, they are also known as supramolecular complexes. Design of such materials utilises the synthon approach, this involves the understanding of common intermolecular interactions which occur in the crystal packing and is used to design new solids with desired physical properties and chemical properties. Primary amides form supramolecular heterosynthons, these synthons represent an opportunity for a des

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23

Javed, Hafsa S. "Investigating co-crystallisation of primary amides and carboxylic acids. Comparative analysis of Benzamide, Isonicotinamide and Nicotinamide co-crystal growth with carboxylic acid." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5436.

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Crystal Engineering is the design of crystalline material using non-covalent synthesis. Co-crystals are multi-component crystals which are constructed from complementary intermolecular interactions, they are also known as supramolecular complexes. Design of such materials utilises the synthon approach, this involves the understanding of common intermolecular interactions which occur in the crystal packing and is used to design new solids with desired physical properties and chemical properties. Primary amides form supramolecular heterosynthons, these synthons represent an opportunity for a des

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24

Gao, Hong Ying 1967. "Assessing the potential of carboxylic acids as inhibitors of glycation." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116072.

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Glycation is a series of chemical interactions occurring in food and biological systems between reducing sugars and proteins leading to the formation of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs). Ingestion of dietary AGEs and/or their formation in-vivo are mainly associated with cardiovascular and other age-related diseases and complications of long term diabetes. Potential strategies to prevent AGE formation can help to reduce risk factors associated with thermal processing of many foods. The overall objective of this research was focused on the identification of potential AGE inhibitors and inv

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25

Ouyang, Bin. "High resolution microwave spectroscopic studies of hydrates of carboxylic acids." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fd61d74f-007f-4047-8191-2cd0d45ab686.

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This thesis studies the monohydrate, dihydrate and in some cases, trihydrate of five carboxylic acids, namely acetic acid, propanoic acid, T-difluoroacetic acid, Gdifluoroacetic acid and trifluoacetic acid using the technique of Fourier tranform microwave spectroscopy. The rotational and centrifugal distortion constants of these hydrates were determined with high accuracy. Ab initio calculations were also performed to locate the different conformational minima of the hydrates and to optimize their structures. Comparison of the ab initio predicted rotational and centrifugal distortion constants

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26

Ramírez, Nieves P. "Visible light-promoted transformations of carboxylic acids using organic photocatalysts." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/110279.

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In this doctoral thesis, we have studied the oxidation of carboxylic acids to obtain the corresponding acyloxy radicals, using visible light and non-toxic and inexpensive organic dyes, as photocatalysts. On the one hand, we study the photooxidation of aromatic carboxylic acids to obtain acyloxy radicals, whose decarboxylation is relatively slow (Chapter I and Chapter II). On the other hand, we describe the photooxidation of aliphatic carboxylic acids, to take advantage of the rapid decarboxylation of the corresponding acyloxy radicals, to generate nucleophilic radicals that were trapped by dif

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27

Dobson, Allison J. "X-ray diffraction investigations of quinoline and amino carboxylic acids /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487949836206992.

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28

Jayalatharachchi, Vishakya. "Assembly and reactions of carboxylic acids on metal-passivated silicon." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/210188/1/Vishakya_Jayalatharachchi_Thesis.pdf.

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Thesis explores the self- assembly and reaction of molecules on surfaces. Initial focus was on understanding these molecular behaviours on metal surfaces by examining the chemical and electronic properties. Unfortunately, metal surfaces are unsuitable for electronic applications. Hence, subsequent focus was on transitioning the experiment to non-metallic and low-cost silicon surfaces. Silicon requires to be passivated with metal atom layers due to its high reactivity. Molecular behaviour was examined by varying the metal layer thickness. Metal layers with 20 atoms thickness mimics the bulk met

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29

Shinde, S. B. "Studies in hydrogenation of carboxylic acids using supported metals catalysts." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2007. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2576.

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30

Xu, Xin. "Direct conversion of carboxylate salts to carboxylic acids via reactive extraction." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/86006.

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The MixAlco process, a proprietary technology owned by Texas A&M University, converts biomass (e.g., municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, paper, agricultural residues, and energy crops) into usable chemicals (e.g., acetic acid) and fuels (e.g., ethanol). Historically, calcium carbonate has been used as the buffer. Recently, it was found that using ammonium bicarbonate as the buffering agent enhances the fermentation conversion. In this case, fermentation broth contains ammonium salts (e.g., ammonium acetate, propionate, butyrate, pentanoate). Therefore, the downstream processing steps (includ

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31

McGlynn, Andrea. "Interaction of DEHA with mammalian cells." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111939.

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This project studied the biodegradation of a plasticizer, di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), by two mammalian cell lines, HepG2 and WIF-B, in vitro . An MTT assay showed that DEHA had a toxic effect on both cell lines. Despite this, both hepatocyte cell lines successfully degraded the plasticizer. Metabolites were identified and quantified by gas chromatography. HepG2 cells showed minimal alcohol dehydrogense activity and this resulted in the accumulation of 2-ethylhexanol. WIF-B cells were able to breakdown the alcohol and produced 2-ethylhexanoic acid. It is important to note that an enzyme w

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32

Connors, William H. "Enforcing DNA duplexes with molecular caps /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2002.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)-Tufts University, 2002.<br>Adviser: Clemens Richert. Submitted to the Dept. of Chemistry. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-150). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;

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33

Lee, Chien-Ming. "Hydrogen-bonded main-chain liquid crystalline association polymers." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272680.

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34

Yu, Sze-chit. "Syntheses and physical properties of polymers based on 2,2'-bipyridine dicarboxylic acid and pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20978650.

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35

Yau, Ka-tun. "Production and characterization of antisera against 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19740104.

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36

Komba, Christele Lydia. "Chiral discrimination of dicarboxylic acids with Cinchona alkaloids." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2571.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemistry))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.<br>This thesis is aimed at the investigation of the chiral discrimination process during diastereomeric salt formation, when selected cinchona alkaloids are exposed to racemic mixtures of tartaric acid derivatives. This research is based on the use of (+)‐cinchonine, (‐)‐cinchonidine, (‐)‐quinidine and (+)‐ quinine, which served as chiral bases, in order to resolve racemates of O,O'‐dibenzoyl‐tartaric acid (DBTA) and O,O'‐di‐p‐toluoyl‐tartaric acid (DTTA). Cinchona alkaloids were selected because of their abilities

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37

Schory, David Henry. "Quantum Chemical Investigations of Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions and Acid Dissociations of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1253480264.

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38

Agbogbo, Frank Kwesi. "Anaerobic fermentation of rice straw and chicken manure to carboxylic acids." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4973.

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In this work, 80% lime-treated rice straw and 20% lime-treated chicken manure were used as substrates in rotary fermentors. Countercurrent fermentation was performed at various volatile solid loading rates (VSLR) and liquid residence times (LRT). The highest acid productivity of 1.69 g/(LÃÂ·d) was at a total acid concentration of 32.4 g/L. The highest conversion and yield were 0.692 g VS digested/g VS fed and 0.29 g total acids/g VS fed, respectively. The continuum particle distribution model (CPDM) was used to predict product concentrations at various VSLR and LRT. CPDM predicted the experim

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39

Davey, Claire Louise. "Reductions of aromatic carboxylic acids and nitroarenes using whole cell biotransformations." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361337.

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40

Stephen, Jennifer Lea. "Studies towards the decarboxylative cross-coupling of azole-4-carboxylic acids." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18011.

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Some interesting, biologically active natural products have been found to contain poly-azole fragments within their core. These fragments are linked through the 2- position of one azole and the 4-position of its neighbour. Decarboxylative cross-coupling methodology may provide a route to these desired linked azoles through cross-coupling of azole-4-carboxylic acids with azole-2- halides or with azoles containing no substitution at the 2-position. Investigations into the silver-mediated decarboxylation, and subsequent coupling potential, of thiazole and oxazole-4-carboxylic acids are reported.

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41

Rontu, Carlon Nabilah Arshad. "Atmospheric chemistry and fate of highly-fluorinated carboxylic acids and alcohols." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3337147.

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42

Hocker, John-andrew Samuel. "The Role of Small Carboxylic Acids during Poly(amide) 11 Hydrolysis." W&M ScholarWorks, 2012. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626935.

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43

Badban, Shiva. "Adsorption and Ionization of Carboxylic Acids at the Air/Water Interface." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/57084.

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Surfactants are widely used in our daily life from pharmaceuticals and washing products to petroleum and biotechnology. Despite of thousands years of applications, the ionization of surfactants at the air/water interface is still unquantified. This study focuses on ionic surfactants performance at air/water interface. Carboxylic acids of C9 and C10 were investigated experimentally and theoretically. Finally, adsorption parameters obtained from this work shred important insights into ionization of fatty acids at the air/water interface.

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44

Mogg, Trevor. "Triterpene Carboxylic Acids as Cortisol Lowering Agents and Synthesis of Hexadeuterated Beta-Ionone." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23265.

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In part one, betulinic acid (1) was isolated from the American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) in 1.6% yield, while ursolic acid (3) was isolated from Fuji and McIntosh apple peels in 1.0% and 0.8% crude yields, respectively. Oleanolic (4) and dehydrocanophyllic (6) acids were previously available, along with several analogs. Additional analogs of 1, 3 and 4 were prepared, including 9 new compounds, for a total of 51 compounds. Compounds were initially screened for cortisol lowering properties in vitro using a fish head kidney cell assay. Platanic acid (43) was selected for in vivo study in r

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45

丘家墩 and Ka-tun Yau. "Production and characterization of antisera against 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase and ACC oxidase." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31214800.

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46

Sanin, Leira David. "Photochemistry of sulfuyl chloride for more regioselective chlorination (and chlorosufonation) of carboxylic acids and acid chlorides." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273394.

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47

Marinetti, Andrea. "Recovery of Carboxylic acids from anaerobic fermented broth through ionic exchange processes." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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The recovery of Carboxylic acids were based on two particular objective: the study of the efficiency of a cation exchange resin, used in order to reduce the pH of the actual effluent, considering it is necessary to have a low pH for the anion exchange resin to be able to adsorb the acids from the effluent, and the preliminary studies perfomerd on the anion exchange resin, at various flow rates and both mode of operation, expanded and packed bed mode, using a simulated effluent, were the carboxylic acids were represented by just acetic acid, as the target molecule.

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48

Biber, Madeleine Verena. "Carboxylic acids on metal oxides in water : an in-situ FTIR study /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1992. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=9918.

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49

Gorden, Jannick [Verfasser]. "Innovative downstream concept for di-carboxylic acids of biocatalytic origin / Jannick Gorden." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/116276743X/34.

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50

Little, I. "Synthesis, structures and reactions of polynuclear metal complexes with unsaturated carboxylic acids." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373055.

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