Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cardiologie et système cardiovasculaire'
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Janssen, Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude du contrôle chémoréflexe des variables ventilatoires et cardiovasculaires chez le sujet sain et pathologique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/314830.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
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Teiger, Emmanuel. "Apoptose et système cardiovasculaire." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120089.
Full textDelahaye, Catherine. "Incidents et accidents imputables aux médicaments à visée cardiovasculaire : enquête de 3 mois dans le service de cardiologie de l'hôpital Beaujon." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P189.
Full textLeclerc, Jacinthe. "Surveillance des consultations à l'urgence et des hospitalisations chez les utilisateurs de médicaments génériques et originaux en cardiologie, au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28236.
Full textDrugs have a prominent place in cares of cardiovascular diseases. Several pharmaceutical options are currently available in Quebec. Among those, generic drugs constitute the economical alternative when the brand-name drug’s patent expires. Drug insurance plans give priority to the reimbursement of generic drugs once available, being on average three times more economical than the corresponding brand-name drug. In recent years, health care professionals and their patients have raised concerns about the safety (adverse drug reactions) and efficacy of generic drugs. This suggests that not only the price that differs between generic and brand-name drugs. Article 1 presents a literature review aimed at understanding the actual differences between generic and brand-name drugs. Beyond the price, generic drugs are distinct products from their brand-name counterparts, and vary in terms of 1) commercial name, 2) inactive ingredients and, 3) licensing processes. In that respect, Canadian government standards regulate the bioequivalence of generic drugs. To meet health authority norms and being considered bioequivalent to their brand-name drug, some pharmacokinetics parameters of generic versions should generally stand within 20% compared to their brand-name reference drug. Although modest, these bioavailability differences between brand-name and their generic drugs are documented in respective generic product monographs. In the literature, whether bioequivalence of generics versus brand-name drugs translates into clinical equivalence at a population level is not clear. Based on this hypothesis, we aimed to evaluate if adverse events would differ between brand-name and generic users, once generic versions became available on the market. Articles 2 and 3 present studies whose purpose is to evaluate the impact of generic drugs commercialization on adverse events (all causes emergency room consultations or hospitalizations), compared to brand-name versions. To this end, we included all Quebecers aged 66 years and over treated with drugs widely used in the field of hypertension, ischemic heart disease or heart failure: losartan, valsartan, candesartan and clopidogrel. With a time series analysis using linked health administrative data from the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System, we estimated monthly rates of adverse events that occurred over a three-year period, two years before and up to one year after respective first generic drug commercialization. A total of 136,177 patients using losartan, valsartan or candesartan are included in article 2. This number was 89,525 patients using clopidogrel in article 3. In both articles, adverse event rates were stable before the arrival of the generic versions and remained unchanged after, in the entire population. However, if we look at the rates of generic users only, the results revealed an immediate increase in adverse events, reproducible for the four studied drugs. Adverse event rates were also consistently higher among users of generic versions compared to users of the corresponding brand-name version over one year after generics commercialization. Many additional analyses were conducted by stratification for patients’ characteristics. Differences of adverse events between generic and brand-name users were similarly found in patients with 3 to 4 cardiovascular comorbidities or more compared to their lower stratum, as well as in patients of different socio-economic status. The effect was similar between male and female clopidogrel users as well. It was already known that generic drugs differed from their brand-name equivalent in terms of costs. Not only can they vary with respect to their bioavailability compared to the brand-name version, we observed that health outcomes associated with the use of generic drugs may not be entirely identical to health outcomes in patients using the brand-name drug. This could be explained by the substitution to a generic version with different bioavailability, but also, at least in part, due to other factors that were not measured in this study. The detection of this pharmacovigilance signal deserves in-depth clinical investigation, if possible, beyond health administrative data, to characterize properly the impact of generic drug substitutions. Going back to patients’ medical charts would permit to characterize clearly the clinical impact of generic drugs substitutions. It is possible that Health Canada's standards for licensing generic drug need to be revisited if those results are confirmed by other jurisdictions or health care systems.
Arcese, Laurent. "Modélisation et commande de microrobots magnétiquement guidés dans le système cardiovasculaire." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00703241.
Full textAstorino, Matteo. "Interaction Fluide-Structure dans le Système Cardiovasculaire. Analyse Numérique et Simulation." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845352.
Full textLe, Toullec Christine. "Etude du système cardiovasculaire en impesanteur et lors d'une expérience d'antiorthostatisme." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR3302.
Full textSmaldone, Saverio. "Analyse numérique et simulations de problèmes couplés pour le système cardiovasculaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066505.
Full textIn this thesis we present the numerical analysis and the development of parti- tioned algorithms in order to couple the blood dynamics in different cardiovascular compart- ments (3D-3D, 3D-0D). In the first part a fluid-fluid coupled problem is introduced. On the interface between the domains Robin-Robin boundary conditions, derived from the interface Nitsche’s formulation, are considered. We suggest different staggered explicit schemes whose stability is analyzed in the energy norm. Extensive numerical experiments illustrate the accuracy of the methods presented. The second part deals with more realistic cardiovascular applications. First a reduced order model for the heart valves is described. Without dealing with fluid-structure interaction with the blood flow, the valves are replaced by immersed surfaces acting as resistances on the fluid. Numerical simulations show the efficiency and the robustness of this model in the framework of a fluid-fluid interaction scheme. In the end, an ALE formulation is used to solve a fluid model in a moving domain. We show that adding a suitable consistent term, a stable energy inequality can be obtained without considering any Geometric Conservation Laws. The work ends with numerical sim- ulations on blood dynamics in the left ventricle coupled with the blood flowing in the aorta
Vermeiren, Christophe. "Analyse et modélisation du système cardio-vasculaire et sa régulation à court terme par le système nerveux autonome." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120062.
Full textDrui, Delphine Krempf Michel. "Prévalence et prise en charge du syndrome métabolique dans la cardiopathie ischémique parmi la population du service de cardiologie du CHU de Nantes." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/SPEdrui.pdf.
Full textNgatchou, Djomo William. "hémodynamique artérielle et marqueurs métaboliques du risque cardiovasculaire dans deux populations camerounaises." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/266557.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
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Hamici, Zoubir. "Système de biotélémesure haute performance pour dispositif électronique implanté : application en cardiologie nucléaire." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T121.
Full textCueille, Carine. "Régulation de l'expression du CRLR et des ramps dans le système cardiovasculaire." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077043.
Full textRozec, Bertrand. "Les récepteurs β3-adrénergiques dans le système cardiovasculaire : rôles physiopathologiques et implications thérapeutiques." Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=dc37995c-901c-4746-a9be-6756b20215a4.
Full textMy work of thesis was articulated around several complementary projects concerning the β3-adrenoceptor (β3-AR) in the cardiovascular system. We identified the presence of β3-ARs on internal mammary artery endothelium, an artery used as graft for the myocardial revascularisation. Their stimulation induces a vasodilation dependent of nitric oxyde (NO). These receptors could prevent vasospasm after coronary artery bypass surgery. Currently, the cellular targets of a third generation β-blocker efficient in systemic hypertension and heart failure, nebivolol, being poorly characterised, we shown that it activates β3-ARs both in rat thoracic aorta and in human myocardium. The overexpression of β3-AR by using an adenoviral vector, leads to pro-angiogenic effects in various angiogenesis assays. In endotoxemic shock, the β3-AR induced vasodilation is decreased, and is partly compensed by β1- and β2-AR activity potentialisation. Taken together theses results highlight the potential role of β3-AR in various cardiovascular diseases
Le, Rolle Virginie. "Modélisation Multiformalisme du Système Cardiovasculaire associant Bond Graph, Equations Différentielles et Modèles Discrets." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00285883.
Full textLe, Rolle Virginie. "Modélisation multiformalisme du système cardiovasculaire associant Bond Graph, équations différentielles et modèles discrets." Rennes 1, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00285883.
Full textTavernier, Geneviève. "Le récepteur bêta3-adrénergique du tissu adipeux et du système cardiovasculaire chez l'homme et l'animal." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30307.
Full textMandigout, Stéphane. "Effet de l'entraînement en endurance sur le système cardiovasculaire de filles et de garçons prépubères." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2072.
Full textMiladi, Walid. "Contributions à l'interaction fluide-structure dans le système cardio-vasculaire : modelisations et simulations numériques." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA2010.
Full textThe numerical simulation of fluid structure interaction has been studied in the context of blood flow in arteries. The Navier-Stokes equations have been used for fluid viscous incompressible interacting with a hyper-elastic solid. An Arbitrary Lagrange Euler formulation (ALE) has used by considering, a dynamic mesh where the structure of the blood vessel is described by a Lagrangian formulation and the blood is described by an Euleriran formulation. A better knowledge of rheological properties of blood and also of the evaluation of mechanical properties of blood vessels are very important points for developing our models. A first model of fluid structure interaction with a bifurcation has been advanced and validated by comparison with others papers already published in the literature A second model of blood flow in vessels with five bifurcations has been developed. The variation of mechanical properties of the structure of this model was investigated in order to show the importance of these properties to better know the behavior of blood flow through the arterial system. The third model that has been advanced is the human cortical bone. The reference model was SiNuPrOs on wich one added the consideration of blood vessels located in the Haversian and Volkmann channels. One feature of our simulations is the possibility to vary the viscosity according to various parameters including the diameter of blood vessel. It is clear that this effect is interesting in the presence of bifurcations and with small vessels
Martinez-Aussel, Bertrand. "Activités 98-99 du service de cardiologie de l'hopital provincial de Luang Prabang (RDP LAO) : analyses et perspectives dans le cadre du système de santé provincial." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON11142.
Full textKarpoff, Lucie. "Impact de l'obésité infantile sur le système cardiovasculaire au repos et au cours d'un exercice." Avignon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AVIG0701.
Full textThe increased prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing rapidly in developing countries, resulting in increasing risk of cardiovascular disease. The aims were to evaluate, in prepubertal boys (10 to 12 year old) with mild-to-moderate obesity, vascular function at rest and limb blood flow during local knee-extensor incremental and maximal exercise, and the dynamics of diastolic and systolic function from rest to maximal semi-supine cycle exercise using conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging. At rest, compared to lean controls, the obese boys had lower flow-mediated dilation in spite of similar maximal shear rate, without nitrate-dependent dilation differences and vascular remodeling with higher arterial diameter and intima-media thickness. We also demonstrated that obese boys presented no diastolic or systolic functional difference in spite of cardiac remodelling. During local exercise, they showed lower values of limb blood flow (ml. Min-1. 100g-1) whatever the exercise intensity which may be linked to altered endothelial reactivity not only in conduct but also resistance vessels. During global exercise, obese boys had greater stroke volume, cardiac output, and peak systolic and early diastolic tissue Doppler velocities than their lean counterparts suggesting a hyperkinetic state that may be a compensatory process at this early stage of weight gain. In conclusion, mild-to-moderate obesity in prepubertal boys is associated with impaired endothelial function and blunted muscle perfusion response to local dynamic exercise, and preserved resting myocardial diastolic or systolic function a cardiac “hyperadaptation” to exercise
Sabri, Abdelkarim. "Phénotype des cellules musculaires lisses dans le système cardiovasculaire normal et pathologique chez le rat." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05S004.
Full textBarandier, Christine. "Potentiel thérapeutique du manganèse et de l'un de ses dérivés synthétiques sur le système cardiovasculaire." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10238.
Full textCrébassol, Dominique Le Bouar. "Devenir du système cardio-vasculaire en impesanteur : à propos d'une étude en simulation et d'un vol orbital de un mois." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11081.
Full textCosson, Emmanuel. "Intégrateurs de risque cardiovasculaire chez l’animal : rigidité et structure artérielles et fonction endothéliale : corrélations avec l’insulino-résistance, le système nerveux autonome et les adipocytokines." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA132030.
Full textArterial stiffness, arterial wall and endothelial function integrate exposure to the cardio-vascular risk factors. Blood pressure (BP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), autonomic nervous system (ANS) and their determinants were studied in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR), Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), Zucker Diabetic Fatty rat (ZDF). BP, age and body weight correlated with PWV in SHR and WKY rats. In WKY rats, PWV negatively correlated with variability in pulse interval in the high frequencies (HF-PI), an index of vagal activity. PWV and BP increased with age in ZDF and Lean rats without differences between strains. HF-PI negatively correlated with PWV. Carotid wall was remodeled in ZDF rats. Wall structure characteristics correlated with adiponectin in ZDF rats. Rosiglitazone prevented the aortic and capillary endothelial dysfunction observed in the ZDF rats. To conclude, body weight determines PWV in the animal. ZDF rats do not exhibit high BP and arterial stiffness and therefore are not a good model for atherosclerosis. However, the present work suggests a role for vagal activity against arterial stiffness and of adipocytokines in arterial structure
Honore, Jean-Claude. "Pharmacologie et physiopathogie de l'endothéline-1 (1-31) et du récepteur ET[indice inférieur B] dans le système cardiovasculaire." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4266.
Full textRoussel, Marie-José. "Prise en charge de la pathologie cardiovasculaire grave par le Centre Hospitalier général de Vichy durant l' année 1986 et rôle du SAMU 03 Vichy." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF13040.
Full textJourdan, Géraldine. "Conséquences des altérations induites et spontanées du système nerveux autonome sur la fonction cardiovasculaire : approches physiologiques et pharmacologiques." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/425/.
Full textOver the past 20 years numerous studies in humans have shown a significant relationship between alterations in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and mortality. Although the nervous system is autonomous, it is a key physiopathological element in diseases and morbidity of the cardiovascular system. Some factors, directly or indirectly, linked to alterations of the ANS have thus been indentified and allow for a stratification of risk in terms of mortality. Our work, therefore, has consisted in examining the alterations of the ANS in vivo and investigating their consequences on the cardiovascular system in three distinct situations that reflect morbid affectations : the effect of aminochromes, oxidative derivatives of endogenous catecholamines, on the cardiovascular system of dogs and mice; the cardiovascular effect of a combination of two drugs in dogs; modifications in heart rate variability and ventricular repolarisation (study of the QT space) in a canine model of nutritional obesity. A primary study conducted with mice, clearly shows the existence of morbid cardiac modifications - electric and echocardiographic - specific to aminochromes. If these results are confirmed through clinical studies of plasmatic dosage of these compounds in humans, aminochromes per se could be used as a dedicated novel factor combining physiopathology and cardiovascular risk of mortality. A second investigation suggests that combined use of midodrine and dihydroergotamine in the treatment of severe orthostatic hypotension in humans must be avoided and confirms in dogs, the clinical observations of a worsening of this symptom when these two drugs are given in association. .
Molenat-Sérafin, Florence. "Effets de l'oxygène, hypoxie et hyperoxie, sur le système cardio-vasculaire." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX20674.
Full textHuman metabolism depends on the presence of oxygen. However, oxygen may have some toxic effects via the radical oxygen species. We studied, using Echocardiography and Doppler, the cardiovascular tolerance in healthy subjects submitted to environments with high or poor oxygen content. Intrinsic properties of the heart seemed well preserved. Cardiac contractility was unchanged in hypoxia and poorly decreased in hyperoxia. We observed that left ventricle (LV) filling was modified with a lower early filling, in hypoxia and hyperoxia, because of a decreased LV preload. Arterial tone was unchanged in hypoxia, but there was an marked arterial vasoconstriction in hyperoxia. However, we could not conclude weither it was pathological or adapted to the increased arterial content. At least, in hypobaric experiments, we demonstrated that the detection of circulating bubbles, using echocardiography and Doppler, could improve the security procedure, using individual procedures
Cappelaere, Charles-Henri. "Estimation du risque de mort subite par arrêt cardiaque à l'aide de méthodes d'apprentissage artificiel." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00939082.
Full textSeoudi, Islam. "Conception et optimisation de système multi-électrodes pour les implants cardiaques." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0027/document.
Full textCardiac implants like ICD are life saving devices for cardiac arrhythmias. In other conditions like heart failure, CRT implants are prescribed to restore the heart rhythm. Such treatment consists of the delivery of electrical stimuli to the cardiac tissue via electrodes in the stimulation lead. Conventionally the stimulation lead come either in unipolar or bipolar configuration which have been found to be sufficient for pacing the right atrium and right ventricle, studies have shown the benefits of a multi-electrode system for pacing left ventricle essential for cardiac resynchronization. This thesis discusses the design and optimization of a multi-electrode system capable of alleviating the limitations and constraints related to left ventricular stimulation. We first present implementation of such system that was taped out in 0.18 µm technology. The chip also features a specially designed communication protocol which enables low power operation and quick configuration. Thereafter we present the design and implementation of a default connection unit to ensure the compatibility of our multi-electrode lead with in the market. This unit was taped out in 0.18 µm technology. Finally we present a proof of concept study for the adaptation and integration of non-volatile memory technologies within the multi-electrode system. The employment of such technologies enhanced our multi-electrode system by eliminating the repetitive configuration of electrodes, thereby saving power and reducing latency. This also included smaller area and compatibility with any pacemaker in the market. Through simulations we proved the feasibility of these technologies for our implant applications
Hérault, Stéphane. "Adaptations du système cardio-vasculaire en microgravité réelle et simulée : influences d'une contre-mesure : les bracelets." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR3305.
Full textGaudet, Jeffry. "Le système nerveux autonome et les fonctions cognitives comme médiateurs potentiels de l'association entre la maladie cardiovasculaire et la performance de conduite." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6304.
Full textAlsaid, Hasan. "Développements méthodologiques pour l’imagerie moléculaire dans le système cardiovasculaire et les noyaux polarisés par Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10021.
Full textThe research in Magnetic Resonance Imaging combining the proton molecular imaging and the hyperpolarized gases (helium-3) imaging is a promising way in the field of the cardiovascular and lung applications. In this context, the subjects of this thesis were to develop the instrumentations and to set up sequences and MR protocols dedicated to the small animal (mice) imaging for non-invasive longitudinal studies of the chronic cardiovascular and lung pathologies. The first chapter is dedicated to the vascular pathologies and the state of art of the knowledge of the MR contrast agents in cardiovascular and lung imaging. The second chapter is dedicated to the molecular imaging of the atherosclerosis plaque to evaluate new contrast agents: 1) non-specific, ex-vivo with a multi-spectral analysis of the atherosclerosis plaque components on human coronary arteries. 2) Specific, to asses the arterial wall inflammation in-vivo in ApoE-/- mice by targeting P-selectin (adhesion molecule expressed in an early stage of the pathology and atherothrombosis). In the third chapter, the real-time cardio-respiratory gating is described which was developed: 1) to study contrast agents of the atherosclerosis plaque in mice at the level of the aortic root and the carotids origin where atherosclerosis predominantly develops. 2) to enable non invasive evaluation of cardiac modifications induced by endurance exercise training in mice. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the pulmonary pathologies and the MRI with the hyperpolarized helium-3 to set up the ventilation lung imaging protocol under spontaneous mouse breathing conditions with fast MR sequences. The administration of the gas was accomplished by a mask allowing a non-invasive approach which is adapted to the longitudinal studies in mouse
De, Andrade Martins Thales. "Caractérisation de la préparation de SNEDDS d'ipriflavone, effets sur le système cardiovasculaire et sur la viabilité cellulaire." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT065.
Full textThe term natural menopause is defined as the permanent cessation of menstruation resulting from the loss of ovarian follicular activity. Estrogen deficiency following menopause can lead to potentially pathogenic consequences such as osteoporosis, female sexual dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CAD) risk, directly affecting women quality of life. Phytoestrogens have been reported to reduce incidence risk of breast and prostate cancers, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and also lower cholesterol. Ipriflavone (IP), a derivative of naturally occurring isoflavone, has been used in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis but, although IP has great therapeutic potential, the oral bioavailability is low due to its high lipophilicity, which limits oral absorption. In this study, a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) was used to load IP and the in vitro effects on cell viability were evaluated. After dilution in water, simulated gastric fluid, simulated enteric fluid or PBS, blank SNEDDS generate nanoemulsion droplets with small mean diameter, 235, 279, 1024, 210 nm, respectively and low polydispersity (PdI) indexes in water. When loading 1000 µM IP, the emulsified preparation presented, in the same order, small mean diameter of 257, 104, 866, 144 nm, which may facilitate cell uptake and possibly IP oral absorption. Cytotoxic and inhibitory concentrations for 50% of normal and cancer cells, CC50 and IC50 respectively, were determined after 24 and 96 h of treatment with IP (0.35 - 1000 µM). Ovariectomy, induced menopausal rat model, increased blood pressure (BP) with strong effect on diastolic parameter. The vasorelaxant effects of acetylcholine and of NO-donor SNP on aorta were attenuated in Ovx, in line with a reduction of NO bioavailability. There was no significant effect on cardiac morphology and systolic function evaluated by echocardiography but an increase in the Isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) reflecting impaired diastolic function associated to Ovx-induced hypertension. Ovariectomy increased contraction of cardiomyocytes and impaired Ca2+ cycling with promotion of pro-arrhythmogenic Ca2+ events. Ipriflavone had intrinsic effects on different parameters in Sham-IP and/or Ovx-IP rats. Despite a lack of effect on BP, IP thickened the aortic wall, altered vasorelaxant responses, decreased NO bioavailability, and increased ejection fraction and IVRT in the heart. Ipriflavone also impacted single cell contraction and Ca2+ handling. Ipriflavone did not reverse effects of Ovx on BP, aortic wall remodeling, vasorelaxant properties, cardiac IVRT, but attenuated Ovx effects on resting SL, cardiomyocyte contraction and proarythmogéniques Ca2+ events. In conclusion, ipriflavone had mixed cardiovascular effects after ovariectomy in rats, principally due to intrinsic actions
Boulos, Majida. "Étude numérique du comportement mécanique d'une structure ovoïde en matériau actif et fibreux : application au système cardiovasculaire." Paris 12, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA120033.
Full textGole, Yoann. "Système neurovégétatif et plongée : aspects cardio-vasculaires." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20675.
Full textDuring a dive, subjects undergo environmental stressors such as immersion, cold exposure, increased ambient pressure, hyperoxia and physical exercise. All these stressors may be responsible for changes in cardiovascular system and consequently modified autonomic nervous control. The aim of this work was to assess physiological changes induced by diving to better understand injuries reported during this activity. Investigations were performed in professional divers (military mine clearance divers and elite military oxygen divers). Autonomic nervous activity was assessed by power spectral density of heart rate variability (cardiac control) and blood pressure variability (vasomotor control). Hemodynamic changes were assessed by 2-Dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Arterial wall compliance was estimated by pulse wave analysis. Heart rate increased during the two first hours of total thermoneutral water immersion without significant changes in power spectral density of heart rate variability. This increase might be attributed to artificial ventilation (SCUBA) and peripheral circulatory changes. Dehydration induced by 6-hours of water immersion involved plasmatic, interstitial and intracellular compartments. Post-water immersion dehydration was iso-osmotic i. E. The thirst sensation was weak. Consequently, marked hemodynamic changes had not returned to baseline 16-hours after water immersion. In healthy young adults, normobaric hyperoxia didn’t affect blood pressure but induced an increase in systemic vascular resistances. Sympathetic nervous activity to vasomotor control was decreased during hyperoxia and these changes persisted 10 minutes after the return to ambient air. Heart rate returned to baseline (inferior to 5 minutes) before stoke volume and cardiac output correction (30 minutes). The decrease in heart rate was attributed to an increase in parasympathetic nervous activity. On the other hand, an increase in sympathetic activity was observed during 30 minutes after the end of hyperoxic exposure. These results were in accordance with two distinct phenomena of hyperoxia, one peripheral (local control) and other one central (cardiac autonomic nervous control and myocardial alterations). Several studies have described cardiovascular changes-induced by an acute dive. Given that cardiovascular long-term effects of repeated dives have been suggested, we carried out cardiovascular investigations on professional divers. Military mine clearance divers performed intensive diving training. An increase in arterial compliance was observed and has been attributed to the physical endurance training experienced by military divers. Moreover, some peripheral vascular acclimatization to cold was developed. Military oxygen divers were exposed to daily hyperoxia. We hypothesized long term vascular alterations in this population. However, comparative study with a well-matched control group showed no sign of vascular alteration. In summary, diving activity-induced important cardiovascular changes. Autonomic nervous activity was also modified. However, no long-term cardiovascular alteration was found in well trained military divers
Guerreschi, Emmanuelle. "Contribution à l'Appréhension du Système Cardiovasculaire Modélisation et Traitement de Signaux issus de la Macrocirculation et de la Microcirculation sanguines." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961533.
Full textKornelik, Serguei Eugenievitch. "Analyse paramétrique de modèles mécaniques de composants du système cardiovasculaire : ventricule gauche, anévrisme vasculaire et dynamique d'un globule soumis à champ magnétique." Paris 12, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA120058.
Full textWe proceed to the modeling and the analysis of fluid-wall interactions phenomena in deformable cavities and tubes. The model is used to study the dynamical behaviour of non linear oscillatory coupled systems such as those encountered in the cardiovascular physiology. Our analysis describes the behaviour of the system according to its characteristic parameters. A dimensional analysis involving the set of coupled equations describing the dynamics of both the incompressible fluid and the wall material is performed. We show that such a behaviour can be characterjzed by a set of dirnensionless dynamical and geornetrical parameters. The equations are then solved by using a time-staggered scheme which aliows to separately integrate the equations describing the structure mechanics and the fluid dynan1ics during each time step. . The fluid part is discretized by a finite difference method with an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation whereas the structure part including motion of the envelope by a Runge-Kutta method. For an harmonic excitation in pressure, it is shown that after a transient period oftime, the response n flow rate of the system is both anharmonic and periodic, with a fundamental frequency equal to that of the excitation. Using an approximation ofthe damping force associated with the viscous effects, we complete this study by showing how the systen1 of equation can be decoupled. A generalization of the model to the case of the aneurysrn, from one part, and to the convection of charged particle in the hydrodynamical field associated with a magnetic field, on the other, has been also undertaken
Baruteau, Alban-Elouen. "Bases génétiques et moléculaires du bloc atrio-ventriculaire diagnostiqué in utero et au cours de l'enfance." Nantes, 2016. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=f085b6ea-1486-426e-90d7-3b694b2c41da.
Full textAtrioventricular block (AVB) is a rare disorder. Genetic basis of inherited AVB remain incompletely understood. To better characterize the physiopathology of inherited AVB in children, we conducted various projects focused on AVB (1) isolated non-immune; (2) SCN5A associated; (3) associated with congenital heart disease. A study on 141 children affected by an idiopathic AVB, 130 parents and 130 matched controls, strongly supporting the hypothesis of an inheritable trait. A candidate gene approach identified mutations in GJA5, SCN5A, SCN1B, NKX2. 5 and TRPM4 genes. Trios analysis identified 19 de novo variants and 2630 compound heterozygous variants (ongoing analysis). In another project, we studied genotype-phenotype correlations on 439 SCN5A mutation carriers children. Conduction disorders were associated with truncation mutations and mutations localized in the transmembrane region. AVB was predictor of sudden death throughout follow-up. We shown in a 47 NKX2. 5 mutation-positive patients series that, if phenotypic spectrum is dominated by septal defects and conduction abnormalities, patients are also exposed to high-grade AVB, dilated cardiomyopathy and sudden death. Lastly, a 64-institutions research project was started to assess characteristics of AVB associated with atrioventricular discordance. A better understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying pediatric AVB and their genotype-phenotype correlations will help to improve patients' management
Teyssier, Georges. "Étude du système cardiovasculaire par les ultrasons chez l'ovin foetus et nouveau-né : validation des données morphologiques et doppler : application à l'étude de la circulation transitionnelle et à un modèle d'hypoxie ftale." Saint-Etienne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STET4015.
Full textJouan, Marie-Gabrielle. "Protection du système cardiovasculaire au cours des phases aiguë et chronique de la reperfusion post-ischémique : hème-oxygénase-1 et resvératrol." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10279.
Full textThe present report refers to the study of the mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular protection during the acute and chronic phases of post-myocardial infarction in the rat. The tirst step of 0 study has consisted in the evaluation of the effects of resveratrol (RSV) on the induction of Hemoxygenase-l cardiac expression in the rat. Our results show that an oral chronic pretreatment witl RSV (4mg/kg/day; 4 weeks) improves, although unsignificantly, a11 hemodynamic variables assessej during post-ischemic reperfusion of isolated perfused hearts. Converse1y, no induction of HO-: expression was made obvious in cardiac tissues after the treatment with RSV. Ln the second part 0 our study, we have investigated the effects of HO-l inhibition (ZnPPIX) during the acute phase 0 cardiac post-ischemic reperfusion in an in vivo model oftemporary left coronary artery ligation in th~ rat. Under our experimental conditions, HO-l inhibition worsened post-ischemic endothelia dysfunction, and altered left ventricular passive compliance assessed ex vivo 7 days after surgery. Il the last part of our study, we have demonstrated that HO-l inhibition (SnMP) during the early phasl after myocardial infarction in our experimental in vivo model, reduces cardiac performances durinJ the subsequent development of heart failure, and significantly deteriorates left ventricular passivi compliance. Ln contrast, a chronic 8 week pretreatment with resveratrol considerably improves thesl pathophysiological manifestations
Piquet, Lydie. "Etude par effet Doppler ultrasonore de la circulation musculaire à l'effort chez des sujets sains et pathologiques : application chez 419 sujets normaux ou porteurs de pathologies." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR3303.
Full textMekontso, Dessap Armand. "Sérotonine et pathologie cardiovasculaire : implication dans les valvulopathies cardiaques, la maladie coronaire et le remodelage vasculaire." Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0046.
Full textSerotonin (5-HT) may play a key role in the cardiovascular system, with vasoactive, proliferative and trophic properties. We aimed at studying its implication in cardiac valve disease, coronary artery disease, and vascular remodelling of coronary grafts. 5-HT overproduction and reduced inactivation are possible mechanisms responsible for cardiac valvular disease in patients with carcinoid tumors and those treated with appetite suppressants, respectively. We found that deficiency of the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT, which is responsible for 5-HT uptake) gene leads to cardiac fibrosis and valvulopathy in mice. Although 5-HT1B receptors mediated the 5-HT-induced collagen secretion by human cardiac myofibroblasts, the contribution of this receptor type to valvulopathy was ruled out because double-KO mice deficient in both 5-HTT and 5-HT1B receptors showed the same cardiac alterations as 5-HTT-KO mice. 5-HTT may also mediate the effects of the high blood serotonin levels seen in patients with premature coronary artery disease (CAD), along with 5-HT2A receptor. We prospectively evaluated associations linking functional polymorphisms of 5-HTT (L/S) and 5-HT2A (C/T) to the risk and severity of premature versus late-onset CAD in a total of 830 individuals. The L allele was an independent risk factor for premature CAD (but not late-onset CAD). 5-HT2A genotypes were not associated with CAD and neither 5-HTT nor 5-HT2A genotypes were associated with clinical restenosis. Late graft occlusions after coronary artery bypass grafting have been ascribed to vascular remodelling with neointimal hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells (SMC), which is mediated by various growth factors including 5-HT. We found that the ex vivo vascular-wall remodelling in organ cultures, as well as SMC proliferation and migration in response to fetal calf serum were significantly higher for saphenous vein rings than for radial artery and internal thoracic artery rings. These differences might shed light on reported dissimilar angiographic patency rates of these coronary grafts
Fritsch, Samuel. "Rôles des récepteurs PTH des peptides dérivés de l'hormone parathyroi͏̈dienne dans l'homéostasie des systèmes cardiovasculaire et rénal." Strasbourg 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13082.
Full textPicard, Pierre. "Participation des tachykinines et de leurs récepteurs dans la régulation centrale du système cardiovasculaire et de l'activité comportementale chez le rat éveillé." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ33072.pdf.
Full textArtigues-Varin, Cécile. "Impacts vasculaires de l'hypertension arterielle expérimentale et de son traitement." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA11T033.
Full textMost anti-hypertensive drugs may act directly on vascular cells, with a direct vasodilator or an anti-vasoconstrictor effect. However two anti-hypertensive drugs categories are not mainly characterized by their direct effect on the vascular cell; the α2-agonists (central mechanism of action) and diuretics (renal mechanism of action). Our first study shows that all the α2 -ligands, agonists or antagonists, interfere with the α1-adrenergic-mediator agonists vasoconstrictor effects. In Dahl rats, our results show that indapamide, contrary to hydrochlorothiazide, exerts a direct anti-vasoconstrictor effect, with mechanism similar to that ofnitric oxide (NO). Such direct vascular effect of anti-hypertensive drugs is not restricted to inhibitory effects on smooth muscle contraction. While their structural effects (reduction of hypertrophy and fibrosis) have been known for a long time, it is only recently that endothelial protection was recognized to be significant in arterial hypertension. Our experiments in two-kidney, one clip rats show that such renovascular hypertension does not affect basal release of NO or oxidative stress. This is not in favour of a direct relation between the level of activation of the reninangiotensin system and the oxidative-stress-induced endothelial dysfunction in hypertension. Finally the existence of endothelial dysfunction in hypertension is today clearly admit but the long term consequences in this dysfunction are still unclear, particularly in conduct arteries which do not contribute to the regulation of vascular resistances. Our Dahl rats’ results show that hypertension is accompanied by an increase in monocytes adhesion on endothelial cells which could participate to the increase in cardiovascular disease associate with hypertension
Chalaye, Philippe. "Les mécanismes de modulation de la douleur et le système nerveux autonome chez des personnes en bonne santé et chez des femmes souffrant de fybromyalgie." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6227.
Full textMauranyapin, Lydie. "Etude des fonctions pulmonaires et cardiaques drépanocytaires adultes en phase intercritique : A propos de 41 observations." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN11164.
Full textBuchheit, Martin. "Répercussions de l'activité physique sur la variabilité cardiaque au cours de la veille et du sommeil." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13147.
Full textWe have investigated the effect on cardiac autonomic control, as inferred from heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, of regular physical activity, evaluated by accelerometry and questionnaires. First, we have demonstrated the importance of appropriate electrocardiophic recording conditions. We rejected measurements during exercise, proposed standardized quiet wake periods, and underlined the interest of quiet sleep periods, which offer optimal condition required for HRV analysis, as they are associated with regular respiratory patterns and the absence of any body movement that could confound autonomic control evaluation. Secondly, we have evaluated the associations between physical activity quantity and intensity and HRV in children, young adults and elderly. Our results showed that moderate energy expenditure is sufficient to observe higher vagal-related indexes, but that at least moderate intensities are required. However, very high energy expenditure, even in the absence of stress or any stressful stimuli, is associated with similar HRV indexes than those displayed by sedentary subjects. Although further investigations are warranted to explain these results and to objective the specific effects of each physical activity intensity range, our studies lend support to guidelines that propose moderate but not too high training load for promoting health and preventing cardiovascular. The pertinence of the use of HRV indexes should be further documented in field studies and in pathological conditions, and the relevance of quiet sleep as an optimal time of observation for discriminating sympathovagal balance has to be confirmed in various conditions and populations