Academic literature on the topic 'Cardiovascular disease diagnostic equipment industry'

Aim: To analyze the experience of treatment of congenital heart disease. Identify the proportions and ratios of surgical and endovascular treatments. Development of diagnostic service. To determine the impact of industry funding mechanisms on the development of endovascular surgery for congenital heart disease. Materials and methods: The tendencies of cardiac surgery development of congenital heart defects on the basis of the analysis of endovascular and surgical methods of treatment are considered. Own results of 10 years of experience in the treatment of congenital heart disease are presented. Results: An increase in the proportion of endovascular methods and a decrease in surgical treatments. The obtained data show a rapid increase in the share of medical procedures (from 48.9% to 89.4%) and a sharp decline in the share of diagnostic procedures (from 51.1% to 10.6%) in endovascular surgery. Early mortality after cardiac surgery in children is <5%, mortality after edovascular interventions - <1%. Ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the heart - allows to detect 95% of all congenital heart defects and is shown to every citizen as a screening method. The influence of industry financing mechanisms on the development of endovascular surgery of congenital heart defects is shown. Expensive equipment began to be purchased at public expense, the number of equipment representatives on the market increased and, as a result, the number of endovascular procedures increased. Over the past 5 years, public funding for the needs of the industry has increased from 16 to 75%. Conclusions: Today, pediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery are reaping the fruits of the golden age in medical science. With the development of cardiac surgery, the number of operated patients increases every year. The successful outcome of treatment of patients with CHD depends on a comprehensive multidisciplinary team (Heart Team). New evidence-based approaches in resuscitation management allow to recover as soon as possible after the intervention. We see further development of the industry in the development of multidisciplinary teams to help patients with the CHD. Finally, we expect an increase in the regulatory burden and the cost of developing new treatments and diagnostics. Key words: congenital heart defects, endovascular methods, open heart operations, minimally invasive interventions, critical heart defects.

The review provides modern insights into methods for identifying a variety of scenarios that are currently classified as chronic coronary syndrome and involve different risks for subsequent cardiovascular events. The assessment of pre-test probability and determinants that enhance and reduce the possibility of diagnosing coronary heart disease are considered. The necessity and sequence of application of both simple instrumental methods of diagnostics of chronic coronary disease (electrocardiography, ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring, exercise electrocardiogram, echocardiography) and more complex ones requiring specially trained personnel and modern equipment (stress echocardiography, computed tomography and invasive coronary angiography) are discussed. The recommended modern diagnostic algorithm in symptomatic patients with suspected coronary heart disease is presented.

Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory and immunological factors present in the general population play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in RA. More than that, RA is treated with a wide range of drugs, many of which have the potential to alter cardiovascular function. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) have been linked to an increased risk, whereas some treatments, like methotrexate and TNF inhibitors, have been linked to a reduced risk. Cardiac catheterization is just one of several possible procedures that can be done on the heart. More than a million people in the United States get cardiac catheterization each year. [1] Any time a surgeon makes incisions into a patient, they must be ready for the possibility of complications, whether they arise from the patient or the surgery itself. Fortunately, the prevalence of these issues has decreased considerably in recent years thanks to developments in cardiac catheterization equipment, advances in the experience of the operators, and the introduction of novel methods. The term "cardiac catheterization" can refer to either a right heart or a left heart catheterization, or both. Depending on the patient's condition, interventional cardiologists can do either diagnostic or therapeutic operations. The dangers and difficulties that can arise during a diagnostic cardiac catheterization are briefly discussed in this article.

Emergency presentation of some rare causes of massive colonic bleeding with clinical hemodynamic instability often presents challenging diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. This is more so in a resource-limited locality such as ours where there is a dearth of technical expertise and equipment available to handle such unusual cases. This report presents a case of massive colonic bleed from a pseudoaneurysm of a branch of the ileocolic artery which had a fistulous communication with the cecum and was successfully treated with minimally invasive interventional radiology procedure in Lagos, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: The investigation of novel circulating serum and plasma biomarkers in patients with cardiovascular disease has been accelerating at a remarkable pace. New markers or tests are often presented too early to the medical profession, potentially leading to overuse and, thus, extra burden and costs to patients, the healthcare industry, and the economy. The challenge for clinicians and medical researchers is how to optimally apply existing and new markers/tests.CONTENT: Biomarkers are biological parameters that can be objectively measured and quantified as indicators of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or responses to a therapeutic intervention. Typically thought of as disease process screening, diagnosing, or monitoring tools, biomarkers may also be used to determine disease susceptibility and eligibility for specific therapies. Cardiac biomarkers are protein components of cell structures that are released into circulation when myocardial injury occurs. They play a pivotal role in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment of patients with chest pain and suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as well as those with acute exacerbations of heart failure.SUMMARY: Active investigation has brought forward an increasingly large number of novel candidate markers but few have withstood the test of time and become integrated into contemporary clinical care because of their readily apparent diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic utility. With regard to the more novel biomarkers, careful thought is needed with regard to the appropriate target populations for discovery and validation, as well as the criteria used to sort out the contenders from the pretenders.KEYWORDS: biomarker, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, risk stratification, diagnosis, prognosis

Abstract Purpose of Review Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging provides radiation-free, 3-dimensional soft tissue visualization with adjunct hemodynamic data, making it a promising candidate for image-guided transcatheter interventions. This review focuses on the benefits and background of real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided cardiac catheterization, guidance on starting a clinical program, and recent research developments. Recent Findings Interventional cardiac magnetic resonance (iCMR) has an established track record with the first entirely MRI-guided cardiac catheterization for congenital heart disease reported nearly 20 years ago. Since then, many centers have embarked upon clinical iCMR programs primarily performing diagnostic MRI-guided cardiac catheterization. There have also been limited reports of successful real-time MRI-guided transcatheter interventions. Growing experience in performing cardiac catheterization in the magnetic resonance environment has facilitated practical workflows appropriate for efficiency-focused cardiac catheterization laboratories. Most exciting developments in imaging technology, MRI-compatible equipment and MRI-guided novel transcatheter interventions have been limited to preclinical research. Many of these research developments are ready for clinical translation. Summary With increasing iCMR clinical experience and translation of preclinical research innovations, the time to make the leap to radiation-free procedures is now.

Better diagnostics are always essential for the treatment and prevention of a disease. Existing technologies for detecting infectious and non-infectious diseases are mostly tedious, expensive, and do not meet the World Health Organization’s (WHO) ASSURED (affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free, and deliverable to end user) criteria. Hence, more accurate, sensitive, and faster diagnostic technologies that meet the ASSURED criteria are highly required for timely and evidenced-based treatment. Presently, the diagnostics industry is finding interest in microfluidics-based biosensors, as this integration comprises all qualities, such as reduction in the size of the equipment, rapid turnaround time, possibility of parallel multiple analysis or multiplexing, etc. Microfluidics deal with the manipulation/analysis of fluid within micrometer-sized channels. Biosensors comprise biomolecules immobilized on a physicochemical transducer for the detection of a specific analyte. In this review article, we provide an outline of the history of microfluidics, current practices in the selection of materials in microfluidics, and how and where microfluidics-based biosensors have been used for the diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Our inclination in this review article is toward the employment of microfluidics-based biosensors for the improvement of already existing/traditional methods in order to reduce efforts without compromising the accuracy of the diagnostic test. This article also suggests the possible improvements required in microfluidic chip-based biosensors in order to meet the ASSURED criteria.

Cardiac disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases can be prevented if an effective diagnostic is made at the initial stages. The ECG test is referred to as the diagnostic assistant tool for screening of cardiac disorder. The research purposes of a cardiac disorder detection system from 12-lead-based ECG Images. The healthcare institutes used various ECG equipment that present results in nonuniform formats of ECG images. The research study proposes a generalized methodology to process all formats of ECG. Single Shoot Detection (SSD) MobileNet v2-based Deep Neural Network architecture was used to detect cardiovascular disease detection. The study focused on detecting the four major cardiac abnormalities (i.e., myocardial infarction, abnormal heartbeat, previous history of MI, and normal class) with 98% accuracy results were calculated. The work is relatively rare based on their dataset; a collection of 11,148 standard 12-lead-based ECG images used in this study were manually collected from health care institutes and annotated by the domain experts. The study achieved high accuracy results to differentiate and detect four major cardiac abnormalities. Several cardiologists manually verified the proposed system’s accuracy result and recommended that the proposed system can be used to screen for a cardiac disorder.

Deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD) are more common than any other kind of mortality in the world. Electrocardiograms, two-dimensional echocardiograms, and stress tests are only a few of the diagnostic tools available to combat the rising incidence of cardiovascular disease. Since the electrocardiogram (ECG) is a clinical therapeutic agent that does not need any intrusive procedures, it may be used to diagnose cardiovascular disease (CVD) early and prescribe the appropriate treatment to prevent its fatal consequences. However, it may be time-consuming and demanding for a physical examination to interpret all these signals from various pieces of equipment, especially if they are non-stationary and repeating. It is necessary to use a computer-assisted model for rapid and precise prediction of CVDs since the Heart Signal from an ECG machine is not a stationary sign, the differences may not be repeated and may manifest at different intervals. In this paper, we offer a fully deep convolutional neural network-based automated diagnosis technique for cardiovascular illness. In order to extract those form characteristics from the Kaggle cardio-vascular disease dataset, CVD-MRI is employed in this detection method. In this case, the risk of cardiovascular disease is estimated using a completely deep convolution neural network and deep learning convolution filters (CVD). The suggested operation's main goal is to improve the accuracy of completely deep convolution neural network while simultaneously reducing the complexity of the computation and the cost function. Accuracy of 88 percent is achieved by the proposed fully deep convolutional neural network.

BACKGROUND: An important global public health problem in many economically developed countries, in particular Kazakhstan, is the leading cause of incidence of and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). AIM: The purpose of our study was to compare incidence and mortality from CVD in urban and rural areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2019 based on statistics. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive study, which based on secondary data from the statistical reports on the Republic of Kazakhstan «Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the activities of health care organizations». Information from this database were generated by 14 provinces, three cities of republican significance and whole Kazakhstan. In addition, these indicators were divided for rural and urban settlements. RESULTS: Data from our epidemiological study of the incidence of and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) in all provinces indicate a relatively high incidence of and mortality from CVD among urban population of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Among urban residents (per 100,000 population), the highest incidence rates of CVD was in Akmola province (3771.7), the ischemic heart disease (IHD) was in Almaty city (850.8), arterial hypertension (AH) was in Akmola province (2623.8), acute myocardial infarction was in the North Kazakhstan province (212.9), the highest mortality from CVD was in Karaganda province (365), the IHD was in East Kazakhstan province (135.4). Among rural residents (per 100,000 population), there are high incidence rates of CVD in the East Kazakhstan province (3452.8), the IHD in Zhambyl province (713.1), AH in the East Kazakhstan province (1871.4), acute myocardial infarction in Atyrau province (148.3), the highest mortality from CVD was in East Kazakhstan province (201.9), and the IHD also in East Kazakhstan province (77.3). CONCLUSIONS: There is rural-urban health inequality in many countries and CVD is not the exclusion. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, the rural population has got lower rates of incidence and mortality. This may be due to the bad access to medical facilities that are typical for rural areas of Kazakhstan and the shortage of modern diagnostic equipment which may interfere with timely diagnosis.

The artificial intelligence clinical decision support system, or AI-CDSS, is a potent tool that helps medical practitioners make well-informed, evidence-based choices about patient care. To provide individualised advice and insights, it makes use of data analysis methods and artificial intelligence algorithms. The advantages and features of the AI-CDSS are examined in this system, which includes real-time alerts and monitoring, continuous learning and improvement, medication interactions and adverse event identification, diagnostic and treatment recommendations, patient data analysis, and predictive analytics. Additionally, the model addresses the use of AI-driven decision-making systems in the healthcare industry, with particular attention to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, the management of chronic diseases, medication optimisation, surgical decision support, the control of infectious disease outbreaks, the analysis of radiology and medical imaging, mental health support, and clinical trials and research.

Biomedical diagnostic research is becoming increasingly important in the modern medical profession. Infectious disease inspection, initial detection, chronic disease treatment, clinical services and well-being hunt down are the various applications of biosensors. Advanced biosensor technology permits the identification of the disease and the examination of the patient’s responses to medication. Sensor technology is crucial for a broad range of low-cost and practicable developed medical appliances. Biosensors offer many possibilities because they are unambiguous, ascendable and capable of synthesizing procedures. Cardiovascular disease(CVD) is now recognized as the leading cause of death. It is estimated that the number of people dying from heart disease and stroke will approach 20 million by 2015. The risk event of unexpected death associated with it can be minimized by recognizing the challenges involved in its beginning, symptoms, and early detection. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide an idea for the diagnosis and therapeutics of CVD. Biosensors, created to be utilized as quick screening instruments to detect disease biomarkers early on and classify the condition, are revolutionizing CVD diagnosis and prognosis. Biosensors have become faster, more accurate, portable, and environmentally friendly diagnostic equipment as a result of advances in interdisciplinary study domains.

Environmental deterioration is one among the most important concerns confronting the world today. It becomes worse every year and has an adverse impact on the environment as well as human health. The primary sources of contamination include sewage water, industrial effluents, haphazard pesticide and fertilizer use, and oil spills. Exposure to these toxins has been linked with a variety of health issues including respiratory ailments, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Indeed, nanobiotechnology has emerged as an extremely viable and promising tool for addressing the complex concerns associated with environmental and human health challenges. Nanoparticles and nanomaterials produced by nanobiotechnology possess several advantages, including increased surface area, reactivity, and biocompatibility. These characteristics allow for the invention of novel pollution detection and remediation strategies, along with novel drug delivery systems and diagnostic devices. Nanotechnology enhances the strength of many materials and equipment, along with the efficiency of monitoring equipment, environmental pollution abatement, and the production of renewable energy. This chapter emphasizes the critical need of nanobiotechnology to address the environmental issues and human health. We can pave the way for more effective pollution management techniques, greater healthcare results, and a healthier, more sustainable future for everybody by using nanobiotechnology's capabilities.

Cardiovascular dysfunction is common in critically ill patients and is the primary cause of death in a vast array of illnesses. The prompt identification and diagnosis of its probable cause, coupled to appropriate resuscitation and (when possible) specific treatments, are cornerstones of intensive care medicine. Cardiovascular performance can be assessed clinically at the bedside and through haemodynamic monitoring, and with therapeutic or other proactive interventions. Rapid assessment of shocked patients by bedside echocardiography is increasingly used in those institutions where equipment and expertise are available. Diagnostic approaches or therapies based on data derived from invasive haemodynamic monitoring in the critically ill patient assume that specific patterns of derangement reflect specific disease processes, which will respond to appropriate intervention.

The discipline of artificial intelligence (AI), which trains computers to comprehend and analyse pictures using computer vision, is flourishing, particularly in the medical industry. The well-known non-invasive diagnostic procedure known as CCTA (Coronary Computerized Tomography Angiography) is used to diagnose cardiovascular disease (CD). Pre-processing CT Angiography pictures is a crucial step in computer vision-based medical diagnosis. Implementing image enhancement preprocess to reduce noise or blur pixels and weak edges in a picture marks the beginning of the research stages. Using Python and PyCharm(IDE) editor, we can build Edge detection routines, smoothing/filtering functions, and edge sharpening functions as a first step in the pre-processing of CCTA pictures.

Global tobacco production reached approximately 7 billion kilograms, with China leading the way at 2.35 billion kilograms. India secured the second position in both tobacco production and exports worldwide. In India, tobacco cultivation covered 0.45 million hectares, accounting for a mere 0.31% of the country's total cultivated area, yet yielding a substantial 750 million kilograms of tobacco. The nation boasts ten distinct tobacco types cultivated across 15 states, encompassing both cigarette varieties (such as FCV, burley, and Oriental) and non-cigarette varieties (like Bidi, Chewing, Hookah, Natu, Cheroot, Cigar, and HDBRG). The nicotine found in tobacco is known for its high level of addictiveness, and the use of tobacco poses a significant risk factor for a wide range of health issues, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, over 20 different types or subtypes of cancer, as well as various other disabling health conditions. Furthermore, there are severe health hazards associated with tobacco use, and tobacco farmers experience a higher prevalence of issues like Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) when compared to non-tobacco farmers and the general population. The WHO estimates that every year, over 3.5 million hectares of land are cleared for the production of tobacco, which mostly occurs in developing countries and contributes to deforestation. Because of the damage caused by tobacco production, the soil is no longer suitable for supporting the growth of other crops or plants. Each year, tobacco use adds 84 megatons of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, to the atmosphere. Five crucial stages of the tobacco life cycle can be distinguished: product manufacture, distribution and transportation; product use, including exposure to second- and third-hand smoke; growing and curing; and disposal of waste from post-consumption tobacco products. The cultivation of tobacco has adverse effects on the environment, including agro-biodiversity, water and soil quality, biodiversity, and traditional agricultural practices. Studies, conducted by Kutub et al. (2015), have revealed contamination of both soil and water with toxic pesticides and chemical compounds, resulting in diminished soil fertility and elevated water pollution. Moreover, the tobacco industry is responsible for an estimated annual contribution of 84 megatons of carbon dioxide to greenhouse gas emissions and the annual destruction of approximately 3.5 million hectares of land for tobacco cultivation, as indicated by research like Hammerich et al. (2020). Farmers demonstrated a lack of awareness regarding the adverse consequences of tobacco cultivation on soil fertility, the environment, and even their own health. Their level of education also reflected their limited knowledge in this regard. In terms of soil effects, tobacco cultivation significantly depletes soil nutrients, necessitating frequent applications of chemical fertilizers and increased pesticide use. The repeated use of these inputs has detrimental effects on the cultivation of other crops, potentially endangering farm workers, leading to chronic health issues, and negatively impacting the environment, as documented by Karima et al. in 2016. Health problems associated with tobacco cultivation: Nicotine poisoning, commonly known as Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS), can result from touching tobacco leaves and expose oneself to nicotine. Symptoms include nausea and vomiting. When nicotine from tobacco leaves combines with sweat, dew, or rain, it becomes more likely to seep into the skin and bloodstream, increasing the risk of nicotine poisoning (Saleeon et al., 2016). Workers are at risk of inhaling dust from dried tobacco leaves during the curing process, which can concentrate nicotine and other potentially harmful chemical substances. This exposure poses a threat to the respiratory system, particularly when workers do not use personal protective equipment. Respiratory exposure can also occur during activities such as stacking and tying leaves, loading them for transportation, and when handling chemicals during mixing and spraying, as observed in the study by Saude et al. in 2012. The tobacco farmers experienced higher proportion of sever health hazards, illnesses like CVD ( Cardio Vascular Disorders) and respiratory issues caused them higher share of out of pocket expenditures as compared to non-tobacco farmers and general population (Shahzad et al., 2021). Health issues related to consumption of tobacco- Cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing several systemic conditions including cancer, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Cigarette smoking was also detrimental to oral health (Ramoa et a.l, 2017). Evidence was found about smoking associated with lower BMD (bone mineral density), increased risk for fracture, periodontitis, alveolar bone loss, implant failure, increased joint disease, poor functional outcomes and poor therapeutic response (AL-Bashaireh et al., 2018). SLT (Smokeless Tobacco) consumption was related with several health issues such as oral cancers, cardiovascular diseases, low birth weight and mental illnesses. Most of the research studies were conducted in different countries like Brazil, Thailand, India, China, Turkey and Bangladesh. The world health organization reported about the tobacco cultivation and consumption effects on environment and health. Very old research studies were found on consumption of chewing tobacco type compared with smoking type tobacco. Tobacco cultivation and consumption pollute the air, water and soil which will cause the environmental degradation. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like heart diseases, cancers, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases were the leading causes of death by tobacco consumption. The musculoskeletal disorders, green tobacco sickness, dehydration, nausea, vomiting, skin diseases and respiratory problems were identified in tobacco cultivation. From collected reviews, many researchers suggested that while working in tobacco field, usage of personal protective equipment kit reduces the health issues among field workers. But, no one had designed the personal protective equipment kit for tobacco field workers.