Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cardiovascular modeling'
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Maksuti, Elira. "Imaging and modeling the cardiovascular system." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Medicinsk bildteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-196538.
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FEVOLA, ELISA. "Boundary conditions estimation techniques for cardiovascular modeling." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2972100.
Full textDu, Dongping. "Physical-Statistical Modeling and Optimization of Cardiovascular Systems." Scholar Commons, 2002. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5875.
Full textZamanian, Sam Ahmad. "Modeling and simulating human cardiovascular response to acceleration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40536.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 95-98).
The human cardiovascular system routinely encounters conditions that cause it to adapt. For example, when an astronaut enters microgravity, his/her cardiovascular system adapts rapidly to the weightless environment with no functional impairment. This adaptation is entirely appropriate while in space. However, it predisposes astronauts to problems when they return. It has been suggested that the regimen for astronauts on long-duration space travel include periods of artificial acceleration via centrifugation, in order to maintain some exposure to a gravitational gradient and thus ameliorate some of the physiological consequences of exposure to microgravity. To design such an intervention, it is desirable to know and understand, as well as to predict the cardiovascular response to centrifugation stress. A reasonably compartmentalized mathematical model of the cardiovascular system that represents these conditions is presented, which will allow for understanding and predicting cardiovascular behavior under such conditions. We validated our simulations against human data and showed that our results closely matched the experimental data. Upon validation, we used our model to predict the response of the cardiovascular system to levels of stress that cannot yet be tested on human subjects.
by Sam Ahmad Zamanian.
S.M.
Boilevin-Kayl, Ludovic. "Modeling and numerical simulation of implantable cardiovascular devices." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS039.
Full textThis thesis, taking place in the context of the Mivana project, is devoted to the modeling and to the numerical simulation of implantable cardiovascular devices. This project is led by the start-up companies Kephalios and Epygon, conceptors of minimally invasive surgical solutions for the treatment of mitral regurgitation. The design and the simulation of such devices call for efficient and accurate numerical methods able to correctly compute cardiac hemodynamics. This is the main purpose of this thesis. In the first part, we describe the cardiovascular system and the cardiac valves before presenting some standard material for the mathematical modeling of cardiac hemodynamics. Based on the degree of complexity adopted for the modeling of the valve leaflets, two approaches are identified: the resistive immersed surfaces model and the complete fluidstructure interaction model. In the second part, we investigate the first approach which consists in combining a reduced modeling of the valves dynamics with a kinematic uncoupling of cardiac hemodynamics and electromechanics. We enhance it with external physiological data for the correct simulation of isovolumetric phases, cornerstones of the heartbeat, resulting in a relatively accurate model which avoids the complexity of fully coupled problems. Then, a series of numerical tests on 3D physiological geometries, involving mitral regurgitation and several configurations of immersed valves, illustrates the performance of the proposed model. In the third and final part, complete fluid-structure interaction models are considered. This type of modeling is necessary when investigating more complex problems where the previous approach is no longer satisfactory, such as mitral valve prolapse or the closing of a mechanical valve. From the numerical point of view, the development of accurate and efficient methods is mandatory to be able to compute such physiological cases. We then consider a complete numerical study in which several unfitted meshes methods are compared. Next, we present a new explicit coupling scheme in the context of the fictitious domain method for which the unconditional stability in the energy norm is proved. Several 2D numerical examples are provided to illustrate the properties and the performance of this scheme. Last, this method is finally used for 2D and 3D numerical simulation of implantable cardiovascular devices in a complete fluid-structure interaction framework
Wang, Siqi. "NONINVASIVE ASSESSMENT AND MODELING OF DIABETIC CARDIOVASCULAR AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cbme_etds/5.
Full textOjeda, Avellaneda David. "Multi-resolution physiological modeling for the analysis of cardiovascular pathologies." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01056825.
Full textParlikar, Tushar Anil 1978. "Modeling and monitoring of cardiovascular dynamics for patients in critical care." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40859.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-239).
In modern intensive care units (ICUs) a vast and varied amount of physiological data is measured and collected, with the intent of providing clinicians with detailed information about the physiological state of each patient. The data include measurements from the bedside monitors of heavily instrumented patients, imaging studies, laboratory test results, and clinical observations. The clinician's task of integrating and interpreting the data, however, is complicated by the sheer volume of information and the challenges of organizing it appropriately. This task is made even more difficult by ICU patients' frequently-changing physiological state. Although the extensive clinical information collected in ICUs presents a challenge, it also opens up several opportunities. In particular, we believe that physiologically-based computational models and model-based estimation methods can be harnessed to better understand and track patient state. These methods would integrate a patient's hemodynamic data streams by analyzing and interpreting the available information, and presenting resultant pathophysiological hypotheses to the clinical staff in an effcient manner. In this thesis, such a possibility is developed in the context of cardiovascular dynamics. The central results of this thesis concern averaged models of cardiovascular dynamics and a novel estimation method for continuously tracking cardiac output and total peripheral resistance. This method exploits both intra-beat and inter-beat dynamics of arterial blood pressure, and incorporates a parametrized model of arterial compliance. We validated our method with animal data from laboratory experiments and ICU patient data.
(cont.) The resulting root-mean-square-normalized errors -- at most 15% depending on the data set -- are quite low and clinically acceptable. In addition, we describe a novel estimation scheme for continuously monitoring left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular end-diastolic volume. We validated this method on an animal data set. Again, the resulting root-mean-square-normalized errors were quite low -- at most 13%. By continuously monitoring cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, and arterial blood pressure, one has the basis for distinguishing between cardiogenic, hypovolemic, and septic shock. We hope that the results in this thesis will contribute to the development of a next-generation patient monitoring system.
by Tushar Anil Parlikar.
Ph.D.
GUALA, ANDREA. "Mathematical modelling of cardiovascular fluid mechanics: physiology, pathology and clinical practice." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2615064.
Full textLindgren, Peter. "Modeling the economics of prevention /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-352-3/.
Full textMak, Shiu-kwong Thomas, and 麥肇鑛. "Modeling diabetic cardiomyopathy using embryonic stem cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193562.
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Medicine
Master
Master of Medical Sciences
Randles, Amanda Elizabeth. "Modeling cardiovascular hemodynamics using the lattice Boltzmann method on massively parallel supercomputers." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3567037.
Full textAccurate and reliable modeling of cardiovascular hemodynamics has the potential to improve understanding of the localization and progression of heart diseases, which are currently the most common cause of death in Western countries. However, building a detailed, realistic model of human blood flow is a formidable mathematical and computational challenge. The simulation must combine the motion of the fluid, the intricate geometry of the blood vessels, continual changes in flow and pressure driven by the heartbeat, and the behavior of suspended bodies such as red blood cells. Such simulations can provide insight into factors like endothelial shear stress that act as triggers for the complex biomechanical events that can lead to atherosclerotic pathologies. Currently, it is not possible to measure endothelial shear stress in vivo, making these simulations a crucial component to understanding and potentially predicting the progression of cardiovascular disease. In this thesis, an approach for efficiently modeling the fluid movement coupled to the cell dynamics in real-patient geometries while accounting for the additional force from the expansion and contraction of the heart will be presented and examined.
First, a novel method to couple a mesoscopic lattice Boltzmann fluid model to the microscopic molecular dynamics model of cell movement is elucidated. A treatment of red blood cells as extended structures, a method to handle highly irregular geometries through topology driven graph partitioning, and an efficient molecular dynamics load balancing scheme are introduced. These result in a large-scale simulation of the cardiovascular system, with a realistic description of the complex human arterial geometry, from centimeters down to the spatial resolution of red-blood cells. The computational methods developed to enable scaling of the application to 294,912 processors are discussed, thus empowering the simulation of a full heartbeat.
Second, further extensions to enable the modeling of fluids in vessels with smaller diameters and a method for introducing the deformational forces exerted on the arterial flows from the movement of the heart by borrowing concepts from cosmodynamics are presented. These additional forces have a great impact on the endothelial shear stress. Third, the fluid model is extended to not only recover Navier-Stokes hydrodynamics, but also a wider range of Knudsen numbers, which is especially important in micro- and nano-scale flows. The tradeoffs of many optimizations methods such as the use of deep halo level ghost cells that, alongside hybrid programming models, reduce the impact of such higher-order models and enable efficient modeling of extreme regimes of computational fluid dynamics are discussed. Fourth, the extension of these models to other research questions like clogging in microfluidic devices and determining the severity of co-arctation of the aorta is presented. Through this work, a validation of these methods by taking real patient data and the measured pressure value before the narrowing of the aorta and predicting the pressure drop across the co-arctation is shown. Comparison with the measured pressure drop in vivo highlights the accuracy and potential impact of such patient specific simulations.
Finally, a method to enable the simulation of longer trajectories in time by discretizing both spatially and temporally is presented. In this method, a serial coarse iterator is used to initialize data at discrete time steps for a fine model that runs in parallel. This coarse solver is based on a larger time step and typically a coarser discretization in space. Iterative refinement enables the compute-intensive fine iterator to be modeled with temporal parallelization. The algorithm consists of a series of prediction-corrector iterations completing when the results have converged within a certain tolerance. Combined, these developments allow large fluid models to be simulated for longer time durations than previously possible.
Trivedi, Dyuti Kishorbhai. "Simulation of a Complete Cardiovascular Loop: Development of a Simulink Based Pressure-Flow Model to Obtain the Origin of the Electrical Impedance Cardiogram." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1232729044.
Full text"May, 2009." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 8/2/2009) Advisor, Bruce C. Taylor; Committee members, Daniel B. Sheffer, Dale H. Mugler; Department Chair, Daniel B. Sheffer; Dean of the College, George K. Haritos; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
Everett, Kay Dee Furman. "Mechanisms and Implications of Fracture in Cardiovascular Stents." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11458.
Full textEngineering and Applied Sciences
Dong, Rumei. "Modeling of the cardiovascular system with integrated finite elemant and electrical analog methods /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2006. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/fullcit/3239905.
Full textSantos, Andreia Esteves. "Modeling and numerical simulation of the flexibility and structural instability of cardiovascular stents." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23678.
Full textCardiovascular disease is currently one of the major causes of death in developed countries. Atherosclerosis is one of these diseases and results from an unhealthy lifestyle a ecting predominantly medium size arteries, such as the coronary or the carotid artery. It consists on the deployment of layers of fat in the vessel walls, narrowing the blood vessel and limiting the blood ow. Stents are small expandable devices that, when placed inside the artery, allow it to expand almost to its original form. There are two types of stents: ballon expandable stents and self-expanding stents. Self-expanding stents were the ones studied in this Dissertation and their major di erence relies on the material they were made of. Shape memory alloys have been researched for the past decades due to their unique features. They are known for being able to recover their original form after su ering a large deformation, through the application of a stimulus that can either be magnetic or of temperature. The main goal of this Dissertation was to study the shape memory alloys in order to have a better understanding of their behavior and unique properties, so that it can be applied in numerical simulation software (in this case Femap with NX Nastran). Therefore, it was performed a bending test on two commercially available models. Di erent types of analysis and options provided by the software, as well as three di erent mesh sizes, allowed to take di erent conclusions. It was possible to conclude that, for the theoretically more exible model, the obtained results were similar to the ones used as a reference. Nevertheless, for the other model the results were a bit di erent than the ones expected. It was also noted that the mesh size has noticeable in uences on the results.
As doenças cardiovasculares correspondem atualmente a uma das maiores causas de morte nos países desenvolvidos. A aterosclerose é uma destas doenças e resulta, essencialmente, de um estilo de vida pouco saudável afetando predominantemente as artérias de médio calibre: coronárias, carótidas, renais, entre outras, e consiste no acumulamento de gordura no interior do vaso sanguíneo até este ficar completamente obstruído. Os stents são pequenos dispositivos expansíveis que, uma vez colocados na artéria, expandem permitindo assim que este vaso _que desobstruído. Existem essencialmente dois tipos de stents: os que são expandidos através de um balão e os que expandem automaticamente. Estes últimos foram estudados no âmbito da proposta dissertação, estando a sua grande diferença no material de que são feitos. Os materiais com memória de forma têm sido alvo de pesquisa durante as últimas décadas devido às suas características únicas. Distinguem-se por, após terem sofrido uma deformação elevada, conseguirem recuperar a sua forma original apenas através da aplicação de um estímulo, que pode ser magnético ou de temperatura. O âmbito desta dissertação consistiu em estudar os materiais com memória de forma, de modo a perceber o seu comportamento e as suas propriedades bem como a sua aplicação no software de simulação numérica Femap with NX Nastran. Foram então estudados dois modelos disponíveis comercialmente, através da execução de um teste de flexão. Diferentes tipos de análises e opções do software foram testadas, assim como diferentes malhas para o mesmo modelo. Foi possível concluir que, para o modelo teoricamente mais flexível, os resultados foram semelhantes à referência utilizada, enquanto que para o outro modelo foram encontradas algumas diferenças. De notar ainda a influência do tamanho da malha nos resultados obtidos.
Yilmaz, Neval A. "An Integrated, Dynamic Model For Cardiovascular And Pulmonary Systems." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607650/index.pdf.
Full textKotiya, Akhilesh A. "Mechanical characterisation and structural analysis of normal and remodeled cardiovascular soft tissue." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85903.
Full textQu, Wenlong. "The multiprocessor SAS framework for modeling and cost-effectiveness analysis of treatments for cardiovascular disease." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26748.
Full textSubramaniam, Dhananjay Radhakrishnan. "Role of Elasticity in Respiratory and Cardiovascular Flow." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522054562050044.
Full textKimmig, François. "Multi-scale modeling of muscle contraction : From stochastic dynamics of molecular motors to continuum mechanics." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX071/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with the mathematical description of the micro-scale muscle contraction mechanisms with the aim of proposing and integrating our models into a multiscale heart simulation framework.This research effort is made in the context of digital medicine, which proposes to improve the treatment of patients with the use of numerical tools.The first contribution of this thesis is a literature review of the experimental works characterizing the actin-myosin interaction and its regulations to compile information in a useable form for the development of models.This stage is an essential prerequisite to modeling.We then propose a hierarchy of muscle contraction models starting from a previously proposed refined stochastic model, which was only validated for skeletal muscles, and applying successive simplification assumptions.The simplification stages transform the initial stochastic differential equation into a partial differential equation with a model that is part of the Huxley'57 model family.A further simplification then leads to a description governed by a set of ordinary differential equations.The relevance of these models, targeting different time scales, is demonstrated by comparing them with experimental data obtained with cardiac muscles and their range of validity is investigated.To integrate these microscopic descriptions into a heart simulation framework, we extend the models to take into account the force regulation mechanisms that take place in vivo, leading to the derivation of new partial differential equations.Then, we link the microscopic contraction models to the macroscopic organ model.We follow for that an approach based on the thermodynamical principles to deal with the multi-scale nature in time and space of the muscle tissue at the continuous and at the discrete levels.The validity of this simulation framework is demonstrated by showing its ability to reproduce the heart behavior and in particular to capture the essential features of the Frank-Starling effect
Gul, Raheem [Verfasser]. "Mathematical Modeling and Sensitivity Analysis of Lumped-Parameter Model of the Human Cardiovascular System / Raheem Gul." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1082238007/34.
Full textLI, YUCHEN. "MICROALGAE PEPTIDES IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION: STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION,BIOACTIVITY INVESTIGATION,AND IN SILICO MOLECULAR MODELING ANALYSIS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/850789.
Full textRestrepo, Pelaez Maria. "Development of a coupled geometrical multiscale solver and application to single ventricle surgical planning." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54832.
Full textHemasilpin, Nat. "Toward Optimal Adaptive Control of Hemodialysis." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1378112378.
Full textLeoce, Nicole M. "Prognostic Modeling in the Presence of Competing Risks| An Application to Cardiovascular and Cancer Mortality in Breast Cancer Survivors." Thesis, Columbia University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10110945.
Full textCurrently, there are an estimated 2.8 million breast cancer survivors in the United States. Due to modern screening practices and raised awareness, the majority of these cases will be diagnosed in the early stages of disease where highly effective treatment options are available, leading a large proportion of these patients to fail from causes other than breast cancer. The primary cause of death in the United States today is cardiovascular disease, which can be delayed or prevented with interventions such as lifestyle modifications or medications. In order to identify individuals who may be at high risk for a cardiovascular event or cardiovascular mortality, a number of prognostic models have been developed. The majority of these models were developed on populations free of comorbid conditions, utilizing statistical methods that did not account for the competing risks of death from other causes, therefore it is unclear whether they will be generalizable to a cancer population remaining at an increased risk of death from cancer and other causes.
Consequently, the purpose of this work is multi-fold. We will first summarize the major statistical methods available for analyzing competing risk data and include a simulation study comparing them. This will be used to inform the interpretation of the real data analysis, which will be conducted on a large, contemporary cohort of breast cancer survivors. For these women, we will categorize the major causes of death, hypothesizing that it will include cardiovascular failure. Next, we will evaluate the existing cardiovascular disease risk models in our population of cancer survivors, and then propose a new model to simultaneously predict a survivor's risk of death due to her breast cancer or due to cardiovascular disease, while accounting for additional competing causes of death. Lastly, model predicted outcomes will be calculated for the cohort, and evaluation methods will be applied to determine the clinical utility of such a model.
Lonardoni, José Augusto Calvo. "Desenvolvimento de um simulador da mecânica cardiovascular humana controlada pelo mecanismo reflexo baroceptor." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3152/tde-11122006-130030/.
Full textDuring the last years, physiology learning has been strongly favored by the development of mathematical models and patient simulators capable of safely reproduce specific parts or complete physiological systems. Studies show that traditional classes together with simulations are able to in-crease the comprehension of concepts involved. The main objective of this work is to develop a simu-lator of the cardiovascular system capable of representing the cardiac cycle dynamics in a didactic fashion. There are just a few available simulators of this kind, and the existing ones are based on simplified models or unfriendly interfaces. In order to achieve high flexibility in simulated scenarios and an adequate level of realism, we decided to use a mathematical model of the cardiovascular physiology to calculate variables and parameters acting in the background of the application. The development of this model constitutes the second objective of the present work. Due to the desired level of complexity, we decided to use an existing model found in the literature, improved with addi-tional parameters we found necessary. The result is a model with eight vascular compartments and all four cardiac chambers, with pulsatile behavior, controlled by the baroreflex mechanism, a short term control that regulates arterial pressure. The simulator (developed in Visual C# with an interface built in Macromedia Flash) allows the user to change individual parameters and simulate blood losses, as well as visualize press, flow and volume graphs from any compartment and also pressure-volume loops from the cardiac chambers. Moreover, the resulting application is open to future inclusion of new resources and tools, such as tutorials and pathology simulation.
Heimbigner, Stephen Matthew. "Implications in Using Monte Carlo Simulation in Predicting Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Overweight Children and Adolescents." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/11.
Full textYlönen, R. (Riikka). "Characterization of the function of type XIII collagen in mice; specific roles during cardiovascular development and posnatally in bone modeling." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2005. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514279441.
Full textRahman, Roussel. "Analysis and Sensitivity Study of Zero-Dimensional Modeling of Human Blood Circulation Network." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1494769445938849.
Full textda, Silva Soares Joao Filipe. "Constitutive modeling for biodegradable polymers for application in endovascular stents." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85939.
Full textLane, Kevin J. "The community assessment of freeway exposure and health study: modeling personal exposures to ultrafine particles and effects on biomarkers of cardiovascular health." Thesis, Boston University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12142.
Full textApproximately 45 million people in the United States live, work, or attend schools within 300 feet of a major road, airport or railroad, and approximately 11% of US households reside within lOOm of highways making exposure to TRAPs a major public health concern (EPA, 2014; Brugge et al., 2007). Vehicle emissions are the primary source by which people are exposed to ultrafine particles (particles <100 nm in aerodynamic diameter, UFP), but there are substantial limitations that impede the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) ability to adequately monitor and develop a UFP standard. UFPs constitute a developing area of exposure and epidemiological research that requires novel modeling approaches to deal with bias stemming from the high spatial and temporal variability of this pollutant. This dissertation aids in filling the UFP research gap through an examination of the association between UFP and biomarkers of cardiovascular health. During the dissertation I have designed, validated and tested a novel geocoding methodology and implemented a time-activity exposure assignment model as a way to deal with error from various sources that lead to exposure misclassification. This dissertation demonstrates: 1) that epidemiological studies focusing on proximity to major roadways could have reduced ability to detect true association with adverse health effects due to inaccurate geocoding and the effects of population mobility; 2) that inclusion of time-activity in the assignment of personal exposure to UFPs produce more accurate beta estimates during health analysis; 3) positive associations between UFP measured as particle number concentration (PNC) and hsCRP, IL-6 and TNFRll that were evident after adjusting for other cardiovascular disease risk factors. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the association between chronic exposure to UFP and biomarkers of systemic inflammation and coagulation.
Tisminetzky, Mayra. "Modeling Co-Occurring Depression and Anxiety in Patients with an Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2009. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/421.
Full textYan, Huan. "Statistical adjustment, calibration, and uncertainty quantification of complex computer models." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52290.
Full textEbrahimi, Pegah. "Patient-specific design of the right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit via computational analysis." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20381.
Full textDeng, Yangyang. "A Study of the Relationship between Childhood Body Size and Adult Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Structure and Function." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3408.
Full textDodhy, Sami C. "AGE-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN OXYGEN SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF RAT SPINOTRAPEZIUS MUSCLE." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5670.
Full textCalvo, Gonźalez Mireia. "Analysis of the cardiovascular response to autonomic nervous system modulation in Brugada syndrome patients." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S056/document.
Full textBrugada syndrome (BS) is a genetic arrhythmogenic disease characterized by a distinctive electrocardiographic pattern, associated with a high risk for sudden cardiac death. Its complex and multifactorial nature turns risk stratification into a major challenge. Although variations in autonomic modulation are commonly related to arrhythmic events in this population, novel markers with higher predictive values are still needed so as to identify those patients at high risk. Since the autonomic function can be better characterized through the application of standardized maneuvers stimulating the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the main objective of this thesis is to evaluate and compare the cardiovascular response to ANS modulations overnight, as well as in response to exercise and HUT testing, on a series of BS patients with different levels of risk (symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects). In a first part of this work, we apply previously described methods for the analysis of heart rate complexity, baroreflex sensitivity, and non-stationary heart rate variability, never before studied in the context of BS patients. In a second part, in order to address the multifactorial nature of the disease, a multivariate approach based on a step-based machine learning method is introduced. By employing markers extracted at signal-processing analysis, robust classifiers capable of distinguishing patients at different levels of risk are proposed. The third part of this work has been focused on the proposal of novel mathematical models and the associated model analysis methods, so as to study the autonomic and hemodynamic responses to exercise and HUT testing. Finally, a prospective application of a multivariate approach integrating parameters extracted at the model-based stage is also presented. Overall, the obtained results provide new insights into the underlying autonomic mechanisms regulating the cardiovascular system in BS, improving physiopathology and prognosis interpretation. The proposed approach may be used as an instrument for the identification of those asymptomatic patients at high risk who may benefit from a cardioverter defibrillator implantation
El síndrome de Brugada (SB) es una enfermedad genética asociada a un patrón electrocardiográfico característico y a un elevado riesgo de muerte súbita cardíaca (MSC), causada por fibrilación ventricular (FV) en ausencia de cardiopatías estructurales. Debido a su naturaleza compleja y multifactorial, la estratificación del riesgo supone, en la actualidad, uno de los aspectos más controvertidos. Ciertas alteraciones en la modulación del sistema nervioso autónomo (SNA) se han relacionado con eventos arrítmicos en esta población; no obstante, nuevos marcadores con valores predictivos más elevados que permitan identificar a aquellos pacientes con un alto riesgo de sufrir MSC son todavía necesarios. El uso de maniobras estandarizadas con el objetivo de estimular el SNA permite una mejor caracterización de la función autonómica. El principal objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es, por tanto, la evaluación exhaustiva de la respuesta cardiovascular a la modulación del SNA en una serie de pacientes con SB y diferentes niveles de riesgo (sujetos sintomáticos y asintomáticos), a través de diferentes maniobras autonómicas, con la finalidad de identificar nuevos marcadores potencialmente útiles para la estratificación de riesgo en esta población. En este contexto, la evaluación de la función autonómica se llevó a cabo mediante tres estrategias principales. En primer lugar, se caracterizaron y compararon la variabilidad y complejidad del ritmo cardíaco, así como la sensibilidad barorrefleja, en pacientes sintomáticos y asintomáticos, con el objetivo de identificar nuevos marcadores capaces de distinguir entre grupos de pacientes. Los resultados mostraron, en el grupo sintomático, una menor variabilidad y complejidad durante la noche, así como un mayor tono vagal y una menor actividad simpática tanto durante el ejercicio como en respuesta a la prueba de mesa inclinada. En un segundo análisis, se abordó la etiología multifactorial del síndrome mediante un enfoque multivariado basado en un método de aprendizaje automático por etapas. A partir de marcadores extraídos en la etapa anterior, se propusieron modelos predictivos capaces de clasificar pacientes diagnosticados con SB en función de su nivel de riesgo. El mejor clasificador (AUC = 95%) fue diseñado a partir de marcadores autonómicos obtenidos durante la noche, superando modelos predictivos previamente descritos para la estratificación del riesgo en el SB a partir de la combinación de parámetros no invasivos. Finalmente, se analizaron las interacciones entre las funciones mecánica, circulatoria y autonómica de estos pacientes a partir de modelos fisiológicos. En primer lugar, mediante la implementación y evaluación de un modelo computacional integrando la dinámica del sistema cardiovascular y su respuesta autonómica a la prueba de mesa inclinada. Asimismo, se propuso la identificación recursiva de un modelo implementado para el análisis de la evolución temporal de las contribuciones simpática y parasimpática del SNA durante una prueba de esfuerzo. Los resultados mostraron una menor contractilidad, así como una actividad parasimpática significativamente mayor durante el ejercicio, en pacientes sintomáticos. Con el objetivo de combinar características extraídas del modelado fisiológico, un último estudio prospectivo propuso el diseño de un clasificador multivariado integrando los parámetros estimados en esta última etapa. Los resultados obtenidos indican importantes tendencias de relevancia clínica que aportan nuevos conocimientos sobre los mecanismos autonómicos encargados de regular el sistema cardiovascular en el SB. Su interpretación permite mejorar la estratificación del riesgo en estos pacientes y, por tanto, optimizar las estrategias terapéuticas aplicadas. La metodología propuesta se presenta como un instrumento para la identificación de aquellos pacientes con alto riesgo de MSC que podrían beneficiarse de la implantación de desfibriladores automáticos
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Full textA conservation law is a partial di_erential equation, in which the variable is a quantity which remains constant in time, that is it cannot be created and destroyed. Thanks to the conservation laws it is possible to de_ne models able to describe real systems in which something is stored. Fluid dynamic models, which are based on them, have a wide range of applications, because they can be used to describe blood ows, tra_c evolution on street networks of big cities or on motorways of big states, data ows on telecommunication networks, ows of goods on supply chains, electric networks, etc. ... [edited by author]
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Xi, Jiahe. "Cardiac mechanical model personalisation and its clinical applications." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0db4cf52-4f64-4ee0-8933-3fb49d64aee6.
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