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Journal articles on the topic 'Carbure de molybdène'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 22 June 2024

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1

Decroix, G. M., D. Gosset, B. Kryger, and M. Boussuge. "Le cermet carbure de bore-molybdène : une solution pour l’amélioration des propriétés thermomécaniques du carbure de bore." Revue de Métallurgie 91, no. 9 (September 1994): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/199491091367.

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2

Jia, Xiao Ming, Jian Xiao Lian, Qiao Yang, and Xiu Ling Zhang. "Experimental Study on Tungsten Leaching from Cemented Carbide." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 494–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.494.

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Some rust-inhibiting additives which are wildly used in water-based metalworking fluids were mixed in several lubricants which made by oleic acid, boric acid, triethanolamine and so on to prepare the experiment used solutions in a certain concentration. The phenomenon of the metal tungsten leaching from cemented carbide in these additives was examined by immersion test and electrochemical measurement experiment. According to the value of electromotive force and the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, the condition of the metal tungsten leaching from cemented carbide in solutions with different additives was judged. The results show that the order in ascending of the effects of these solutions on the metal tungsten leaching from cemented carbide is sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, triethanolamine, oleate triethanolamine ester, boric acid-oleic acid triethanolamine ester, sodium molybdate, benzotriazole and sodium nitrite.

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3

Ghazi, M., J. C. Ménézo, and J. Barrault. "Hydrogénation du Monoxyde de Carbone: I - Étude de catalyseurs Nickel-Molybdène supportés par l'alumine." Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges 100, no. 6 (September 1, 2010): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bscb.19911000602.

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4

Yin, Chengyang, Jing He, and Shuang Liu. "A facile one-step synthesis of molybdenum carbide-carbon composites for the hydrogenation of naphthalene." Journal of Chemical Research 44, no. 9-10 (April 8, 2020): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747519820914471.

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A molybdenum carbide-carbon composite (β-Mo2C/C) is prepared by carbonization of an anionic resin with molybdate. The β-Mo2C/C is characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Characterization indicates that the sample shows a hierarchically microporous, mesoporous, and macroporous structure, and has a large surface area. The nanosized β-Mo2C crystals are highly dispersed in the carbon-based sample. The β-Mo2C/C composite shows high catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of naphthalene to tetralin.

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5

Barrault, Joël, and Julien Urresta. "Hydrogénation du dioxyde de carbone en méthanol en présence de catalyseurs à base de molybdène." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIC - Chemistry 2, no. 3 (March 1999): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1387-1609(99)80060-7.

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6

Myachina, Maria, Natalia Gavrilova, Ksenia Poluboyarinova, and Victor Nazarov. "Properties of Molybdenum–Tungsten Blue Nanoparticles as a Precursor for Ultrafine Binary Carbides." Materials Proceedings 4, no. 1 (November 11, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iocn2020-07894.

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A promising method for the synthesis of ultrafine carbide particles is the sol–gel method using dispersions of molybdenum–tungsten nanoparticles. For further use, the main properties of molybdenum-blue nanoparticles, including the size, structure, and stability, under different conditions must be determined. The synthesis of dispersions of molybdenum–tungsten blue was carried out as a result of the reduction of molybdate and tungstate ions in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Ascorbic acid was chosen as a reducing agent and further acted as a carbon source. Dispersions and nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), UV/vis and infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS).

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7

Ahmed, Ahmed N., Aysar T. Jarulah, Ban A. Ahmed Altabakh, Abdullah M. Ahmed, and Hamin J. Mohammed. "Preparation and Characterization of Metal Carbide Zeolite Composite Catalyst." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 13, no. 4 (December 12, 2023): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v13i4.737.

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The object of present work is to synthesize metal carbide zeolite composite catalysts and discusses their characteristics. Metal carbide with zeolite composite was prepared in the present research. Molybdenum carbide was used as a metal carbide which was prepared by solid-state method with Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate and commercial activated carbon as raw materials. Ion exchanged method was used to add platinum to the HY zeolite. Modified Y zeolite was prepared by using ion exchanged method by mixing the HY zeolite with Cerium nitrate. After prepared Mo2C, PtHY zeolite, and CeY a formation process take place in order to form two catalysts the first one is Mo2C/PtHY-Zeolite, while the second one is Mo2C/CePtY zeolite. Tests such as X-Ray Diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) were performed on both catalysts and the results were as follows for the molybdenum carbide the surface area was 1072 m2/g, with a pore volume of 0.541 m3, the TGA indicated that 19.58 wt% of the substance was lost, finally, the average particle size is 18.65 nm. For the Mo2C/PtHY-Zeolite catalyst, the BET surface area was 724.55 m2/g, then the Thermal Gravimetric Analysis resulted in 10% of the catalyst being lost, and lastly, the average crystal size was 33.45nm. Moreover, for Mo2C/CePtY catalyst, the BET surface area was 734.55 m2/g, then the Thermal Gravimetric Analysis resulted in 19% of the catalyst being lost, and the average crystal size was 40.43nm.

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8

Kushkhov, Kh B., R. Kh Karatsukova, M. N. Ligidova, A. A. Khotov, Zh Z. Ali, Z. A. Zhanikaeva, and M. Kh Marzhokhova. "Electrodeposition of Submicro- and Microdispersed Molybdenum Carbide Powders from Carbonate–Molybdate Melts." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2022, no. 2 (February 2022): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029522020094.

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9

Kushkhov, Kh B., R. Kh Karatsukova, M. N. Ligidova, A. A. Khotov, Zh Z. Ali, Z. A. Zhanikaeva, and M. Kh Marzhokhova. "Electrodeposition of Submicro- and Microdispersed Molybdenum Carbide Powders from Carbonate–Molybdate Melts." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2022, no. 2 (February 2022): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029522020094.

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10

Ghazi, M., and J. Barrault. "Hydrogénation du Monoxyde de Carbone II - Influence du support et du cesium sur les propriétés du Nickel-Molybdène." Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges 100, no. 7 (September 1, 2010): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bscb.19911000704.

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11

Myachina, Maria, Natalia Gavrilova, Ksenia Poluboyarinova, and Victor Nazarov. "Molybdenum–Tungsten Blue Nanoparticles as a Precursor for Ultrafine Binary Carbides." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030761.

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Herein, we demonstrate a promising method for the synthesis of ultrafine carbide particles using dispersions of molybdenum–tungsten nanoparticles. Dispersions of molybdenum–tungsten blue nanoparticles with different initial molar ratios of molybdenum/tungsten were synthesized through the reduction of molybdate and tungstate ions by ascorbic acid in an acidic medium (pH = 1.0–2.5). Molybdenum–tungsten blue nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet–visual (UV–VIS), infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies; transmission electronic microscopy (TEM); and dynamic light scattering (DLS). We demonstrated that molybdenum–tungsten blue nanoparticles belong to toroidal polyoxometalate clusters (λmax = 680–750 nm) with a predominant particle size of 4.0 nm. Molybdenum–tungsten blue dispersions were shown to be monodispersed systems with a small particle size and long-term stability (>30 days) and are suitable for further catalytic applications.

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12

Malyshev, V., A. Gab, and M. Gaune-Escard. "Initial stages of nucleation of molybdenum and tungsten carbide phases in tungstate–molybdate–carbonate melts." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 38, no. 3 (November 23, 2007): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10800-007-9440-z.

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13

Buchmeiser, Michael R., Suman Sen, Jörg Unold, and Wolfgang Frey. "Komplexe N-heterocyclischer Carbene mit Molybdän-Alkylidenen der höchsten Oxidationsstufe: funktionalitätstolerante kationische Katalysatoren für die Olefinmetathese." Angewandte Chemie 126, no. 35 (August 14, 2014): 9538–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201404655.

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14

Ullrich, N., C. Stegmair, H. Keller, E. Herdtweck, and F. R. Kreißl. "Darstellung und Struktur kationischer η2-Thiocarbenkomplexe von Molybdän und Wolfram / Synthesis and Structure of Cationic η2-Thiocarbene Complexes of Molybdenum and Tungsten." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 45, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1990-0625.

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The reaction of dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium tetrafluoroborate [(CH3)2S–SCH3][BF4] with η/5-cyclopentadienyl(dicarbonyl)carbyne complexes of molybdenum and tungsten Cp(CO)2M ≡ C–R (M = Mo, W; R = CH3, C6H5, C6H4CH3) 1c, 2a–d results in an electrophilic attack of the SCH3 moiety at the metal carbon triple bond, providing orange to red, diamagnetic, cationic η2-thiocarbene complexes 3c, 4a–d in high yields. The new compounds were identified by X-ray structure analysis, NMR, IR and mass spectra.

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15

Shelimov, B. N., I. V. Elev, and V. B. Kazansky. "Spectroscopic study of formation of active metal-carbene species in photoreduced silica-molybdena catalysts for olefin metathesis." Journal of Molecular Catalysis 46, no. 1-3 (July 1988): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-5102(88)85093-4.

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16

Sylla, Ndeye F., Samba Sarr, Ndeye M. Ndiaye, Bridget K. Mutuma, Astou Seck, Balla D. Ngom, Mohamed Chaker, and Ncholu Manyala. "Enhanced Electrochemical Behavior of Peanut-Shell Activated Carbon/Molybdenum Oxide/Molybdenum Carbide Ternary Composites." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11041056.

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Biomass-waste activated carbon/molybdenum oxide/molybdenum carbide ternary composites are prepared using a facile in-situ pyrolysis process in argon ambient with varying mass ratios of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate to porous peanut shell activated carbon (PAC). The formation of MoO2 and Mo2C nanostructures embedded in the porous carbon framework is confirmed by extensive structural characterization and elemental mapping analysis. The best composite when used as electrodes in a symmetric supercapacitor (PAC/MoO2/Mo2C-1//PAC/MoO2/Mo2C-1) exhibited a good cell capacitance of 115 F g−1 with an associated high specific energy of 51.8 W h kg−1, as well as a specific power of 0.9 kW kg−1 at a cell voltage of 1.8 V at 1 A g−1. Increasing the specific current to 20 A g−1 still showcased a device capable of delivering up to 30 W h kg−1 specific energy and 18 kW kg−1 of specific power. Additionally, with a great cycling stability, a 99.8% coulombic efficiency and capacitance retention of ~83% were recorded for over 25,000 galvanostatic charge-discharge cycles at 10 A g−1. The voltage holding test after a 160 h floating time resulted in increase of the specific capacitance from 74.7 to 90 F g−1 at 10 A g−1 for this storage device. The remarkable electrochemical performance is based on the synergistic effect of metal oxide/metal carbide (MoO2/Mo2C) with the interconnected porous carbon. The PAC/MoO2/Mo2C ternary composites highlight promising Mo-based electrode materials suitable for high-performance energy storage. Explicitly, this work also demonstrates a simple and sustainable approach to enhance the electrochemical performance of porous carbon materials.

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17

Vikulov, K. A., B. N. Shelhnov, and V. B. Kazansky. "Formation of MoCH2 carbene complex on the surface of photoreduced silica—molybdena catalyst treated with 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene." Journal of Molecular Catalysis 72, no. 1 (February 1992): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-5102(92)80035-f.

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18

Liu, He, Zhipeng Qiu, Huihui Pan, Aijun Guo, Shouhui Jiao, Feng Wang, Kun Chen, and Zongxian Wang. "Molybdenum Carbide and Sulfide Nanoparticles as Selective Hydrotreating Catalysts for FCC Slurry Oil to Remove Olefins and Sulfur." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 2721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102721.

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As the two types of major impurities in FCC slurry oil (SLO), olefins and sulfur seriously deteriorate the preparation and quality of mesophase pitch or needle coke. The development of a hydrotreatment for SLO to remove olefins and sulfur selectively becomes imperative. This work presents the potentiality of dispersed Mo2C and MoS2 nanoparticles as selective hydrotreating catalysts of SLO. Mo2C was synthesized by the carbonization of citric acid, ammonium molybdate and KCl mixtures while MoS2 was prepared from the decomposition of precursors. These catalysts were characterized by XRD, HRTEM, XPS, BJH, BET, and applied to the hydrotreating of an SLO surrogate with defined components and real SLO. The conversion of olefins, dibenzothiophene and anthracene in the surrogate was detected by GC-MS. Elemental analysis, bromine number, diene value, 1H-NMR and spot test were used to characterize the changes of the real SLO. The results show that hydrotreating the SLO surrogate with a very small amount of Mo-based nanoparticles could selectively remove olefins and sulfur without the overhydrogenation of polyaromatics. Mo2C exhibited much better activity than MoS2, with 95% of olefins and dibenzothiophene in the surrogate removed while only 15% anthracene was hydrogenated. The stability of the real SLO was significantly improved. Its structural parameters changed subtly, proving the aromatic macromolecules had been preserved.

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19

Ogric, C., W. Schütt, T. Lehotkay, E. Herdtweck, and F. R. Kreißl. "Umwandlung von η2-Thiocarbenkomplexen des Molybdäns und Wolframs in Metalla-thia-cyclopropan-Systeme / Conversion of η2-Thiocarbene Complexes of Molybdenum and Tungsten to Metalla-thio-cyclopropane Systems." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 50, no. 12 (December 1, 1995): 1839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1995-1210.

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Cationic η2-thiocarbene complexes of molybdenum and tungsten [Cp(CO)2Me][ BF4] (M = Mo, W; R = Ph, Tol; L = CO, PMe3) react with the germylene Ge{N(tBu)CH2CH2N(tBu)}, the plumbylene Pb{N(SiMe3)2}2, or with sodium azide and sodium thiosulfate to give neutral metalla-thia-cyclopropane complexes Cp(CO)2-. Instead of the expected cycloaddition or substitution reactions the formal addition of thiomethanolat at the carbene carbon atom is observed. On treating the corresponding trimethylphosphine substituted η2-thiocarbene complex of molybdenum [Cp(CO)(PMe3)[BF4] with diethylamine or N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylguanidine a cationic molybda-thia-cyclopropane system is formed. The products have been characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, IR and mass spectra. The crystal structure of 5a has been determined; space group with a = 1340,4(2), b - 1097,7(1), c = 1101,8(5) pm and Z = 4.

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20

Lai, Kui, Kaibo Yuan, Qinli Ye, Anqi Chen, Dong Chen, Da Chen, and Chenjie Gu. "Constructing the Mo2C@MoOx Heterostructure for Improved SERS Application." Biosensors 12, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12020050.

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Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a non-destructive spectra analysis technique. It has the virtues of high detectivity and sensitivity, and has been extensively studied for low-trace molecule detection. Presently, a non-noble-metal-based SERS substrate with excellent enhancement capabilities and environmental stability is available for performing advanced biomolecule detection. Herein, a type of molybdenum carbide/molybdenum oxide (Mo2C@MoOx) heterostructure is constructed, and attractive SERS performance is achieved through the promotion of the charge transfer. Experimentally, Mo2C was first prepared by calcinating the ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate and gelatin mixture in an argon atmosphere. Then, the obtained Mo2C was further annealed in the air to obtain the Mo2C@MoOx heterostructure. The SERS performance was evaluated by using a 532 nm laser as an excitation source and a rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecule as the Raman reporter. This process demonstrates that attractive SERS performance with a Raman enhancement factor (EF) of 1.445 × 108 (R6G@10−8 M) and a limit of detection of 10−8 M can be achieved. Furthermore, the mechanism of SERS performance improvement with the Mo2C@MoOx is also investigated. HRTEM detection and XPS spectra reveal that part of the Mo2C is oxidized into MoOx during the air-annealing process, and generates metal–semiconductor mixing energy bands in the heterojunction. Under the Raman laser irradiation, considerable hole–electron pairs are generated in the heterojunction, and then the hot electrons move towards MoOx and subsequently transfer to the molecules, which ultimately boosts the Raman signal intensity.

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21

Vikulov, K. A., B. N. Shelimov, and V. B. Kazansky. "Determination of the MoC bond energy in MoCH2 carbene complex on the surface of photoreduced silica—molybdena catalysts based on calorimetric measurements." Journal of Molecular Catalysis 72, no. 1 (February 1992): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-5102(92)80024-b.

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22

Vikulov, K. A., B. N. Shelimov, and V. B. Kazansky. "IR and UV-Vis spectroscopie studies of the surface MoCH2 and MoCH-CH3 carbene complexes produced by methylcyclopropane chemisorption over photoreduced silica-molybdena catalysts." Journal of Molecular Catalysis 65, no. 3 (April 1991): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-5102(91)85074-c.

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23

Vikulov, K. A., I. V. Elev, B. N. Shelimov, and V. B. Kazansky. "First IR spectroscopic observation of the stable Mo=CH2 carbene complex on the surface of an active catalyst for olefin metathesis: Photoreduced silica-molybdena with chemisorbed cyclopropane." Catalysis Letters 2, no. 2 (1989): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00774594.

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24

Vikulov, K. A., I. V. Elev, B. N. Shelimov, and V. B. Kazansky. "Ir and UV-vis spectroscopic studies of the stable MoCH2 carbene complexes over photoreduced silica-molybdena catalysts with chemisorbed cyclopropane, and their role in olefin metathesis reactions." Journal of Molecular Catalysis 55, no. 1 (November 1989): 126–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-5102(89)80248-2.

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25

Lafont, Marie-Christine, Nadine Pébère, and Francis Moran. "Efficacité comparée - d’un inhibiteur organique composé d’amine grasse et de polyacrylate sulfoné - d’une solution de molybdate de sodium sur la corrosion de l’acier au carbone dans une solution non désoxygénée de NaCl dilué." Matériaux & Techniques 87, no. 7-8 (1999): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/199987070037.

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26

Wei, Zhao, Jingman Pang, Yuan Ji, Xing Yang, Yundan Liu, Long Ren, and Yun Zhang. "Ultrafine multi-metallic carbide nanocrystals encased in a carbon matrix as durable electrocatalysts towards effective alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction." Materials Advances, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00571a.

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27

Zhou, Zhaoyu, Qiang Wang, Heliang Yao, Min Wang, Ping Wu, Heng Wang, Lingxia Zhang, and Limin Guo. "Rapid Synthesis of C60-MoC Nanocomposites by Molten Salt Electrochemical Reaction for Hydrogen Evolution." Journal of The Electrochemical Society, February 2, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/acb853.

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Abstract Molybdenum carbide is a promising alternative for Pt/C in H2 evolution reaction (HER). However, its synthesis is time-consuming and energy-intensive. Here, we propose a rapid one-pot strategy to fabricate C60-MoC nanocomposites in Li2CO3-K2CO3 molten salt using CO2 and ammonium molybdate as carbon and Mo sources, respectively. The as-obtained C60-MoC-600 sample at 600℃ shows high HER activity in both acid and alkaline electrolytes, especially in 1 M KOH, the η10 (overpotential at 10 mA/cm2) of C60-MoC-600 is 142 mV. Under an industrial current density of 220 mA/cm2, its activity with an overpotential of 250 mV is close to that of commercial Pt/C and exhibits excellent constant current stability during 10 h. This strategy not only implements the simple synthesis of MoC-based catalysts but also paves a highly efficient way for the rapid abatement and high-value-added utilization of CO2.

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28

Guler, Melih, Cansu Korkusuz, and Dilek Varisli. "Catalytic Decomposition of Ammonia for Hydrogen Production over Carbon Nanofiber Supported Fe and Mo Catalysts in a Microwave Heated Reactor." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 17, no. 6 (March 16, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2018-0162.

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Abstract Microwave heated reactor which was loaded with carbon fiber supported iron and molybdenum incorporated monometallic catalysts was used to produce COx free hydrogen from ammonia. Impregnation procedure was applied to synthesize the catalysts at different metal loading (4–14 wt % according to ICP-OES) using iron nitrate or ammonium molybdate and reaction tests were carried out under the flow of pure ammonia (GHSV: 36,000 ml/hgcat). Activities of molybdenum incorporated carbon fiber catalyts are found to be lower than that of the iron loaded ones in the conventional reaction system. The effect of metal loading was clealy seen in the activity of molybdenum incorporated catalyst, unlike iron incorporated catalyts, especially under high reaction temperature conditions. Catalysts showed greatly enhanced activities in microwave heated system in comparison to conventionally heated reactor system. Complete conversion of ammonia was achieved at 500 °C by using molybdenum incorporated catalysts and at 450 °C by using iron incorporated catalysts (with GHSV of 36,000 ml/hgcat) in microwave heated reactor system. Transfer of energy directly to the active species and formation of carbide species, Fe2C or Mo2C, during the reaction under microwave application could be considered as the major factors leading to a better ammonia conversion. Structural properties of carbon support materials, such as the surface area, could be effective on the activity of the catalysts via the distribution of active species, however, this would be more pronounced effect in conventional system.

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29

Bini, Markose, Bhargavan Rajesh, and Thekkekara Devassy Babu. "Chronic exposure of industrial grade calcium carbide and ethylene glycol alter histological architecture of systemic organs by disrupting redox balance in rat." Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, March 29, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0087.

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Abstract Objectives The threat to human health or the surroundings by the use of artificial fruit ripening agents has become a global concern. Calcium carbide (CaC2) and ethylene glycol (EG) are the two widely using ripening agents. The present study evaluates the toxic effect of chronic exposures of CaC2 and EG in rats. Methods CaC2 and EG were administered to the rats for 180 days orally. The alterations in oxido-reduction status, haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were analysed. Arsenic content in CaC2 and animal samples were detected by atomic absorption spectrometer and phosphorus by molybdate-UV method. Results At chronic doses, there were no significant alterations in haematological and biochemical parameters except in creatinine level especially by EG. However, histological details revealed microvesicular fatty change in liver, corpuscles degeneration in kidney and lymphocytes infiltration in various tissues. In intestine, the mucosal lesion scoring was found high (p<0.01). SOD and CAT activities and GSH level was reduced significantly by CaC2 administration (p<0.01). Arsenic and phosphorus detected is above the toxic level: 7.222 and 13.91 mg/dL in CaC2, 1.634 and 6.22 mg/dL in blood and 0.563 and 6.99 mg/dL in liver, respectively. Conclusions The study suggests that the industrial grade CaC2 and EG induce systemic toxicity to rats and the liver is the most susceptible organ. The CaC2 and EG toxicity is mediated through the upset of redox balance and subsequent inflammatory responses. This could be due to the presence of arsenic and phosphorus contents that detected above the normal level in the industrial grade CaC2.

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