Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cardiomyopathie dilatée'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Cardiomyopathie dilatée.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Labban, Nouhad. "Electrocardiographie de moyennage haute amplification : intérêt pronostique dans les cardiomyopathies dilatées : à propos de 60 observations." Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL2M061.
Full textWehbe, Michel. "Etude de l’activité de réplication des formes de Coxsackievirus B3 complètes et tronquées dans la région 5’non codante dans un modèle de cardiomyocytes humains primaires en culture." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS042.
Full textEnteroviruses group B (EV-B) and more specifically Coxsackievirus B are recognized as major causes of acute and chronic infectious myocarditis, which 10% may progress towards dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Viral molecular mechanisms involved in the progression from acute myocarditis to the clinical stage of DCM remain unknown.Deep sequencing analysis showed in 8 (33%) of 24 unexplained DCM patients the existence of major CVB3 populations with deletions of 19 to 50 nucleotides associated with a minority of complete viral forms. The proportion of deleted viral populations was negatively correlated with RNA+/RNA- ratio and the viral load levels. Immuno-histological and in situ hybridization assays of DCM cardiac tissues demonstrated that the cleavage of dystrophin was found only in cardiomyocytes infected with EV-B. To study the replication activities of persistent EV-B populations, a replicon (CVB3-emGFP) was generated from a cardiotropic strain (CV-B3/28). Transfection of synthesized complete and truncated (d50) viral RNAs in primary human cardiomyocytes cultures revealed mechanisms of recombination and / or trans-complementation between these two viral forms inducing low replication activities.In conclusions, our original results demonstrated the existence of new molecular mechanisms of cooperation between EV-B deleted and complete viral populations that could explain the development of a viral persistence mechanism observed during the clinical phase of DCM. These findings may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat persistent heart EV-B infections
Bouin, Alexis. "Etude des caractères génétiques des Entérovirus persistants dans les tissus cardiaques de sujets atteints de cardiomyopathie dilatée idiopathique." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS015.
Full textEnteroviruses, especially group B coxsackieviruses (CV-B) are considered to be a common cause of acute human myocarditis, a disease that is a precursor of chronic myocarditis cases as well as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The molecular mechanisms related to the switch from the acute to the CV-B chronic persistent infection in human cardiac tissues are still unknown. To study the replication activities of CV-B a replicon from a cardiotropic prototype strain was generated and was used to study persistent CV-B replication activities into human cardiac cells. Using NGS analyses, our results evidenced that the molecular selection of TD viral forms in heart could explain pathophysiological progression from acute viral myocarditis to DCM. Moreover, we demonstrated in 8 end-stage DCM patients the existence of CV-B major populations characterized by 5’NTR deletions ranging from 19 to 50 nucleotides that were associated with minor full-length viral forms. The amounts of persistent deleted populations appeared to be negatively correlated to RNA(+)/RNA(-) minus ratio and viral load values (R2=0.748; P=0.016; R2= 0.36, P=0.038, respectively). In situ hybridization and immunohistological assays in cardiac tissues demonstrated that the dystrophin disruption was only present in EV-B infected cardiomyocytes. Transfection of deleted and full-length RNA-populations in cultured primary human cardiomyocytes evidenced a trans-acting genomic complementation system between the two viral forms resulting in low viral replication activities. Our findings suggest a new molecular mechanism through which persistent low replicative EV-B deleted and full-length collaborative populations contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic DCM cases
Tannous, Cynthia. "Rôle de la nicotinamide riboside kinase 2 dans le remodelage cardiaque pathologique." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066107/document.
Full textDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a severe heart disease characterized by reduced ejection fraction, altered systolic function, extracellular matrix disorganization and metabolic defects. In different mice models of DCM, the expression of the nicotinamide riboside kinase 2 (Nmrk2) implicated in the synthesis of NAD, a major coenzyme in energy metabolism and a signaling molecule, is increased. NMRK2 is similar to the muscle integrin binding protein (MIBP) that binds to the integrin α7β1 heterodimer. The role of Nmrk2 in the heart is unknown. Young Nmrk2-KO mice develop a normal cardiac hypertrophic response to angiotensin-II exposure and transverse aorta constriction (TAC) but follow-up echocardiography until 8 weeks post-TAC and during aging from 5 to 24 months revealed a more severe decrease in the EF and the development of a DCM phenotype. RT-qPCR analysis of cardiac mRNAs showed an increase in the slow, cardiac, β myosin heavy chain isoform starting at 12 months. NMRK2 was not essential to maintain myocardial NAD levels in response to pro-hypertrophic treatments and in young adults. However Nmrk1 and Nampt expression level declined strongly with aging and Nmrk2-KO mice displayed a 50% reduction in myocardial NAD levels at 24 months. The α7β1 integrin complex was repressed at this age. Immunofluorescent analyses and electron microscopy revealed a defect in laminin deposition and enlarged intercellular space in the Nmrk2-KO heart. The Nmrk2 gene is required to preserve cardiac function and structure during aging and becomes indispensable for maintaining NAD at late age. Molecular characterization of compounds modulating this pathway could give future therapeutic prospect
Korniat, Agathe. "Etude fonctionnelle des variants moléculaires du gène BAG3 associés à la cardiomyopathie dilatée humaine." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066716.
Full textThe BAG3 gene was identified as a novel gene responsible for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a major cause of heart failure (HF). The BAG3 protein is a co-chaperone that participates in the control of protein homeostasis via its role in autophagy, protecting cells against the proteotoxicity induced by degraded or misfolded proteins. The hypothesis that inactivation of the autophagic pathway controlled by BAG3 would induce cardiomyocyte proteotoxicity behind the CMD appears particularly attractive and is the central hypothesis of this work. Our results indicate that BAG3 mutations abolish the interaction with the chaperone HSP70, a central actor of the protein quality control. We observed cytotoxicity of BAG3 mutants, an impaired HSP70-dependent chaperone function and absence of autophagic response under stress conditions (starvation, heat shock, expression of a pro-aggregating protein). In vivo (zebrafish model) the extinction of BAG3 expression or mutants overexpression lead to the occurrence of a heart failure phenotype (pericardial edema) in injected embryos. Through genomic edition, we also develop a model of iPS-derived cardiomyocytes carrying or not the mutation in order to further explore the contractile function of these cells. Our results confirm the role of BAG3 in DCM and indicate that the alteration of the proteostasis function is the cause of the disease. This new pathophysiological pathway in DCM may prove to be more generally, a central line in the IC
Popek, Aude. "Caractérisation d'un modèle de souris transgénique de cardiomyopathie dilatée." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28380.
Full textDilated cardiomyopathy is a structural cardiac disorder leading to heart failure. It is the third most common cause of heart failure. Several cardiac pathologies, including dilated cardiomyopathy, result from mutations on the gene encoding the voltage-dependent sodium channel Nav1.5 which is responsible for the upstroke of the action potential and therefore for contraction. The mutation R219H on this channel drives a gating pore current of protons in hyperpolarizing condition called “omega current”. This current ought to induce a rise of the intracellular concentration of sodium and calcium through the sodium-calcium exchanger that might cause the structural remodelling developing in dilated cardiomyopathy. Objective: The mutation R219H has been identified in a patient with a mixed dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia phenotype. In the present study, investigation of heart phenotype and electrophysiology of transgenic R219H mice model was conducted. Method: Histological analysis was used to examine cell structure and tissues. The biophysical properties of the Nav1.5 channel were characterized by means of the patch clamp technique. Results: Histological analysis disclosed structural dysfunctions and loss of structural organization in myocardial cells in both heterozygous and homozygous mice. Finally, a shift of activation in heterozygous and homozygous mice were observed in electrophysiological recordings. A decline of action potential amplitude and conduction velocity was also observed in homozygous mice. The presence of the omega current was confirmed in mice carrying the mutation. Those results suggest that R219H could cause the pathology even if the precise molecular mechanism is not unravelled yet.
Sylvius, Nicolas. "Recherche de gènes morbides impliqués dans la cardiomyopathie dilatée." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077179.
Full textKorniat, Agathe. "Étude fonctionnelle des variants moléculaires du gène BAG3 associés à la cardiomyopathie dilatée humaine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066716.
Full textThe BAG3 gene was identified as a novel gene responsible for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a major cause of heart failure (HF). The BAG3 protein is a co-chaperone that participates in the control of protein homeostasis via its role in autophagy, protecting cells against the proteotoxicity induced by degraded or misfolded proteins. The hypothesis that inactivation of the autophagic pathway controlled by BAG3 would induce cardiomyocyte proteotoxicity behind the CMD appears particularly attractive and is the central hypothesis of this work. Our results indicate that BAG3 mutations abolish the interaction with the chaperone HSP70, a central actor of the protein quality control. We observed cytotoxicity of BAG3 mutants, an impaired HSP70-dependent chaperone function and absence of autophagic response under stress conditions (starvation, heat shock, expression of a pro-aggregating protein). In vivo (zebrafish model) the extinction of BAG3 expression or mutants overexpression lead to the occurrence of a heart failure phenotype (pericardial edema) in injected embryos. Through genomic edition, we also develop a model of iPS-derived cardiomyocytes carrying or not the mutation in order to further explore the contractile function of these cells. Our results confirm the role of BAG3 in DCM and indicate that the alteration of the proteostasis function is the cause of the disease. This new pathophysiological pathway in DCM may prove to be more generally, a central line in the IC
Chatzifrangkeskou, Maria. "Roles of ERK1/2 signaling in LMNA-cardiomyopathy." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066380/document.
Full textDilated cardiomyopathy is one of the leading causes of heart failure in Europe. Despite of the conventional medical care, there is no definitive treatment for the progressive cardiac dilatation and loss of contractility in LMNA cardiomyopathy often leading to sudden death or heart transplantation. LMNA gene encodes nuclear A-type lamins, which are the main constituents of the nuclear lamina. Previous studies clearly show that the abnormal ERK1/2 activation is involved in the pathophysiology of LMNA dilated cardiomyopathy. However, its role in the development of cardiac dysfunction remains unclear. Inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling also slows progression of myocardial fibrosis, which is prominent in humans with dilated cardiomyopathy. I suggested that aberrant TGF-β signaling activity could participate to the abnormal ERK1/2 activation and be involved is the pathophysiology of left-ventricular contractile dysfunction in LMNA cardiomyopathy. Given that the understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the modulation of ERK1/2 signaling in the heart caused by LMNA mutation remains totally unclear, I tested the hypothesis that ERK1/2 abnormal modulation leads to alteration of cytosolic targets and alter cardiac cytoskeleton network. My work highlighted a novel partner of activated (phosphorylated) ERK1/2, ADF/cofilin-1. Cofilin promotes debranching of actin filaments. I showed that disrupted actin dynamics leads to abnormal sarcomere structure. This project unraveled an unexpected role played by ERK1/2 signaling in actin dynamics and in the development of left-ventricular dysfunction in LMNA cardiomyopathy
Kadouch, James. "La cardiomyopathie dilatée : étiologie infectieuse possible : à propos d'une observation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR1M023.
Full textJuillière, Yves. "Facteurs de risque et facteurs pronostiques dans la cardiomyopathie dilatée idiopathique." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10374.
Full textPiedallu, Océane. "Physiopathologie d'un modèle murin knock-in d'une mutation du gène BAG3 responsable d'insuffisance cardiaque humaine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUL079.pdf.
Full textWe have successfully generated a new mouse model recapitulating dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype, including gender-dependant severity observed in humans, without the limitations associated with the previous similar model. This full knock-in model, expressing the hypomorphic V473M mutation of the BAG domain in Bag3, orthologous to the V468M mutation causing DCM in humans, enabled us to study the pathomechanisms involved both in the onset and later stage of the disease. The mutant mice were deficient in basal macroautophagy yet showed activation upon starvation-induced stimulation, indicating an alteration of specific rather than bulk macroautophagy. Co-expressing a proteotoxic pro-aggregative mutant desmin in Bag3-V473M mice unexpectedly improved cardiac function and increased desmin ubiquitinylation rather than exacerbate DCM features. This suggests that normal Bag3 function may worsen mutant-desmin associated proteotoxicity through aggrephagic pathway overload, while HSP70-interacting deficient V473M mutant may be incompetent in desmin aggregates cargo processing. Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses confirmed proteostasis dysregulation in mutant mice but also witness an early metabolic alteration consistent with a cardiac shift in energy supply from fatty-acids to glucose as an early event in the onset of the disease, supported by in vivo and cardiac lipidomic analyses. To conclude, our results shows that Bag3 BAG domain mutation impaired specific macroautophagy resulting in early cardiac metabolic dysregulation
Borenstein, Nicolas. "Cardiomyoplastie cellulaire avec une préparation cellulaire sans culture pour le traitement de pathologies cardiaques non ischémiques." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077029.
Full textHeart failure is defined as a state of imbalance between metabolic needs and the capacity of the heart to work efficiently as a pump. The concept of transplantation of stem or progenitor cells in diseased myocardium in order to improve contractile performances of the heart is also known as cellular cardiomyoplasty. Our work stems from a collaboration between a large animal surgical facilty (IMM Recherche) and a more fundamental unit specialized in myogenesis at Institut Pasteur. Our work focused on the potential benefit of cellular transplantation with non cultured cells, obtained from a muscle biopsy, into overtoaded right ventricle (detransposition model in the lamb) or dysfunctional myocardium (dilated cardiomyopathy model in the adult sheep). We could demonstrate functional improvement in the latter model. In parallel, we sought to validate chemical markers for cellular tracking upon grafting and we finalized our project with the validation of an original, highly inbred porcine model, in order to track, with genetic molecular biology techniques, male cells into female myocardium
Deloux, Robin. "Effets de l’exercice et d’une modulation du métabolisme du NAD sur la fonction cardiaque et musculaire dans la cardiomyopathie dilatée Voluntary Exercise Improves Cardiac Function and Prevents Cardiac Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy Nicotinamide Riboside Preserves Cardiac Function in a Mouse Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy Aged Nicotinamide Riboside Kinase 2 Deficient Mice Present an Altered Response to Endurance Exercise Training." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS545.
Full textHeart failure is a complex and multifactorial syndrome characterized by a global reduction of cardiac metabolic capacities. Exercise is a well-known strategy used for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and its beneficial effects on skeletal muscle metabolism are well established. However, its impact on cardiac tissue in a pathological context and notably in the context of dilated cardiomyopathy are still very poorly described. Moreover, NAD levels has been described to be altered with heart failure in humans and in different animal models. An alternative strategy to actual pharmacological treatments would be to use precursors of the vitamin B3 family to boost NAD biosynthesis and target more precisely the metabolic troubles associated with heart failure. Among those precursors, Nicotinamide Riboside (NR), used by NMRK kinases seems promising, but its effects have never been described in the heart and in the context of DCM. The objective of this thesis is to characterize the effects of exercise and of a modulation of NAD metabolism by NR on cardiac and skeletal muscle in the context of DCM, and the role played by NMRK2 kinase in modulating NAD levels and in response to NR. Our results described the beneficial role of exercise and NR supplementation of cardiac function in the context of DCM, even though the NMRK2 doesn’t seems to be essential to these effects
Batoumeni, Vivien. "High-content imaging and proteostasis deregulation study in dilated cardiomyopathy associated with myofibrillar myopathy due to a desmin mutation (DES E439K)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS043.
Full textMyofibrillar myopathies linked to desmin, also known as desminopathies, are rare genetic diseases caused by mutations in the DES gene primarily characterized by the progressive appearance of muscle weakness. In many cases, these pathologies are also associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, leading to heart failure, which is a major cause of death in these patients. Indeed, in addition to the disorders of cardiac contractility common to all dilated cardiomyopathies, those induced by a DES gene mutation are characterized by the presence of protein aggregates, mitochondrial dysfunction and myofibril disorganization. To date, no effective treatment, pharmacological or surgical approach, can reverse this progressive and disabling heart disease. The purpose of this PhD was first to highlight pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the establishment and maintenance of the disease. Then to better shed light on the cellular DESE439K morphological phenotypes, with the aim of modulating them by treatment with annotated compounds. These assays allow us to deduce and validate biological targets previously identified, in order to open the way toward new therapeutic approaches. In this context, the precise aim was to focus on the state of proteostasis and protein quality control systems (PQC).To reach these objectives, this study exclusively used in vitro models of DESE439K mutation-induced dilated cardiomyopathy based on cardiomyocyte derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-CM) cultured as 2D monolayers or as engineered human myocardium (EHM). Thus, after validation that the models recapitulated the hallmarks of dilated cardiomyopathy, it was shown that in a DESE439K mutation context, cellular proteostasis was disrupted and PQC activated, notably the autophagy process. A high-content imaging approach was then implemented to better characterize and quantify the phenotypic properties of iPSC-CM carrying the DES E439K mutation. This method allowed us to quantify the effects of annotated small compounds and to select those capable of reversing the cellular phenotype. The identification of the mechanisms of action of these compounds confirmed the involvement of mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress response processes in the establishment of pathological phenotypes.In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of regulating cellular proteostasis and mitochondrial homeostasis in dilated cardiomyopathy caused by the DES gene mutation, which could represent an interesting therapeutic approach
Carmignac, Virginie. "Génétique moléculaire et physiopathologie de deux nouvelles formes de myopathie à début précoce avec cardiomyopathie dilatée fatale." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066310.
Full textChatzifrangkeskou, Maria. "Roles of ERK1/2 signaling in LMNA-cardiomyopathy." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066380.pdf.
Full textDilated cardiomyopathy is one of the leading causes of heart failure in Europe. Despite of the conventional medical care, there is no definitive treatment for the progressive cardiac dilatation and loss of contractility in LMNA cardiomyopathy often leading to sudden death or heart transplantation. LMNA gene encodes nuclear A-type lamins, which are the main constituents of the nuclear lamina. Previous studies clearly show that the abnormal ERK1/2 activation is involved in the pathophysiology of LMNA dilated cardiomyopathy. However, its role in the development of cardiac dysfunction remains unclear. Inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling also slows progression of myocardial fibrosis, which is prominent in humans with dilated cardiomyopathy. I suggested that aberrant TGF-β signaling activity could participate to the abnormal ERK1/2 activation and be involved is the pathophysiology of left-ventricular contractile dysfunction in LMNA cardiomyopathy. Given that the understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the modulation of ERK1/2 signaling in the heart caused by LMNA mutation remains totally unclear, I tested the hypothesis that ERK1/2 abnormal modulation leads to alteration of cytosolic targets and alter cardiac cytoskeleton network. My work highlighted a novel partner of activated (phosphorylated) ERK1/2, ADF/cofilin-1. Cofilin promotes debranching of actin filaments. I showed that disrupted actin dynamics leads to abnormal sarcomere structure. This project unraveled an unexpected role played by ERK1/2 signaling in actin dynamics and in the development of left-ventricular dysfunction in LMNA cardiomyopathy
N'Guyen, Yohan. "Détection moléculaire des formes complètes et tronquées en région 5’non codante des Entérovirus et conséquences sur la réponse inflammatoire chez des patients souffrant de myocardite ou de cardiomyopathie dilatée Virus detection and semiquantitation in explanted heart tissues of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy adult patients by use of PCR coupled with mass spectrometry analysis Enterovirus but not Parvovirus B19 is associated with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and endomyocardial CD3, CD68, or HLA-DR expression Major Persistent 5' Terminally Deleted Coxsackievirus B3 Populations in Human Endomyocardial Tissues Enterovirus Persistence in Cardiac Cells of Patients With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Is Linked to 5' Terminal Genomic RNA-Deleted Viral Populations With Viral-Encoded Proteinase Activities." Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMM203.
Full textMajor enterovirus (EV) populations characterized by 5’ terminal genomic RNA deletions (TD) ranging up to 50 nucleotides were previously identified in cardiac tissues from acute myocarditis and chronic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients. Dynamics of emergence and impact of various EV-TD populations onto the inflammatory response remains unknown. Using a PCR-MS approach EV-RNAs were detected alone (32%) or with PVB19 genomes in 48 % of patients with an idiopathic DCM. Among these patients, EV- RNA was associated with a positive endomyocardial CD3, CD68 ou HLA-DR immunostaining. In these EV-DCM cases, a quantitative "RACE-PCR" system showed that 37 to 50 nt EV-TD forms were the major persistant viral populations (80%) in association with 15 to 36 nt EV-TD (19%) and full-length (FL) (1%) forms. In samples from myocarditis cases, levels of 37 to 50 nt EVB-TD forms (84%) appeared to be statistically higher than other EV-TD (8%) and FL forms (8%) (P<10-3). Among severe myocarditis cases subgroup, levels of 15 to 36 nt EV-TD forms were significantly higher (P=0.02)) and associated with higher IFN-β mRNA levels (P=0.02)) than in non-severe myocarditis patients. HCM transfection of synthetic 8 to 36 nt EV-TD forms induced higher IFN-β mRNA (P<10-3) and cytokine levels (P=0.02) comparatively to those obtained after transfection by others deleted EV RNA forms. EV-RNA TD populations appeared to be major in acute myocarditis and DCM cases. Moreover, the proportions of minor 15 to 36nt EV-TD forms could modulate the innate immune sensing mechanisms in cardiomyocytes and therefore the clinical severity of cardiac infection
Morales, Rodríguez Blanca. "Exploration of altered molecular pathways involved in pathophysiology of LMNA-cardiomyopathy." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS327.
Full textDilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by enlargement of the left ventricular chamber, resulting in poor left ventricular function. Mutations in LMNA gene have been identified in patients presenting dilated cardiomyopathy (i.e. LMNA-cardiomyopathy), often leading to heart failure. Although early treatments may delay progression, more definitive therapies await better understanding of the molecular basis to develop treatments. The main aim of my thesis was to decipher molecular pathways implicated in the development of the disease. In the 1st part of my thesis I showed an increased oxidative stress levels in the hearts of LmnaH222P/H222P mice, associated with a decrease of glutathione. Oral administration of N-acetyl cysteine led to a marked improvement of glutathione content, a decrease in oxidative stress markers including protein carbonyls and an improvement of left ventricular structure and function in a model of LMNA-cardiomyopathy. The 2nd part of my thesis aims to investigate the abnormal elevated cardiac expression level of sarcolipin (SLN), an inhibitor of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) in the hearts of LmnaH222P/H222P mice. I studied its implication in the development of the LMNA-cardiomyopathy inducing an overexpression in cardiac cell lines as well as in wild type mice. Simultaneously, hypothesizing a pathological effect of SLN overexpression, I used RNA interference to inhibit its expression. These findings suggest that sarcolipin is a critical regulator of SERCA in LMNA-cardiomyopathy. Collectively, these results provide molecular insights into LMNA-cardiomyopathy and open novel therapeutic avenue for this debilitating cardiac disease
Montaudon, Elodie. "Etude des effets des auto-anticorps anti-récepteurs β1- et β3- adrénergiques sur le système cardiovasculaire chez le rat Lewis." Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2015. https://doc-veto.oniris-nantes.fr/GED_CHN/197436891561/Montaudon_Elodie.pdf.
Full textMontaudon, Elodie. "Etude des effets des auto-anticorps anti-récepteurs β1- et β3- adrénergiques sur le système cardiovasculaire chez le rat Lewis." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT069F.
Full textGretteau, Paul-Antoine. "Identification d’échanges génétiques modulaires entre des populations d’ARN complets ou tronqués en région 5’non codante d’Entérovirus du groupe B dans des cardiomyocytes humains primaires : impact sur la pathogénèse des cardiomyopathies dilatées inexpliquées chez l’Homme." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMM203.
Full textGroup-B Enteroviruses (EV-B) are a common cause of human acute myocarditis, a disease that is a precursor of chronic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the viral molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of acute to chronic myocarditis and subsequently to DCM remain unknown. Using NGS approach, we detected persistent major EV-B populations characterized by 5’ terminal genomic deletions ranging from 17 to 50 nucleotides associated with minor complete viral forms in explanted hearts of DCM cases. To assess their impact on cardiomyocyte functions, we transfected viral RNA clones mimicking the viral genomes found in patients’ tissues into primary human cardiomyocytes (HCM). Our findings demonstrated that the major persistent 5’ deleted viral forms alone or associated with full-length populations of helper RNAs could impair cardiomyocyte functions by viral 2Apro activities in EV-DCM cases. To assess the existence of genomic recombination mechanisms between persistent deleted and full-length viral helper populations, we used a recombination assay based on the rescue of non-replicative EV-B RNAs transfected in HCM. This in vitro approach produced major (75%) non-homologous recombinants that nucleotides sequencing characterized modular exchanges into the spacers 1 & 2 of the 5’NC region. Our findings indicate the existence of genomic recombination events through which, 5’ deleted and complete collaborative EV-B populations could significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of unexplained DCM cases. A better understanding of these viral persistence mechanisms will stimulate new therapeutic strategies research for chronic infections caused by EV-B
Moreau, Adrien. "Le pore oméga, un défaut biophysique commun aux mutations des canaux Nav1.5 causant le développement des arythmies associées à la cardiomyopathie dilatée." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27241.
Full textVoltage gated sodium channels (Nav) are broadly expressed in the human body. They are responsible for the initiation of action potentials (AP) in excitable cells. They underlie several physiological processes such as the cognitive, the sensitive, the motor and the cardiac functions. Nav1.5 channel is the main Nav expressed in the heart. Their dysfunctions are usually associated to the development of pure electrical disorders. However, mutations of Nav1.5 have recently been linked to the development of an atypical clinical phenotype combining complex arrhythmias and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The main objective of my thesis has been to identify and characterize a common biophysical defect for all Nav1.5 mutations located in the channel’s voltage sensitive domains (VSDs) and associated with the atypical clinical phenotype. We were first interested in the case of two families of patients who displayed the same clinical phenotype although they carried two different Nav1.5 mutations, which have been reported to induce divergent biophysical defects. We identified a new alternative permeation pathway (called omega pore or gating pore) in the VSD of mutant Nav1.5 channels. This omega pore might constitute a common biophysical defect for all Nav1.5 mutations located in the channel’s VSDs. The second axe consisted in strengthening the association between mutations in the VSD of Nav1.5 and the creation of a gating pore. This research, based on the study of two other Nav1.5 mutations, confirmed the creation of an omega pore and increased the suspicion of the cardiovascular pathogenic potential of such an alternative permeation pathway. Finally, we studied a fifth Nav1.5 mutation. We used this mutation to characterize the pathological consequences of the creation of an omega pore. This study revealed that the creation of an omega pore disrupts the ionic homeostasis of cardiomyocytes. This homeostatic imbalance then affects electrical signals, cell morphology and also the function of cardiac myocytes. The studies of my thesis permitted to identify the omega pore as a potential common biophysical defect of Nav1.5 mutations located in the channel’s VSDs and associated to the arrhythmias and DCM. Furthermore, we also identified the pathological mechanism linking these mutations and the observed atypical clinical phenotype.
Serose, Armelle. "Développement d'une nouvelle approche thérapeutique basée sur IGF-1 pour la cardiomyopathie dilatée dans un modèle de hamster déficient en delta-sarcoglycane." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00186657.
Full textL'objectif de cette thèse a été d'évaluer les effets d'un traitement novateur de la CMD dans les dystrophies musculaires, en utilisant le hamster de la lignée CHF147. La démarche proposée est d'induire un phénomène compensateur de la dilatation cardiaque et ainsi d'améliorer le pronostic vital, en utilisant les propriétés de l'Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1).
Des hamsters CHF147 jeunes ont été traités pendant un temps court, de façon systémique avec la protéine recombinante IGF-1 (rhIGF-1) à faible dose. Les effets macroscopiques, histologiques et fonctionnels du traitement ont été évalués 35 jours après le début de celui-ci et les voies de signalisation impliquées dans l'induction des effets observés ont été étudiées. Une étude de survie a été réalisée afin de mesurer les effets du traitement à long terme. L'évaluation des effets à court terme de l'administration de rhIGF-1 sur la CMD du hamster CHF147 indique un ralentissement de la dilatation des cavités cardiaques ainsi que de l'extension de la fibrose myocardique, et une préservation de multiples paramètres fonctionnels, tels que le débit cardiaque, le volume d'éjection, la pression de fin de diastole et, en particulier, la contractilité myocardique. Les effets observés sont dus en partie à des modifications au niveau des protéines impliquées dans le cycle du calcium. A long terme, la survie des hamsters CHF147 traités augmente significativement d'environ 20% et est associée à une préservation partielle de la fonction cardiaque.
Toutefois, une augmentation du niveau sérique d'IGF-1 pourrait augmenter le risque d'effets secondaires délétères. Afin de limiter les effets systémiques d'IGF-1 et de cibler son administration au cœur, nous avons injecté localement le plasmide pCMV-IGF1 codant pour l'IGF-1 dans le myocarde des hamsters CHF147. Les effets du traitement ont été évalués après 35 jours et montrent des résultats comparables à ceux obtenus avec la protéine rhIGF-1.
En conclusion, ce travail de thèse a montré qu'un traitement basé sur IGF-1 permet de ralentir l'évolution de la CMD des hamsters CHF147, en préservant la structure et la fonction cardiaques, et d'améliorer significativement leur survie. IGF-1 semble donc être un candidat prometteur pour la mise au point d'une approche par thérapie génique dans l'insuffisance cardiaque, due à une CMD, dans le contexte des dystrophies musculaires.
Montnach, Jérôme. "Troubles du rythme et cardiomyopathies associés au canal sodique Nav1. 5." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=940e902f-9389-40db-8e3f-3d354365b389.
Full textNav1. 5 is the main sodium channel implicated in genesis and propagation of cardiac action potential. Currently, it's a part of a macromolecular complex involved in electrical and structural disorders. In a first part, we have characterized myocardial remodelling in a mouse model heterozygously invalidated for Scn5a (Scn5a+/- mice). We demonstrated that ventricular fibrotic process is TGF-β dependant and is associated with Connexin43 expression and organization remodelling. We also demonstrated that reduction of sodium current is not sufficient to induce pathology, the loss of Nav1. 5 protein is the fundamental in this process. This study shows a functional interaction between Nav1. 5 and Connexin43 in the Lenègre disease processing. In a second part, we have developed a new mice model for type 3 long QT syndrome, the Scn5a+/ΔQKP mice. This model reproduces the phenotype of the human mutation carriers, long QT syndrome, ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure. In vivo study permits to confirm persistent sodium current and to focus on pathological remodelling of calcium cycle's proteins. Acute treatment using Ranolazine suppresses arrhythmias and normalise QTc. That opens the possibility to use Ranolazine as a chronic treatment for mice and for patients witch develop type 3 long QT syndrome
Diguet, Nicolas. "Couplage de l’expression des gènes du cytosquelette et du métabolisme énergétique par le Facteur de Réponse au Sérum (SRF) : implications dans la cardiomyopathie dilatée." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066743.
Full textGary-Bobo, Guillaume. "Rôle du facteur de réponse au sérum dans le remodelage cardiaque post-natal chez la souris." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077063.
Full textSerum response factor (SRF) is involved in the transcription of numerous muscle-specific genes, differentiation and cardiac function. Two mouse models (Srf-flex2neo) have been obtained by the conditional deletion of SRF (total deletion: aMHC-MerCreMer Sf/Sf and partial deletion: Desmin-Cre Sf/Sf). The first model brings about a significant decrease in the expression of cardiac contractile proteins and leads to dilated cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure and finally death of the animal. The second model allows the mosaic expression of SRF, observed in about 50% of cardiomyocytes. The survival of the mutants is affected with half of the population dying before the age of 3 months following the development of a ventricular hypertrophy with congestive heart failure. Atrophic cardiomyocytes and tissue disorganization with focal fibrous lesions are found in the left ventricle. Two cellular populations are observed: SRF négative (atrophie) and SRF positive (hypertrophic) cardiomyocytes, their morphological heterogeneity being responsible for the appearance of focal lesions. Study on the therapeutic effects of overexpression of insulin growth-like factor (mlGF1) show that mlGF1 is capable of improving the phenotypic defects of mutants Desmine ⁻/⁻ but not those of mutants Desmine-Cre Sf/Sf, suggesting that SRF is an important mediator of the action of mlGFl Together these results show that SRF is necessary for adult cardiac function and that it has a central role in the mechanisms of cardiomyocyte remodeling in response to mechanical stress
Biquand, Ariane. "De la caractérisation de la cardiomyopathie dilatée à la modulation à visée thérapeutique des voies de signalisation impliquées dans le phénotype cardiaque de myopathies d’origine génétique." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASE004.
Full textDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common form of heart disease associated with genetic myopathies. It is characterized by myocardial hypokinesia and dilation of the heart chambers, which are linked to significant cardiac remodeling with cardiomyocyte damage and fibrosis. DCM is currently the leading cause of heart failure and heart transplantation. Among the myopathies, titin and dystrophin deficiencies are 2 of the most frequent forms associated with cardiac damage. Titin is a giant protein that plays a crucial role in the integrity of the sarcomere and passive muscle tension, especially in the heart. Dystrophin, encoded by DMD, is a structural protein of the sarcolemma, essential for maintaining the architecture and integrity of muscle fibers during muscle contraction. Mutations in DMD leads to Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The objective of this study was from the characterization of 2 models carrying mutations in the 2 genes of interest, to define modified molecular pathways which could be targeted by therapeutic approaches. Characterization of the skeletal muscle and heart of the titin model was made on morphological, functional and molecular levels. The characterization highlights a cardiac phenotype of DCM with decrease in systolic function and dilation of the left ventricle associated with fibrotic tissue. The dystrophin model was already characterized in the literature. The evaluation of the cardiac transcriptome by RNA sequencing in the 2 models allowed identification of common molecular cascades implicated in heart failure. Finally, the effect of modulating these pathways on the cardiac phenotype of the titin model, the most severe, was evaluated by pharmacological inhibitors and by gene transfer vectors targeting highly dysregulated genes. The modulation of these pathways allowed the decrease of some DCM parameters in the model. These modulations will now be carried out on the dystrophin model in order to define if these approaches can be generalized and therefore represent a target for generic approaches of dilated cardiomyopathy
Bugosen, José Antonio. "Myocardiopathie dilatée induite par une tachycardie jonctionnelle par rythme réciproque : guérison aprés électrofulguration d'un faisceau de Kent latent : à propos d'un cas." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M002.
Full textLiu, Hui. "Implication deTRPM4 dans des troubles du rythme cardiaque." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10084.
Full textBy using reverse genetics, the causal mutation of a familial cardiac conduction block was localized to the long arm of chromosome 19 in 13.3. After screening 12 candidate genes, we found 3 different mutations in three independent families with isolated cardiac conduction block. The consequences of these 3 mutations were explored by electrophysiological studies. In all 3 mutations it was a gain of function. Then, a cohort of 248 patients with a Brugada syndrome was studied. Eleven mutations were found in the TRPM4 gene in 20 patients. The electrophysiological consequences of these mutations were diverse. Then, cohorts of patients with long QT syndrome, atrial fibrillation, and dilated cardiomyopathy were studied. We found also mutations or predisposing variants in these patients. An electrophysiology study should be conducted to understand the role of TRPM4 in these other pathologies. Finally, our immunohistochemical study showed that TRPM4 is highly expressed in the cardiac conduction system but also although with less intensity in common auricular and ventricular cardiomyocytes. This work implied for the first time the TRPM4 gene in human diseases. This work provides the basis to understand the role of the TRPM4 channel in cardiac function. This is a prerequisite to be able to develop novel therapies in the future
Hovhannisyan, Yeranuhi. "Modélisation cardiaque des myopathies myofibrillaires à l'aide de cellules souches pluripotentes induites pour explorer la pathogenèse cardiaque Polyacrylamide Hydrogels with Rigidity-Independent Surface Chemistry Show Limited Long-Term Maintenance of Pluripotency of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells on Soft Substrates Modéliser la myopathie myofibrillaire pour élucider la pathogenèse cardiaque Synemin-related skeletal and cardiac myopathies: an overview of pathogenic variants Desmin prevents muscle wasting, exaggerated weakness and fragility, and fatigue in dystrophic mdx mouse Effects of the selective inhibition of proteasome caspase-like activity by CLi a derivative of nor-cerpegin in dystrophic mdx mice." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS095.
Full textMyofibrillar Myopathy is a slowly progressive neuromuscular disease characterized by severe muscular disorders caused by mutations in the gene encoded cytoskeletal proteins. One of the genes described in connection with the development of MFM is DES. Mutations in the desmin gene lead to skeletal and cardiac muscles myopathies. However, the cardiac pathological consequences caused by them remain poorly understood. My objective is to create an in vitro human stem cell model of MFM to specifically investigate the role of patient-specific mutations in desmin on cardiac lineage development and function. To achieve that objective, in collaboration with Drs. Behin and K. Wahbi and Phenocell, we generate patient-specific iPSC from peripheral blood cells of the patient suffering severel form of desmin-deficient cardiomyopathy. The generated iPSC lines carrying DES gene mutations enable a powerful examination of the role of desmin mutation on cardiomyocyte specification and function. Bioenergetic, structural, and contractile function will be assessed in a single cell. In conclusion, it should be noted that desmin mutations lead to a disorganization of sarcomere structures in cardiomyocytes and to a perturbation of mitochondrial protein expression. This leads to a distortion of functions in the mitochondria. These data facilitate the understanding of the molecular pathway underlying the development of desmin-related myopathy. And the system we have created could also allow us to better evaluate the correlation between the desmin genotype and phenotype in terms of effect on the heart
Jebeniani, Imen. "Etude in vitro et in vivo d'une cardiomyopathie secondaire à une laminopathie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0025.
Full textThe LMNA H222P missense mutation in autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy patients is responsible for a muscular dystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy. The molecular mechanisms underlying the origin and development of the pathology are still unknown. Herein, we used mouse pluripotent stem cells as well as a mutant mouse, all harboring the LMNA H222P mutation, to investigate potential therapeutic approaches. Echocardiography of LMNA H222P mice in utero revealed dilatation of heart as early as E13.5, pointing to a developmental origin of the disease. Cardiac differentiation of mouse pluripotent stem cells was impaired as early as the mesodermal stage. Expression of Mesp1, a mesodermal cardiogenic gene as well as snail1 and twist, involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of epiblast cells, was decreased in mutated cells when compared to wild type in the course of differentiation. In turn, cardiomyocyte differentiation was impaired. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays of the H3K4me1 epigenetic mark in differentiating cells revealed a specific decrease of this histone mark on regulatory regions of MesP1 and Twist. Downregulation or inhibition of LSD1, that specifically demethylates H3K4me1, rescued the epigenetic landscape in mutated cells. In turn downregulation of LSD1 rescued contraction in cardiomyocytes differentiated from LMNA H222P pluripotent stem cells. Our data point to LSD1 inhibitor, used in clinical trials in cancerology, as potential therapeutic molecule for laminopathies with a cardiac phenotype
Mazevet, Marianne. "Etude de la cardiotoxicité induite par les traitements anticancéreux : Rôle d’Epac dans la cardiotoxicité induite par la Doxorubicine." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS190/document.
Full textThe mechanisms underlying doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity involve reactive oxygen species generation, DNA intercalation and topoisomerase II (TopII) inhibition which trigger DNA damage, oxidative stress, alteration of calcium homeostasis and lead to cardiomyocyte death. Now, evidences have emerged that Dox may promote cardiotoxicity by alternative mechanisms or by signaling pathways modulation including β-adrenergic signaling unrelated directly to cell death. This study provides in vitro and in vivo evidence of the guanine exchange factor directly activated by Epac role, a guanine exchange factor directly activated by cyclic AMP produced after β-AR stimulation, in cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. Indeed, Dox leads to the development of a dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) 15 weeks post treatment in mice associated with calcium homeostasis abnormalities. These alterations were associated with time- and dose-dependent alterations of Epac signaling. The same alterations of Epac signaling were observed in vitro after 24h of dox treatment. Furthermore, we first showed that the specific pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of Epac1 but not Epac2 prevents the deleterious effects of Dox in vitro. These cardioprotection were confirmed in vivo in transgenic Knock-out Epac1 mice. Epac 1 inhibition did not interfere with the attempted Dox antitumor efficiency on tumor cell lines. Altogether, these findings identify the cAMP-binding protein, Epac, as a potential therapeutic target of dox-induced cardiotoxicity
Chakouri, Nourdine. "Mécanismes physiopathologiques précoces impliqués dans différentes cardiomyopathies induites." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONT4001.
Full textCardiac pathophysiological stress is generally associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROSs are involved in several physiological mechanisms, however, high levels of ROS production induce deleterious changes in contractile performance and lead to adverse cardiac remodeling. It is now established that significant oxidative stress results in impaired expression and/or function of sarcomeric proteins and contribute to contractile dysfunctions observed in various cardiac pathologies.This work aim to study the oxidative stress impact on cardiac contractile function in-vivo, ex-vivo, and in-vitro, in different models of cardiac pathophysiological stress. Specifically, we studied the in-vitro contractile machinery early remodeling, including post-translational modifications of sarcomeric proteins directly or indirectly related to ROS, and the consequences of these modifications on cardiac contractile function in-vivo and ex-vivo. For this purpose, we used two animal models of cardiac pathophysiological stress (intense physical exercise and chemotherapy) having different molecular mechanisms but connected by an important ROS production.Thus, this thesis work focused on the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in diastolic dysfunction induced by an exhausting physical exercise and the anthracyclines induced cardiomyopathy. In these studies, we investigated ROS-induced post-translational modifications of sarcomeric proteins (MyBP-C and TnI), as well as, the consequences on cardiac function in-vivo, ex-vivo, and in-vitro. This work has shown the oxidative pathway importance in the cardiac function regulation/deregulation. Especially, it demonstrates that the oxidative pathway can interfere with the adrenergic pathway to modify contractile properties (study #1). In addition, this work has shown that the oxidative pathway induces early heterogeneous changes across the left ventricle in contractile properties (study #2)
Laugier, Laurie. "Identification de marqueurs de susceptibilité dans les formes chroniques de la maladie de Chagas." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0226.
Full textChagas disease is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by the hematophagous insects. The disease is composed by acute and chronic phases. Among the infected individuals, 30 % develop chronic form. They suffer from heart, digestive (esophagus, colon) and cardiodigestives injury. Our study was focused on patients with dilated chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC). Our goal is to identify susceptibility genes that may be involved in the development of chronic forms. Our study revealed a variation in the expression of certain genes between CCC group and controls. We are also interested in epigenetic processes that can regulate the expression of genes. A study of the DNA methylation crossed with the transcriptome allowed us to identify genes presenting both variations in expression and methylation. For some of these genes we demonstrated that methylation is responsible for the expression variation observed. Finally, we studied a long non-coding RNA called MIAT. Our study demonstrated that it is overexpressed in CCC compared to controls and in a murine model infected by T. cruzi. Furthermore, the analysis of the expression of micro-RNAs crossed with transcriptome analysis allowed us to identify several micro-RNAs whose functions are essential in the regulation of gene expression. Finally, a proteomic study allowed us to demonstrate an increase in the production of protein for certain genes, correlated with the increase in expression levels observed
Julien, de Zelicourt Antoine-Jean de. "Rôle délétère de CD38 dans la myopathie de Duchenne et bénéfices thérapeutiques de son inhibition." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS501.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common rare disease, affecting about one in 3500 newborn boys in the world. This genetic disease originates from the loss of function of a gene carried by the X chromosome, encoding dystrophin, a protein of the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton complex. Dystrophin is normally expressed in all muscle types and its absence leads to membrane fragility. The disease is manifested by progressive degeneration of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles, which leads to the patient death at about 30 years of age, due to cardiac or respiratory failure.Two major consequences of the absence of dystrophin are a muscular abnormal high cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration linked to an excessive ryanodine receptors activation, and a deficit in cellular NAD+ levels leading to impaired energetic metabolism. This Ca2+ dysregulation will induce many pathophysiological Ca2+-dependent processes which, coupled with energetic impairment, leads to muscle cells necrosis or apoptosis.Interestingly, the enzyme CD38, is an important NAD+ consumer through its production of two-second messengers, namely NAADP and cyclic ADPR, known to be positive modulators of ryanodine receptors. Actually, CD38 contribution to DMD pathophysiology is not known. We hypothesized that CD38 activity could be deleterious in this pathology, and thus that its inhibition could be beneficial in DMD.We performed experiments in the mdx mouse, which is the main DMD rodent model. The first highlight of our study is that CD38 is actually more expressed and more active in the mdx mouse compared to WT, showing its high potential as therapeutic target in DMD. We then performed as proof of concept pharmacological experiments with a CD38 inhibitor. We found that mdx mice treated displayed endurance (grid time) and strength (grip test) restored to normal values. In order to study the long term role of CD38 in the mdx mouse, we then generated double mutant by crossing mdx mice with CD38-/- mice. We first evaluated the impact of CD38 on NAD+ consumption, by measuring NAD+ levels in various muscle tissues in mdx and in mdx/CD38-/-mice. Our data showed a dramatic deficit of NAD+ levels in all muscles extracted from mdx mice, whereas NAD+ levels were fully restored to normal values in mdx/CD38-/-mice. We also observed a considerable reduction in the pathological spontaneous Ca2+ activity in cardiomyocytes extracted from mdx/CD38-/- mice, associated with a normalization of RyR sensitivity. To further evaluate the beneficial effects of targeting CD38 in DMD, we then measured key histological and functional parameters in the mdx/CD38-/- mouse. The data obtained in mdx/CD38-/- mice demonstrated that deletion of CD38 in mdx mice strongly improves the structural and functional phenotype since we have a clear reduction in the onset of fibrosis and a very significant improvement of skeletal and respiratory function and a full recovery of the cardiac function. Finally, we show that deleting CD38 in mdx mice also prevented isoproterenol-induced heart failure and hypertrophy, a protocol which simulates the onset of cardiomyopathy in DMD patients.All these data strongly support the hypothesis that CD38 is a major contributor of the DMD phenotype and that a reduction in CD38 activity could prevent or delay the cellular damages resulting from both a deficit in NAD+ levels and a disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis in DMD. Last but not least, our study shows that the treatment of human myotubes derived from DMD patient with an anti-CD38 antibody reduces excessive Ca2+ release in these cells. This result strongly suggest that our innovative strategy could be rapidly applied in DMD patients, thanks to the recent development of human therapeutic anti-CD38 antibodies
Willott, Ruth Heather. "Functional analyses of cardiomyopathic contractile proteins : mutations in troponin that cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and familial dilated cardiomyopathy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400293.
Full textMcKenna, Charles J. "Dilated cardiomyopathy." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28586.
Full textLAURENT, JEAN-CYRIL. "Le bilan etiologique des cardiomyopathies dilatees : a propos de 111 patients hospitalises dans un service de cardiologie adulte sur une periode de huit ans." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M168.
Full textWAMPACH, HUBERT. "Mesure des volumes cardiaques par methode radio-isotopique dans les cardiopathies dilatees." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M306.
Full textTaylor, Matthew Roy Grayson. "Genetic analysis of dilated cardiomyopathy /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. IP filtered, 2005.
Find full textTypescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-149). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
Sharma, Sapna Devi. "The genetics of dilated cardiomyopathy." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425051.
Full textDESSEIGNE, PIERRE. "Arythmies ventriculaires graves dans la myocardiopathie dilatee primitive." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M178.
Full textBUFFERNE, THIERRY. "Place de la biopsie endomyocardique dans le bilan des cardiomyopathies dilatees : etude prospective de 62 observations." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF13073.
Full textLercher, Anne-Marie. "Pronostic et prise en charge des myocardiopathies dilatées : analyse à partir d'une série consécutive de 71 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M128.
Full textSOCIE, ARNOULD ISABELLE. "Myocardite virale de l'adulte : difficultes diagnostiques et place eventuelle de la myocardite dans le cadre des cardiomyopathies dilatees." Reims, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REIMM031.
Full textDucros, Marc. "Le cœur dans l'hémochromatose : intérêt de l'échocardiographie : à propos de neuf cas." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25036.
Full textAssomull, Ravi Gulab. "Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in dilated cardiomyopathy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607644.
Full textGazanhes-Juan, Sylvie. "La Cardiomyopathie de l'interféron : à propos d'un cas." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON11145.
Full textCohen, Niaz. "Molecular biology of X-linked dilated cardiomyopathy." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409407.
Full text