Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Carburant alternatif'
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Lesaffre, Thomas. "Impact des carburants durables pour l'aviation (SAFs) sur l'opérabilité moteur : modélisation et simulation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025TLSEP047.
Full textComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) plays a crucial role in advancing the understanding of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAFs) and their impact on aviation engine operability. Numerical simulations are essential for predicting how SAFs affect critical engine limits, such as lean blow-out, ignition, and thermal stability. The growing interest in CFD is driven by its potential to reduce costs in the fuel approval process and future engine designs. However, the development of accurate and reliable modeling frameworks is vital to address the multi-physics phenomena that influence engine performance. In this context, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is employed to model the intricate interactions between turbulent reactive flows and SAF combustion, enabling better insights into how fuel properties impact engine behavior
El, Hachem Wissam. "Three essays on transition to alternative fuel vehicles through distributive justice." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESEC0007.
Full textIn this thesis, we have investigated the transition from internal combustion engines (ICE) to alternative fuel vehicles (AFV) while considering the social dimension via the concept of DJ. This enabled us to highlight the many tradeoffs at play between the different policy instruments as well as between the three sustainability pillars, and therefore to minimize them. Each of the essays looked at AFV transition from a different angle with each one complementing the other two. Each of the essays has some limitations that were partially dealt with in the other two essays. However, there remains plenty of work to be done on this subject in the future
Gaillot, Tiphaine. "Évaluation de l’impact des émissions aériennes sur le changement climatique : développement de la méthode d’Analyse du Cycle de Vie et recommandations pour la sélection de carburants alternatifs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS538.pdf.
Full textGiven the increase in demand from the aviation sector and its emissions, we need to assess the impact of aviation on the environment. This thesis focuses on the impact of aviation emissions on climate change. This category is the most impacted by subsonic aircraft. Various levers have been deployed to mitigate this impact, including the incorporation of alternative fuels. The Life Cycle Assessment method is the one used in this work. The aim is to assess all emissions having a direct and indirect impact on climate change during a long-haul or short-haul, for the fossil fuel Jet A-1, and alternative jet fuels such as FT-SPK (paraffinic kerosene from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis) and hydrogen. As most of the fuel is burnt at high altitude during the cruise phase and the majority of emissions have a greater impact at cruising altitudes, we first look at the nature of emissions at high altitude and their impact on climate change, based on GWP (global warming potential) at different time horizons. The assessment of high-altitude emissions for different types of jet fuel over 20 and 100-year time horizons illustrated the crucial role of short-lived climate forcers, especially nitrogen oxides and contrails-cirrus. In a second stage, the scope of the air transport assessment has been extended to include the airport, the aircraft, and the production and use of the fuel. These results demonstrate the importance of high-altitude emissions and the production phase in the complete assessment. The thesis concludes with an assessment of the impact of emissions during the use and production phase of fuel mix in 2050, based on the different energy demands specific to the of the International Energy Agency (IEA) report published in 2022. The development of low-emission processes, as well as changes in behavior and the implementation of specific sobriety policies, are essential to reducing the environmental impact of the aviation sector
Saldana, Miranda Diego. "Méthodes d'apprentissage automatique pour l'aide à la formulation : Carburants Alternatifs pour l'Aéronautique." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066346.
Full textAlternative fuels and biofuels are a viable and attractive answer to problems associated to the current widespread use of conventional fuels in vehicles. One interesting aspect of alternative fuels is that the range of possible chemical compounds is large due to their diverse biological origins. This aspect opens up the possibility of creating “designer fuels”, whose chemical compositions are tailored to the specifications of the fuel being replaced. In this regard, it would be interesting to develop accurate predictive methods capable of instantaneously estimating a fuel’s physico-chemical properties based solely on its chemical composition and structures of its components. In this PhD work, we have investigated the application of machine learning methods to estimate properties such as flash point, enthalpy of combustion, melting point, cetane number, density and viscosity for families of compounds and mixtures similar to those found in biofuels: hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds. During the first part of this work, machine learning models of pure compound properties were developed. During the second part mixtures have been examinated, two types of approaches were investigated: (1) the direct application of machine learning methods to mixture property data; (2) the use of the previously developed pure compound property models in combination with theoretically based mixing rules. It was found that machine learning methods, especially support vector machine methods, were an effective way of creating accurate and robust models. It was further found that, in the absence of sufficiently large or representative datasets, the use of mixing rules in combination with machine learning is a viable option. Overall, a number of accurate, robust and fast property estimation methods have been developed as a means to guide the formulation of alternative fuels
Bougrine, Sabre. "Modélisation 0D de la combustion des carburants alternatifs dans les moteurs à allumage commandé." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740654.
Full textNaudin, Thomas. "Etude des effets de la micro-gravité sur l'atomisation de gouttes de carburants alternatifs émulsionnés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU4007.
Full textThe interest in fuel emulsification using water lies in improving combustion quality (and reducing pollutant emissions) through secondary atomization of the droplet, known as micro-explosion. As this phenomenon's likelihood depends on several parameters, studying the impact of each of these factors on micro-explosion occurrence is crucial. The aim of the work presented in this manuscript is to enhance understanding of the micro-explosion phenomenon. To achieve this, the study examines the behavior of the dispersed aqueous phase in the form of fine droplets during the heating period of the so-called "mother" droplet. It appears that the coalescence of the dispersed phase seems to be a factor improving the quality and likelihood of micro-explosion occurrence. Additionally, the behavior of the dispersed phase seems to depend on internal liquid stirring induced by natural convection mechanisms. With this perspective, optical diagnostics based on Laser-Induced Fluorescence have been implemented to visualize the temperature field inside a droplet and detect any temperature gradients. Finally, an automated experimental setup intended for use in microgravity conditions has been developed. The experiments provided evidence confirming the predominance of surface tension effects on the flow inside the droplet
Kashif, Muhammad. "Measurement of sooting tendencies of alternative fuels : application to primary reference fuels." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066258.
Full textAn optical diagnostics layout is designed and validated to measure soot volume fraction in methane/air diffusion flames doped with vapors of liquid hydrocarbons. Soot volume fraction is inferred from the inversion of integrated light extinction data using an Onion-peeling algorithm stabilized by a Tikhonov regularization method. This measurement is then converted into apparatus-independent Yield Sooting Index (YSI). The method has been applied to compare the sooting tendencies of PRFs in doped axisymmetric diffusion flames when keeping the concentration or energy of injected vapors constant. A second-order correlation modeling the variation of YSI with the mole fraction of iso-octane in PRF mixture and the proportion of carbon dioxide in the co-flowing oxidizer has been established using least-squares non-linear data-fitting to experimental data. These studies performed on laboratory flames and the results obtained are of practical importance and can be used to predict the sooting behavior of fuels under practical combustion environment
Hassan, Mohamad. "Conversion en diesel-gaz d'un moteur diesel à injection directe de faible puissance." Valenciennes, 1992. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/be2998f3-db38-4ee2-a7bd-e9ed853663aa.
Full textRojo, Carolina. "Impact environnemental des aérosols formés dans les panaches d'avions : modélisation et application à l'utilisation de carburants alternatifs." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829919.
Full textRojo, Escude-Cofiner Carolina. "Impact environnemental des aérosols formés dans les panaches d'avions : modélisation et application à l'utilisation de carburants alternatifs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAF047/document.
Full textAircraft emit important amounts of particulate and gaseous matter in the atmosphere contributing on the one hand to local air pollution and on the other hand to the atmospheric radiative forcing and to climate change. Introducing alternative fuels in aviation can be considered as a viable option to reducing the impact of aviation, being economically and environmentally sustainable. These selected biofuels tend to have lower aromatic and sulphur contents inducing a simultaneous reduction in sulphuric acid and soot emissions. However modifying the nature and composition of the fuel used can entail unexpected consequences. It is therefore essential to study and determine the evolution of aerosols in the aircraft plume. To manage this task, a microphysical trajectory box, previously tested with standard kerosene, has been developed. After an assessment concerning the typical emissions from the combustion of biofuels in aviation, simulations have been undertaken in order to predict aerosol evolution. Several microphysical processes have been revised such as droplet homogeneous freezing or the behaviour of organic compounds
Kerihuel, Anthony. "Étude de la formulation et de la combustion de carburants alternatifs à base de graisses animales pour moteur à allumage spontané." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2072.
Full textThe energy valorization of animal greases in an engine with spontaneous lighting seems one of the possible alternatives in order to secure reduction in the reserves in fossil energies and to reduce the gas emissions for purpose of greenhouse. Animal greases present properties of combustion close to the gas oil (LHV and index cetane) but some their physical properties, such viscosity and the temperature of solidification, makes them not easily usable directly in a diesel engine. The characterization of greases of various origins showed that those are different only by their composition in fatty acids. In addition, the acid content fatty saturated is the principal cause of a viscosity and a temperature of solidification high. However, the transformation of this biomass into a stable emulsion containing an alcohol (methanol or ethanol) of water and surfactant makes it possible to obtain one biocarburant liquid at ambient temperature. Emulsions optimum of animal greases are then carried out. Tests out of diesel engine are carried out in order to measure the performances and the pollutant emissions resulting from the use of the formed emulsions. The results are convincing because the emissions of gaseous pollutants and particles are considerably reduced compared to the use of pure grease or gas oil. The modeling of the injection of a drop of emulsion in the combustion chamber shows that the phenomenon of the “microexplosion”, due to the abrupt evaporation of the water dispersed under the effect of heat, explains the reductions noted on the level of the pollutant emissions
Bury, Yannick. "Structure de jets légers ou lourds en écoulement externe fortement pulsé : expérimentation modèle du mélange de carburants gazeux dans les moteurs alternatifs." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT045H.
Full textKarsenty, Florent. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la cinétique de combustion de carburants aéronautiques alternatifs synthétiques et de mélanges-modèles." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2030/document.
Full textCurrent liquid fuels are mainly from petroleum refining. However, replacing them with new-generation alternatives fuels, renewable, from biomass and cleaner appear to be an economic and environmental necessity. Goals are to reduce petroleum dependency whose price increases and supplies decreases, and limit emissions of carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas emissions). The adaptation of existing engines to these new fuels requires a thorough knowledge of their kinetic of combustion and the nature and concentrations of pollutants formed during their use. Research activities on alternative fuels for the aviation industry have considerably increased in recent years. In this study we are interested in the "synthetic fuels" solution that offers encouraging prospects for the future. Studies on the kinetic of oxidation were carried out in a Jet Stirred Reactor (JSR) over a wide range of experimental conditions at the Institute of Combustion Aerothermal Reactivity and Environment on the campus of the CNRS of Orléans. These studies were initially conducted on pure hydrocarbons which could be good candidates as models molecules to represent the isoparaffins cut in a synthetic kerosene. These molecules are isomers of iso-octane used as such until now. In a second step, studies were conducted on three synthetic kerosene, a SPK provided by IFP, a CtL (Sasol) and GTL (Shell). Analyses by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and by gas chromatography (GC-FID-TCD-MS) allowed us to measure the concentration profiles of reactants, stable intermediates and finals products as a function of temperature. Detailed kinetic mechanisms adapted to the studied compounds have been developed and validated by comparison with experimental results
Clairotte, Michaël. "Impact of fuels and exhaust aftertreatment systems on the unregulated emissions from mopeds, light and heavy-duty vehicles non réglementées des scooters, voitures et camions." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20164/document.
Full textTransport sector plays a key role in global warming and air pollution. Among the anthropogenic sectors, on-road transport is recognized as the first contributor to global warming, mainly due to its emission of carbon dioxide, ozone precursors and carbonaceous aerosols. In addition, on-road transport contributes to the deterioration of air quality by releasing nitrogen oxides, ammonia, carbonyls, hydrocarbons and aerosols. However, the current European legislation of vehicles emissions focusses on a limited number of pollutants, namely hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter.The aim of this work was to improve the knowledge about the emission factors of gas phase and particle-associated emissions from vehicle exhaust. The impacts of aftertreatment devices and fuel quality on regulated and unregulated species were studied. Several sampling campaigns with different types of vehicles were conducted in the vehicle emission laboratory (VELA) at the European Commission Joint Research Centre (EC-JRC) Ispra, Italy. The vehicles chosen were representative of some categories circulating in Europe (heavy duty vehicles, light duty vehicles, two-stroke mopeds), and either standard fuel or some alternative fuels (ethanol and liquefied petroleum gas) were used. The gas phase was monitored by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (carbonyls, nitrogen-containing species, small hydrocarbons), and a resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (mono and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). The particulate phase was analyzed by a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (organic aerosol, chloride, nitrate), and a multiangle absorption photometer (black carbon). The mopeds were found to have the higher emission factors of primary organic aerosol and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. While efficient to reduce the regulated emissions, the after-treatment used to comply with the moped Euro 2 emission standard might be responsible of large emission of unregulated organic aerosols. Most of the emission linked to the gasoline light duty vehicles were released before the light-off of the catalyst. Whereas alternative fuels studied helped to reduce ozone precursor emissions, the emissions associated to the cold start of the vehicle reduced this beneficial effect. Finally, the heavy duty diesel vehicle featured the highest NOx and black carbon emissions. Despite efficient retrofit and after-treatment systems (for particles and NOx), these vehicles could release significant amount of NH3. These results provided valuable insights for the drafting of legislation related to the achievement of sustainable transport in Europe
Alkhatib, Radwan. "Development of an alternative fuel from waste of used tires by pyrolysis." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMNA0197/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is to get alternative fuel comparable with the available diesel in the market following the EN590. The fuel getting was via optimization of pyrolysis conditions which are temperature, heating rate (power of electrical resistance) and inert gas flow rate. The optimum values are 465°C, 650 Watts and without inert gas flow rate. Inert gas role is limited to purge the system for 30 minutes before start the pyrolysis to get rid of oxidative gases. The obtained product is comparable with the diesel as it has GCV 45 KJ/kg, low density of 0,85 and 7% tar content
Nabti, Brahim. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement d'un moteur diesel à préchambre alimentée à l'huile de colza." Valenciennes, 1987. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/95663265-c958-4285-8c93-1f4e25558999.
Full textGabano, Jean-Denis. "Etude dans une chambre fermée du régime de combustion vibratoire s'apparentant au cliquetis des moteurs alternatifs à allumage commandé." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2293.
Full textLezzar, Balahouane. "Contribution à l'étude de la combustion et des limites de fonctionnement dans un monocylindre à taux de compression variable alimenté au méthane, au gaz de groningue et avec un mélange méthane-éthane." Valenciennes, 1987. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0d1a9c0a-0df4-4fab-8206-316c90031798.
Full textGUSMAO, DA SILVA JORGE. "Transformation catalytique des huiles vegetales en gazole : mecanisme et optimisation des reactions d'hydrocraquage." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066405.
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