Academic literature on the topic 'Cardinal Type Service'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cardinal Type Service"
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Saeida Ardakani, Saeid, Majid Nejatian, Mohammad Ali Farhangnejad, and Mehran Nejati. "A fuzzy approach to service quality diagnosis." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 33, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-02-2013-0035.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify service quality dimensions that could enhance the level of services provided by a variety of carriers and rank them, accordingly. Design/methodology/approach – This research aims to identify service quality dimensions that could enhance the level of services provided by a variety of carriers and rank them, accordingly. Findings – The results show that “safety,” “timeliness,” and “variety and type of airplane” are the most important service quality criteria from the passengers’ viewpoint. It also indicates that the most and least important dimensions of service quality are “tangibles” and “responsiveness,” respectively. The results ranked the airlines from one to three as Emirates Airline, Mahan Air, and Iran Air. Originality/value – Most of the service quality criteria are descriptive and are stated using lingual expressions (cardinal or ordinal scales). Therefore, evaluation of perceptions and expectations of customers regarding service quality using non-fuzzy methods ignores the ambiguity involved in individual judgments.
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. Laxmisha, A. S. "Ksfc - Real Promoter of Service Entrepreneurship." Ushus - Journal of Business Management 3, no. 1 (January 10, 2004): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12725/ujbm.4.5.
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Development of entrepreneurship is cardinal and most crucial to the industrial development. It is the process of encouraging a prospective entrepreneur to set up an industrial unit whether production, processing or servicing. The development of entrepreneurship is dependant upon the policies, programmes and approaches of the Government. This task is carried out by the agencies like KSFC, TECSOK, Banks etc. Among them KSFC is a premier money lending institution functioning in the state of Karnataka. The subsidies given by it have helped to bring into existence numerous business activities.
This paper is an attempt to see the type of entrepreneurship, i.e. industrial entrepreneurship of service entrepreneurship developed by the KSFC in Shimoga and Davangere districts of Karnataka State. The study based on both the secondary and primary data revealed that the Corporation is able to attract a large number of entrepreneurs in the service sector and assisting newer areas of activity. Careful selection and scanning of entrepreneurs, timely sanctions, need based lending policy, strengthening the entrepreneurial guidance, provision of working capital etc., are some of the suggestions offered by the paper. It has nourished many self made businessmen.
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Feinberg, Bruce A., Joseph Cooper, Winston Wong, Daniel Winn, Tim Olson, Ram Swarup Trehan, and Jeffrey A. Scott. "Shifting revenue from drug sales to cognitive services: Impact on physician prescribing behavior." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 6629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.6629.
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6629 Background: Extensive literature has cited fee-for-service physician reimbursement methodology as a critical driver of resource utilization constituting overtesting, overtreatment, and an impediment to bending the cost curve in cancer care. CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield (CFBCBS) partnered with Cardinal Health Specialty Solutions to launch the first cancer clinical pathway in the US in Aug 2008. Physician participation was voluntary and reimbursement remained fee-for-service. Due to its early success with regard to savings and physician participation and compliance, an oncology medical home (MH) program was piloted in Jan 2011 offering a new physician reimbursement model, which shifted the source of revenue from margin on drug sales to cognitive services. This would allow physicians to focus on optimal patient (pt) care without the financial incentive to prescribe chemotherapy (chemo). We analyzed physician behavior modification after this change in reimbursement structure 1 year after implementation of the MH program. Methods: Practices that participated in the first pathways program were eligible to join the MH program. Claims data from CFBCBS were collected from Apr 2010 to Mar 2012. New and established pt visits, chemo administrations (admins) per pt and per practice, and % generic drug use were compared for year +1 versus year -1 of the MH program. Results: Fourteen practices (31 physicians, 478 pts) joined the MH program. In year +1, new pt visits increased by 2.7%, visits per established pt increased 1%, chemo admins per pt increased by 3%, and the percentage of regimens utilizing all generic drugs increased by 3.9%. Conclusions: Switching financial incentives from drug administration toward cognitive services did not significantly alter physician behavior with regard to the type or frequency of chemo admins or the frequency of pt visits. Whether this is because the physicians were mature pathways participants, influenced by brand-name prescription drug detailing, following National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, or influenced by cognitive dissonance is speculative. Assumptions regarding fee-for-service reimbursement may not be applicable to chemo and will be further studied.
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Took, Roxane L., Yifei Liu, and Peggy G. Kuehl. "A Study to Identify Medication-Related Problems and Associated Cost Avoidance by Community Pharmacists during a Comprehensive Medication Review in Patients One Week Post Hospitalization." Pharmacy 7, no. 2 (May 29, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy7020051.
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Objectives: To determine the numbers of medication discrepancies and medication-related problems (MRPs) identified and resolved when providing a transitions of care comprehensive medication review (CMR) after hospital discharge within a community pharmacy; and to estimate the cost-avoidance value of this service. Methods: Community pharmacists provided CMRs to covered employees and dependents of a self-insured regional grocery store chain who were discharged from the hospital. Data was collected prospectively over 4 months. Discrepancies were identified among patients’ medication regimens by comparing the hospital discharge record, the pharmacy profile, and what the patient reported taking. MRPs were categorized into ten categories, as defined by the OutcomesMTM® Encounter Worksheet. Interventions were categorized using the severity scale developed by OutcomesMTM®, a Cardinal Health company. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate correlations. Results: Nineteen patients were enrolled in the program. Pharmacists identified 34 MRPs and 81 medication discrepancies, 1.8 and 4.3 per patient, respectively. The most common type of MRP was underuse of medication (70.6%). Significant positive correlations were found between the number of scheduled prescription medications and the number of medications with discrepancies (p ≤ 0.01; r = 0.825) and number of scheduled prescription medications and the number of MRPs (p ≤ 0.01; r = 0.697). Most commonly, the severity levels associated with the MRPs involved the prevention of physician office visits or addition of new prescription medications (n = 10 each); however, four emergency room visits and three hospitalizations were also avoided. The total estimated cost avoidance was $92,143, or $4850 per patient. Extrapolated annual cost savings related to this service would be $276,428. Conclusions: This transitions of care service was successful in identifying and addressing MRPs and discrepancies for this patient population. By providing this service, community pharmacists were able to prevent outcomes of various severities and to avoid patient care costs.
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Thabane, Tebello, and Elizabeth Snyman-Van Deventer. "Pathological Corporate Governance Deficiencies in South Africa's State-Owned Companies: A Critical Reflection." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 21 (January 10, 2018): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2018/v21i0a2345.
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Globally, states use state-owned companies (SOCs) or public corporations to provide public goods, limit private and foreign control of the domestic economy, generate public funds for the fiscus, increase service delivery and encourage economic development and industrialisation. Particularly given its unique socio-political and economic dynamics, a country such as South Africa clearly needs this type of strategic enterprise. Yet, that does not mean that everything at our SOCs is as it should be. The beleaguered South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) has recently seen the resignation of board members, shareholder interference in its operational affairs, and a high turnover of chief accounting officers and other executive management members. Due to non-performance, it has also received several cash injections from its shareholder to enable it to continue to deliver its services. In addition, the shareholder minister took it upon herself to amend the SABC's memorandum of incorporation, conferring upon herself the authority to appoint, suspend or even dismiss key executive members. South African Airways (SAA), in turn, has had seven CEOs in less than four years, has had to be bailed out at a cost of R550 million, and has in addition been granted a R5 billion guarantee by the shareholder for a restructuring exercise. Other SOCs such as Eskom, the Post Office and Telkom have also experienced high board and executive management turnover, perennial underperformance necessitating regular bailouts, and challenges regarding the division of power between their boards and the various shareholder ministers. Another issue that seems to plague South Africa's SOCs is the appointment of board members and executive officials with questionable qualifications. By critically examining the corporate governance challenges besetting the SABC, SAA and Eskom in particular, this article seeks to explore the root causes of the corporate governance deficiencies of SOCs, and how their corporate governance can be enhanced. It is concluded that the challenges faced by the country's SOCs are twofold: firstly, the SOCs boards' lack of appreciation of the cardinal corporate governance rules, and secondly, the role of government as a single or dominant shareholder, which results in substantial political interference in the running of the SOCs. This dual problem requires a dual solution. To arrest the problem of poor corporate governance in SOCs, government as the shareholder should firstly appoint fit and proper directors, having followed a sound due-diligence process. Once it has established such properly skilled and competent boards, however, government should adopt an arm's-length approach to the affairs of the SOCs as a way of insulating these corporations from political interference
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Bortolin, Michelangelo, Marco Ulla, Alessia Bono, Enrico Ferreri, Mariano Tomatis, and Sergio Sgambetterra. "Holy Shroud Exhibition 2010: Health Services During a 40-Day Mass-Gathering Event." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 28, no. 3 (March 21, 2013): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x13000216.
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AbstractIntroductionMass-gathering events require varying types and amounts of medical resources to deal with patient presentations as well as careful planning for environmental health management. The Holy Shroud Exhibition was hosted in Torino, Italy, between April and May 2010. The venue was a unique mass-gathering event which lasted several weeks. It was held in a limited area in the center of the city and it was attended by a large and heterogeneous population. A dedicated Health Care Service was created for the event.MethodsThis study is a retrospective analysis of clinical presentations of patients who were managed by the Medical Services during the event. The main study outcomes included Patient Presentation Rate (PPR), type of injuries and illnesses, and the Transport to Hospital Rate (TTHR).ResultsThe PPR and TTHR were both low (0.27 and 0.039 respectively). The majority of patients presented with low severity codes and no sudden cardiac death (SCD) or cardiac arrest occurred. Cardiac and trauma emergencies were most frequent categories of presentation. A number of pediatric patients (19.37%) were treated by the event Medical Service. Approximately two million persons participated in the 40-day event.ConclusionThe experience for this 40-day event supported having an on-site, organized, dedicated Medical Service that decreased overcrowding of the local Emergency Medical System and hospitals. It is recommended that, for such events, there be recruitment of emergency physicians with experience in mass-gathering events, recruitment of pediatricians, and training for professionals during the planning process.BortolinM, UllaM, BonoA, FerreriE, TomatisM, SgambetterraS. Holy Shroud Exhibition 2010: health services during a 40-day mass-gathering event. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(3):1-6.
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Moralejo, E., and S. Werres. "First Report of Phytophthora ramorum on Rhododendron sp. in Spain." Plant Disease 86, no. 9 (September 2002): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.9.1052a.
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Phytophthora ramorum has been recently described (4) from isolates collected since approximately 1993, from Rhododendron and Viburnum in the Netherlands and Germany. Since 2001 and 2002, respectively, there have been unconfirmed reports from Poland and Great Britain (1). There are growing concerns about this oomycete since it has been recognized as the causal agent of sudden oak death in California, where thousands of oaks and tanoaks (Quercus agrifolia, Q. kelloggii, Q. parvula var. shrevei, and Lithocarpus densiflorus) have died. Since the first outbreak in Marin County, California in 1995, (3) the epidemic has remained concentrated mainly along the Pacific Coast near San Francisco but has been reported in Oregon (2). There have been no reports of oaks or other trees affected in Europe. During February 2002, E. Moralejo surveyed several nurseries in Mallorca, (Balearic Islands, Spain) to verify the presence of P. ramorum on rhododendron. Two shipments of rhododendrons, from the towns of Palma and Santa Maria del Camí, showed twig blight and necrotic spots at leaf tips and margins. Less than 0.5% of the aerial parts of the potted plants of both sets were affected. Isolations from symptomatic tissue consistently yielded cultures of Phytophthora using selective media (corn meal agar supplemented with nystatin, rifampicin, and ampicillin). Pure cultures were obtained from three isolates by hyphal-tip transfers on carrot piece agar (CPA) and identified as P. ramorum on the basis of morphological and cultural characters (4). Colonies grown on CPA at 17°C were appressed with sparse aerial mycelium and formed typical concentric growth rings under 16 h fluorescent light. Cardinal temperatures for vegetative growth were 2°C (minimum), 20°C (optimum), and 28°C (maximum). Daily radial growth was 3 to 3.2 mm at 20°C. Sporangia formed singly or in clusters on aerial sporangiophores in the absence of free water, and were mainly semipapillate, caducous, with a very short or no pedicel, ellipsoidal to elongated-ovoid, with a length/breath ratio of 1.9 to 2.1. Large spherical, terminal, and intercalary chlamydospores, 32 to 72 μm in diameter, were readily formed in agar. The mating type of these isolates from Mallorca was A1 based on dual cultures on CPA with four different heterothallic Phytophthora species. Crossing was successful with P. cryptogea BBA 63651 mating type A2. Oogonia were subglobose and measured 24 to 32 μm in diameter. Oospores were plerotic. Antheridia were always amphigynous, and mainly barrel-shaped to spherical, 14 to 22 μm in diameter One of the three isolates also produced a very small number of gametangia with the A2 tester strain P. cinnamomi BBA 62660, but the oospores appeared degenerate. Only A1 mating type strains of P. ramorum have been found in Europe. The Mallorca isolates have been deposited in the culture collection of the Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (BBA), Germany. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. ramorum in Spain. Further research is urgently needed to assess whether the Mediterranean evergreen oak ecosystem is in danger. References: (1) EPPO Reporting Service. Published on-line, http://www.eppo.org/PUBLICATIONS/EPPO_RS/reporting_service.html Publication no. 2002/040 and 2002/077. (2) E. M. Goheen et al. Plant Dis. 86:441, 2002. (3) D. M. Rizzo et al. Plant Dis. 86:205, 2002. (4) S. Werres et al. Mycol. Res. 105:1155, 2001.
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Martini, Cardinal Carlo Maria. "Bernard Lonergan at the Service of the Church." Theological Studies 66, no. 3 (September 2005): 517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004056390506600302.
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[Cardinal Martini, archbishop emeritus of Milan, and currently scholar in residence in Jerusalem, delivered this inaugural address on November 17, 2004, during a three-day international congress held at the Gregorian University on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the birth of the Canadian Jesuit Bernard J. F. Lonergan (1904–1984). The congress explored the contribution of Lonergan to Christian theology and, in particular, his proposal for a new methodology capable of assuring the internal unity of theology as well as fostering its many integrations with the natural and human sciences, historical research, philosophical reflection, and other types of knowing. Cardinal Martini in his lecture brought out the person of Lonergan as well as his ecclesial and cultural significance.]
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Byrne-Davis, L. M. T., D. Marchant, E. R. Bull, D. Gyles, E. Dean, and J. K. Hart. "How do members of a fire and rescue service perceive expanding their roles to deliver more health care services?" Journal of Public Health 41, no. 3 (August 21, 2018): 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy148.
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Abstract Background Increasingly, public sector workers are being required to expand their roles into public health. Fire and rescue services, as part of the Emergency Medical Response trial, are at the forefront of role expansion, with increasing capacity due to reducing numbers of fires in recent years. Firefighter roles, successfully implemented, include responding to cardiac arrests and conducting checks on health and wellbeing in people’s own homes. In this study, we explored fire service members’ perceptions about this role expansion, to increase understanding of how role expansion can be introduced and supported. Methods We interviewed 21 firefighters and team members about their perceptions of new roles. Interviews were conducted, transcribed and thematically analysed until reaching thematic saturation. Results Perspectives differed for responding to cardiac arrests and wellbeing checks. Cardiac arrests were seen as aligned with core roles and thus more acceptable. For both types of new role participants wanted more training and opportunities to provide feedback on implementation. Conclusions How team members viewed role expansion depended on new role alignment with core role, training and being able to give feedback to management to shape future services.
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Novick, William M., Gregory L. Stidham, Tom R. Karl, Robert Arnold, Darko Anić, Sri O. Rao, Victor C. Baum, Kathleen E. Fenton, and Thomas G. Di Sessa. "Paediatric cardiac assistance in developing and transitional countries: the impact of a fourteen year effort." Cardiology in the Young 18, no. 3 (June 2008): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951108002175.
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AbstractBackgroundPaediatric cardiac services are poorly developed or totally absent in underdeveloped countries. Institutions, foundations and interested individuals in those nations in which sophisticated paediatric cardiac surgery is practised have the ability to alleviate this problem by sponsoring paediatric cardio-surgical missions to provide care, and train local caregivers in developing, transitional, and third world countries. The ultimate benefit of such a programme is to improve the surgical abilities of the host institution. The purpose of this report is to present the impact of our programme over a period of 14 years.MethodsWe specifically reviewed our database of patients from our missions, our team lists, surgical results, and the number and type of personnel trained in the institutions that we have assisted. In order for the institution to be entered into the study, the foundation had to provide at least 2 months of training. In addition, the institution had to respond to a simple questionnaire concerning the number and types of surgery performed at their facility before and after intervention by the foundation.ResultsWe made 140 trips to 27 institutions in 19 countries, with 12 of the visited institutions qualifying for inclusion. Of these, 9 institutions reported an increase in the number and complexity of cases currently being performed in their facility since the team intervened. This goal had not been accomplished in 3 institutions. The reasons for failure included the economic situation of the country, hospital and national politics, personality conflicts, and continued lack of hardware and disposables.ConclusionsPaediatric cardiac service assistance can improve local services. A significant commitment is required by all parties involved.
Books on the topic "Cardinal Type Service"
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Clancy, Tom. Kelimulin gong de shu ji zhu jiao: Cardinal of the kremlin. Shanghai: Shanghai yi wen chu ban she, 2007.
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(Narrator), David Ogden Stiers, ed. The Cardinal Of The Kremlin. Simon & Schuster Audio, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Cardinal Type Service"
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Serratosa, Luis, Efraim Kramer, and Mats Börjesson. "Cardiac safety at sports events: the medical action plan." In The ESC Textbook of Sports Cardiology, edited by Antonio Pelliccia, Hein Heidbuchel, Domenico Corrado, Mats Börjesson, and Sanjay Sharma, 411–18. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779742.003.0045.
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The cardiac-specific medical services plan, in and around a sports stadium or arena, should be carefully undertaken and individualized, in order to ensure safe, effective, and coordinated management of any sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). This is ensured practically by tailoring the designated number and skills of on-duty health-care personnel and by having adequate and appropriate medical equipment, effective communication systems, and the emergency medical service transportation logistics required to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation within the first 3–5 minutes after SCA, regardless of the size or type of sport environment. The planning should be written down in a medical action plan (MAP) which should be communicated to all relevant and appropriate officials, health-care personnel, and, where relevant, participants and spectators. Relevant contact information regarding activation of the necessary emergency medical services, listing the sport environment health-care personnel, and continuous education and skills training are vital parts of the MAP.
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Thomas, Drew, Darma Marcelin, and Shone Almeida. "Changes in Atherosclerotic Plaque Composition with Anti-Lipid Therapy as Detected by Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography." In Management of Dyslipidemia. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96673.
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Lipid management remains the mainstay of cardiovascular disease prevention. Drugs that target cholesterol reduction, such as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, have shown significant mortality and morbidity benefit. Predominantly targeting low-density lipoprotein (LDL). These drugs have been indicated to reduce lipid composition and plaque proliferation. Total plaque burden and composition can now be assessed with noninvasive advanced cardiac imaging modalities. This chapter will address the components of atherosclerotic plaque as identified with coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and review in detail the changes in plaque characteristics that may be responsible for reduction in cardiac events. These changes in plaque composition may help guide future management of cardiovascular disease, serving as an imaging biomarker for better risk stratification. Readers will gain a deeper understanding of plaque morphology with direct clinical applicability as well as an understanding of how noninvasive imaging can be utilized to assess plaque composition.
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Rothstein, William G. "Hospitals and Health Care." In American Medical Schools and the Practice of Medicine. Oxford University Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195041866.003.0020.
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The use of hospitals for medical care became more varied after 1950. More patients were admitted for a wide variety of conditions and more different types of treatments were provided. Many new technologies were adopted that have raised costs considerably. Hospitals employed more residents, foreign medical graduates, and nurses. Between 1946 and 1983, hospitals grew both in size and importance in the health care system. The number of short-term nonfederal hospitals increased by only one-third, but the number of beds and the average daily census doubled and the number of admissions increased 2.6 times, while the U.S. population grew by only two-thirds. Much of the additional use was for nonsurgical care. During the 1928–1943 period, 74 percent of all hospital admissions were surgical. This declined to 60 percent between 1956 and 1968 and to 50 percent between 1975 and 1981. Outpatient care grew even more rapidly than inpatient care, with the number of hospital outpatients doubling between 1965 and 1983. The hospital system has become dominated by large hospitals, practically all of which have affiliated with medical schools. In 1983, the 18 percent of nonfederal short-term hospitals that had 300 or more beds admitted 50 percent of the patients, carried out 59 percent of the surgery, and had 55 percent of the outpatient visits and 61 percent of the births. They employed 72 percent of all physicians and dentists employed in hospitals and 90 percent of all medical and dental residents. At least 60 percent of them had nurseries for premature infants, hemodialysis units, radiation therapy or isotype facilities, computerized tomograhy (CT) scanners, and cardiac catheterization facilities, and almost one-half had open-heart surgery facilities. Most also offered types of care not traditionally associated with hospitals. Practically all of them provided social work services and physical therapy, at least 75 percent provided occupational and speech therapy, and 40 percent provided outpatient psychiatric care. On the other hand, fewer than one-third provided family planning, home care, or hospice services, or partial hospitalization for psychiatric patients. The expanding services of nonfederal short-term general hospitals has led to the employment of larger numbers of workers.
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Clark, David M. "Cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 1285–98. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0165.
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Cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders is a brief psychological treatment (1 to 16 sessions), based on the cognitive model of emotional disorders. Within this model, it is assumed that it is not events per se, but rather people's expectations and interpretations of events, which are responsible for the production of negative emotions such as anxiety, anger, guilt, or sadness. In anxiety, the important interpretations, or cognitions, concern perceived physical or psychosocial danger. In everyday life, many situations are objectively dangerous. In such situations, individuals’ perceptions are often realistic appraisals of the inherent danger. However, Beck argues that in anxiety disorders, patients systematically overestimate the danger inherent in certain situations, bodily sensations, or mental processes. Overestimates of danger can arise from distorted estimates of the likelihood of a feared event, distorted estimates of the severity of the event, and/or distorted estimates of one's coping resources and the availability of rescue factors. Once a stimulus is interpreted as a source of danger, an ‘anxiety programme’ is activated. This is a pattern of responses that is probably inherited from our evolutionary past and originally served to protect us from harm in objectively dangerous primitive environments (such as attack from a predator). The programme includes changes in autonomic arousal as preparation for flight/fight/fainting and increased scanning of the environment for possible sources of danger. In modern life, there are also situations in which these responses are adaptive (such as getting out of the path of a speeding car). However, when, as in anxiety disorders, the danger is more imagined than real, these anxiety responses are largely inappropriate. Instead of serving a useful function, they contribute to a series of vicious circles that tend to maintain or exacerbate the anxiety disorder. Two types of vicious circle are common in anxiety disorders. First, the reflexively elicited somatic and cognitive symptoms of anxiety become further sources of perceived danger. For example, blushing can be taken as an indication that one has made a fool of oneself, and this may lead to further embarrassment and blushing; or a racing heart may be taken as evidence of an impending heart attack and this may produce further anxiety and cardiac symptoms. Second, patients often engage in behavioural and cognitive strategies that are intended to prevent the feared events from occurring. However, because the fears are unrealistic, the main effect of these strategies is to prevent patients from disconfirming their negative beliefs. For example, patients who fear that the unusual and racing thoughts experienced during panic attacks indicate that they are in danger of going mad and often try to control their thoughts and (erroneously) believe that if they had not done so, they would have gone mad. Within cognitive models of anxiety disorders, at least two different levels of disturbed thinking are distinguished. First, negative automatic thoughts are those thoughts or images that are present in specific situations when an individual is anxious. For example, someone concerned about social evaluation might have the negative thought, ‘They think I'm boring’, while talking to a group of acquaintances. Second, dysfunctional assumptions are general beliefs, which individuals hold about the world and themselves which are said to make them prone to interpret specific situations in an excessively negative and dysfunctional fashion. For example, a rule involving an extreme equation of self-worth with social approval (‘Unless I am liked by everyone, I am worthless’) might make an individual particularly likely to interpret silent spells in conversation as an indication that others think one is boring. Cognitive behaviour therapy attempts to treat anxiety disorders by (a) helping patients identify their negative danger-related thoughts and beliefs, and (b) modifying these cognitions and the behavioural and cognitive processes that normally maintain them. A wide range of procedures are used to achieve these aims, including education, discussion of evidence for and against the beliefs, imagery modification, attentional manipulations, exposure to feared stimuli, and numerous other behavioural assignments. Within sessions there is a strong emphasis on experiential work and on working with high affect. Between sessions, patients follow extensive homework assignments. As in cognitive behaviour therapy for other disorders, the general approach is one of collaborative empiricism in which patient and therapist view the patient's fearful thoughts as hypotheses to be critically examined and tested.
Conference papers on the topic "Cardinal Type Service"
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Milling, L., BS Astrup, and S. Mikkelsen. "24 Injuries following mechanical cardiac massage with a piston-type device." In Meeting abstracts from the second European Emergency Medical Services Congress (EMS2018). British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-ems.24.
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Cheng, Jeffrey K., Victoria Le, Robert P. Mecham, and Jessica E. Wagenseil. "Mechanics and Modeling of Postnatal Arterial Development in Wild-Type and Elastin-Insufficient Mice." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53140.
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Large arteries in vertebrates serve as elastic reservoirs that store a portion of the blood volume with systole and discharge it during diastole. This function is made possible by the combination of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins deposited by the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the arterial wall. Elastin and collagen expression in mice is first detectable around embryonic day 14 and peaks around postnatal day (P) 14, returning to baseline levels by P30. During this time, pressure and cardiac output increase significantly before leveling off ∼P30 [1]. Hence, the protein amounts and consequent mechanical properties of the arterial wall change simultaneously with the applied hemodynamic loads in a complicated and unknown feedback loop.
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Anene-Nzelu, Chukwuemeka G., Deepak Choudhury, Huipeng Li, Yi-Chin Toh, Gary Sum Huan Ng, Leo Hwa Liang, and Hanry Yu. "Gratings on a Dish: A Scalable Cell Alignment Substrate on Optical Media." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14109.
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Cell alignment by underlying topographical cues has been shown to affect important biological processes such as differentiation and functional maturation in vitro. However, the routine use of cell culture substrates with micro/nano-topographies is currently hampered by the high cost and specialized facilities required to produce these substrates. Here we present commercially available optical media as substrates for aligning cells in culture. These optical media, including CD-R, DVD-R and optical grating, allow different cell types to attach, align and grow on them. This cytoskeletal reorganization enhanced the differentiation of cardiac (H9C2), and skeletal muscle (C2C12) cell lines. These low-cost commercially available optical media can serve as scalable substrates for research or drug safety screening applications.
Reports on the topic "Cardinal Type Service"
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Carney, Nancy, Tamara Cheney, Annette M. Totten, Rebecca Jungbauer, Matthew R. Neth, Chandler Weeks, Cynthia Davis-O'Reilly, et al. Prehospital Airway Management: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer243.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. To assess the comparative benefits and harms across three airway management approaches (bag valve mask [BVM], supraglottic airway [SGA], and endotracheal intubation [ETI]) by emergency medical services in the prehospital setting, and how the benefits and harms differ based on patient characteristics, techniques, and devices. Data sources. We searched electronic citation databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus®) from 1990 to September 2020 and reference lists, and posted a Federal Register notice request for data. Review methods. Review methods followed Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center Program methods guidance. Using pre-established criteria, studies were selected and dual reviewed, data were abstracted, and studies were evaluated for risk of bias. Meta-analyses using profile-likelihood random effects models were conducted when data were available from studies reporting on similar outcomes, with analyses stratified by study design, emergency type, and age. We qualitatively synthesized results when meta-analysis was not indicated. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed for primary outcomes (survival, neurological function, return of spontaneous circulation [ROSC], and successful advanced airway insertion [for SGA and ETI only]). Results. We included 99 studies (22 randomized controlled trials and 77 observational studies) involving 630,397 patients. Overall, we found few differences in primary outcomes when airway management approaches were compared. • For survival, there was moderate SOE for findings of no difference for BVM versus ETI in adult and mixed-age cardiac arrest patients. There was low SOE for no difference in these patients for BVM versus SGA and SGA versus ETI. There was low SOE for all three comparisons in pediatric cardiac arrest patients, and low SOE in adult trauma patients when BVM was compared with ETI. • For neurological function, there was moderate SOE for no difference for BVM compared with ETI in adults with cardiac arrest. There was low SOE for no difference in pediatric cardiac arrest for BVM versus ETI and SGA versus ETI. In adults with cardiac arrest, neurological function was better for BVM and ETI compared with SGA (both low SOE). • ROSC was applicable only in cardiac arrest. For adults, there was low SOE that ROSC was more frequent with SGA compared with ETI, and no difference for BVM versus SGA or BVM versus ETI. In pediatric patients there was low SOE of no difference for BVM versus ETI and SGA versus ETI. • For successful advanced airway insertion, low SOE supported better first-pass success with SGA in adult and pediatric cardiac arrest patients and adult patients in studies that mixed emergency types. Low SOE also supported no difference for first-pass success in adult medical patients. For overall success, there was moderate SOE of no difference for adults with cardiac arrest, medical, and mixed emergency types. • While harms were not always measured or reported, moderate SOE supported all available findings. There were no differences in harms for BVM versus SGA or ETI. When SGA was compared with ETI, there were no differences for aspiration, oral/airway trauma, and regurgitation; SGA was better for multiple insertion attempts; and ETI was better for inadequate ventilation. Conclusions. The most common findings, across emergency types and age groups, were of no differences in primary outcomes when prehospital airway management approaches were compared. As most of the included studies were observational, these findings may reflect study design and methodological limitations. Due to the dynamic nature of the prehospital environment, the results are susceptible to indication and survival biases as well as confounding; however, the current evidence does not favor more invasive airway approaches. No conclusion was supported by high SOE for any comparison and patient group. This supports the need for high-quality randomized controlled trials designed to account for the variability and dynamic nature of prehospital airway management to advance and inform clinical practice as well as emergency medical services education and policy, and to improve patient-centered outcomes.