Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 July 2021
Last updated: 20 April 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"

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Escaned, Javier, Farouc A. Jaffer, Julinda Mehilli, and Roxana Mehran. "The year in cardiovascular medicine 2021: interventional cardiology." European Heart Journal 43, no. 5 (January 3, 2022): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab884.

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Abstract Since last year’s report in the European Heart Journal, we have witnessed substantial progress in all aspects of interventional cardiology. Of note, the practice of interventional cardiology took place amidst successive waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, which continues to be a major burden for all healthcare professionals around the globe. In our yearly review, we shall revisit the developments in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), structural heart interventions, and adjunctive pharmacotherapy.
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Balderrama, Priscila, Josué Souza Gleriano, Silvia Helena Henriques, Janise Braga Barros Ferreira, Larissa Roberta Alves, and Lucieli Dias Pedreschi Chaves. "Gestão em saúde: avaliação do acesso ao sistema regional." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 13, no. 4 (April 19, 2019): 933. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v13i4a236966p933-942-2019.

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RESUMOObjetivo: avaliar o acesso ao sistema regional de saúde a partir das ações de atenção aos agravos cardiovasculares. Método: trata-se de um estudo misto, descritivo. Coletaram-se dados a partir dos Sistemas de Informação Ambulatorial e Hospitalar do SUS, armazenados em planilhas Microsoft Excel e analisados utilizando-se estatística descritiva. Posteriormente, selecionaram-se 41 participanetes (gestores e reguladores) para responderem um questionário semiestruturado sobre acesso em cardiologia na rede regional. Optou-se pela Análise Temática de Conteúdo para análise dos dados qualitativos. Resultados: registrou-se o incremento da produção de consultas e exames, indicando a ampliação da oferta de serviços, a redução das internações clínicas e o crescimento das internações cirúrgicas em Cardiologia. Revelaram-se, em entrevistas, aspectos da organização da atenção no sistema regional que favorecem o acesso à atenção integral em Cardiologia. Conclusão: conclui-se que houve uma melhoria do acesso à atenção cardiovascular. Aponta-se que a coordenação do cuidado e a melhoria da resolubilidade da Atenção Básica favorecem o acesso à saúde, que também requer a implantação de estruturas sólidas de gestão, envolvendo planejamento, controle, regulação e avaliação. Descritores: Acesso aos Serviços de Saúde; Avaliação em Saúde; Doenças Cardiovasculares; Gestão em Saúde; Planejamento em Saúde; Regionalização.ABSTRACTObjective: to evaluate the access to the regional health system from the actions of attention to cardiovascular diseases. Method: this is a mixed, descriptive study. Data were collected from UHS Ambulatory and Hospital Information Systems, stored in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Subsequently, 41 participanetes (managers and regulators) were selected to answer a semi-structured questionnaire about access in cardiology in the regional network. The Thematic Content Analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Results: there was an increase in the production of consultations and examinations, indicating the expansion of the service offer, the reduction of clinical hospitalizations and the increase of surgical hospitalizations in Cardiology. In interviews, aspects of the organization of care in the regional system that favor access to comprehensive care in Cardiology were revealed. Conclusion: it was concluded that there was an improvement in access to cardiovascular care. It is pointed out that the coordination of care and the improvement of the resolubility of Primary Care favor access to health, which also requires the implementation of solid management structures, involving planning, control, regulation and evaluation. Descriptors: Access to Health Services; Health Evaluation; Cardiovascular diseases; Health Management; Health Planning; Regionalization.RESUMENObjetivo: evaluar el acceso al sistema regional de salud a partir de las acciones de atención a los agravios cardiovasculares. Método: se trata de un estudio mixto, descriptivo. Se recolectó datos a partir de los Sistemas de Información Ambulatoria y Hospitalaria del SUS, almacenados en hojas de cálculo de Microsoft Excel y analizados utilizando estadística descriptiva. Posteriormente, se seleccionaron 41 participantes (gestores y reguladores) para responder un cuestionario semiestructurado sobre acceso en cardiología en la red regional. Se optó por el Análisis Temático de Contenido para el análisis de los datos cualitativos. Resultados: se registró el incremento de la producción de consultas y exámenes, indicando la ampliación de la oferta de servicios, la reducción de las internaciones clínicas y el crecimiento de las internaciones quirúrgicas en Cardiología. Se revelaron, en entrevistas, aspectos de la organización de la atención en el sistema regional que favorecen el acceso a la atención integral en Cardiología. Conclusion: se concluye que hubo una mejora del acceso a la atención cardiovascular. Se señala que la coordinación del cuidado y la mejora de la resolución de la Atención Básica favorecen el acceso a la salud, que también requiere la implantación de estructuras sólidas de gestión, involucrando planificación, control, regulación y evaluación. Descriptores: Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud; Evaluación en Salud; Enfermedades Cardiovasculares; Gestión en Salud; Planificación en Salud; Regionalización.
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Dolgova, E. V., N. A. Bodunova, A. I. Khavkin, and M. M. Litvinova. "Utility of personalized medicine in cardiology practice." Voprosy praktičeskoj pediatrii 18, no. 2 (2023): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2023-2-65-75.

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Significant changes have taken place in cardiology over the past 15 years within the framework of a personalized approach to the management of patients with cardiovascular diseases. This review provides up-to-date information on the genetic aspects of the development of various cardiovascular diseases, including heart and vascular malformations, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, thrombosis, and some others. In the current paper cardiovascular pathologies are divided according to the etiological principle into the chromosomal, monogenic and polygenic diseases. The problems of introducing intensively developing genetic technologies and medical genetic counseling into the practice of cardiologists, as well as the appropriate and rational usage and interpretation of genetic tests, remain actual issue. The necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in the management of cardiological patients with close cooperation of a cardiologist and a clinical geneticist is shown. Key words: cardiogenetics, hereditary diseases, cardiology, cardiovascular diseases, chromosomal diseases, gene diseases, congenital heart defects, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, arterial hypertension, thrombosis, personalized medicine, mutations, polymorphisms
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Escaned, Javier, Farouc A. Jaffer, Julinda Mehilli, and Roxana Mehran. "The year in cardiovascular medicine 2021: interventional cardiology." Cardiologia Croatica 17, no. 3-4 (April 2022): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15836/ccar2022.59.

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Medrano-Lopez, Constancio, and Jean-Claude Fouron. "Fetal Cardiology, the Frontier of Pediatric Cardiovascular Medicine." Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) 65, no. 8 (August 2012): 700–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2012.03.015.

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Shapiro, Michael D., David J. Maron, Pamela B. Morris, Mikhail Kosiborod, Pratik B. Sandesara, Salim S. Virani, Amit Khera, et al. "Preventive Cardiology as a Subspecialty of Cardiovascular Medicine." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 74, no. 15 (October 2019): 1926–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.08.1016.

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Lourida, Katerina G., and George E. Louridas. "Constraints in Clinical Cardiology and Personalized Medicine: Interrelated Concepts in Clinical Cardiology." Cardiogenetics 11, no. 2 (May 10, 2021): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cardiogenetics11020007.

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Systems biology is established as an integrative computational analysis methodology with practical and theoretical applications in clinical cardiology. The integration of genetic and molecular components of a disease produces interacting networks, modules and phenotypes with clinical applications in complex cardiovascular entities. With the holistic principle of systems biology, some of the features of complexity and natural progression of cardiac diseases are approached and explained. Two important interrelated holistic concepts of systems biology are described; the emerging field of personalized medicine and the constraint-based thinking with downward causation. Constraints in cardiovascular diseases embrace three scientific fields related to clinical cardiology: biological and medical constraints; constraints due to limitations of current technology; and constraints of general resources for better medical coverage. Systems healthcare and personalized medicine are connected to the related scientific fields of: ethics and legal status; data integration; taxonomic revisions; policy decisions; and organization of human genomic data.
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Sheth, Mohit. "INVASIVE CARDIOLOGY: CARDIOVASCULAR CLINIC." Chest 89, no. 3 (March 1986): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-3692(16)61863-9.

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Mehta, Anurag, Devinder S. Dhindsa, and Pratik B. Sandesara. "Enhancing Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine Training During General Cardiology Fellowship." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 74, no. 12 (September 2019): 1637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.08.008.

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Bauer, Adrian, Christoph Benk, Holger Thiele, Johann Bauersachs, Sven Dittrich, Ingo Dähnert, Uwe Schirmer, et al. "Qualification, knowledge, tasks and responsibilities of the clinical perfusionist in Germany." Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 30, no. 5 (February 7, 2020): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivaa005.

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Abstract Consensus paper of the German Society of Cardiovascular Engineering, the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the German Society of Cardiology, the German Society of Pediatric Cardiology, the German Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, the German Interdisciplinary Association of Intensive Care Medicine and Emergency Medicine and the German Society of Medical Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"

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Andersson, Jonas. "Inflammation and lifestyle in cardiovascular medicine." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Medicin, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-36221.

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Despite major advances in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis the last several decades, cardiovascular disease still accounts for the majority of deaths in Sweden. With the population getting older, more obese and with rising numbers of diabetics, the cardiovascular disease burden may increase further in the future. The focus in cardiovascular disease has shifted with time from calcification and narrowing of arteries to the biological processes within the atherosclerotic plaque. C-reactive protein (CRP) has emerged as one of many proteins that reflect a low grade systemic inflammation and is suitable for analysis as it is more stable and easily measured than most other inflammatory markers. Several large prospective studies have shown that CRP is not only an inflammatory marker, but even a predictive marker for cardiovascular disease. C-reactive protein is associated with several other risk factors for cardiovascular disease including obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Our study of twenty healthy men during a two week endurance cross country skiing tour demonstrated a decline in already low baseline CRP levels immediately after the tour and six weeks later. In a study of 200 obese individuals with impaired glucose tolerance randomised to a counselling session at their health care centre or a one month stay at a wellness centre, we found decreased levels of CRP in subjects admitted to the wellness centre. The effect remained at one, but not after three years of follow-up. In a prospective, nested, case-referent study with 308 ischemic strokes, 61 intracerebral haemorrhages and 735 matched referents, CRP was associated with ischemic stroke in both uni- and multivariate analyses. No association was found with intracerebral haemorrhages. When classifying ischemic stroke according to TOAST criteria, CRP was associated with small vessel disease. The CRP 1444 (CC/CT vs. TT) polymorphism was associated with plasma levels of CRP, but neither with ischemic stroke nor with intracerebral haemorrhage. A study on 129 patients with atrial fibrillation was used to evaluate whether inflammation sensitive fibrinolytic variables adjusted for CRP could predict recurrence of atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversion. In multivariate iv models, lower PAI-1 mass was associated with sinus rhythm even after adjusting for CRP and markers of the metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, lifestyle intervention can be used to reduce CRP levels, but it remains a challenge to maintain this effect. CRP is a marker of ischemic stroke, but there are no significant associations between the CRP1444 polymorphism and any stroke subtype, suggesting that the CRP relationship with ischemic stroke is not causal. The fibrinolytic variable, PAI-1, is associated with the risk of recurrence of atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversion after adjustment for CRP. Our findings suggest a pathophysiological link between atrial fibrillation and PAI-1, but the relation to inflammation remains unclear.
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Tamagnini, Elisabete Joyce Galhardo. "A psicodinâmica do paciente cardiopata: contribuições da psicanálise à cardiologia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47133/tde-27112014-163132/.

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Doenças cardiovasculares representam a principal causa de morte no mundo. É legítima a associação existente entre doenças cardiovasculares e eventos emocionais. Processos psíquicos podem ser desencadeados na DCV, provocando evolução desfavorável tanto dos sintomas afetivos quanto da doença clínica: promovem menor aderência às orientações terapêuticas e aumentam índices de morbi-mortalidade. Pacientes portadores de insuficiência cardíaca (IC) avançada, Classe Funcional (CF) III ou IV (NYHA) com sintomas graves, sem alternativa para tratamento clínico e com pior prognóstico são indicados ao transplante cardíaco (TC). A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal investigar a dinâmica psíquica envolvida nos diferentes estágios de DCV (especialmente de IC), identificando as particularidades psicodinâmicas encontradas em relação a pacientes que não apresentaram evidência da doença e avaliando a natureza das relações objetais e das fantasias inconscientes nas diferentes classes funcionais (NYHA). Método: estudo clínico, qualitativo, com delineamento observacional. Participantes: N=40, subdivididos em grupos: A) DCV não evidente / B) CF I ou II / C) CF III ou IV não - indicados ao TC / D) CF III ou IV indicados ao TC. Instrumentos: 1 entrevista clínica e Escala de Avaliação Global do Funcionamento AGF / DSM IV; 2 Teste de Relações Objetais de Phillipson TRO. Lâminas: A1(1), B3(4), AG(5), BG(10), C2(11) e Branca(13). Procedimento: amostra por conveniência e aplicação dos instrumentos individualmente. A teoria psicanalítica das relações objetais de Melanie Klein orientou o desenvolvimento do estudo e serviu de base para a análise do material. Resultados: fantasias inconscientes e processos psíquicos arcaicos podem ser encontrados em todos os estágios da DCV, porém, os grupos mais avançados de DCV, apresentaram aspectos psicossomáticos expressivos, relações objetais e fantasias inconscientes provenientes das fases arcaicas do desenvolvimento, esquizoparanóide e viscocárica. No grupo D, a frequência de relações de objeto da fase viscocárica foi mais expressiva, além de evidenciarem fantasias inconscientes específicas ligadas ao TC, como fantasias de mutilação. A avaliação psicanalítica foi fundamental para a compreensão da psicodinâmica do paciente cardiopata e identificou os FR psicossociais envolvidos no processo saúde doença, sugerindo atenção especial da equipe multidisciplinar e instauração imediata de psicoterapia para determinados grupos. A intervenção psicanalítica visa redução dos sintomas e promoção de saúde mental / psíquica: preserva o autocuidado, estimula o cumprimento das orientações de equipe e de protocolo, reforça a adesão ao tratamento. O controle dos FR observados pode determinar um prognóstico favorável quando considerado no tratamento dos pacientes cardiopatas
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause death worldwide. There is a clear association between cardiovascular disease and emotional events. Psychic processes can happen in CVD, causing unfavorable evolution of affective symptoms and clinical disease: resulting in lower adherence to medical guidelines and higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Patients with advanced heart failure (HF), in NYHA functional class III or IV with severe symptoms, no alternative to clinical treatment and a worse prognosis are listed for heart transplantation (HT). The main objective was investigate the psychodynamics at different stages of CVD (mainly in HF), identifying the psychodynamic characteristics found in relation to patients without evidence of disease and assessing the nature of object relations and unconscious fantasies in different functional classes (NYHA). Method: Clinical, qualitative and observational study design. Participants: N = 40, in groups: A) patients without cardiovascular disease / B) functional class I or II / C) functional class III or IV not listed for HT / functional class III or IV with indications for HT. Instruments: 1 clinical interview and assessment of global functioning / GAF DSM IV, 2 Object Relations Test (ORT) by Phillipson - A1(1), B3(4), AG(5), BG(10), C2(11), White (13). Procedure: convenience sample and individual application. The object relations theory of Melanie Klein guided the development of the study and analysis of the material. Results: unconscious fantasies and psychic processes archaic can be found in all stages of CVD, however, the most advanced CVD groups showed significant psychosomatic aspects, object relations and unconscious fantasies from very archaic development phases._ In group D, the frequency of object relations of viscumcarica position was more expressive and showed specific unconscious fantasies in relation to HT, as the fantasies of mutilation._ The psychoanalytic review was essential to understanding the cardiac patients psychodynamics and identified psychosocial risk factors (RF) involved in the health - disease process, suggesting special attention of the multidisciplinary team and immediate psychotherapy for some groups. Psychoanalytic intervention reduces symptoms and promotes mental health: improves self-care, execution of team guidelines and protocol and treatment adherence. The control some risk factors can determine a favorable prognosis when considered in the treatment of cardiac patients
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Resende, Marcelo de Aquino. "Avaliação do nível de atividade física, do nível de condicionamento cardio-respiratório e do risco cardiovascular em estudantes de medicina e educação física." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2007. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3722.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Recent studies indicate a strong association among physical inactivity, low level of cardio-respiratory fitness and the presence of cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes and obesity. Medicine and Physical Education students are involved in the field of health rehabilitation, promotion and conservation, being physical activity a priority intervention to achieve this goal. However, little is known about the adoption of physical activity as part of the life style of Medicine and Physical Education students. The main goal of this paper is to compare the level of physical activity, the level of cardio-respiratory fitness and the cardiovascular risk in students of Medicine and Physical Education. The data collection took place at the Physical Education Department at the Federal University of Sergipe. In a first stage, the IPAQ questionnaire was applied to quantify the amount of physical activity in 126 students from the 7th and 8th periods of Medicine and Physical Education courses. In a second stage, 40 students were randomly selected, 20 from each course, to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors and cardio-respiratory fitness. We measured (a) blood pressure; (b) body mass index (BMI); (c) fat percentage (electrical bioimpedance); (d) waist circumference (WC); (e) biochemical lab tests and (f) cardio-respiratory fitness (Kline test). Comparing Medicine students versus Physical Education students, we noticed a higher frequency of subjects presenting: low level of physical activity (55 vs 15%; p=0,008); pre-high blood pressure by SBP (80 vs 25%; p=0,000) and by DBP (45 vs 5%; p=0,003); overweight (50 vs 10%; p=0,006); waist circumference (25 vs 0%; p=0,017); elevated total cholesterol (165±28 vs 142±28mg/dL; p=0,015); high LDLc (99±27 vs 81±23 mg/dL; p=0,026); high glycemia (81±8 vs 75±7 mg/dL; p=0,013); lower cardio-respiratory fitness (48±8 vs 56±7 L.min.-1; p=0,001). Even though the knowledge that practicing physical activities is an important preventive intervention for cardiovascular diseases, students of Medicine display a smaller amount of physical activities practice, lower level of cardio-respiratory fitness and, most importantly, higher frequency of cardiovascular risk, compared to those of Physical Education.
Estudos recentes indicam forte associação entre inatividade física, baixo nível de condicionamento cardio-respiratório e presença de fatores de risco cardiovascular como hipertensão arterial, diabetes e obesidade. O ensino da Medicina e da Educação Física está fundamentado com o campo da conservação, promoção e reabilitação da saúde, sendo a atividade física uma intervenção prioritária para este fim. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre a adoção da atividade física como parte do estilo de vida dos estudantes de Medicina e Educação Física. O objetivo principal do presente trabalho foi de comparar o nível de atividade física, o nível de condicionamento cardio-respiratório e o risco cardiovascular entre estudantes de Medicina e de Educação Física. A coleta de dados foi realizada no departamento de Educação Física da Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Em uma primeira etapa aplicou-se questionário IPAQ para quantificar atividade física em 126 alunos dos 7os e 8os períodos dos cursos de Educação Física e Medicina. Em uma segunda etapa, selecionou-se por intermédio de randomização, 40 alunos, 20 de cada curso, para avaliação de fatores de risco cardiovascular e avaliação do condicionamento cardio-respiratório. Foram mensurados: (a) pressão arterial; (b) índice de massa corpórea (IMC); (c) % de gordura (bioimpedância elétrica); (d) circunferência de cintura (CC), (e) testes bioquímicos laboratoriais e (f) condicionamento cardio-respiratório (Teste de Kline). Comparando-se estudantes de Medicina vs Educação Física foi observado maior freqüência de indivíduos apresentando: baixo nível de atividade física (55 vs 15%; p=0,008); pré-hipertensão pela PAS (80 vs 25%; p=0,000) e pela PAD (45 vs 5%; p=0,003); sobrepeso (50 vs 10%; p=0,006); circunferência de cintura (25 vs 0%; p=0,017); colesterol total elevado (165±28 vs 142±28 mg/dL; p=0,015); LDLc elevado (99±27 vs 81±23 mg/dL; p=0,026); glicemia elevada (81±8 vs 75±7 mg/dL; p=0,013); menor condicionamento cardio-respiratório (48±8 vs 56±7 ml/Kg/min; p=0,001). Apesar do conhecimento de que a prática de atividade física é uma importante intervenção preventiva para as doenças cardiovasculares, estudantes de Medicina apresentam menor quantitativo de prática de atividade física, menor nível de condicionamento cardio-respiratório e, mais importante, maior freqüência dos fatores de risco cardiovascular, comparados aos de Educação Física.
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Hariri, Essa H. "Are We Optimizing the Use of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Myocardial Infarction?" eScholarship@UMMS, 2019. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1010.

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Background: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is a mainstay treatment for hospital survivors of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there are extremely limited data on the prescribing patterns of DAPT among patients hospitalized with AMI. Objective: To examine decade-long trends (2001-2011) in the use of DAPT versus antiplatelet monotherapy and patient characteristics associated with DAPT use. Methods: The study population consisted of 2,389 adults hospitalized with an initial AMI at all 11 central Massachusetts medical centers on a biennial basis between 2001 and 2011. DAPT was defined as the discharge use of aspirin plus either clopidogrel or prasugrel. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify patient characteristics associated with DAPT use. Results: The average age of the study population was 65 years, and 69% of them were discharged on DAPT. The use of DAPT at the time of hospital discharge increased from 49% in 2001 to 74% in 2011; this increasing trend was seen across all age groups, both sexes, types of AMI, and in those who underwent a PCI. After multivariable adjustment, older age was the only factor associated with lower odds of receiving DAPT, while being male, receiving additional evidence-based cardioprotective therapy and undergoing cardiac stenting were associated with higher odds of receiving DAPT. Conclusions: Between 2001 and 2011, the use of DAPT increased markedly among patients hospitalized with AMI. However, a significant proportion of patients were not discharged on this therapy. Greater awareness is needed to incorporate DAPT into the management of patients with AMI.
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Hastings, Rob. "Using 'next-generation' sequencing in the identification of novel causes of inherited heart diseases." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6555e02b-e0e9-4632-9f75-f403dfcc35a3.

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Next-generation sequencing methods now allow rapid and cost-effective sequencing of DNA on a scale not previously possible. This offers great opportunities for the research of Mendelian disorders, but also significant challenges. The sequencing of exomes, or whole genomes, has emerged as a powerful clinical research tool, with targeted gene analyses generally being preferred in the clinical diagnostic setting. These methods have been employed here with the aim of identifying novel genetic causes of inherited heart disorders and to gain insights into the utility and limitations of these techniques for clinical diagnosis in these disorders. Data produced from the introduction of a targeted multi-gene next-generation sequencing test into clinical practice has been studied. Variation within the mitochondrial genome has been analysed to assess the importance of mitochondrial DNA variants in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The m.4300A>G mutation is identified as an important cause of this disorder, with other previously cardiomyopathy-associated and novel variants also identified. Such multi-gene tests can facilitate interpretable and phenotype-relevant results, but at the expense of limiting more extensive data acquisition. Whole-genome sequencing has been performed in five families with different autosomal dominant inherited heart disease phenotypes of unknown genetic aetiology. In two of these likely pathogenic variants were identified, one in the gene encoding titin (TTN) and the other in the calcium channel subunit gene CACNA1C. In vitro studies were undertaken to support the pathogenicity of the TTN variant and understand the functional effects of this. In the other three families either multiple candidate gene variants were identified or no clear candidate variant was identified. This highlights the difficulties in interpreting these results, even in carefully selected families. Overall, although the research benefits of exome or genome studies are evident, the interpretation and validation of genetic variant data produced remains highly challenging for clinical diagnosis.
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Rariden, Brandi Scot. "Sedentary Time and the Cumulative Risk of Preserved and Reduced Ejection Fraction Heart Failure: from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis." UNF Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/792.

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ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-reported sedentary time (ST) and the cumulative risk of preserved ejection fraction heart failure (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction heart failure (HFrEF) using a diverse cohort of U.S. adults 45-84 years of age. Methods: Using data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), we identified 6,814 subjects (52.9% female). All were free of baseline cardiovascular disease. Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) associated with baseline ST and risk of overall heart failure (HF), HFpEF, and HFrEF. Weekly self-reported ST was dichotomized based on the 75th percentile (1,890 min/wk). Results: During an average of 11.2 years of follow-up there were 178 first incident HF diagnoses; 74 HFpEF, 69 HFrEF and 35 with unknown EF. Baseline ST >1,890 min/wk was significantly associated with an increased risk of HFpEF (HR [95% CI]; 1.87 [1.13 – 3.09], p= 0.01), but not HFrEF (HR [95% CI]; 1.30 [0.78 – 2.15], p= 0.32). The relationship with HFpEF remained significant in separate fully adjusted models including either waist circumference (HR [95% CI]; 2.16 [1.23 – 3.78], p < 0.01) or body mass index (HR [95% CI]; 2.17 [1.24 – 3.80], p < 0.01). Additionally, every 60 minute increase in weekly ST was associated with a significant 3% increased risk of HFpEF (HR [95% CI]; 1.03 [1.01 – 1.05], p < 0.01). Conclusions: Sedentary time > 1,890 min/wk (~4.5 h/d) is a significant independent predictor of HFpEF, but not HFrEF.
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TÔRRES, Andréa Cintra Bastos. "Obesidade em cães: aspectos ecodopplercardiográficos, eletrocardiográficos, radiográficos e de pressão arterial." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/951.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Cintra 1ff.pdf: 4196439 bytes, checksum: 84bfc46a22b5675802e1bda5e2d0f500 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-27
The obesity is a morbid condition commonnly incident in veterinary practice, generally associate to the companion animals reduction of time and quality of life. This factor, added to the regularity that it is observed, makes from obesity, nowadays, the most important metabolism disease in dogs, being still able to promote serious health problems, including cardiovascular disorders. For this study, 14 medium-sized neutered mongrel adult female dogs were divided in two groups and submitted to a program of weight gain. Group I, presenting highest percentage of weight gain (average 21.4% above the initial weight, in average) and Group II, with shortest weight gain percentage (15% above the initial weight, in average). Afterwards, both groups were submitted to a obesity correction food program, to reach the initial weight. During the food programs, in the initial phase (T1), obesity phase (T2) and final phase of weight reduction (T3), examinations carried out were: electrocardiographic, radiographic and mensurations of the blood pressure. During the phases T2 and T3, ecodopplercardiographic examinations of all dogs were also performed. At the end of the experimental phase, every variables obtained were statistically evaluated, comparing the groups and the different phases within the same group. The results revealed no significant eletrocardiographic and ecodopplercardiographic alterations, considering up to 21% of increment on body weight; increase of cardiac silhouette on radiographic evaluation during the obesity phase and decrease after the weight loss, and increase of arterial systolic pressure after the weight increment.
A obesidade é uma condição mórbida de ocorrência comum na prática veterinária, estando geralmente associada à redução do tempo e da qualidade de vida dos animais de companhia. Esse fator, unido à regularidade com que é observada, faz da obesidade, atualmente, a forma mais importante de doença do metabolismo em cães, podendo provocar sérios problemas de saúde, dentre eles os distúrbios cardiovasculares. Neste trabalho, 14 cadelas de porte médio, sem raça definida, adultas e castradas foram divididas em dois grupos e submetidas a um programa de ganho de peso. O Grupo I com maior porcentagem de ganho de peso (em média 21,4% acima do peso inicial) e o Grupo II com menor porcentagem de ganho de peso (em média 15% acima do peso inicial). Posteriormente foram submetidas a um programa alimentar de correção da obesidade até atingirem o peso inicial. Durante os programas alimentares, na fase inicial (T1), fase de obesidade (T2) e fase final de redução de peso (T3) foram realizados exames eletrocardiográficos, radiográficos e mensurações da pressão arterial e nas fases T2 e T3 exames ecodopplercardiográficos em todas as cadelas. Ao final da fase experimental, todas as variáveis obtidas foram avaliadas estatisticamente, comparando os grupos e as diferentes fases dentro do mesmo grupo. Os resultados revelaram que não ocorreram alterações eletrocardiográficas e nem ecodopplercardiograficas significativas, considerando incremento de peso corporal de até 21%; aumento significativo da silhueta cardíaca à avaliação radiográfica, na fase de obesidade, e diminuição da mesma após perda de peso e a pressão arterial sistólica dos cães aumenta com o incremento do peso.
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Kozor, Rebecca Alexandra. "Evolving applications of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in clinical cardiology." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15858.

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ABSTRACT Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a non-invasive imaging technique with increasing use and demand worldwide both in the clinical and research arenas. Its strength is accurate quantification of cardiac structure and function, and unique abilities with tissue characterisation. The most common indications for CMR in general include the assessment of ischaemia and viability, and cardiomyopathy. This thesis explores the application of CMR in the assessment of cardiovascular disease in two distinct but uncommon populations encompassed in these categories – chronic social cocaine users and patients with Fabry disease, chosen because of the unique diagnostic challenges related to each, and persistent difficulties risk stratifying and targeting treatment in these settings. Chapter 1 provides an introduction with a literature review of the common and important clinical and research applications of CMR, as well as a detailed review of the cardiovascular effects of cocaine use and Fabry disease. It also states the overarching hypotheses and aim of this thesis. Chapter 2 outlines the general CMR methodologies utilised in the studies encompassed in this thesis. Chapter 3 reports the harmful cardiovascular effects of chronic social cocaine use in otherwise healthy young individual with the aid of CMR, including increases in systolic blood pressure, myocardial mass, and aortic stiffness, but no evidence of previous silent myocardial infarctions. Given precise measurements of left ventricular mass (LVM) are important both clinically and from a research perspective, Chapter 4 addresses the methods of quantifying myocardial mass in hypertrophied hearts by either including or excluding the left ventricular papillary muscles (LVPM) in the total mass. This pilot study includes male patients with Fabry disease and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and shows that the LVPM are critical to total LVM quantification. To follow on from this, Chapter 5 explores the same concept but applied to a diverse range of patient cohorts with LVH. It shows that there is disproportionate hypertrophy of the LVPMs in Fabry disease with and without LVH. It also provides further insight into the disease biology in Fabry disease by characterising the papillary muscles with T1 mapping. Chapter 6 explores the utility of CMR in identifying cardiac involvement in patients with Fabry disease, and how it can potentially affect management by reclassifying patients and allowing consideration of targeted therapy. Finally, Chapter 7 uses a combination of CMR parametric mapping techniques and serum biomarkers to show that cardiac involvement of Fabry disease with late gadolinium enhancement is a chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy. These findings offer potential for therapeutic targets and management guidance.
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Blackwelder, Reid B. "Cardiovascular Medicine." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2000. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6922.

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Cheng, Pak-ho. "P wave characteristics and QRS duration in patients after Fontan-type procedures." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43781627.

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Books on the topic "Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"

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1954-, Topol Eric J., and Califf Robert M, eds. Textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002.

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Loscalzo, Joseph. Harrison's cardiovascular medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2010.

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Joseph, Loscalzo, and Braunwald Eugene 1929-, eds. Harrison's cardiovascular medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2010.

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1954-, Topol Eric J., and Califf Robert M, eds. Comprehensive cardiovascular medicine. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1998.

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Forensic cardiovascular medicine. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2009.

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Loscalzo, Joseph. Harrison's cardiovascular medicine. Edited by Harrison Tinsley Randolph 1900-1978. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education/Medical, 2013.

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Joseph, Loscalzo, ed. Harrison's cardiovascular medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2010.

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1954-, Topol Eric J., and Califf Robert M, eds. Textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007.

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Josef, Niebauer, ed. Cardiology explained. London: Remedica, 2004.

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1926-, Knoebel Suzanne B., and Dack Simon, eds. An Era in cardiovascular medicine. New York: Published for the American College of Cardiology, Elsevier, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"

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McGhie, Arthur Iain, K. Lance Gould, and James T. Willerson. "Nuclear Cardiology." In Cardiovascular Medicine, 137–60. London: Springer London, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-715-2_6.

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Ramee, Stephen R., and Christopher J. White. "Interventional Cardiology." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, 499–530. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3516-4_23.

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Khera, Amit, Jere H. Mitchell, and Benjamin D. Levine. "Preventive Cardiology: The Effects of Exercise." In Cardiovascular Medicine, 2631–48. London: Springer London, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-715-2_129.

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Jain, Diwakar, and Barry L. Zaret. "Nuclear Imaging in Cardiovascular Medicine." In Essential Cardiology, 195–220. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6705-2_12.

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Neill, Catherine A., and Edward B. Clark. "Development of Pediatric Cardiology." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, 115–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8514-9_8.

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Mannens, M. M. A. M., and H. J. M. Smeets. "Molecular Genetics in Cardiology." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, 1–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1019-1_1.

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Wellens, Hein J. J. "Cardiology Approaching the Year 2000. A Clinician’s Look at Molecular Cardiology." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, 1–5. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9321-2_1.

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Hausdorf, Gerd. "Preinterventional imaging in paediatric cardiology." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, 471–504. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0115-5_29.

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Sinatra, Stephen T. "Metabolic Cardiology." In Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 189–216. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003137849-8.

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Beaton, Andrea, Stephanie Lacey, Tom Mwambu, Charles Mondo, Peter Lwabi, and Craig Sable. "Pediatric Cardiology in the Tropics and Underdeveloped Countries." In Pediatric Cardiovascular Medicine, 1032–46. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444398786.ch72.

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Conference papers on the topic "Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"

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Mesihović-Dinarević, Senka. "UPDATE IN DIAGNOSTICS CARDIOLOGY." In International Scientific Symposium “Diagnostics in Cardiology and Grown-Up Congenital Heart Disease (GUCH)”. Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/pi2021.199.02.

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Cardiovascular medicine is an area of clinical practice with a continually rapid expansion of knowledge, guidelines, best practices and new technology in adult cardiovascular medicine as well as in paediatric cardiology medicine. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality in the world and cause major costs for the health sector and economy. Cardiovascular imaging indices have a significant impact on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiac diseases. Advanced imaging technologies have dramatically improved our ability to detect and treat cardiovascular disease at an early stage. Multimodality imaging techniques - echocardiogram, cardiac computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, simulation 3D models, artificial intelligence - are being used more frequently as their utility is better appreciated. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exerts an unprecedented global impact on public health and health care delivery. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) causing COVID-19 has reached pandemic levels since March 2020. Patients with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and established CVD represent a vulnerable population when suffering from COVID-19, and have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Severe COVID-19 infection is associated with myocardial damage and cardiac arrhythmia. Diagnostic workup during SARS infection revealed electrocardiographic changes, sub-clinical left ventricular (LV) diastolic impairment and troponin elevation. All professionals in cardiovascular medicine, as a part of lifelong learning process, have the continuous imperative in reviewing novelties, with results data from numerous researches in order to treat all patients according to best practices and evidence-based medicine, especially on this journey through corona pandemic.
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Lucie, Himmlova, Prochazkova Jarmila, Podzimek Stepan, Janatova Tatjana, Duskova Jana, and Adamkova Vera. "Preventive treatment approaches in cardiology and in dental medicine." In Annual International Conferences on Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Research. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2382-5669_ccmr14.10.

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Mesihović-Dinarević, Senka. "WHAT IS NEW IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE?" In Symposium with International Participation HEART AND … Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/pi2019.181.03.

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The rapid pace of change continues to be a hallmark in cardiovascular medicine and many see that pace accelerating in adult cardiovascular medicine as well as in paediatric cardiology medicine. Cardiovascular medicine is an area of clinical practice with a continually rapid expansion of knowledge, guidelines, best practices and new technology. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in the world and cause major costs for the health sector and economy. Primary care clinicians are challenged to optimally manage a multitude of diseases including congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, valvular diseases, arrhythmias, lipid disorders, and hypertension. Multimodality imaging techniques are being used more frequently as their utility is better appreciated. Echocardiography has been the mainstay approach, cardiac computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide a good imaging alternative for patients with multiple complex surgeries. 3D printing has seen a rapid growth in use for planning treatments for patients with congenital heart disease. Simulation using 3D models is emerging as a fundamental resource for teaching procedural techniques and a new standard of care. Artificial intelligence holds the greatest potential for revolutionizing medicine. Innovative technologies in the world of cardiovascular health are expanding every day: wearable computing technologies, bioresorbable stents, leadless pacemaker, valve-in-valve procedure, protein patch for heart muscle growth and others. As a part of lifelong learning process for all professionals in cardiovascular medicine, the imperative is to have continuity of reviewing novelties, with results data from numerous researches in order to treat patient according to best practices and evidence-based medicine.
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Hartopo, Anggoro B., Effika N. Putri, Maria P. Inggriani, Jajah Fachiroh, and Fatwa S. T. Dewi. "Ischemic Electrocardiogram Patterns among Population of Universitas Gadjah Mada Health and Demographic Surveillance System Sleman: The Community-Based Learning and Community Service by Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Residency Program at Universitas Gadjah Mada." In 3rd International Conference on Community Engagement and Education for Sustainable Development. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.151.6.

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Screening for coronary heart disease in the community can be performed by a simple method, namely an electrocardiography (ECG) examination. However, the ECG-based screening program has not been routinely performed in the Indonesian population, probably due to a scarcity of human resources e to interpret the ECG results. The ECG pattern recognition needs prolonged training, completed during Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Residency Program. Most Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Residency Program activities are performed in teaching hospitals. The involvement of cardiology and vascular medicine residents' involvement in interpreting ischemic ECG pattern during populational survey is necessary to fulfill their national standard competence and perform community service during the residency education program. Therefore, besides clinical services in teaching hospitals, community services in the population must be implemented during the residency program. The Universitas Gadjah Mada Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) Sleman is a longitudinal and community-based surveillance by the Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta since 2014 to obtain data regarding community health status, including cardiovascular diseases. The study aimed to investigate the ischemic ECG abnormal pattern and the feasibility of integrating community-based learning and community service by UGM HDSS Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia residents. The results showed that among 787 subjects of the HDSS Sleman population, the prevalence of ischemic ECG pattern was only minority (n=48, 6%) and mostly among females (10.2%). The ischemic ECG pattern was associated with cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension (12.3% vs. 5.5%, p=0.035) and obesity (10.1% vs. 5.2%, p=0.035). By interpreting ECG patterns, residents can directly implement education and consultation to promote the community's cardiovascular disease prevention programs. This study highlights the feasibility of integrating community-based learning and community service performed by cardiology and vascular medicine residents during the residency education program embedded in the residency program curriculum.
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C. Ligas, Frankie, Marivic V. Vestal, Samuel Yadao, and Cherry Lyn Montealto. "FROM FRACTURE TO TAMPONADE: A Series of Unfortunate Events." In Annual International Conference on Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Research. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2382-5669_ccmr13.03.

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Matthews, Sajith. "Non-Invasive Pressure Volume Loops Review on Mathematical and Methodological Advancements." In Annual International Conference on Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Research. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2382-5669_ccmr13.06.

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Piamjariyakul, Ubolrat, Carol E. Smith, Marilyn Werkowitch, Andrea Elyachar, Sharon Fitzgerald, Chanawee Prinyarux, and James L. Vacek. "Annual Utilization of Healthcare Services and Estimated Costs to Families Managing Complex Heart Failure Home Care." In Annual International Conference on Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Research. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2382-5669_ccmr13.09.

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Alfonso M. Aherrera, Jaime, Michael Joseph T. Reyes, Geraldine O. Floro, Edgar Timbol, Jan Melvin Zapanta, Louren R. Blanquisco, Kristine D. Tumabiene, and Felix Eduardo Punzalan. "PULMONIC VALVE ENDOCARDITIS WITH AN UNDERLYING VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT: A REPORT ON THREE CASES AT THE PHILIPPINE GENERAL HOSPITAL." In Annual International Conference on Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Research. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2382-5669_ccmr13.12.

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Garzan, Reza, James Westcott, Meir Lichtenstein, and Dinesh Sivartnam. "Are All Rest Left Ventricular Ejection Fractions the Same and Comparable Using Gamma Cameras with Different Detector Technology?" In Annual International Conference on Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Research. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2382-5669_ccmr13.18.

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Kong, Shun Ling, Stephen Wai-Luen Lee, Aaron Fok, Carmen Chan, and Paul Lee. "Validation of Arm and Wrist Self-Measuring Electronic Devices For Blood Pressure Monitoring." In Annual International Conference on Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Research. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2382-5669_ccmr13.23.

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Reports on the topic "Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"

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Weng, JIeqiong, Jingfang Zhang, Ke Xu, Mengfei Yuan, Tingting Yao, Xinyu Wang, and Xiaoxu Shen. Efficacy of Shexiang Baoxin Pills Combined with Statins on Blood Lipid Profile in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0100.

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Review question / Objective: P（Population) ：Patients with coronary heart disease; I（Intervention) : Statins treatment in combination with Shexiang Baoxin pill; C（Comparison): Statins alone; O（Outcome）: Improvement of symptoms and blood lipids; S（Study design）：Clinical randomized trials. Eligibility criteria: To be included, trials were required to meet the following criteria: (1) patients were included in the studies according to diagnostic criteria of coronary heart disease established by the WHO, InternationalSociety of Cardiology and Association (ISCA), Internal Medicine, 7th edition ( IM-7th), Practice of InternalMedicine, 14th edition ( PIM-14th), Guidelines for the Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases in InternalMedicine, 3rd edition (GIM-3rd) or conventional diagnostic criteria (CDC) including assessment of anginapectoris and electrocardiogram (ECG) results; (2) the study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial.
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Knapp, Jr, F. (Cardiology and nuclear medicine). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6809693.

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Cui, MZ, SJ Lyu, X. Zhang, JW Zhang, LJ Li, and YR Huang. Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine exercise therapy on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome: A Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.8.0054.

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Huynh, Thao. Supplementary Materials - Adherence to the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Atrial Fibrillation Guidelines by Family Medicine Groups in Quebec: the I-FACILITER project. Science Repository, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.jicoa.2019.02.03.sup.

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MOSKALENKO, OLGA, and ROMAN YASKEVICH. ANXIETY-DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2021-12-1-2-185-190.

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Our article presents a review of the literature and considers the most pressing problem of modern medicine - a combination of anxiety-depressive states in patients with cardiovascular diseases, which are more common in people of working age, having a negative impact on the quality of life of patients, contributing to the deterioration of physical, mental and social adaptation, which further leads to negative socio-economic consequences.
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Liu, Mengnan, Raoqiong Wang, Ziyi Li, Maryam Mazhar, Gang Luo, and Sijin Yang. Danshen decoction in the treatment of heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0107.

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Review question / Objective: HF (heart failure) is considered to be the clinical endpoint and the leading cause of death of CVD (cardiovascular diseases). With people's growing desire for a healthy and better life, TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) as an alternative in the prevention and treatment of HF is becoming more popular. The basic and clinical research related to TCM has also been widely concerned by the cardiovascular community of scientists/clinicians. In recent years, a large number of preclinical (in vivo/in vitro) experiments and clinical observation studies have proved the therapeutic efficacy of Danshen decoction in the treatment of HF. However, systematic evaluation and review of the clinical treatment of Danshen decoction is insufficient, leaving objective and quantitative evaluation indicators of Danshen decoction to be inadequate. Therefore, evidence-based studies are urgently needed to demonstrate its efficacy and safety.
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McCausland, Rachel, Joann Fontanarosa, and Ravi Patel. Nonemergent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Optimal Medical Treatment for Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: A Rapid Response Literature Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepcrapidcoronary.

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Aims. There is uncertainty around the optimal role of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for management of chronic coronary syndrome, specifically when patients have disease in multiple coronary vessels and disease in the proximal portion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. This uncertainty was reflected in 2021 guidance from the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) on coronary artery revascularization. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality has commissioned this rapid response literature review to meet a Congressional request for a summary of recent evidence on the benefits of angioplasties conducted in nonemergency situations. Methods. This rapid response literature review on the comparative effectiveness of nonemergent PCI followed established best systematic review methods, modified to meet a shortened project timeframe. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, and the Trip© medical database from 2018 through April 2023 for systematic reviews (SRs), clinical practice guidelines, and randomized controlled trials, and summarized the evidence comparing PCI to optimal medical therapy (OMT) for stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD). Our primary outcomes of interest were major objective cardiovascular outcomes, including mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, urgent revascularization, or composites of one or more of these hard clinical outcomes. Where available, we also abstracted patient reported outcomes (e.g., angina severity and quality of life [QoL]) from included studies. Findings. Key findings from nine SRs and one primary study include: • The body of evidence directly comparing PCI to OMT for SIHD has remained largely unchanged since the 2021 ACC/AHA guidance’s publication. • Most studies of revascularization for coronary artery disease do not focus on direct head-to-head comparisons of PCI versus OMT for SIHD but instead either (1) compare OMT to invasive revascularization (PCI and coronary artery bypass graft [CABG] combined cohort); (2) compare PCI to CABG; or (3) compare different PCI techniques. • Another factor that complicates comparison is that the meta-analyses often included data from CABG and PCI combined cohorts (e.g., the recent landmark ISCHEMIA trial) but reported the outcomes as PCI specific. • In the general SIHD population, our review did not find evidence to support survival benefit or effect on hard clinical outcomes when PCI is added to OMT. • Limited evidence indicates there may be a beneficial effect of PCI on angina symptoms and measures of QoL, but most systematic reviews focused on major objective cardiovascular outcomes and did not consider QoL or freedom from angina. • Both OMT and PCI have evolved significantly during the period of time in which the systematic reviews’ included studies were conducted. It is not clear how these changes may have affected the applicability of past studies to current practice. Conclusions. The evidence directly comparing PCI to OMT for SIHD has remained largely unchanged since publication of the 2021 ACC/AHA guidelines. More research is needed to verify the comparative effectiveness of nonemergent PCI compared to medical treatment for individuals with SIHD, and how the effectiveness varies by certain patient populations and clinical presentation.
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Wang, Jiajie, Wei Huang, Yanji Zhang, Zhengrong Zhao, and Zhongyu Zhou. Acupuncture and related interventions for the treatment of obesity: protocol for a scoping review of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0099.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this study is to summarize the characteristics of RCT in the treatment of obesity by acupuncture and other related intervention measures, so as to enhance evidence-based clinical practice about acupuncture for obesity. Condition being studied: Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease that is defined as a body's excessive accumulation or abnormal distribution of total or local fat content. Their complications such as Type II diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases are strongly related to higher risks of mortality. In recent years, with the changes in diet structure and living habits, 1.9 billion adults were overweight and over 650 million were obese according to the report by the WHO in 2016. Acupuncture is a characteristic therapy of traditional Chinese medicine, which is effective and safe for the treatment of simple obesity. In recent years, many RCTs using acupuncture in simple obesity were carried out within and outside of China. But currently, acupuncture treatment has no uniform standard, and there are a number of problems with this current clinical application of modern Chinese Medicine. Unfortunately, there is an absence of high-quality data supporting their use. This scoping review aims to summarize the characteristics of RCT in the treatment of obesity by acupuncture and other related intervention measures, so as to enhance evidence-based clinical practice about acupuncture and moxibustion for obesity.
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Tipton, Kelley, Brian F. Leas, Emilia Flores, Christopher Jepson, Jaya Aysola, Jordana Cohen, Michael Harhay, et al. Impact of Healthcare Algorithms on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Healthcare. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer268.

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Objectives. To examine the evidence on whether and how healthcare algorithms (including algorithm-informed decision tools) exacerbate, perpetuate, or reduce racial and ethnic disparities in access to healthcare, quality of care, and health outcomes, and examine strategies that mitigate racial and ethnic bias in the development and use of algorithms. Data sources. We searched published and grey literature for relevant studies published between January 2011 and February 2023. Based on expert guidance, we determined that earlier articles are unlikely to reflect current algorithms. We also hand-searched reference lists of relevant studies and reviewed suggestions from experts and stakeholders. Review methods. Searches identified 11,500 unique records. Using predefined criteria and dual review, we screened and selected studies to assess one or both Key Questions (KQs): (1) the effect of algorithms on racial and ethnic disparities in health and healthcare outcomes and (2) the effect of strategies or approaches to mitigate racial and ethnic bias in the development, validation, dissemination, and implementation of algorithms. Outcomes of interest included access to healthcare, quality of care, and health outcomes. We assessed studies’ methodologic risk of bias (ROB) using the ROBINS-I tool and piloted an appraisal supplement to assess racial and ethnic equity-related ROB. We completed a narrative synthesis and cataloged study characteristics and outcome data. We also examined four Contextual Questions (CQs) designed to explore the context and capture insights on practical aspects of potential algorithmic bias. CQ 1 examines the problem’s scope within healthcare. CQ 2 describes recently emerging standards and guidance on how racial and ethnic bias can be prevented or mitigated during algorithm development and deployment. CQ 3 explores stakeholder awareness and perspectives about the interaction of algorithms and racial and ethnic disparities in health and healthcare. We addressed these CQs through supplemental literature reviews and conversations with experts and key stakeholders. For CQ 4, we conducted an in-depth analysis of a sample of six algorithms that have not been widely evaluated before in the published literature to better understand how their design and implementation might contribute to disparities. Results. Fifty-eight studies met inclusion criteria, of which three were included for both KQs. One study was a randomized controlled trial, and all others used cohort, pre-post, or modeling approaches. The studies included numerous types of clinical assessments: need for intensive care or high-risk care management; measurement of kidney or lung function; suitability for kidney or lung transplant; risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, lung cancer, prostate cancer, postpartum depression, or opioid misuse; and warfarin dosing. We found evidence suggesting that algorithms may: (a) reduce disparities (i.e., revised Kidney Allocation System, prostate cancer screening tools); (b) perpetuate or exacerbate disparities (e.g., estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] for kidney function measurement, cardiovascular disease risk assessments); and/or (c) have no effect on racial or ethnic disparities. Algorithms for which mitigation strategies were identified are included in KQ 2. We identified six types of strategies often used to mitigate the potential of algorithms to contribute to disparities: removing an input variable; replacing a variable; adding one or more variables; changing or diversifying the racial and ethnic composition of the patient population used to train or validate a model; creating separate algorithms or thresholds for different populations; and modifying the statistical or analytic techniques used by an algorithm. Most mitigation efforts improved proximal outcomes (e.g., algorithmic calibration) for targeted populations, but it is more challenging to infer or extrapolate effects on longer term outcomes, such as racial and ethnic disparities. The scope of racial and ethnic bias related to algorithms and their application is difficult to quantify, but it clearly extends across the spectrum of medicine. Regulatory, professional, and corporate stakeholders are undertaking numerous efforts to develop standards for algorithms, often emphasizing the need for transparency, accountability, and representativeness. Conclusions. Algorithms have been shown to potentially perpetuate, exacerbate, and sometimes reduce racial and ethnic disparities. Disparities were reduced when race and ethnicity were incorporated into an algorithm to intentionally tackle known racial and ethnic disparities in resource allocation (e.g., kidney transplant allocation) or disparities in care (e.g., prostate cancer screening that historically led to Black men receiving more low-yield biopsies). It is important to note that in such cases the rationale for using race and ethnicity was clearly delineated and did not conflate race and ethnicity with ancestry and/or genetic predisposition. However, when algorithms include race and ethnicity without clear rationale, they may perpetuate the incorrect notion that race is a biologic construct and contribute to disparities. Finally, some algorithms may reduce or perpetuate disparities without containing race and ethnicity as an input. Several modeling studies showed that applying algorithms out of context of original development (e.g., illness severity scores used for crisis standards of care) could perpetuate or exacerbate disparities. On the other hand, algorithms may also reduce disparities by standardizing care and reducing opportunities for implicit bias (e.g., Lung Allocation Score for lung transplantation). Several mitigation strategies have been shown to potentially reduce the contribution of algorithms to racial and ethnic disparities. Results of mitigation efforts are highly context specific, relating to unique combinations of algorithm, clinical condition, population, setting, and outcomes. Important future steps include increasing transparency in algorithm development and implementation, increasing diversity of research and leadership teams, engaging diverse patient and community groups in the development to implementation lifecycle, promoting stakeholder awareness (including patients) of potential algorithmic risk, and investing in further research to assess the real-world effect of algorithms on racial and ethnic disparities before widespread implementation.
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10

Selph, Shelly S., Andrea C. Skelly, Ngoc Wasson, Joseph R. Dettori, Erika D. Brodt, Erik Ensrud, Diane Elliot, et al. Physical Activity and the Health of Wheelchair Users: A Systematic Review in Multiple Sclerosis, Cerebral Palsy, and Spinal Cord Injury. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer241.

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Objectives. Although the health benefits of physical activity are well described for the general population, less is known about the benefits and harms of physical activity in people dependent upon, partially dependent upon, or at risk for needing a wheelchair. This systematic review summarizes the evidence for physical activity in people with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury regardless of current use or nonuse of a wheelchair. Data sources. We searched MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, PsycINFO®, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase®, and Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source from 2008 through November 2020, reference lists, and clinical trial registries. Review methods. Predefined criteria were used to select randomized controlled trials, quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and cohort studies that addressed the benefits and harms of observed physical activity (at least 10 sessions on 10 different days of movement using more energy than rest) in participants with multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and spinal cord injury. Individual study quality (risk of bias) and the strength of bodies of evidence for key outcomes were assessed using prespecified methods. Dual review procedures were used. Effects were analyzed by etiology of impairment and physical activity modality, such as treadmill, aquatic exercises, and yoga, using qualitative, and when appropriate, quantitative synthesis using random effects meta-analyses. Results. We included 146 randomized controlled trials, 15 quasiexperimental nonrandomized trials, and 7 cohort studies (168 studies in 197 publications). More studies enrolled participants with multiple sclerosis (44%) than other conditions, followed by cerebral palsy (38%) and spinal cord injury (18%). Most studies were rated fair quality (moderate risk of bias). The majority of the evidence was rated low strength. • In participants with multiple sclerosis, walking ability may be improved with treadmill training and multimodal exercise regimens that include strength training; function may be improved with treadmill training, balance exercises, and motion gaming; balance is likely improved with postural control exercises (which may also reduce risk of falls) and may be improved with aquatic exercises, robot-assisted gait training, treadmill training, motion gaming, and multimodal exercises; activities of daily living may be improved with aquatic therapy; sleep may be improved with aerobic exercises; aerobic fitness may be improved with multimodal exercises; and female sexual function may be improved with aquatic exercise. • In participants with cerebral palsy, balance may be improved with hippotherapy and motion gaming, and function may be improved with cycling, treadmill training, and hippotherapy. • In participants with spinal cord injury, evidence suggested that activities of daily living may be improved with robot-assisted gait training. • When randomized controlled trials were pooled across types of exercise, physical activity interventions were found to improve walking in multiple sclerosis and likely improve balance and depression in multiple sclerosis. Physical activity may improve function and aerobic fitness in people with cerebral palsy or spinal cord injury. When studies of populations with multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy were combined, evidence indicated dance may improve function. • Evidence on long-term health outcomes was not found for any analysis groups. For intermediate outcomes such as blood pressure, lipid profile, and blood glucose, there was insufficient evidence from which to draw conclusions. There was inadequate reporting of adverse events in many trials. Conclusions. Physical activity was associated with improvements in walking ability, general function, balance (including fall risk), depression, sleep, activities of daily living, female sexual function, and aerobic capacity, depending on population enrolled and type of exercise utilized. No studies reported long-term cardiovascular or metabolic disease health outcomes. Future trials could alter these findings; further research is needed to examine health outcomes, and to understand the magnitude and clinical importance of benefits seen in intermediate outcomes.
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