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Canada, Justin M. "Impaired Cardiorespiratory Fitness Following Thoracic Radiotherapy." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5499.
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Cancer (CA) is the second leading cause of death in the United States preceded only by cardiovascular disease (CVD). Over the past 30 years, the 5-year survival rate for all cancers combined has increased by more than 20%. This improved survival rate is due to early diagnosis and advances in treatment involving a multimodality treatment approach that includes radiotherapy [RT] with about half of all CA patients receiving some type of RT sometime during the course of their treatment. Cardiotoxicity is one of the most important adverse reactions of RT and leads to a meaningful risk of CVD-related morbidity and mortality. Radiotherapy-related cardiotoxicity is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome characterized by symptoms related to impaired cardiac function due to radiation-injury to one or more cardiac structures. Furthermore, the relative risk of CVD increases with increasing incidental radiation dose to the heart.
There is not a unified consensus on the definition of CA-related cardiotoxicity although most trials have focused on changes in resting systolic function, and/or development of cardiac symptoms.Commonly used tools to assess cardiac function are insensitive to minor injury hence subtle changes may go unnoticed for many years. Cardiotoxicity definitions should include a dynamic functional assessment of the CV system. This may allow detection of latent CV abnormalities before the precipitous decline of resting myocardial function or the development of CV symptomology that may impact quality of life.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) including measurement of peak oxygen consumption (VO2) is the gold standard for the assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong, independent predictor of mortality, CVD-related mortality, HF-related morbidity and mortality, CA-related mortality and may be involved in the pathophysiologic link between anti-CA related treatments and the increased risk of late CVD events. Emerging evidence indicates CRF may be reduced in CA survivors and have utility to detect subclinical cardiotoxicity, but this has not been evaluated in CA survivors treated with RT with significant heart involvement. This dissertation consists of one literature review and one comprehensive paper that will examine the ability of CPET to detect subclinical cardiotoxicity.
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Needham-Beck, Sarah. "Cardiorespiratory fitness in contemporary dance training and performance." Thesis, City, University of London, 2017. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/18150/.
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This PhD thesis presents a thorough investigation of the relevance and importance of cardiorespiratory fitness in contemporary dance training and performance. Through an initial introduction and literature review, gaps in the current understanding of, and challenges presented by, dance training and performance practices are highlighted, as are five commonly presented conclusions of previous research. Firstly, it is often stated that dance activity predominantly consists of intermittent work periods of varying intensities, secondly that significant differences exist in the cardiorespiratory demands of class, rehearsal, and performance, thirdly that class and rehearsal intensity is insufficient to elicit an aerobic training response, fourth that the aerobic capacity of dancers is relatively low, and, lastly that high injury rates in dancers are often attributed to fatigue and overwork. However methodological limitations of previous research put into question the accuracy and validity of these statements. In order to develop understanding and overcome some of these limitations, five research studies were designed as extensions and enhancements of previous studies in this area. Three aims of the PhD were stated: 1) to investigate cardiorespiratory demands of contemporary dance performance repertoire, 2) to investigate cardiorespiratory adaptation to contemporary dance training and performance, and 3) to critically appraise methods commonly used in physiological investigation into dance and propose recommendations for future research. The main findings are that cardiorespiratory adaptation in relation to dance training and performance is highly specific and only detected through relative change in the demand of dance activity itself. Findings suggest that measures of cardiorespiratory fitness related to aerobic capacity (VO2peak) and anaerobic threshold do not change over time and are not correlated to dance performance competence. It is emphasised throughout that current methodological limitations restrict our ability to accurately document the relative cardiorespiratory demands of dance performance and change in these across a period of extended training and/or performance. The highly varied nature of contemporary dance performance is discussed throughout, including fluctuations in demand experienced by individuals, and it is emphasised that this needs to be taken into consideration in future research. Potential implications of findings from the perspective of both the researcher and the dance educator are postulated as are the contributions made to the knowledge base.
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Wong, Susan Carol. "Cardiorespiratory fitness during pregnancy and its relationship to outcome." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25154.
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In order to determine the effects of aerobic fitness on pregnancy and the newborn 20 primigravid subjects were studied throughout their gestational period and immediately post-partum. The subjects were classified as trained (T=10) or untrained (UT=10) based on the heart rate response to submaximal cycle ergometry testing done in each trimester. Case room reports were reviewed after delivery. There was no difference between groups in the length of gestational period (T=40.75;UT=40.75 weeks) nor weight gained versus prepregnancy
measures (T=13.92; UT=13.30 kgs). The first stage of labour was extended in the UT, 13hrs.58.8min. vs 1lhrs.18.Omin. UT had a longer second stage, 90.57 vs 70.0 mins. for T. Stage 3 was also prolonged in UT, 15.17 vs 7.43 mins. In both groups analgesia and/or anaesthesia was used equally. Two of the 10 T females had caesarean sections vs 3 of the 10 in the UT group. The mean apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were: T=7.70, 9.20; UT=7.90, 9.33, respectively. The birth weights of the T babies were marginally larger than the UT newborns (3733.00 vs 3679.97 gms). The T newborns were 8 males and 2 females, and the UT were 5 males and 5 females. All babies were healthy and without apparent abnormalities. There appears to be no positive or negative effects of maternal fitness on the newborn. The reduction in the active stage of labour in the T group may reflect their improved fitness levels.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Assah, Felix Kembe. "Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic health in Cameroon." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608687.
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Armstrong, Neil. "The physical activity patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness of children aged 11 to 16 years : with reference to sex, chronological age, sexual maturity and selected coronary risk factor variables." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329840.
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Martin, Emily Cecile. "Manual Development and Pilot Testing of a Mindfulness- and Acceptance-Based Intervention for Increasing Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Sedentary Adults." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77311.
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The aim of this research project was to conduct a manual development study and an open clinical trial in order to demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of a mindfulness and acceptance based intervention for increasing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in sedentary adults through adherence to a fitness walking program. Development of the treatment manual followed a 3-phase process (literature review and initial draft preparation, expert review, draft revision) based on expert systems analysis, and organizational structure was derived from Carroll and Nuro's Stage Model for Psychotherapy Manual Development. Field experts (N=3) were provided with the manual draft, as well as a semi-structured interview form for revision data. The manual included treatment introduction sections for the therapist and the participant, as well as 8 topic modules. In the10-week open trial, sedentary adults (N=24) engaged in a fitness walking program, while attending regular group therapy sessions whose content was based primarily on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Results indicated a large significant decrease in total walk test time [t(18) = 4.61, p = .0002, d = 0.64], with a mean decrease of 64.69 seconds. A moderate significant increase in estimated V0₂max [t(18) = -4.05, p = .0007, d = -0.43] was also evidenced, with a mean increase of 2.9 ml/kg/min. Analyses indicate a moderate non-significant increase in general experiential acceptance as measured by the AAQ-II [t(18) = 1.18, p = .26, d = 0.37], and a large significant increase in experiential acceptance of exercise-related internal experiences [t(18) = -9.19, p < .0001, d = -2.09] as measured by the PA-AAQ. Finally, feasibility and acceptability of the intervention were demonstrated through high levels of adherence to the walking program, group attendance, and measures of comprehension. This study demonstrated the usefulness of ACT in the field of behavioral medicine, particularly with health behavior change.Ph. D.
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Ruiz, Jonatan Ruiz. "Cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and adolescents /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-158-6/.
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Belanger, Kevin. "The Importance of Risk Stratification and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Pediatric Obesity." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30397.
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Ninety-four children (age 8-17 yrs; BMI ≥ 95th percentile) were staged according to their risk profile in manuscript one by the Edmonton Obesity Staging System for Pediatrics (EOSS-P) based on metabolic, mechanical, mental and/or family risk factors. Children completed a maximal treadmill test yielding VO2peak data (mlO2/kg/min). Children were stratified into three groups: (Stage 1 n=28; Stage 2 n=47; Stage 3 n=19). VO2peak was significantly lower in Stage 3 (p = 0.02) compared to Stages 1 and 2. Children were re-stratified into three groups for manuscript two without the family category of the EOSS-P applied: Low Risk (LR) (n=40); Elevated Risk (ER) (n=45); and High Risk (HR) (n=9). VO2peak was significantly lower in the HR group (p = 0.04) compared to the LR group. Stage 3/HR children (highest risk category) in both manuscripts displayed the lowest levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, suggesting an increased risk for complications associated with pediatric obesity.
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Barry, Allison Michelle. "An Investigation of Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Career Firefighters." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29729.
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Firefighters are responsible for protecting citizens as well as the infrastructure of cities across the United States. In order to safely protect and perform on-duty tasks, firefighters must be capable of performing physiologically demanding skills. Emerging evidence has led to heightened concern for firefighters? increased obesity levels and decreased physical activity (PA). Formal exercise and PA research specific to firefighters is lacking. More specifically, there is a lack of literature using accelerometers to objectively measure PA. There is more evidence, however, to demonstrate firefighters have a high prevalence of obesity surpassing the general population. Not only are firefighters overweight and inactive, but also they are not aerobically fit to adequately perform their job-specific tasks. Purpose: To examine the relationship of PA and obesity to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Methods: Firefighters (n=29) wore an accelerometer for eight consecutive on- and off-duty days. The accelerometer was worn on the right hip and tracked sedentary activity, light physical activity (LPA), moderate physical activity (MPA), vigorous physical activity (VPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MPVA). Additionally, each participant completed a stage-graded exercise test with submaximal square-wave verification bout to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). A stepwise linear regression model was conducted using physical activity intensity, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) as predictor variables for CRF. Results: According to the World Health Organization BMI categorization, none were normal weight, 20 were overweight, and 9 were obese. Firefighters spent roughly 61% of their waking hours in sedentary activity, 35.4% in LPA, and only 3.6% in MVPA. The two linear regression models were used to investigate whether PA intensity, step count, physical activity rating scale, BMI, or WC were more predictive of VO2max. VPA was predictive of VO2max (F(1,27) = 7.89, R2 = 0.23, p <0.01). Additionally, when BMI and WC were added, only WC was predictive of VO2max (F(1,27) = 11.76, R2 = 0.30, p<0.01). Conclusion: It is imperative fire departments emphasize the importance of cultivating an environment where improved health and wellness is essential for firefighters to adequately perform their physiologically demanding tasks.
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Hieronymus, Mathias. "THE EFFECTS OF CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS ON SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1249835075.
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Arens, Peter Jacob. "The Relationship Between Television Viewing Time and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adult Women." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4257.
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Purpose: The present investigation was conducted to assess the relationship between television viewing time and cardiorespiratory fitness. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Intermountain West. Participants: 302 middle-aged women. Method: TV viewing was assessed using a questionnaire. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using a maximal graded treadmill test. Physical activity (PA) was evaluated using Actigraph accelerometers worn over seven consecutive days, while body fat percentage (BF%) was measured using air displacement plethysmography (Bod Pod). Results: (Mean ± SD) age: 40.2 ± 3.0 years. VO2max of the frequent (≥ 3hrs/day) TV group (32.6 ± 6.4) was significantly lower than both the moderate (1-2 hrs/day) (36.2 ± 7.2) and infrequent (<1hr/day) (36.5 ± 6.5) TV groups (F = 8.0, P = 0.0004). The infrequent and moderate groups did not differ significantly from each other. Differences in age, education, BMI, and season of assessment had no influence on the relationship when controlled individually. Adjusting for differences in physical activity (F = 4.2, P = 0.0157) weakened the relationship by 59.4%, and adjusting for differences in BF% (F = 5.0, P = 0.0071) weakened the association by 58.5%, but in both cases, the relationships remained significant. After controlling for both PA and BF% simultaneously (F = 2.9, P = 0.0572), the relationship was weakened by 80.7% and was only borderline significant. Conclusion: Frequent female TV viewers have significantly lower cardiorespiratory fitness levels than moderate or infrequent viewers. This association appears to be largely a function of differences in both PA and BF%.
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Kwon, Soyang. "Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, adiposity, and cardiovascular health in children and adolescents." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/535.
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The goal of this dissertation research was to better understand relationships among physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory fitness, adiposity, and cardiovascular (CV) health in children and adolescents. The aim of the first paper was to examine whether fitness and adiposity are independently associated with CV risk factors during puberty. Study participants were 126 prepubertal Caucasian children participating in a longitudinal four-year follow-up study. Fitness level was determined by VO2 max (L/min) obtained from maximal graded exercise testing and adiposity level was determined by the sum of skinfolds. Gender-specific individual growth curve models, including both VO2 max and the sum of skinfolds simultaneously, were fit to predict CV risk factor variables. Models also included covariates such as age, height, weight, and pubertal stage by the Tanner criteria. In both boys and girls, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, and systolic blood pressure percentile were positively associated with the sum of skinfolds (P < 0.05), but not with VO2 max (P > 0.05). In conclusion, fitness was not associated with CV risk factors, after adjusting for adiposity, among healthy adolescents. This study suggests that adiposity may play a role in the mechanism underlying the effect of fitness on CV health during puberty. The aim of the second paper was to examine whether early adiposity level is inversely associated with subsequent PA behaviors in childhood. Study participants were 326 children participating in the Iowa Bone Development Study. PA and fat mass were measured using accelerometers and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at approximately 5, 8, and 11 years of age. Gender-specific generalized linear models were fit to examine the association between percent body fat (BF%) at age 8 and intensity-weighted moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (IW-MVPA) at age 11. After adjusting for IW-MVPA at age 8, an interval between the age 5 and 8 examinations, residualized change scores of BF% and IW-MVPA from age 5 to 8 and mother's education level, BF% at age 8 was inversely associated with IW-MVPA at age 11 among boys (P < 0.05). After adjusting for IW-MVPA at age 8, physical maturity, and family income, BF% at age 8 was inversely associated with IW-MVPA at age 11 among girls (P < 0.05). Categorical analysis also showed that the odd of being in the lowest quartile relative to the highest quartile of IW-MVPA at three-year follow-up for boys and girls with high BF% was approximately four times higher than the odd for those with low BF% (P < 0.05). This study suggests that adiposity levels may be a determinant of PA behavior. Specific intervention strategies for overweight children may be needed to promote PA. The aim of the third paper was to examine whether accelerometer-measured daily light-intensity PA is inversely associated with DXA-derived body fat mass during childhood. The study sample was 577 children participating in the longitudinal Iowa Bone Development Study. Fat mass and PA were measured at about 5, 8, and 11 years of age. Two PA indicators were used, applying two accelerometer count cut-points: the daily sum of accelerometer counts during light-intensity PA (IW-LPA) and the daily sums of accelerometer counts during high-light-intensity PA (IW-HLPA). Measurement time point- and gender-specific multivariable linear regression models were fit to predict fat mass based on IW-LPA and IW-HLPA, including covariates, such as age, birth weight, fat-free mass, height, IW-MVPA and maturity (only for girls). Among boys, both IW-LPA and IW-HLPA were inversely associated with fat mass at age 11 (P < 0.05), but not at ages 5 and 8. Among girls, both LPA variables were inversely associated with fat mass at ages 8 and 11 (P < 0.10 for LPA at age 11, P < 0.05 for others), but not at age 5. In conclusion, this study suggests that light-intensity PA may have a preventive effect against adiposity among older children.
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Oliphant, Quentin. "The Association of Gender and Socioeconomic Position with Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/595.
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This meta-analysis investigated the association of gender and socioeconomic position with cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents. Public health professionals know the importance of physical activity level as a modifiable behavior; however, the literature has revealed that more research is needed on the association of sociodemographic variables like gender and socioeconomic position with cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents. Using the physical fitness and health outcomes conceptual model as a guide, the overall effect sizes across studies were assessed as well as the moderators of study design, sample size, age, and country. A systematic review of literature identified a total of 18 peer-reviewed studies meeting inclusion criteria, which yielded a total of 41 unique effect sizes. Meta-analysis utilizing a random effects model indicated that gender and socioeconomic position are associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and that age and country moderated these effects. The positive social change implication of this meta-analysis may provide evidence-based knowledge to public health officials, physical educators, and health educators who are considering changes in school health promotion policies and health promotion interventions geared toward different gender and socioeconomic groups. Long term results include increased physical activity, decreased clustered cardiovascular risk factors, and lowered all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality as adolescents track into adulthood.
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Wehrli, Kenneth Wayne. "Evaluation of a shallow water running test for the estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/935935.
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The direct measurement of maximal oxygen consumption (V02 max) has always been the benchmark for the determination of Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, the time and expense of that type of testing does not lend itself to students in activity classes or adult fitness participants. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of a 500 yard shallow water run test in determining CRF. A commonly used field test, the 1.5 mile run, was used as a basis for comparison during the 500 yard water run. Subjects in this study included 15 men and 28 women that completed a 1.5 mile run and a 500 yard shallow water run as well as a graded exercise test to fatigue on a treadmill. Correlations between 1.5 mile runs and the 500 yard shallow water run and VO2 peak were -.89 and -.80 respectively. In addition to simple regression analysis, multiple regression analysis was used to significantly improve the prediction of CRF (p<0.05). Peak HR during the 1.5 mile run significantly improved the 1.5 mile run prediction of CRF (R2=0.78 to 0.82) with a reduction in SEE (3.95 to 3.52 ml/kg/min) from the simple regression alone. Percent body fat and subject height improved the 500 yard shallow water runs prediction of CRF (R2=0.62 to 0.86) with a reduction in SEE (5.14 to 3.19 ml/kg/min). In conclusion the 500 yard shallow water run can be used to accurately predict CRF and with the addition of percent body fat and height provide a better prediction of CRF.School of Physical Education
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Paggiosi, Margaret Anne. "Oxygen uptake kinetics in the frequency domain as a test for cardiorespiratory fitness." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1998. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20158/.
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Oxygen uptake kinetics describe the characteristics of the rate of change of VO[2] in response to the onset of exercise or a change in work rate. There is a lack of knowledge concerning the use of VO[2] kinetics in the frequency domain as a test for cardiorespiratory fitness. The PRBS exercise test has been developed to study the dynamic responses of the cardiorespiratory system to random changes in submaximal work rate. This exercise test technique provides a multi-frequent assessment of VO[2] kinetics that can be expressed in terms of amplitude (ml-min[-1]W[-1]) or phase shift (degrees) over a frequency range of 0.0022 to 0.0089 Hz. The VO[2] kinetics of young women were investigated using this submaximal test during which the work rate was alternated between two levels. The upper work rate level was chosen to be below the ventilatory threshold. In the first experiment, the variability of replicate tests was investigated in a cohort of eight moderately active women (age = 22.6 +/- 0.8 years). Although there were wide limits of agreement between the two tests there was no significant difference between test 1 and test 2.In a second experiment to test the discriminant ability, oxygen uptake kinetics were compared to VO[2peak] in twenty-eight sedentary or moderately active young women (age = 22.9 +/-3.1 years). The PRBS exercise test technique was able to discriminate between a group of subjects with lower VO[2peak] (VO[2peak] = 32.3 +/- 3.3 ml-kg-1min-1) and a group of subjects with higher VO[2peak] (VO[2peak] = 41.1 +/- 3.2 ml-kg-1min-1). Differences in VO[2] kinetics occurred at frequencies of 0.0022 Hz for amplitude, and at frequencies of 0.0022 Hz to 0.0067 Hz for phase shift. Significant relationships were found to exist between VO[2peak] and VO[2] kinetics at frequencies of 0.0022Hz, 0.0044 Hz and 0.0067 Hz. The following model explained the highest proportion of the variation between VO[2peak] and VO[2] kinetics (r = - 0.72, P0.001): VO[2peak] (in ml-kg[-1]min[-1]) = 0.503(phase shift at 0.0067 Hz) (in degrees) + 72.24In a third experiment to test the sensitivity to detect change, both VO[2] kinetics and VO[2peak] were measured before, during and after an eight week endurance-type training programme completed by fifteen young women (age = 21.6 +/- 1.9 years). Thirteen young women (age = 24.3 +/-3.5 years) acted as a non-training control group. Faster VO[2] kinetics were measured at a frequency of 0.0044 Hz for amplitude and at frequencies of 0.0022Hz to 0.0067 Hz for phase shift following the training programme. Increases in VO[2peak] also occurred as a result of the exercise regimen. No changes in either VO[2] kinetics or VO[2peak] were observed in the non-training group. This study showed that the PRBS exercise test technique was sensitive to short-term endurance-type training adaptations. In conclusion, the parameters measured during the PRBS exercise test provide valuable information that can not be gained from a standard assessment of VO[2] kinetics in the time domain. It is proposed that this exercise test technique has potential as a means of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness within the area of sports science and within the clinical environment.
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Conard, Shelby Nicole. "The Relationship of Injury and Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Effective Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Firefighters." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28762.
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Quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an essential component in cardiac arrest survival. Research indicates that a first responder?s performance is generally inadequate due to many factors including fatigue or distractions. One factor that has not been studied is prior musculoskeletal injuries. This study aims to determine if a correlation exists between firefighter?s CPR performance, fatigue, and prior musculoskeletal injuries. Twenty-nine urban firefighters participated. Researchers were supplied with basic demographics and a self-reported musculoskeletal injury history through secondary injury questionnaires. Participants performed five rounds of single-rescuer CPR followed by a graded exercise test (GXT), then another set of five rounds of CPR. Results indicated that BMI was a predictor for overall CPR score pre-GXT, and BMI and back pain were indicators for full chest recoil percentage pre-GXT. We conclude that an increased BMI may positively impact CPR performance, and the presence of back pain may have a negative impact on performance.
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Ho, Sheau-Yan. "The impact of depression on treatment adherence and cardiorespiratory fitness in cardiac rehabilitation." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/789.
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Major depression and coronary heart disease are two strongly linked, major causes of death and disability. After an acute coronary event, many patients are referred to cardiac rehabilitation (CR), a medically supervised exercise intervention and lifestyle training program. Depression may partially account for poor CR adherence and resulting cardiovascular problems in patients with a history of heart disease; however, underlying mechanisms through which depression impacts cardiac functioning are not well understood. The current project tests a theoretical model in which CR adherence (i.e., number of CR sessions attended) mediates the relation between baseline depression and cardiorespiratory fitness after CR. A community sample of 858 older adults initiating CR after hospitalization for a coronary event completed a symptom-limited exercise stress test before and after the 12-week program. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured via VO2max, peak MET, and total duration of the stress test. Depression was measured at baseline using the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale. CR adherence did not mediate the relation between baseline depression scores and fitness outcomes. Path analyses revealed that higher baseline depression severity predicted lower likelihood of CR completion (i.e., completion of all 36 sessions, or fewer if limited by insurance or terminated early for good prognosis) in the full sample. Higher levels of depression predicted poorer CR adherence in a subsample of 74 patients with moderate to severe depression. These findings lend support to depression as a predictor of treatment nonadherence in CR. Screening for depression in the context of coronary heart disease and implementing evidence-based depression interventions in secondary prevention settings can help alleviate a massive public health burden.
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Wimbush, Luke. "Female fitness : evaluating the effectiveness of a girls only physical education course on cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity and self-esteem /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31941448.
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Easley, Elizabeth Ann. "CARDIORESPIRATORY RESPONSES IN HEALTHY-WEIGHT AND OBESE WOMEN AND CHILDREN." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/khp_etds/12.
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A criterion method to evaluate cardiorespiratory health is measuring peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) from a maximal graded exercise test (GXT). While VO2 peak is a valuable measure, heart rate recovery (HRRec) and endothelial function (EF) also describe cardiorespiratory health and fitness. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether differences exist in VO2 peak, HRRec, and EF between healthy-weight (HW) and obese (OB) women and children and to determine if there were significant correlations among these variables. A total of 60 women and children participated in this study. Anthropometric, body composition, resting heart rate and blood pressure (BP) were measured. EF was evaluated to determine the reactive hyperemia index (RHI). Finally, each subject performed a graded exercise test (GXT) to determine VO2 peak. Following the GXT, the subjects’ recovery responses were monitored for 5 minutes. A factorial MANOVA was used to evaluate differences between obesity status and age in relative VO2 peak and relative HRRec. The MANOVA resulted in a significant (p < 0.001) main effect for obesity status and age, but there was no interaction effect. HW individuals had a greater relative VO2 peak compared to OB individuals. Children had a greater relative VO2 peak and HRRec compared to adults. Absolute VO2 peak and absolute HRRec were examined using univariate ANOVAs. Women had greater absolute VO2 peak values compared to children (p2 peak and absolute HRRec, relative HRRec, and RHI. Relative VO2 peak was significantly correlated to RHI. Absolute HRRec was correlated with relative HRRec and RHI. Relative HRRec was correlated with RHI. Lack of significant differences in HRRec and EF across adiposity levels were likely due to the obese, but otherwise healthy population recruited for this study. Age affected the response to all variables included in this study.
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Breithaupt, Peter G. "Validation of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Composition Assessment Methodologies in the Obese Pediatric Population." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20363.
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Rates of obesity (OB) are escalating among Canadian children and youth and the obesogenic environment is likely to cause further increases. An important aspect in providing clinical care to OB children is to have accurate assessment measures, particularly of their body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness. This project entails three interrelated projects aiming to develop novel cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition measurement techniques for an OB pediatric population. The purpose of the first project was to validate a new submaximal fitness protocol specifically geared towards OB children and youth. The second objective of this thesis involved assessing cardiorespiratory efficiency utilizing the Oxygen Uptake efficiency slope. The purpose of the third project was to determine the validity of a half-body scan methodology for measuring body composition in obese children and youth. The goal of developing these novel measurement techniques is improved design and evaluation of interventions aimed at managing pediatric obesity.
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Hogg, James. "The use of the self-paced exercise test in assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in runners." Thesis, University of Kent, 2018. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/68563/.
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The aim of this thesis was to investigate the utility of the self-paced exercise test (SPXT) in assessing the cardiorespiratory fitness of runners. Traditionally, cardiorespiratory fitness is assessed via an open-ended graded exercise test (GXT) which utilises fixed increments of work-rate and involves the participant continuing until volitional exhaustion. The SPXT is a closed-looped 10 minute (min) test which is made up of 5 x 2 min stages in which intensity is clamped by ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). The test starts at RPE 11, and this increases in an incremental fashion to encompass RPE 13, 15, 17, and finally 20. The test is more time-efficient than traditional protocols due to not requiring a known starting speed. Additionally, the SPXT may be more valid for runners compared to the GXT in which test duration is unknown. In study one, gradient and speed-based SPXT protocols were compared to a laboratory based GXT to investigate the validity of the SPXT in producing maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max). The gradient-based SPXT [which has not previously been investigated] produced higher V̇O2max than the GXT (71 ± 4.3 vs. 68.6 ± 6.0 mL·kg-1·min-1, P = .03, ES = .39) but the speed-based SPXT produced similar V̇O2max to the GXT (67.6 ± 3.6 vs. 68.6 ± 6.0 mL·kg-1·min-1, P = .32, ES = .21). Results also demonstrated that the oxygen (O2) cost of ventilation may differ between the SPXT and GXT (26.4 ± 2.8 vs. 28.2 ± 2.8 mL.min-1, respectively) (P = .02). In study two, the oxygen cost of breathing during the SPXT was investigated. When assessed via separate ventilation trials, there were no differences in the oxygen cost of breathing between the SPXT and GXT (26.1 ± 5.3 vs. 26.9 ± 4.2 mL.min-1, respectively) (t7 = -1.00, P = .34,), and V̇O2max was again similar between the SPXT and GXT (Z = -.43, P = .67,). The mean velocity at RPE20 (vRPE20) measured via the SPXT was also similar to the maximal velocity (Vmax) derived from the GXT (t8 = .74, P = .48). In study three, the ability of the SPXT to provide novel parameters that could be used to prescribe six-weeks of running training for recreationally active runners was investigated. Results demonstrated that vRPE20 was effective in improving V̇O2max (6 ± 6 %), critical speed (3 ± 3 %) and lactate threshold (7 ± 8%) and these improvements were similar to a separate group who trained using GXT-derived parameters including Vmax (4 ± 8, 7 ± 7, 5 ± 4 %, for V̇O2max, critical speed, and lactate threshold, respectively). Prescribing training via the SPXT may be beneficial as it does not require additional testing that is usually associated with the GXT. In study four, the ability of the SPXT to accurately determine ventilatory thresholds (VT) was investigated. The first and second VT (VT1 and VT2, respectively) were not significantly different when measured as V̇O2 between the SPXT (4.03 ± 0.5 and 4.37 ± 0.6 L.min-1, for VT1 and VT2, respectively) and GXT (4.18 ± 0.5 and 4.54 ± 0.7 L.min-1, respectively) in highly trained runners. In recreationally trained runners VT1 was significantly different when measured via the SPXT and GXT (2.78 ± 0.5 vs. 2.99 ± 0.5 L.min-1, respectively) (t23 = -4.51, P < .01, ES = .42) whilst VT2 was also significantly different (3.10 ± 0.6 vs. 3.22 ± 0.6 L.min-1) (t21 = -2.35, P = .03, ES = .20). However, when calculated using different variables such as velocity, RPE, and HR, VT1 and VT2 were similar between protocols. This demonstrated that the SPXT can provide valid VT for runners. The conclusion from this thesis is that the SPXT is a valid protocol for measuring V̇O2max and can also be used to prescribe a programme of endurance training, and provide an accurate marker of VT.
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Cole, Rachel Amelia Clark. "Beneficial contribution of health behaviors to learning and related brain mechanisms in older adults." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6080.
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Aging is associated with adverse structural and functional changes in the brain. These changes have been directly linked to declines in certain types of learning and memory, likely due to the negative impact of aging on the hippocampus, a region necessary for cognitive functions such as relational learning, memory, and spatial navigation. Health behaviors and characteristics, like exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), are related to better brain and cognitive aging, though more research is needed to better understand which age-sensitive aspects of cognitive function are most benefited by these health characteristics. The purpose of this collection of studies was to examine how exercise and fitness affect older adults’ learning and memory abilities, specifically using tasks that are designed to tax hippocampal binding processes. Further, I aimed to determine whether the volume of the hippocampus plays a key mediating role in this relationship. I answer these questions with three specific aims, each testing part of a model that represents complex interactions between physical activity, fitness, learning, and the potential mediator of hippocampal volume. The first aim examines these relationships using a cross-sectional design of 45 cognitively healthy older adults. The second aim evaluates the effects of a 12-week moderate intensity exercise program on 37 previously low-active older adults’ fitness, hippocampal volume, and relational learning rate. In this aim I first examine the amount of change in multiple variables following the intervention in order to infer causal relations, and then I examine the relationships of change across the different outcome measures. Finally, the third aim evaluates in 40 healthy older adults the role of hippocampal structure in the relationships between fitness and both spatial learning and memory in a virtual navigation task that has been found to be sensitive to age and disease-related changes in the hippocampus.
In the first aim I found that higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was associated with larger hippocampal volume and faster relational learning rate. Larger hippocampal volume was also associated with faster learning rate. This pattern of results supports my hypotheses and provides a novel finding about how CRF relates specifically to older adults’ relational learning, which is thought to place demands on hippocampal binding.
In the second aim I found that 12-weeks of regular light and moderate exercise increased CRF and early learning of relational associations. These changes were not larger for moderate intensity stationary cycling compared to light intensity stationary cycling. I also unexpectedly found that hippocampal volume decreased for both exercise groups, which suggests that this exercise intervention did not mitigate potential age-related decline in hippocampal volume.
Finally, in the third aim I found that CRF was not related to learning object locations on spatial navigation, but higher CRF was related to fewer memory errors on the delayed recall of object locations in the virtual environment. Additionally, hippocampal volume was positively associated with the number of object locations learned after the first five minutes of free exploration in the virtual environment.
Overall I found that higher CRF is related to faster relational learning and better memory of spatial object locations, both of which are expected to tax hippocampal binding processes. As even healthy older adults tend to experience structural and functional decline in the brain, CRF may be an effective health characteristic to target to increase the active life expectancy of our aging population.
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Fitzsimons, Claire Frances. "Oxygen uptake kinetics at the onset of exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness in frail elderly people." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24572.
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Methods: VO2 and walking speed were measured during 3 minutes of comfortable self-paced walking in young (Y) (N=17, median age 23 (20-29) years) and healthy elderly (HE) (N=15; median age 80 (76-87) years) volunteers and groups of patients recovering from a hip fracture (HF) (N=8; median age 81 (72-91) years) or stroke (ST) (N=66; median age 74 (49-87) years). Results: Feasibility. On 214/277 study visits individuals completed 3 walks of 3 minutes (77%). Participants maintained a constant walking speed of moderate intensity and achieved steady state VO2 conditions within 3 minutes on 127/214 visits. 114/127 visits (41% of 277) were adequately described using a monoexponential model (82% Y; 44% HE; 53% HF; 32% ST). Validity: A group comparison of MRT demonstrated content validity (Y 20s; HE 37s; HF 52s; ST 42s, mean values, visit 1). Criterion-related concurrent validity (MRT versus VO2 max, in Y and HE) and predictive validity of MRT were not demonstrated. Reproducibility: The Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) of the MRT was 4.9s in the Y group, 4.4s in the HE group and 7.0s for the HF group. Limits of agreement of MRT for the HF group were -23 to 30s. Training intervention: Poor tolerance of the study methodology in the frailer stroke patients compromised evaluation of the training intervention. A before and after training comparison of MRT was possible in 4 stroke patients. A training related reduction in MRT (49s to 35s (mean values, N=4)) was evident. Conclusion: The inability of frailer study participants to achieve feasibility criteria and inconclusive validity questions the applicability of this measure to those for whom it is intended – very frail, older people.
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Alberga, Angela. "Body composition, cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness in obese adolescents aged 14 to 18 years old." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27617.
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Background. The short and long term consequences of childhood obesity are widespread, highlighting the necessity of designing effective interventions targeting the specific needs of obese adolescents. Obese children typically score lower on standardized fitness tests compared to their leaner peers. However, few studies have looked at the relationship between musculoskeletal fitness and obesity in adolescents. Sex differences in fitness and adiposity are important considerations that also warrant further investigation.
Objectives. (1) To compare the musculoskeletal fitness of obese adolescents in the Healthy Eating Aerobic and Resistance Training in Youth (HEARTY) trial to the norms of the Canadian population in the same age group. A secondary objective was to determine the sex differences in musculoskeletal fitness in the HEARTY study. (2) To determine the sex differences in abdominal adiposity and cardiorespiratory fitness in male and female participants in the HEARTY study. The secondary purpose was to examine the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness in male and female obese adolescents.
Methods. (1) 134 female and 45 male participants were included in the analysis. Musculoskeletal fitness was assessed by the Canadian Physical Activity Fitness and Lifestyle Approach guidelines to assess muscular strength, endurance and power. Measures of grip strength, push-ups, curl-ups, sit and reach and vertical jump in the HEARTY study were compared to the Canadian Musculoskeletal norms in their age group. (2) 94 female and 30 male participants were included in the analysis. VO2peak was assessed using a maximal treadmill protocol until exhaustion and abdominal adiposity was quantified by one-single cross-sectional image at L4-L5 by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Results. (1) Obese adolescents ranked lower on most musculoskeletal fitness tests compared to their non-obese peers. However, obese females had greater grip strength compared to their non-obese female counterparts. Males in the HEARTY study had a higher grip strength and vertical jump whereas females had higher push-up, and sit and reach scores than males in the HEARTY study. (2) HEARTY males had a greater BMI, visceral adipose tissue and higher VO2peak compared to females. There was no difference in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue between sexes.
Conclusions. (1) Male and female obese adolescents have lower musculoskeletal fitness compared to their non-obese peers. Obese males also had a lower overall musculoskeletal fitness ranking compared to obese females in the HEARTY study. (2) Obese male adolescents have greater visceral fat and higher cardiorespiratory fitness than obese females. However, it appears that the negative relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness is similar between male and female obese adolescents.
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Ekblom, Bak Elin. "Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and abdominal obesity in relation to cardiovascular disease risk : epidemiological studies." Doctoral thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Björn Ekbloms och Mats Börjessons forskningsgrupp, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-2989.
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Although Sweden saw a decline in death rates related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) between 1987 and 2011, it is still the most common cause of death for both women and men. Lifestyle-related factors such as inadequate physical activity (PA), poor cardiorespiratory fitness (CF), and excess body fat are all recognised as important predictors of CVD morbidity and mortality. More recently, studies have highlighted the possible detrimental effects of prolonged sitting, which mainly substitutes for daily non-exercise PA (NEPA). Conversely, more preferable levels of these lifestyle factors are associated with lower CVD risk and increased life expectancy. Despite the extensive research performed within this field, there is still no consensus. The main objective of this thesis was therefore to examine the interrelationship between different levels of PA, CF, and abdominal adiposity and their association with CVD risk factors, CVD morbidity, and longevity in population-based samples of Swedish men and women of different ages. A second objective was to develop a new and more precise method for estimation of CF in a mixed, healthy, population. The main findings were - In a cross-sectional population based random sample of Swedish men (n=781) and women (n=890) aged 20 to 65 years were CF and abdominal obesity each independently and strongly beneficially associated with individual CVD risk factors, as well as to a clustered CVD risk factor profile. For the clustered risk, each unit of fitness (ml·kg-1·min-1) was associated with a 5% decrease in risk and each unit of waist circumference (cm) with a 5% increase in risk. This was seen in women as well as men, younger as well as older people, and daily smokers as well as non-smokers; however, there were some differences within the subgroups. - In the same population, higher levels of self-reported PA and CF, but mainly the latter, were independently associated in a beneficial way with both individual and clustered CVD risk factors. Furthermore, a notable interaction of excess clustered CVD risk was shown for being insufficiently physical active according to general guidelines in combination with not being fit. - In a representative cohort of 60-year-old men (n=2039) and women (n=2193) in Stockholm County, a generally active daily life was associated with beneficial metabolic health at baseline and an approximately 30% lower risk for a first-time cardiovascular event and all-cause mortality, respectively, after 12.5 years. These relationships were independent of regular exercise. - A new submaximal cycle ergometer test for estimation of maximal oxygen uptake was developed. The test is simple, low-risk, and easily administered, and does not require laboratory equipment or expertise. In a mixed population (in terms of age, activity status, and gender), the test showed a significantly increased precision compared with one of the most commonly used submaximal exercise tests today. In conclusion, these results indicate that in clinical practice it is important to evaluate both PA and CF as well as abdominal obesity status. Regarding PA, it is important to highlight the separate beneficial associations of a daily active life including NEPA on the one hand, and intentional regular exercise on the other.
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O'Donovan, James Gary. "Exercise, cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary heart disease risk factors in men aged 30-45 years." Thesis, University of Kent, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413274.
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Abdulnour, Joseph. "The Effect of Menopausal Transition on Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34174.
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Menopause transition is a natural process in a woman’s life associated with altered body fat distribution, increased cardiometabolic risk, and the presentation of vasomotor symptoms including hot flashes and night sweats. A 5-year observational, longitudinal study (MONET: Montreal Ottawa New Emerging Team), was performed to document the effect of menopause transition on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors. Initially, the study included 102 healthy non-obese premenopausal women between the age of 47 and 55 years. By the end of year 5, 91 women completed the study, 4% were still premenopausal, 29% were perimenopausal and 67% became postmenopausal. The major finding of the first study was that the increases in body fat mass and visceral fat in our cohort of non-obese women followed through the menopause transition were independent of the increase in body weight. Furthermore, these changes in body composition and body fat distribution were not associated with cardiometabolic deteriorations. We further examined whether specific factors such as reporting vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes and/or night sweats), exaggerated exercise systolic blood pressure, physical activity levels and cardiorespiratory fitness, may be associated with adiposity, body fat distribution and cardiometabolic profile. Overall, women that experienced vasomotor symptoms (paper 2) or presented an exaggerated exercise systolic blood pressure (paper 3), did not present any alterations in their body composition, body fat distribution and cardiometabolic profile compared to asymptomatic women and participants with normal blood pressure response to exercise, respectively. Furthermore, exaggerated exercise systolic blood pressure was not predictive of future hypertension after a 5-year follow-up throughout menopause transition. On the other hand, total volume of physical activity was not linked with measures of a cardiometabolic profile, cardiorespiratory fitness appeared to have the greatest cardioprotective effect (paper 4). Therefore, in generally healthy physically active non-obese premenopausal women, the menopause transition does not generally alter cardiometabolic risk factors, and suggests that cardiorespiratory fitness may have greater cardiometabolic protective effects in this cohort.
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Bjøralt, Stine. "The effect of cardiorespiratory fitness, metabolic syndrome and cerebro-cardiovascular disease on cognition in older adults." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for nevromedisin, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26189.
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Background: Numerous studies have reported on the positive influence of superior physical health on the preservation of cognitive functions as we age. For ekxample, serveral exercise interventions of varying lengths aiming at increasing cardiorespiratory fitness in elderly populations have shown better preservation of brain structures and associated cognitive functions. Other helath factors commonly know to affect cognition in old age are metabolic syndrome ( MetS) and various cardiovascular risk factors. Aim: We wanted to look at older adults` cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak), the prevalance of metabolic synrome (MetS) and risk for cerebro-cardiovascular disease in relation to performance on a battery of neuropychological tests. Method: A cross- sectional design was emplyed including 105 healthy older adults ( mean age 74 years). Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by graded maximal exercice testing, MetS was classified according to previous definitions, and cerebro-cardivascular disease was calculated using the atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk estimator developed by the American Heart Assocoation and the American College of Cardiology. Cognitive performance was addessed using the web-based neuropsychological test battery, Memoro. Results: Individuals with hugher VO2peak had faster processing speed, and there was a significant relationship between these two factors, where higher VO2peak predicted better processing speed. amd trends showed that this was true for ececutive functions as well. Having MetS or high risk of developing cerebro-cardiovascular disease within the next 10 years did not seem to affect performance on cognitive tests, althouh trends show that having more MetS factors mat contribute to better performance on cognivive tests. Conclusion: Speed of processing, and possibly executive functions are more sensitive to cardiorespiratory fitness compared to other measured of cognitive functions. Additionally, MetS may have a cognitively protective role after a certain age. whereas cerebro-cardiovascular disease did not seem to affect cognition in this population of older adults.
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Du, Toit Liezel. "The relationship between levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and physical self-perception in adolescent girls." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50177.
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Thesis (MScSportSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There is a universal concern about the rapid decline in the physical activity levels of children, particularly adolescent girls. There is evidence of an increase in juvenile obesity that is associated with numerous health risks. During adolescence the majority of psychological problems associated with obesity stem from a disturbance in the self-concept. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between fitness, body composition and physical selfperception of a sample of 167 adolescent girls (14-17 years), and to compare these results with the results of similar studies from around the world. The results show a significant positive relationship (r = 0.47; P < 0.01) between levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical self-perception and significant negative relationships between percentage body fat and physical self-perception (r = -0.35; p < 0.01), as well as body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (r = -0.47; P < 0.01). The results clearly illustrate the current prevalence of obesity associated with low cardiorespiratory fitness (due to inactivity) and low selfperception. The importance of being physically active for the physical and psychological well-being of adolescents is a valuably preventive and treatment measure.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die bekommernis oor die toenemende afname in die fisieke aktiwiteitsvlakke van kinders, veral adolessente meisies, blyk 'n universele verskynsel te wees. Bewyse is gevind van 'n toename in obesiteit by kinders wat verband hou met verskeie gesondheidsrisikos. Tydens adolessensie word die meeste sielkundige probleme wat verband hou met obesiteit deur 'n versteuring in die selfkonsep veroorsaak. Die doel van hierdie studie was om vas te stel wat die verband tussen fiksheid, liggaamsamestelling en fisieke selfpersepsie is. Die steekproef het bestaan uit 167 adolessente meisies (14 - 17 jaar oud) en hierdie resultate is vergelyk met die resultate van soortgelyke studies van regoor die wêreld. Die resultate toon 'n beduidend positiewe verband (r = 0.47; P < 0.01) tussen kardiorespiratoriese fiksheidsvlakke en fisieke selfpersepsie vlakke en beduidend negatiewe verbande tussen liggaamsvetpersentasie en selfpersepsie (r = -0.35; P < 0.01) sowel as liggaamsamestelling en kardiorespiratoriese fiksheid (r = -0.47; P < 0.01). Die resultate toon dat die voorkoms van obesiteit met lae kardiorespiratoriese fiksheid (as gevolg van 'n gebrek aan fisieke aktiwiteit) en lae selfpersepsie verband hou. Die belangrikheid van fisieke aktiwiteit vir die fisieke en sielkundige welstand van adolessente is 'n waardevolle voorkomende en behandelingsmetode.
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Cardoso, Fernando M. F. "Improving the assessment of exercise capacity and cardiorespiratory fitness in patients attending exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation." Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/18038/.
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The aim of this thesis is ‘’Improving the Assessment of Exercise Capacity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Patients Attending Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation’’. Cardiorespiratory capacity is an important predictor of morbidity and mortality in cardiac patients, due to the prognostic power, is an essential outcome to measure in cardiac patients in clinical practice. In cardiac rehabilitation programmes the assessment of cardiorespiratory capacity (by field tests or treadmill test) is an essential practice supported by U.K., European and U.S.A. guidelines, which gives support to patients risk evaluation and stratification, setting individual patients goals, exercise prescription, and evaluation of the same. Overall, the findings of this thesis, which were generate by meta-analysis, crosssectional studies and laboratory research, provide an nsight into the factors associated with patients’ initial performance, and oxygen cost in functional capacity tests. Together, this data may improve the application, interpretation and patient understanding of these test results. One aim of CR is to improve patients’ functional capacity; we provide a standard value for ΔFitness, and information on factors which clinicians may need to consider when setting patient goals and interpreting changes in functional capacity, or ΔFitness due to CR.
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Huchu, Linet. "The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and performance in a submaximal stepping test standardised for external workload." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22962.
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Submaximal step tests are used to predict maximal oxygen consumption and work capacity. However, if the external workload is not controlled the interpretation of the test results may be inaccurate. The purpose of the research was to develop a submaximal test of cardiorespiratory fitness using a novel step test designed specifically to overcome the weaknesses of the previously published step tests. A series of studies contributed to the theoretical development of the submaximal step protocol, piloting the protocol, reliability studies, validation of the protocol and finally a cross-validation of the protocol. The first study tested the hypothesis that stepping tests configured for the same external workload, but varying in stepping frequency, elicit the same physiological stress. Participants (n = 31) performed three step tests at 16, 20 and 24 steps per minutes in random order. External workload was standardised at 45 kJ. Energy expenditure, heart rate recovery, rating of perceived exertion, maximum heart rate and total heart beats were significantly different between tests (p < 0.05) with the biggest differences occurring between 16 and 24 steps per minute. Maximum heart rate as a percentage of age predicted heart rate increased from 70% at 16 steps per minute to 81% at 24 steps per minute. The study concluded that standardisation of external workload with different exercise intensities does not result in the same physiological responses. The second study tested the reliability of the step test. Participants (n = 34) performed a step test three times in a week at a cadence of their choice (16, 20 or 24 steps per minute). The study showed that the step test is repeatable for most variables measured and therefore is a reliable test of fitness. The third study used the outcome variables measured during the step test to develop equations which predicted VO₂max measured directly in a maximal test on a treadmill. A diverse sample of participants (n = 273), differing in sex, level of habitual physical activity and age were recruited for the study. Several models for predicting VO₂max were determined. The most parsimonious equation was: VO₂max (ml.kg⁻¹.min⁻¹) = -0.10911 (age) - 0.06178 (body mass) - 0.75481 (body fat %) +0.00208 (METS) + 0.11636 (HRR) - 0.019551 (MHR) + 0.07955 (Av HR) + 83.34846 (R² = 0.75, standard error of estimate = 5.51 ml.kg.min⁻¹) where METS is metabolic equivalent, HRR is heart rate recovery, MHR is maximum heart rate and Av HR is average heart rate. Cross validation was done (n = 50) to test the accuracy of the prediction equation. The relationship between the predicted VO₂max and the measured VO₂max was r = 0.87. In conclusion the standardised step test can predict VO₂max in a heterogeneous population of males and females, varied ages (20 to 60 years), physical activity levels and fitness levels.
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Curry, Trevor M., Steven C. Davis, Aydin Nazmi, and Don Clegg. "THE EFFECTS OF A NOVEL EXERCISE TRAINING SUIT ON CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS, BODY COMPOSITION AND LEG STRENGTH." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1428.
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ABSTRACT
The Effects of a Novel Exercise Training Suit on Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Composition and Leg Strength
Trevor Michael Curry
The physiological responses to physical activity or exercise using external load carriage systems (LCS) in the form of weighted personal protective equipment, backpacks, or vests have biomechanical and human performance implications. It remains unclear whether a new unique LCS in the form of a weighted (5.45 kg) full-bodied exercise suit can induce greater improvements in performance and body composition. Twenty-one healthy males (20±3 years; 24.9±3.6 body mass index (BMI); 25.1±6.4% total percentage body fat ( % fat); 120.1±17.3 kg lean mass; 146.2±35.4 kg leg press 1-repetition max; 1.25±0.14 g·cm-2 bone mineral density; 49.5±8.53 mLO2·kg-1·min-1 maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)) were matched for VO2max and physical characteristics before being randomly allocated into an aerobic exercise intervention with or without the exercise suit using a treadmill at the Cal Poly Recreation Center. Participants jogged at 60%-70% of their maximum heart rate for 30 min three times a week on nonconsecutive days for six weeks. Weight was recorded before and after each session while heart rates, blood pressures, and tympanic membrane temperatures were recorded incrementally during each session. Thereafter, VO2max and the same physical characteristics were measured and used to analyze the changes before and after the 6-week program. The results indicate that there was no difference for the change in any of the variables measured during and between the exercise intervention. Future studies examining the effect of the exercise suit on these variables should strongly consider larger sample sizes and other subpopulations to gain the statistical power to measure the effects of the exercise suit.
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Barros, Sandra Emília Benício [UNESP]. "Influência do exercício físico sobre indicadores antropométricos e pulmonares em idosas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100412.
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O envelhecimento promove mudanças nos diversos sistemas, especialmente músculo-esquelético e cardiopulmonar. Exercícios físicos regulares melhoram o condicionamento cardiorrespiratório, modificam as dimensões corporais e neuromusculares, amenizando o impacto do envelhecimento na capacidade funcional. Com o objetivo de analisar os efeitos do exercício físico sobre indicadores pulmonares e antropométricos em idosas, dois estudos foram realizados. O Estudo 1 observou os efeitos da especificidade do exercício sobre indicadores antropométricos e pulmonares em idosas. Quarenta mulheres acima de 60 anos, compuseram quatro grupos (Sedentárias, Hidroginástica, Musculação e Dança). O Estudo 2 verificou os efeitos de um Programa de Exercícios Generalizados (PEG) em indicadores antropométricos e pulmonares em mulheres sedentárias entre 60 a 78 anos. Participaram do estudo trinta e duas mulheres, que compuseram dois grupos: Controle (n=14) e Intervenção (n=18). Para ambos os estudos, foram analisadas as variáveis antropométricas (índice de massa corpórea, circunferência muscular do braço e panturrilha, dobra cutânea tricipital e relação cintura/quadril); nível de atividade física (Questionário de Baecke) e função pulmonar [pressões respiratórias máximas, mobilidade torácica e espirometria (capacidade vital forçada - CVF, volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo - VEF1, relação VEF1/CVF, fluxo médio expiratório forçado - FEF25-75% e pico de fluxo expiratório)]. No Estudo 2, as participantes foram reavaliadas após 4 meses de intervenção. No Estudo 1, para o nível de atividade física, houve diferenças quanto à especificidade do exercício (p ≤ 0,001) entre Sedentárias e demais...
Aging promotes changes in many systems, especially for musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary functions. Regular physical exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness and modifies body and neuromuscular dimensions, all while softening the impact of aging on functional capacity. To analyze the effects of physical exercise on pulmonary and anthropometric measurements in older women, two studies were conducted. Study 1 observed the effects of specific exercises on anthropometric and lung measurements in elderly women. Forty women over 60 years old in four groups (Sedentary, Hidroginastics, Bodybuilding and Dance) were studied. Study 2 examined the effects of a generalized exercise program (GEP) on anthropometric and lung measurements in sedentary women between 60-78 years. Thirty-two women, formed two groups: Control (n = 14) and Intervention (n = 18). For both studies, we analyzed anthropometric variables (body mass index, arm and calf muscle circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, and waist/hip ratio), level of physical activity (Baecke questionaire), pulmonary function [maximal respiratory pressures, thoracic mobility and spirometry (forced vital capacity - FVC, forced expiratory volume in one second - FEV1, FEV1/FVC, forced expiratory flow medium - FEF25-75% and peak expiratory flow)]. Participants were reassessed after four months of intervention. Study 1 participants were assessed according to level of physical activity, there were differences in the specificity of exercise (p ≤ 0,001) between sedentary and other groups as well as between hidroginastics and the two groups (dance and bodybuilding). In axillary thoracic mobility, there were differences between bodybuilding and the sedentary and dance groups (p ≤ 0,05). Differences also occurred for xiphoid thoracic... (complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Tarassova, Olga. "Effects of physical and cognitive exercise on levels of peripheral BDNF in elderly : with cardiorespiratory fitness as a potential confounding factor." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-5850.
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Derry, Heather Michelle. "Cognitive Function and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Study of Breast Cancer Survivors Prior to Chemotherapy or Radiation Treatment." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500053570081321.
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Sheinbein, Shelly T. "Psychosocial Mediators of the Fitness-depression Relationship Within Adolescents." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699904/.
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Adolescence is a developmental period during which boys and girls are at high risk of developing major or minor depression. Increases in fitness have been associated with lower levels of depressive symptomatology and improvements in psychological well-being, yet the mechanisms that underlie this relationship have not been thoroughly examined. Three such psychosocial variables (i.e. body satisfaction, social physique anxiety, and physical activity self-efficacy) have been identified as possible mechanisms and although they have theoretical support, additional research is needed to demonstrate empirically the potential effects of these variables. Self-report measures were used to assess the psychosocial variables and the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) in conjunction with age, Body Mass Index [BMI], and sex was used to determine an estimate of aerobic capacity (VO2max). Path analyses were used to test the proposed model using version 6.2 EQS Multivariate Software. Results of study revealed that the boys’ and girls’ depressive scores were determined based on the extent that their fitness levels improved their satisfaction with their bodies and lowered the anxiety they experience in relation to real or imagined judgments of their physique. Although all pathways in the model were significant, with the exception of physical activity self-efficacy to depression, differences emerged between the boys and girls in terms of the strength of some of the relations amongst the variables. Limitations include restricted generalizability, self-report measures, and cross-sectional design. Results have implications for individuals in a context intended to improve physical and psychosocial well-being of adolescents.
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Tolfrey, Keith. "The effect of exercise training on the lipid-lipoprotein profile and cardiorespiratory fitness of pre-pubertal children." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246263.
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Martin, Rhona. "An examination of sprint interval training (SIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic health in Scottish adolescents." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.733776.
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Goenarjo, Roman. "Effect of age, vascular parameters, physical activity, and cardiorespiratory fitness on executive performances : role of cerebral oxygenation." Thesis, Poitiers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020POIT2252.
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De nombreuses études ont montré que l’activité physique régulière et le niveau de condition physique étaient associés à la performance cognitive et plus particulièrement aux fonctions exécutives. Parmi les nombreux mécanismes physiologiques qui sous-tendent cette association, l’oxygénation du cortex préfrontal semble avoir un rôle majeur. Il est bien établi que l'impact spécifique de l'oxygénation préfrontale sur le lien entre l’activité physique et la cognition est influencé par certains facteurs comme le sexe, l’âge, et la santé cardio-vasculaire. Ainsi, l'objectif de cette thèse était d'étudier l'impact de l'activité physique et du niveau de condition physique sur les fonctions exécutives au cours du vieillissement chez des hommes sains. L'influence de l'oxygénation du cortex préfrontal et de la santé cardiovasculaire sur la relation « niveau de condition physique – fonctions exécutives » a également été étudiée. A partir de la littérature existante, nous avons formulé l’hypothèse que l’activité physique et le profil cardiorespiratoire auraient des effets bénéfiques sur les fonctions exécutives chez les hommes jeunes et plus âgés, et que pour ces deux populations, l’oxygénation du cortex préfrontal et la santé cardiovasculaire seraient impliquées dans cette relation. Une revue de littérature et quatre études transversales ont été réalisées pour vérifier ces hypothèses.Notre revue de littérature chez les personnes âgées a indiqué que:• Un niveau de condition physique plus élevé est associé à de meilleures performances dans certains tests de fonction exécutive.• Un niveau de condition physique plus élevé est associé à une moindre rigidité artérielle, à une réactivité vasculaire plus élevée, et à une plus grande amplitude de l'oxygénation cérébrale au cours de l'exercice ou d'une tâche cognitives.• Un plus grand volume de matière grise et une plus grande d’intégrité de la substance blanche sont liés àu profil cardiorespiratoire, mais moins systématiquement associés à l’activité physique.• Au moins de 12 semaines d'un programme d'exercice aérobie sont nécessaires pour obtenir un effet significatif sur les fonctions cognitivesNos études expérimentales nous ont permis de conclure que:Chez les jeunes hommes:• Les individus actifs obtenaient de meilleures performances dans les tâches exécutives que les inactifs et avaient un changement important dans l'oxygénation du cortex préfrontal lors des conditions les plus complexes de la tâche de Stroop.• Un niveau de condition physique plus élevé était liée à une meilleure performance en double tâche et une plus grande oxygénation des deux côtés du cortex préfrontal.Chez les hommes âgés:• Le niveau de condition physique n’est pas lié aux performances de Stroop ni à l’ oxygénation du cortex préfrontal.• Un niveau de condition physique plus élevé est lié à une meilleure performance et une plus grande oxygénation de cortex préfrontal droit au cours d’une tâche de Stroop dans le groupe de 61+ ans mais pas dans le groupe de 55-60 ans, ce qui suggère l'importance de la classification de groupe d'âge pour évaluer l'effet du niveau de condition physique sur les fonctions exécutives chez les hommes âgés.• Les hommes âgés ont des relations plus fortes entre plusieurs paramètres cardiovasculaires et la performance des tâches de Stroop que les jeunes hommesCette projet de recherche montre que l'activité physique et le niveau de condition physique ont des effets positifs sur les fonctions exécutives chez les jeunes hommes et âgés, en particulier dans la tâche la plus complexes. L’oxygénation du cortex préfrontal et la santé cardiovasculaire modulent la relation entre l'activité physique et la cognition. Nous concluons que d’être physiquement actif ou d'avoir un meilleur niveau de condition physique donne des effets avantageux pour la santé vasculaire, l’oxygénation du cortex préfrontal, et les fonctions exécutives non seulement chez les hommes âgés, mais aussi chez les jeunes hommesMany studies have reported that regular physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with cognitive performance and more selectively with executive functions. Among numerous physiological mechanisms that may underlie the association between them, prefrontal cortex oxygenation seems to play a major role. However, the specific impact of prefrontal oxygenation on the link between physical activity and cognition is influenced by several factors, such as gender, age, or cardiovascular health. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate the impact of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on executive functions across the adults' age span in healthy males, as well as the influence of prefrontal cortex oxygenation and cardiovascular health. To obtain those objectives, we conducted a review of the effect of physical activity on the brain in older adults and four cross-sectional studies. From our review, we highlighted that: • In older adults, higher fitness level is associated with better performance in several executive function tests. Even though the limited number of studies available makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions.• Better cardiovascular fitness in older adults is associated with improve arterial stiffness, higher vascular reactivity, and greater amplitude of cerebral oxygenation during exercise or cognitive tasks.• Greater gray matter volume and white matter integrity were related to the cardiorespiratory fitness but less consistently related to physical activity.• At least 12 weeks of an aerobic exercise program are required to give advantageous effects to the brainAnd our experimental works show that:In young males:• The active individuals performed better in executive tasks than their inactive counterparts and had a larger change in prefrontal cortex oxygenation during the most complex conditions of Stroop task.• High cardiorespiratory fitness was related to a better performance in dual-task and greater oxygenation on both sides of the prefrontal cortex.In older males:• Cardiorespiratory fitness is not related to Stroop task performance nor prefrontal cortex oxygenation in overall older males.• Higher cardiorespiratory fitness was related to a better performance and greater right prefrontal cortex oxygenation during a Stroop task in 61+ years old group but not in 55-60 years old group, suggesting the importance of age-group classification to evaluate the effect of cardiorespiratory fitness on executive function in older male subjects.• Older males have stronger relationships between several vascular parameters and Stroop task performance than young malesThis work shows the relationship between physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on executive functions in young and older males. The potential neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie that relationship, especially prefrontal oxygenation and vascular health, are presented
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Tornowski, Jill Deanna. "The effects of twice weekly aerobic dance training on selected anthropometric, cardiorespiratory, and motor fitness measures of college age women /." View online, 1987. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211998881819.pdf.
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Oliveira, Ricardo Santos. "The role of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise on the autonomic and arterial systems of healthy adolescents." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33599.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide and the atherosclerotic process that precedes CVD starts during childhood. Physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and exercise are well known as preventive strategies for CVD. One possible mechanism for such prevention is the role of PA, CRF and exercise on the arterial and autonomic systems. The aim of this thesis was to investigate using observational and experimental studies the role of PA, CRF and exercise on the autonomic and arterial systems of healthy adolescents. Chapter 4 systematically reviewed observational cross-sectional studies and provided level one evidence for a significant and positive association between resting parasympathetic function and moderate-to-vigorous PA in youth. Chapter 4 also indicated that gaps exist in the literature such as the associations between PA intensities, CRF and heart rate variability (HRV). These findings were furthered in Chapter 5 which showed that vigorous PA (VPA) and moderate PA (MPA) were positively related with HRV at rest and cardiac autonomic recovery following exercise in adolescents. In Chapter 6 a high-fat meal was used aiming to increase CVD risk in the postprandial state, and it was demonstrated that PA levels and CRF are not significantly associated with postprandial HRV and arterial stiffness in adolescents. Aiming to investigate possible associations between the vascular and autonomic system, measures of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were introduced. Chapter 7 showed that BRS and its autonomic and vascular components present a between-day coefficient of variation lower than 20% whilst within day coefficient of variations were lower than 34% in adolescents. In Chapter 8 acutely following high- and moderate-intensity interval exercise a decrease in blood pressure was observed concomitantly with decreases in BRS. This was mainly mediated by decreases in the autonomic modulation, and the duration of the decreases in blood pressure was higher following high-intensity interval exercise. Chapter 9 extended these findings by demonstrating that the changes in BRS following the ingestion of glucose was not altered by the high or moderate-intensity exercise performed before glucose ingestion. Chapter 10 showed that following four weeks of high-intensity exercise interval training no improvements were observed in BRS and its autonomic and vascular components at rest or acutely following exercise. Collectively, the present thesis contributes significantly to the literature by providing novel evidence in healthy adolescents on the role of PA intensities, CRF and exercise on the arterial and autonomic systems at rest, acutely following exercise and in the postprandial state. The results gathered in this thesis indicate potential of the autonomic and vascular function as targets of CVD risk reduction in youth.
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Davies, Ben Rhys. "Dietary glycaemic carbohydrate, physical activity and cardiometabolic health in postpubertal adolescents." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/316091.
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The principle aims of this work were two fold; firstly to identify the current dietary intakes (specifically dietary glycaemic carbohydrate (CHO)) and physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels of a UK, postpubertal, adolescent population (n = 105) and assess the relationship between these factors, adiposity and cardiometabolic health. Diet and health relationships were assessed whilst accounting for energy misreporting and controlling for levels of PA and CRF. The effect of excluding dietary misreporters on the associations between glycaemic CHO and health was assessed whilst comparing an established technique (the Goldberg equation) to a novel approach (the ratio of energy intake (EI) to energy expenditure (EE)), which utilised RT3 accelerometry data (EI:EE(RT3)). Associations of PA and metabolic risk factors were also assessed whilst comparing two child specific PA thresholds for the assessment of PA subcomponents. Secondly, the impact of a flexible, ad libitum, low GI dietary intervention on cardiometabolic health was examined in an „at risk‟, overweight, postpubertal, adolescent population. Glycaemic index (GI) but not glycaemic load (GL) was shown to be associated significantly with anthropometric measures (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)) and adiposity (body fat percentage (BF%)) in this general group of post-pubertal adolescents from Bedfordshire. When adjusting for dietary intake, CRF was also associated with adiposity but PA was not. The prevalence of misreporting varied depending on the method used to assess the validity of dietary intakes; between 23% and 31% increasing to 62.1% (in overweight) of adolescents under reported energy intakes and up to 11.1% over reported. The novel application of a triaxial accelerometer to measure EE resulted in more under and over reporters being identified than when compared to the widely used Goldberg equation. Increased dietary GI was associated with increased odds of having a high WC; however, associations between GL and other risk factors were less clear; no associations with risk were observed. Excluding dietary misreporters from analysis had important implications for these associations. Only after removal of misreporters by EI:EE(RT3) was a borderline significant positive association between GL and blood glucose (BG) revealed using multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), that was not present in prior analyses. Increased GI (moderate vs low GI intake) was significantly associated with reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and increased triglyceride (TG) levels (borderline significant) after removal of misreporters. In addition, using different PA thresholds to assess PA intensity resulted in different relationships between PA subcomponents and metabolic risk factors. Regardless of the threshold used, evidence suggested that limiting sedentary (SED) behaviour and engaging in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) is beneficial for blood pressure (BP) in this adolescent population. Additionally, irrespective of the threshold utilised, higher levels of vigorous PA (VPA) were associated with reduced odds of having a high clustered risk score and the associations observed between CRF and risk factors were stronger than those observed with PA. Despite a lack of significant improvement in individual metabolic risk factors as a result of the low GI (LGI) dietary intervention, there was a significant reduction in clustered risk score for the LGI group at week 12. A borderline significant improvement in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was also observed as a result of the LGI intervention compared to those in the control group. Conversely, there appeared to be an unfavourable effect of the LGI diet on fasting insulin levels and thus the diet‟s impact on health overall is unclear. The small sample size of this randomised controlled trial (RCT) means that caution is required when interpreting the results. These data suggest that future research in this age group should target improvements in CRF and a lower dietary GI to reduce adiposity. Controlling for dietary misreporting appears to have a significant impact on associations of glycaemic CHO and cardiometabolic health and should be an important consideration of future research. The low GI intervention may be an effective approach for reducing glycaemic CHO, whilst maintaining a healthy macronutrient intake, in comparison to more restricted dietary regimens published in the literature. However, the impact of this regime needs to be confirmed utilising a larger sample of adolescents. This may provide a useful approach for future research aiming to assess the impact of reduced GI and GL.
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Hagnäs, M. (Magnus). "The association of cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity and ischemic ECG findings with coronary heart disease-related deaths among men." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526217550.
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Abstract Despite advances in treatment of cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the most common cause of death in the Western countries; and its first manifestation is often sudden cardiac death (SCD). The development of CHD is a lifelong process, the pace of which is governed by the burden of several risk factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and physical activity with the risk of CHD-related death, including SCD events among men with different risk factor profiles. This study is based on the population of the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, which recruited a sample of 2682 men aged 42–60 years. Their CRF was assessed with a maximal exercise test using respiratory gas analysis. Exercise-induced ST segment depression was defined as a ≥1 mm ST segment depression on the electrocardiogram. Anthropometric measurements, blood sample analyzes and questionnaires regarding leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and smoking were performed at baseline. Men with both low CRF and exercise-induced ST segment depression were at higher risk of death from CHD and SCD than men with high CRF without ST segment depressions. Men with low CRF and low LTPA were at higher risk of SCD than men with low CRF and high LTPA. The amount of LTPA did not alter the incidence on SCD among men with high CRF. These findings were adjusted for age, type 2 diabetes and CHD, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and serum C-reactive protein level. These findings emphasize the importance of physical activity and treatment of other modifiable risk factors, especially among the men with low CRFTiivistelmä Sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien ennaltaehkäisystä ja hoidon edistysaskeleista huolimatta sepelvaltimotauti on edelleen kehittyneiden maiden yleisin kuolinsyy, sydänperäisen äkkikuoleman ollessa usein taudin ensimmäinen ilmentymä. Sepelvaltimotaudin syntyminen on pitkäaikainen prosessi, jossa riskitekijät määrittävät suurelta osin taudin etenemisen nopeuden. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää kliinisessä rasituskokeessa todetun aerobisen suorituskyvyn, sydänlihasiskemian sekä fyysisen aktiivisuuden yhteyttä sepelvaltimotautikuolemiin ja sydänperäisiin äkkikuolemiin eri sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien riskitekijäyhdistelmien omaavien miesten keskuudessa. Tämä tutkimus perustuu Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study- aineistoon, johon kuuluu 2682 42–60 vuotiasta miestä. Tutkittavien aerobista suorituskykyä arvioitiin kliinisessä rasituskokeessa mittaamalla hapenkulutus suoraan hengityskaasuista. Sydänlihasiskemian merkkinä pidettiin rasituksen provosoimaa ≥1 mm ST-välin laskua tutkittavien EKG:ssa. Tutkittavilta kartoitettiin alussa antropometriset mittaukset, verikokeet sekä kyselylomakkeilla selvitettiin mm. vapaa-ajan liikunnan määrää ja tupakointia. Miehet, joilla todettiin huono suorituskyky sekä samanaikainen rasituksen aiheuttama sydänlihasiskemia olivat suuremmassa vaarassa menehtyä sepelvaltimotautiin ja sydänperäiseen äkkikuolemaan verrattuna miehiin, joilla todettiin hyvä suorituskyky eikä rasituksen aiheuttamaa sydänlihasiskemiaa. Miehet joilla todettiin huono suorituskyky, mutta harrastivat enemmän liikuntaa vapaa-ajalla, olivat pienemmässä vaarassa sydänperäiseen äkkikuolemaan kuin huonokuntoiset miehet, jotka harrastivat vähemmän liikuntaa vapaa-ajallaan. Vapaa-ajan liikunnan määrä ei muuttanut sydänperäisen äkkikuoleman esiintyvyyttä hyväkuntoisten miesten keskuudessa. Nämä tulokset vakioitiin iän, tyypin 2-diabeteksen, todetun sepelvaltimotaudin, tupakoinnin, alkoholin kulutuksen, painoindeksin, systolisen verenpaineen, seerumin LDL-kolesterolin ja C-reaktiivisen proteiinin suhteen. Nämä löydökset korostavat liikunnan harrastamisen tärkeyttä muiden riskitekijöiden hoidon ohessa, erityisesti lähtötasoltaan huonokuntoisilla miehillä
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Alves, Marisa Alexandra Pinto. "A Wearable System for Remote Cardiorespiratory Fitness Monitoring." Master's thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/132619.
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Alves, Marisa Alexandra Pinto. "A Wearable System for Remote Cardiorespiratory Fitness Monitoring." Dissertação, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/132619.
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CRAIG-BROADWITH, MARIA. "The Association between Incidental Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6636.
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Objective The primary objective of this study was two-fold. First, to determine whether incidental physical activity (IPA), which is composed of both light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and sporadic moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA; physical activity accrued in bouts less than 10 minutes), was associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Second, to determine whether sporadic MPA was associated with CRF.
Methods Participants were abdominally obese (defined as a waist circumference > 102 cm in men and > 88 cm in women), inactive, adult men (N = 24; [mean ± SD] age = 55.5 ± 7.8 years) and women (N = 55; age = 52.3 ± 7.5 years) recruited from Kingston, Canada. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using a graded treadmill test. IPA (activity ≥ 1 metabolic equivalent (MET)) and sporadic MPA (activity ≥ 3 METs accrued in bouts less than 10 minutes) was measured using the SenseWear Pro Armband (SWA). IPA and sporadic MPA were categorized into duration (minutes/day) and expenditure (MET-minutes/day). In secondary analyses, we investigated the association between LPA (activity between 1 – 2.99 METs), sedentary behaviour (SED; activity < 1.0 MET) and CRF.
Results Participants accumulated an average of 326.6 ± 127 minutes of IPA per day which was composed of 40.7 ± 17.8 minutes of sporadic MPA and 285.9 ± 118.2 minutes of LPA. Both duration and expenditure of IPA were significantly associated with CRF independent of sex, however, after further control for body mass index and age neither association remained significant (p > 0.05). Sporadic MPA was significantly associated with CRF after control for covariates (p ≤ 0.05). Neither LPA nor SED were associated with CRF after control for covariates (p > 0.05).
Conclusions IPA was not significantly associated with CRF, however, sporadic MPA was an independent predictor of CRF.Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2011-07-30 16:43:47.703
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Wilkerson, Brittany Star. "Effects of lifelong exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and health." 2013. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1728494.
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Access to abstract permanently restricted to Ball State community only.Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only.
School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Hussain, Ismat Karim. "Cardiorespiratory fitness and virtual navigation in healthy older adults." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41273.
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One of the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and age-related cognitive decline is topographical disorientation or impairment to spatial navigation. Furthermore, aging and AD are associated with cortical gray-matter thinning, particularly in the medial temporal and posterior cingulate regions, which have been associated with spatial navigation. Aerobic exercise has been well-established as a beneficial intervention to curtail the neurodegenerative effects of aging. This study aims to explore the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and two markers of AD and cognitive aging, virtual navigation ability and cortical thickness of the entorhinal, parahippocampal and retrosplenial regions. Cross-sectional data utilized in this study was collected from 23 healthy older adults (60-80 years). Measures included in our analyses consisted of estimated VO2max, T1-weighted structural MR images, and behavioral performance on a virtual navigation task, measured as numbers of objects located during recall. Cortical thickness of the regions of interest (ROIs) was determined by processing T1-weighted MR images in FreeSurfer. We hypothesized that greater CRF would correlate with improved virtual navigation performance and greater cortical thickness of ROIs. Our analyses did not reveal statistically significant relationships between CRF and navigation performance or CRF and cortical thickness. However, Pearson’s correlations found right retrosplenial cortical (RSC) thickness and navigation performance to be significantly related. Multiple regression models of right RSC thickness and navigation performance were performed controlling for age, sex, education and task version. These analyses revealed that greater right RSC thickness predicted navigation performance. Additionally, this model showed that older age predicts decline in navigation performance. Our findings did not survive multiple comparisons correction; nonetheless, the results provide promising insight to the relationship between cortical thickness and navigation performance in healthy aging. Further cross-sectional and longitudinal investigations with a larger sample size are required to assess the impact of CRF and exercise on cortical thickness and navigation abilities in healthy aging. Understanding these relationships would contribute to the expansive body of literature that has linked CRF and exercise to neuroprotective mechanisms in the aging brain.
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Mumtaz, Shiraz. "Cardiorespiratory fitness and hippocampal subfield volume in healthy older adults." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/36576.
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The increasing incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) combined with recent evidence suggesting that its neuropathologies begin years prior to symptomatic onset has produced an immense focus on ways to attenuate the related structural and cognitive decline of certain brain regions. One low cost intervention is aerobic exercise. Rodent models have demonstrated aerobic exercise induces adult hippocampal neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons, in the dentate gyrus (DG) subregion of the hippocampus (HC) as well as increased performance on a spatial memory task. Further, human studies have demonstrated the association between increased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and increased HC volume, and its translation to increased episodic memory performance. The goal of this study was to assess the relationship between CRF, as measured by VO2max, and brain region of interest (ROI) volumes notably including the left HC, left DG/Cornu Ammonis 3 (CA), and right entorhinal cortex (ErC). A secondary goal was to assess the relationship between CRF and cognitive performance on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Baseline data was collected from 31 healthy older adults as a part of two larger clinical trials on aerobic exercise and HC function. Data included a CRF assessment as measured by VO2max, and structural MRI data including a high-resolution whole-brain T1-weighted image, and a T2-weighted image with higher-in-plane resolution. Automatic Segmentation of Hippocampal Subfields (ASHS) was the neuroimaging software utilized to segment the HC and medial temporal lobe cortices into its appropriate subfields. Multiple linear regressions ran in IBM SPSS 25 to determine if CRF predicted ROI volumes yielded no significant results when controlling for age, sex, intracranial volume, education, and scanner location. Multiple one-way between-subject ANOVAs conducted to compare ROI volumes in high-fit versus low-fit individuals revealed marginal significance for the left HC, but no other ROI. Multiple one-way between-subject ANOVAs conducted to compare cognitive performance in high-fit versus low-fit individuals also revealed no significant results. Considering the marginal significance achieved by the one-way between-subjects ANOVA for CRF and left HC, a larger sample size is needed to potentially achieve significant statistical significance. Given these remaining null results, further investigation is suggested using additional neuroimaging analyses that split the DG/CA3 into its anterior and posterior sections, as well as examining different aspects of the RAVLT or utilizing more sensitive episodic memory tests.
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Lin, Chun-Hsin, and 林群馨. "Twenty-four-hour Blood Pressure and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Triathlon." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20369514023728958338.
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碩士臺北市立大學
運動科學研究所
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Background and purpose: Triathlon is a long-time endurance exercise, which needs highly developed oxygen transport and utilisation systems. Triathletes have better maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) than the non-athlete control group. Currently, few studies investigate the cardiovascular issues, such as 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate variability (HRV), in the triathletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore and compare the 24-hour blood pressure and cardiorespiratory fitness between triathlete and control (non-athletes) groups. Methods: We recruited male triathlete (n=11) and control (n=12) groups, aged from 20 to 25 years old. The 24-hour blood pressure, body composition, arterial function, VO2max, and HRV were measured in all participants. Then, the performances of these two groups were compared statistically. Results: We found that the triathletes had significantly lower body fat (p<0.05) than the control group. Regarding the cardiorespiratory fitness, the triathletes had significantly (p<0.05) lower resting heart rate and better HRV than the control group. However, no significant difference was found in arterial stiffness index (ASI) between two groups. During exercise, VO2max and time-to-exhausion were significanty (p<0.05) higher in the triathletes than the control group. Nevertheless, there were no signiificant differences in the average day-time, night-time, and 24-hour blood pressure. Conclusion: Triathlete group had better cardiorespiratory fitness than control group, while no significnat difference was found in 24-hour blood pressure between two groups. This study may provide some useful information regarding health management and training references for the triathletes and related educators. Keywords: Triathlon, 24-hour blood pressure, heart rate variability, cardiorespiratory fitness