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Journal articles on the topic 'Cardiac baroreflex sensitivity'

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Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Kollai, M., G. Jokkel, I. Bonyhay, J. Tomcsanyi, and A. Naszlady. "Relation between baroreflex sensitivity and cardiac vagal tone in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 266, no. 1 (1994): H21—H27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.266.1.h21.

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The extent of dependence of cardiac vagal tone on arterial baroreceptor input has been studied in 12 healthy, young adult subjects. Cardiac vagal tone was defined as the chang in R-R interval after complete cholinergic blockade by atropine. Baroreflex sensitivity was determined with the "Oxford-method": R-R interval was regressed against systolic pressure. The interindividual correlation between cardiac vagal tone and baroreflex sensitivity for falling pressures was found to be significant, but not close (R = 0.81, P = 0.002). In each subject, the baroreflex regression line for falling pressur

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2

Bealer, Steven L. "Peripheral hyperosmolality reduces cardiac baroreflex sensitivity." Autonomic Neuroscience 104, no. 1 (2003): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1566-0702(02)00265-5.

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3

Akimoto, Toshinari, Jun Sugawara, Daisuke Ichikawa, Nobuyuki Terada, Paul J. Fadel, and Shigehiko Ogoh. "Enhanced open-loop but not closed-loop cardiac baroreflex sensitivity during orthostatic stress in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 301, no. 5 (2011): R1591—R1598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00347.2011.

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The neural interaction between the cardiopulmonary and arterial baroreflex may be critical for the regulation of blood pressure during orthostatic stress. However, studies have reported conflicting results: some indicate increases and others decreases in cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (i.e., gain) with cardiopulmonary unloading. Thus the effect of orthostatic stress-induced central hypovolemia on regulation of heart rate via the arterial baroreflex remains unclear. We sought to comprehensively assess baroreflex function during orthostatic stress by identifying and comparing open- and closed-lo

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PICCIRILLO, Gianfranco, Mauro CACCIAFESTA, Emanuela VIOLA, et al. "Influence of aging on cardiac baroreflex sensitivity determined non-invasively by power spectral analysis." Clinical Science 100, no. 3 (2001): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs1000267.

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Aging reduces cardiac baroreflex sensitivity. Our primary aim in the present study was to assess the effects of aging on cardiac baroreflex sensitivity, as determined by power spectral analysis (α index), in a large population of healthy subjects. We also compared the α indexes determined by power spectral analysis with cardiac baroreflex sensitivity measured by the phenylephrine method (BSphen). We studied 142 subjects (79 males/63 females; age range 9–94 years), who were subdivided into five groups according to percentiles of age (25, 50, 75 and 95). Power spectral analysis yields three α in

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5

Taylor, C. E., T. Witter, K. El Sayed, S. L. Hissen, A. Johnson, and V. G. Macefield. "Spontaneous sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity is correlated with cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in healthy, young individuals." Autonomic Neuroscience 192 (November 2015): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2015.07.109.

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6

Dutoit, Andrea P., Emma C. Hart, Nisha Charkoudian, B. Gunnar Wallin, Timothy B. Curry, and Michael J. Joyner. "Cardiac Baroreflex Sensitivity Is Not Correlated to Sympathetic Baroreflex Sensitivity Within Healthy, Young Humans." Hypertension 56, no. 6 (2010): 1118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.158329.

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7

Taylor, Chloe E., Trevor Witter, Khadigeh El Sayed, Sarah L. Hissen, Aaron W. Johnson, and Vaughan G. Macefield. "Relationship between spontaneous sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity in healthy young individuals." Physiological Reports 3, no. 11 (2015): e12536. http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12536.

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8

Padley, James R., David H. Overstreet, Paul M. Pilowsky, and Ann K. Goodchild. "Impaired cardiac and sympathetic autonomic control in rats differing in acetylcholine receptor sensitivity." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 289, no. 5 (2005): H1985—H1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00430.2005.

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Acetylcholine receptors (AChR) are important in premotor and efferent control of autonomic function; however, the extent to which cardiovascular function is affected by genetic variations in AChR sensitivity is unknown. We assessed heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in rats bred for resistance (FRL) or sensitivity (FSL) to cholinergic agents compared with Sprague-Dawley rats (SD), confirmed by using hypothermic responses evoked by the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine (0.2 mg/kg ip) ( n ≥ 9 rats/group). Arterial pressure, ECG, and splanchnic sympathetic (SNA) and phren

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9

Sarzi Braga, Simona, Maria Teresa La Rovere, and Roberto Franco Enrico Pedretti. "Baroreflex sensitivity normalization after cardiac resynchronization therapy." International Journal of Cardiology 109, no. 1 (2006): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.03.072.

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10

Engelke, K. A., D. F. Doerr, and V. A. Convertino. "A single bout of exhaustive exercise affects integrated baroreflex function after 16 days of head-down tilt." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 269, no. 3 (1995): R614—R620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.269.3.r614.

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We tested the hypothesis that one bout of maximal exercise performed 24 h before reambulation from 16 days of 6 degrees head-down tilt (HDT) could increase integrated baroreflex sensitivity. Isolated carotid-cardiac and integrated baroreflex function was assessed in seven subjects before and after two periods of HDT separated by 11 mo. On the last day of one HDT period, subjects performed a single bout of maximal cycle ergometry (exercise). Subjects did not exercise after the other HDT period (control). Carotid-cardiac baroreflex sensitivity was evaluated using a neck collar device. Integrated

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11

La Rovere, Maria Teresa, Roberto Maestri, and Gian Domenico Pinna. "Baroreflex Sensitivity Assessment – Latest Advances and Strategies." European Cardiology Review 7, no. 2 (2011): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2011.7.2.89.

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The baroreflex mechanism has been recognised as a key part of cardiovascular regulation. Alterations in the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex (baroreflex sensitivity [BRS]) contribute to sympathetic–parasympathetic imbalance, playing a major role in the development and progression of many cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, the measurement of the baroreflex is a source of valuable information in the clinical management of cardiac disease patients. This article reviews the most relevant advances for the measurement of BRS and their clinical and prognostic implications. Novel therapeutic strategie

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La Rovere, Maria Teresa, Roberto Maestri, and Gian Domenico Pinna. "Baroreflex Sensitivity Assessment—Latest Advances and Strategies." Spring 9, no. 1 (2012): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/usc.2012.9.1.22.

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The baroreflex mechanism has been recognised as a key part of cardiovascular regulation. Alterations in the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex (baroreflex sensitivity [BRS]) contribute to sympathetic–parasympathetic imbalance, playing a major role in the development and progression of many cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, the measurement of the baroreflex is a source of valuable information in the clinical management of cardiac disease patients. This article reviews the most relevant advances for the measurement of BRS and their clinical and prognostic implications. Novel therapeutic strategie

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13

Bär, Karl-Jürgen, Michael Karl Boettger, Sandy Berger, et al. "Decreased baroreflex sensitivity in acute schizophrenia." Journal of Applied Physiology 102, no. 3 (2007): 1051–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00811.2006.

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Decreased vagal activity has been described in acute schizophrenia and might be associated with altered cardiovascular regulation and increased cardiac mortality. The aim of this study was to assess baroreflex sensitivity in the context of psychopathology. Twenty-one acute, psychotic, unmedicated patients with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia were investigated after admission to the hospital. Results were compared with 21 healthy volunteers matched with respect to age and sex. Cardiovascular parameters obtained included measures for heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity, as well

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14

Yasumasu, Tomiya, Gustavo A. Reyes del Paso, Kazuo Takahara, and Yasuhide Nakashima. "Reduced baroreflex cardiac sensitivity predicts increased cognitive performance." Psychophysiology 43, no. 1 (2006): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00377.x.

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15

Yanagida, Ryo, Yojiro Ogawa, Kaname Ueda, Ken Aoki, and Ken-ichi Iwasaki. "Sustained mild hypergravity reduces spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity." Autonomic Neuroscience 185 (October 2014): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autneu.2014.07.010.

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16

Saleh, Tarek M., та Barry J. Connell. "Role of 17β-estradiol in the modulation of baroreflex sensitivity in male rats". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 275, № 3 (1998): R770—R778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.3.r770.

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Female mammals have an enhanced baroreflex sensitivity compared with their male counterparts, leading researchers to speculate that estrogen modulates autonomic tone. Therefore, this study tests the hypothesis that exogenous estrogen can enhance the baroreflex sensitivity of male rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with thiobutabarbitol sodium (50 mg/kg) were instrumented to measure blood pressure and heart rate and for the intravenous injection of drugs. The baroreflex was tested using intravenous injections of phenylephrine (0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/kg), and the cardiovascular respons

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17

Gao, Lie, Zhen Zhu, Irving H. Zucker, and Wei Wang. "Cardiac sympathetic afferent stimulation impairs baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 286, no. 5 (2004): H1706—H1711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01097.2003.

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It is well known that cardiac sympathetic afferent reflexes contribute to increases in sympathetic outflow and that sympathetic activity can antagonize arterial baroreflex function. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that in normal rats, chemical and electrical stimulation of cardiac sympathetic afferents results in a decrease in the arterial baroreflex function by increasing sympathetic nerve activity. Under α-chloralose (40 mg/kg) and urethane (800 mg/kg ip) anesthesia, renal sympathetic nerve activity, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate were recorded. The arterial baroreceptor refl

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18

Peotta, Veronica A., Agata L. Gava, Elisardo C. Vasquez, and Silvana S. Meyrelles. "Evaluation of baroreflex control of heart rate in renovascular hypertensive mice." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 85, no. 8 (2007): 761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y07-067.

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the baroreflex and the autonomic control of heart rate (HR) in renovascular hypertensive mice. Experiments were carried out in conscious C57BL/6 (n = 16) mice 28 days after a 2-kidney 1-clip procedure (2K1C mice) or a sham operation (sham mice). Baroreflex sensitivity was evaluated by measuring changes in heart rate (HR) in response to increases or decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) induced by phenylephrine or sodium nitroprusside. Cardiac autonomic tone was determined by use of atropine and atenolol. Basal HR and MAP were significantly

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19

Monahan, Kevin D. "Effect of aging on baroreflex function in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 293, no. 1 (2007): R3—R12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00031.2007.

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Arterial blood pressure (BP) is regulated via the interaction of various local, humoral, and neural factors. In humans, the major neural pathway for acute BP regulation involves the baroreflexes. In response to baroreceptor activation/deactivation, as occurs during transient changes in BP, key determinants of BP, such as cardiac period/heart rate (via the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system) and vascular resistance (via the sympathetic nervous system), are modified to maintain BP homeostasis. In this review, the effects of aging on both the parasympathetic and sympathetic arms of th

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20

Shite, Junya, Erdon Dong, Hiroya Kawai, Suzanne Y. Stevens та Chang-Seng Liang. "Selegiline improves cardiac sympathetic terminal function and β-adrenergic responsiveness in heart failure". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 279, № 3 (2000): H1283—H1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2000.279.3.h1283.

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Selegiline is a centrally acting sympatholytic agent with neuroprotective properties. It also has been shown to promote sympathetic reinnervation after sympathectomy. These actions of selegiline may be beneficial in heart failure that is characterized by increased sympathetic nervous activity and functional sympathetic denervation. Twenty-seven rabbits with rapid cardiac pacing (360 beats/min, 8 wk) and twenty-three rabbits without pacing were randomly assigned to receive selegiline (1 mg/day, 8 wk) or placebo. Rapid pacing increased plasma norepinephrine (NE) and decreased left ventricular fr

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21

Gratadour, P., J. P. Viale, J. Parlow, et al. "Sympathovagal Effects of Spinal Anesthesia Assessed by the Spontaneous Cardiac Baroreflex." Anesthesiology 87, no. 6 (1997): 1359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199712000-00015.

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Background The changes in sympathovagal balance induced by spinal anesthesia remain controversial. The spontaneous baroreflex method allows the continuous assessment of the spontaneous engagement of the cardiac baroreflex, giving an index of sympathovagal balance. The purpose of this study was to follow the effects of spinal anesthesia on spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity. Methods Continuous electrocardiogram and noninvasive blood pressure were recorded in 24 patients scheduled for elective inguinal hernia repair and randomly assigned to three groups: (1) no volume loading, (2) volume loading

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22

COOKE, William H., David A. LUDWIG, Paul S. HOGG, Dwain L. ECKBERG, and Victor A. CONVERTINO. "Does the menstrual cycle influence the sensitivity of vagally mediated baroreflexes?" Clinical Science 102, no. 6 (2002): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs1020639.

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The menstrual cycle provokes several physiological changes that could influence autonomic regulatory mechanisms. We studied the carotid-cardiac baroreflex in ten healthy young women on four occasions over the course of their menstrual cycles (days 0-8, 9-14, 15-20 and 21-25). We drew blood during each session for analysis of oestrogen, progesterone and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) levels, and assessed carotid-cardiac baroreflex function by analysing R-R interval responses to graded neck pressure sequences. Oestrogen levels followed a classical two-peak (cubic) response, with elevated levels

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23

Saleh, Tarek M., and Barry J. Connell. "Role of the insular cortex in the modulation of baroreflex sensitivity." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 274, no. 5 (1998): R1417—R1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.5.r1417.

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Cervical vagal stimulation for 2 h results in a depressed baroreflex sensitivity produced by an enhanced sympathetic output, as indicated by increased plasma norepinephrine levels. The current study examined the role of the insular cortex in modulating the vagal stimulation-induced changes in baroreflex sensitivity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with thiobutabarbitol sodium and instrumented for recording blood pressure, heart rate, intravenous drug administration, and vagal afferent nerve stimulation. Stereotaxic microinjections (300 nl) of either 5% lidocaine or 0.9% saline were

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24

Matsukawa, Kanji, Kei Ishii, Ryota Asahara, and Mitsuhiro Idesako. "Central command does not suppress baroreflex control of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity at the onset of spontaneous motor activity in the decerebrate cat." Journal of Applied Physiology 121, no. 4 (2016): 932–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00299.2016.

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Our laboratory has reported that central command blunts the sensitivity of the aortic baroreceptor-heart rate (HR) reflex at the onset of voluntary static exercise in animals. We have examined whether baroreflex control of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA) and/or cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity are altered at the onset of spontaneously occurring motor behavior, which was monitored with tibial nerve activity in paralyzed, decerebrate cats. CSNA exhibited a peak increase (126 ± 17%) immediately after exercise onset, followed by increases in HR and mean arterial pressure (MAP). With de

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Buuse, Maarten, David P. Wilks, and Jennifer L. Cornish. "INHIBITION OF CARDIAC BAROREFLEX SENSITIVITY AFTER CENTRAL DOPAMINERGIC STIMULATION." Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 25, no. 7-8 (1998): 624–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02264.x.

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26

Ikegami, Haruhiko, Naoki Matsuda, Tsuyosi Shiga, et al. "Vagal reinnervation after cardiac transplantation-evaluation by baroreflex sensitivity." Journal of Cardiac Failure 5, no. 3 (1999): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1071-9164(99)91326-x.

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27

Wesseling, Karel H., John M. Karemaker, Paolo Castiglioni, et al. "Validity and variability of xBRS: instantaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity." Physiological Reports 5, no. 22 (2017): e13509. http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13509.

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28

Lhuillier, F., E. D. Dalmas, P. M. Gratadour, et al. "Spontaneous baroreflex cardiac sensitivity in end-stage liver disease." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 23, no. 5 (2006): 426–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265021506000184.

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29

Swenne, Cees A., Marianne Bootsma, Barry W. Hyndman, Janine Voogd, and Albert V. G. Bruschke. "Heart Rate Variability, Baroreflex Sensitivity, and Cardiac Vagal Tone." Clinical Science 91, s1 (1996): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0910113supp.

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30

Bealer, Steven L. "Preoptic recess noradrenergic receptors control modification of baroreflex sensitivity by hypertonicity." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 276, no. 1 (1999): R44—R51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.276.1.r44.

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These studies examined the effects of α1- and α2-adrenoreceptor blockade in the anteroventral portion of the third cerebral ventricle (AV3V) on modification of baroreflex-induced changes in heart rate and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) induced by hyperosmolality. Local administration of hypertonic artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) in the AV3V significantly increased baroreflex-induced bradycardia during intravenous phenylephrine but did not alter changes in RSNA during the pressor response or alter tachycardia and neural responses evoked by decreased blood pressure. The enhanced c

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31

Iliescu, Radu, Ionut Tudorancea, Eric D. Irwin, and Thomas E. Lohmeier. "Chronic baroreflex activation restores spontaneous baroreflex control and variability of heart rate in obesity-induced hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 305, no. 7 (2013): H1080—H1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00464.2013.

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The sensitivity of baroreflex control of heart rate is depressed in subjects with obesity hypertension, which increases the risk for cardiac arrhythmias. The mechanisms are not fully known, and there are no therapies to improve this dysfunction. To determine the cardiovascular dynamic effects of progressive increases in body weight leading to obesity and hypertension in dogs fed a high-fat diet, 24-h continuous recordings of spontaneous fluctuations in blood pressure and heart rate were analyzed in the time and frequency domains. Furthermore, we investigated whether autonomic mechanisms stimul

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32

Shi, X., J. T. Potts, B. H. Foresman, and P. B. Raven. "Carotid baroreflex responsiveness to lower body positive pressure-induced increases in central venous pressure." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 265, no. 3 (1993): H918—H922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1993.265.3.h918.

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Lower body positive pressure (LBPP) was applied at 4 and 30 Torr to increase central venous pressure (CVP). CVP increased with LBPP (r = 0.55, P < 0.01), and the increases were significant at 4 and 30 Torr (7.4 and 7.8 mmHg) from the control (6.0 mmHg). During LBPP cardiac output increased, which was significantly related to the increase in CVP (r = 0.63, P < 0.01). The carotid baroreflex was elicited by trains of neck pressure and suction from 40 to -65 Torr. The carotid-cardiac and carotid-vasomotor baroreflex responses were assessed by determining the maximal gains of heart rate (HR)

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Saleh, Tarek M., Barry J. Connell, and Gary V. Allen. "Visceral afferent activation-induced changes in sympathetic nerve activity and baroreflex sensitivity." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 276, no. 6 (1999): R1780—R1791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.276.6.r1780.

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The following experiments were done to determine whether changes in baroreflex sensitivity evoked by cervical vagus nerve stimulation are due to sympathoexcitation mediated by the parabrachial nucleus. The relative contribution of cardiopulmonary and general gastric afferents within the cervical vagus nerve to the depression in baroreflex sensitivity are also investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with thiobutabarbital sodium (50 mg/kg) were instrumented to measure blood pressure and heart rate or for the continuous monitoring of renal sympathetic nerve activity. Baroreflex sensit

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34

Arnold, Amy C., and Debra I. Diz. "Endogenous leptin contributes to baroreflex suppression within the solitary tract nucleus of aged rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 307, no. 11 (2014): H1539—H1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00282.2014.

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The decline in cardiovagal baroreflex function that occurs with aging is accompanied by an increase in circulating leptin levels. Our previous studies showed that exogenous leptin impairs the baroreflex sensitivity for control of heart rate in younger rats, but the contribution of this hormone to baroreflex dysfunction during aging is unknown. Thus we assessed the effect of bilateral leptin microinjection (500 fmol/60 nl) within the solitary tract nucleus (NTS) on the baroreflex sensitivity in older (66 ± 2 wk of age) urethane/chloralose anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats with elevated circulati

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Duschek, Stefan, Alexandra Hoffmann, Casandra I. Montoro, and Gustavo A. Reyes del Paso. "Autonomic Cardiovascular Dysregulation at Rest and During Stress in Chronically Low Blood Pressure." Journal of Psychophysiology 33, no. 1 (2019): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000204.

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Abstract. Chronic low blood pressure (hypotension) is accompanied by symptoms such as fatigue, reduced drive, faintness, dizziness, cold limbs, and concentration difficulties. The study explored the involvement of aberrances in autonomic cardiovascular control in the origin of this condition. In 40 hypotensive and 40 normotensive subjects, impedance cardiography, electrocardiography, and continuous blood pressure recordings were performed at rest and during stress induced by mental calculation. Parameters of cardiac sympathetic control (i.e., stroke volume, cardiac output, pre-ejection period,

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James, Martin A., Ronney B. Panerai, and John F. Potter. "Applicability of New Techniques in the Assessment of Arterial Baroreflex Sensitivity in the Elderly: A Comparison with Established Pharmacological Methods." Clinical Science 94, no. 3 (1998): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0940245.

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1. There has been considerable interest in techniques recently developed for the study of arterial baroreceptor—cardiac reflex sensitivity based on analysis of spontaneous baroreflex sequences and on spectral analysis. This study examined how these newer techniques agreed with the established pharmacological methods in elderly subjects. 2. In 20 elderly subjects [10 hypertensive (clinic blood pressure 180 ± 4/88 ± 2 mmHg) and 10 normotensive (clinic blood pressure 136 ± 3/73 ± 2 mmHg)], we assessed baroreflex sensitivity from spontaneous sequences of increasing and decreasing blood pressure an

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37

Liu, Jun-Li, Hiroshi Murakami, Max Sanderford, Vernon S. Bishop, and Irving H. Zucker. "ANG II and baroreflex function in rabbits with CHF and lesions of the area postrema." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 277, no. 1 (1999): H342—H350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1999.277.1.h342.

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Blockade of the angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1) has been shown to restore baroreflex sensitivity in rats and rabbits with experimental chronic heart failure (CHF). Because the modulation of baroreflex function in response to ANG II is mediated in part by AT1 receptors located in the area postrema, we hypothesized that lesions of the area postrema would prevent the enhancement in baroreflex function in response to AT1-receptor blockade in rabbits with pacing-induced CHF. Experiments were carried out on 24 male New Zealand White rabbits that were divided into sham ( n = 12) and les

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38

Sykora, Marek, and Jennifer Diedler. "Modulation of Baroreceptor Reflex Sensitivity May Represent a New Therapeutic Target in Acute Stroke." European Neurological Review 4, no. 2 (2009): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/enr.2009.04.02.46.

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Acute stroke has been associated with several manifestations of autonomic dysfunction including cardiovascular, sudomotor, thermoregulatory, gastrointestinal and urogenital symptoms. In particular, cardiovascular autonomic impairment including blunted baroreflex has been repeatedly shown to be of prognostic importance in acute stroke. Pathophysiological mechanisms of baroreflex changes in acute stroke include lesions of the central autonomic processing with consequent sympathetic system overactivation and impairment of baroreflex functioning. Previous studies have shown that patients with shif

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Muzi, Michael, and Thomas J. Ebert. "A Comparison of Baroreflex Sensitivity during Isoflurane and Desflurane Anesthesia in Humans." Anesthesiology 82, no. 4 (1995): 919–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199504000-00015.

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Background Desflurane anesthesia has been associated with heart rate (HR) and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) responses that differ from those during isoflurane anesthesia. Whether these differences might be due to better preservation by desflurane of the baroreceptor reflex control of HR or SNA in humans was examined. Methods Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed in 18 volunteers anesthetized with either desflurane or isoflurane. Measurements of HR, blood pressure (BP), and efferent SNA (percutaneous recordings from the peroneal nerve) were made, and baroreflex sensitivity was evaluated at con

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40

Abdel-Rahman, Abdel A. "Gender difference in baroreflex-mediated bradycardia in young rats: role of cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic components." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 77, no. 5 (1999): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y99-028.

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In a previous clinical study we have demonstrated a significantly lower baroreflex-mediated bradycardic response in young women compared with men. The present study determined whether sexual dimorphism in baroreflex sensitivity in young rats also covers the reflex tachycardic response. The study was then extended to test the hypothesis that an attenuated cardiac cholinergic component of the baroreflex heart rate response in females may account for the gender difference. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was expressed as the regression coefficient of the reciprocal relationship between evoked change

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41

Brown, C. Ann, Larry A. Wolfe, Sylvia Hains, Glorianne Ropchan, and Joel Parlow. "Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity after coronary artery bypass graft surgery as a function of gender and age." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 81, no. 9 (2003): 894–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y03-087.

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The effects of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery on spontaneous baroreflex (SBR) sensitivity and heart rate variability were examined in 11 women and 23 men preoperatively and 5 days postoperatively. Electrocardiograph RR interval and beat-by-beat arterial blood pressure data were collected continuously for 20 min in the supine and standing postures. Coarse graining spectral analysis was performed on the heart rate variability data. Spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity declined after surgery with a differential influence of gender. Men showed a decrease in SBR slope following surgery,

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Dworkin, Barry R., and Susan Dworkin. "Baroreflexes of the rat. III. Open-loop gain and electroencephalographic arousal." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 286, no. 3 (2004): R597—R605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00469.2003.

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In early studies of humans, baroreflex sensitivity was found to be higher during sleep; however, subsequent observations in several species, including humans, have been at variance with the original reports. Sleep and arousal are behavioral states, and it is difficult to accurately and repeatedly measure baroreflex sensitivity in behaving animals. However, pharmacologically immobilized (neuromuscularly blocked) rats have apparently normal sleep-wakefulness cycles, and baroreflex gain can be measured directly in this preparation. Using the delta band of the EEG (EEGδ) as an index of sleep and a

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Crandall, C. G., K. A. Engelke, V. A. Convertino, and P. B. Raven. "Aortic baroreflex control of heart rate after 15 days of simulated microgravity exposure." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 5 (1994): 2134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.5.2134.

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To determine the effects of simulated microgravity on aortic baroreflex control of heart rate, we exposed seven male subjects (mean age 38 +/- 3 yr) to 15 days of bed rest in the 6 degrees head-down position. The sensitivity of the aortic-cardiac baroreflex was determined during a steady-state phenylephrine-induced increase in mean arterial pressure combined with lower body negative pressure to counteract central venous pressure increases and neck pressure to offset the increased carotid sinus transmural pressure. The aortic-cardiac baroreflex gain was assessed by determining the ratio of the

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Davy, Kevin P., Christopher A. Desouza, Pamela P. Jones, and Douglas R. Seals. "Elevated Heart Rate Variability in Physically Active Young and Older Adult Women." Clinical Science 94, no. 6 (1998): 579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0940579.

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1. Low heart rate variability is associated with an increased risk of cardiac sudden death, coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality. We have previously shown that physically active postmenopausal women demonstrate higher levels of heart rate variability and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity compared to their sedentary peers. The purpose of the present prospective study was to test the hypothesis that heart rate variability and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity would be reduced with age in sedentary but not physically active women. To accomplish this, we measured heart rate variability (both t

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Cowie, M. R., and J. M. Rawles. "A Modified Method of Quantifying the Carotid Baroreceptor-Heart Rate Reflex in Man: The Effect of Age and Blood Pressure." Clinical Science 77, no. 2 (1989): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0770223.

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1. Carotid baroreceptor-heart rate sensitivity has been measured non-invasively by a modified neck-chamber method that utilizes all cardiac intervals recorded in 6 min during 84 respiratory cycles. 2. In a replication study in 10 subjects the mean baroreflex sensitivity was 5.52 ms/mmHg and the mean (sd) difference between determinations was 0.70 (0.74) ms/mmHg. 3. Baroreflex sensitivity was measured in 48 untreated subjects of mean age 43 (range 20–71) years with blood pressures ranging from 104 to 202 mmHg (13.9 to 26.9 kPa) systolic and 52 to 120 mmHg (6.9 to 16.0 kPa) diastolic [average 14

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Sullebarger, J. T., C. S. Liang, P. D. Woolf, A. E. Willick, and J. F. Richeson. "Comparison of phenylephrine bolus and infusion methods in baroreflex measurements." Journal of Applied Physiology 69, no. 3 (1990): 962–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.69.3.962.

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Phenylephrine (PE) bolus and infusion methods have both been used to measure baroreflex sensitivity in humans. To determine whether the two methods produce the same values of baroreceptor sensitivity, we administered intravenous PE by both bolus injection and graded infusion methods to 17 normal subjects. Baroreflex sensitivity was determined from the slope of the linear relationship between the cardiac cycle length (R-R interval) and systolic arterial pressure. Both methods produced similar peak increases in arterial pressure and reproducible results of baroreflex sensitivity in the same subj

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Sich??, Jean P., Roland G. Asmar, Jean M. Mallion, et al. "Non-invasive ambulatory blood pressure variability and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity." Journal of Hypertension 13, no. 12 (1995): 1654???1659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-199512010-00026.

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Petraki, M., E. Kouidi, D. Grekas, and A. Deligiannis. "Effects of exercise training during hemodialysis on cardiac baroreflex sensitivity." Clinical Nephrology 70, no. 09 (2008): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5414/cnp70210.

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Fisher, James P., Abrar Ahmed, Jasmine Nelson, Shigehiko Ogoh, and Paul J. Fadel. "Influence Of Age On Cardiac Baroreflex Sensitivity During Dynamic Exercise." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Suppl 1 (2006): S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200611001-00069.

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ROVERE, MARIA TERESA, and PETER J. SCHWARTZ. "Baroreflex Sensitivity as a Cardiac and Arrhythmia Mortality Risk Stratifier." Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 20, no. 10 (1997): 2602–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1997.tb06110.x.

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