Relevant bibliographies by topics / Cardiovascular system – Diseases – Exercise therapy

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Cardiovascular system – Diseases – Exercise therapy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Cardiovascular system – Diseases – Exercise therapy"

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Manfredini, Fabio, Anna M. Malagoni, Simona Mandini, et al. "Sport Therapy for Hypertension: Why, how, and how Much?" Angiology 60, no. 2 (2008): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003319708316012.

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Exercise may prevent or reduce the effects of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, including arterial hypertension. Both acute and chronic exercise, alone or combined with lifestyle modifications, decrease blood pressure and avoid or reduce the need for pharmacologic therapy in patients with hypertension. The hypotensive effect of exercise is observed in a large percentage of subjects, with differences due to age, sex, race, health conditions, parental history, and genetic factors. Exercise regulates autonomic nervous system activity, increases shear stress, improves nitric oxide production in endothelial cells and its bioavailability for vascular smooth muscle, up-regulates antioxidant enzymes. Endurance training is primarily effective, and resistance training can be combined with it. Low-to-moderate intensity training in sedentary patients with hypertension is necessary, and tailored programs make exercise safe and effective also in special populations. Supervised or home-based exercise programs allow a nonpharmacological reduction of hypertension and reduce risk factors, with possible beneficial effects on cardiovascular morbidity.
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Turi, Bruna Camilo, Mariana Rotta Bonfim, Jamile Sanches Codogno, et al. "EXERCISE, BLOOD PRESSURE AND MORTALITY: FINDINGS OF EIGHT YEARS OF FOLLOW-UP." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 23, no. 2 (2017): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220172302158989.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: In the last decades, unhealthy habits, such as low levels of physical activity and poor diet, have increased. Consequently, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and mortality has increased significantly among adults. However, it is known that regular physical exercises help to improve health outcomes. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of eight years of regular participation in an exercise program on blood pressure and mortality in the Brazilian public health system. Methods: The sample consisted of 34 participants with hypertension and/or type II diabetes who were followed up for eight years. They were paired by age, body mass index and chronic disease in two groups: exercise and control. During the follow-up period, medical records were used to assess systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as number of medical appointments and the occurrence of deaths. Results: In the follow-up period, five participants died in the control group and none in the exercise group. The Kaplan-Meier analysis identified 29.4% lower mortality among active participants (Fisher's exact test with p = 0.044). The number of medical appointments and the values of diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower for active participants. Conclusion: After a follow-up of eight years, participants in the exercise group attended fewer medical appointments, had better blood pressure control and a lower occurrence of deaths.
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Bas, O. A., N. O. Ivasyk, O. I. Tyravska, and A. M. Hertsyk. "Analysis of physical therapy application in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (literature review)." Zaporozhye Medical Journal 23, no. 3 (2021): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2021.3.215664.

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The aim – theoretical review of the use of physical therapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The problem of restoring the health of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (GLL) is due to the increased incidence of cancer, the duration of special treatment and the development of complications and comorbidities. The main complaints are fatigue, pain, muscle weakness, decreased mobility and endurance, depression, anxiety, mood swings. Pathology of the musculoskeletal system, gastrointestinal tract and endocrine system occur with equal frequency. Today, the main expected therapeutic effect in pediatric oncology should be considered not only the clinical recovery of patients, but also their return to the previous social position in the family, school and community, the restoration of physical, psychological and social health. The problem of physical therapy of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia was studied by many scientists. According to the literature, physical exercises reduce the fatigue associated with the tumor process, improving the functional capacity of the body and increasing metabolism. There is a positive effect of exercise on muscle strength and flexibility, but there are ambiguous conclusions from different authors on the effect of exercise on cardio-respiratory function in the course of maintenance therapy in children with GLL who have cancer fatigue. Conclusions. An important area of physical therapy in oncology is the use of dosed physical activity, which, according to many researchers, increases the effectiveness of treatment. Recently, the prevailing opinion is that regular physical activity is safe and can have potential benefits for the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory and immune systems of pediatric patients with hematological diseases.
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Li, Fuzhong, K. John Fisher, Peter Harmer, and Machiko Shirai. "A Simpler Eight-Form Easy Tai Chi for Elderly Adults." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 11, no. 2 (2003): 206–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.11.2.206.

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Low-impact exercise that appeals to elderly adults and can be done almost anywhere provides both societal and individual benefits. One such program is Tai Chi, a traditional Chinese dancelike conditioning exercise. The article presents an easily adopted and adapted 8-form Tai Chi program (Easy Tai Chi) designed for older adults or individuals with mobility challenges or physical impairments. Derived from a simplified 24-form Yang-style Tai Chi, it stresses postural control and body-limb rotational movements. Easy Tai Chi can be performed either standing or sitting, depending on the physical and functional limitations of participants. Preliminary data indicate a number of health benefits of Easy Tai Chi compared with a traditional exercise program. Although subject to further empirical evaluation, Easy Tai Chi can be applied in research settings to investigate prevention or amelioration of hypokinetic diseases and in clinical settings to treat physically frail seniors or others with functional impairments of the musculoskeletal or cardiovascular system.
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Krivonogov, Vladislav A., Irina P. Yastrebtseva, Svetlana L. Arkhipova, and Lidiya Yu Deryabkina. "Factors affecting exercise tolerance in cardiac patients at the third phase of rehabilitation." Physical and rehabilitation medicine, medical rehabilitation 2, no. 2 (2020): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36425/rehab33779.

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Background. Cardiovascular diseases and their complications are the top cause of death and disability; the newly developed rehabilitation methods for these conditions have to be evaluated in terms of tolerability.
 Objective. To examine the factors affecting better exercise tolerance in cardiac patients at the third phase of rehabilitation.
 Methods. The study performed at IvGMA clinic involved 34 patients undergoing the 3rd phase of rehabilitation with a diagnosis of coronary heart disease: 5 (14%) with acute Q myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation, 3 (9%) without ST segment elevation, 3 (9%) non-Q wave myocardial infarction, 23 (68%) unstable angina pectoris. The age of patients was 4976 years (average 59.47 6.08 years), of which 23 were men and 11 women. Each patient underwent a complete clinical and functional examination to assess the anthropometric data, functional indicators of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, mental functions, and posturography. The rehab course lasted 15 days and included exercise therapy, gym machine training according to an individually designed program, and dosed walking.
 Results. Based on the results of exercise tolerance tests, we formed two case groups: patients of group 1 (n = 14) showed an improvement in the functional class of chronic heart failure according to 6-minute walking test; patients of group 2 (n = 20) showed only insignificant dynamics. Comparison of clinical and functional indicators between the 2 groups revealed that patients of group 1 had more pronounced anxiety and depressive symptoms, and a better preserved function of the respiratory system. A correlation analysis of the total sample of patients detected a correlation relationship between exercise tolerance and functions of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, anthropometric data, and stabilogram indicators.
 Conclusions. A better exercise tolerance in patients with heart problems was associated with better baseline functions of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, a lower body mass index, and the optimal dose of statins taken. The exercise tolerance increased in parallel with improvement of stabilogram indicators, which suggests a positive effect of targeted individual training of the equilibrium function to improve the functional result of the cardiac rehabilitation process.
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Orchard, John W., Willem Meeuwisse, Wayne Derman, et al. "Sport Medicine Diagnostic Coding System (SMDCS) and the Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS): revised 2020 consensus versions." British Journal of Sports Medicine 54, no. 7 (2020): 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-101921.

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Coding in sports medicine generally uses sports-specific coding systems rather than the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), because of superior applicability to the profile of injury and illness presentations in sport. New categories for coding were agreed on in the ‘International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement: Methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sports 2020.’ We explain the process for determining the new categories and update both the Sport Medicine Diagnostic Coding System (SMDCS) and the Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS) with new versions that operationalise the new consensus categories. The author group included members from an expert group attending the IOC consensus conference. The primary authors of the SMDCS (WM) and OSIICS (JO) produced new versions that were then agreed on by the remaining authors using expert consensus methodology. The SMDCS and OSIICS systems have been adjusted and confirmed through a consensus process to align with the IOC consensus statement to facilitate translation between the two systems. Problematic areas for defining body part categories included the groin and ankle regions. For illness codes, in contrast to the ICD, we elected to have a taxonomy of ‘organ system/region’ (eg, cardiovascular and respiratory), followed by an ‘aetiology/pathology’ (eg, environmental, infectious disease and allergy). Companion data files have been produced that provide translations between the coding systems. The similar structure of coding underpinning the OSIICS and SMDCS systems aligns the new versions of these systems with the IOC consensus statement and also facilitates easier translation between the two systems. These coding systems are freely available to the sport and exercise research community.
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Savel'eva, L. V. "Sovremennaya kontseptsiya lecheniya ozhireniya." Obesity and metabolism 8, no. 1 (2011): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/2071-8713-5191.

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Obesity is an unsolved problem of modern society, furthermore it is one of the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cancer, pathology of musculoskeletal and digestive systems, reproductive disfunction both for women and for men. It is known that treatment any chronic disease is rather complicated, not only for doctors but also for the patient, because it requires from the patient a careful self-control and substantial changes in lifestyle. In modern clinical practice, various methods of treatment of obesity are used: diet therapy, exercise therapy, physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy and surgery. Modern methods of treatments of obesity are reviewed in this article
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Schwartz, Michal. "Macrophages and Microglia in Central Nervous System Injury: Are They Helpful or Harmful?" Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 23, no. 4 (2003): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wcb.0000061881.75234.5e.

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Inflammation has been widely perceived as participating in the etiology of acute and chronic neurodegenerative conditions. Accordingly, in the context of traumatic injuries or chronic neurodegenerative diseases in the central nervous system (CNS), activated microglia have been viewed as detrimental and attempts have been made to treat both conditions by antiinflammatory therapy. Recent studies have suggested that microglia act as stand-by cells in the service of both the immune and the nervous systems. In the healthy CNS these cells are quiescent, but in the event of injury to axons or cell bodies they exercise their neural function by buffering harmful self-compounds and clearing debris from the damaged site, and their immune function by providing immune-related requirements for recovery. Proper regulation of the inflammatory (autoimmune) response to injury will arrest degeneration and promote regrowth, whereas inappropriate regulation will lead to ongoing degeneration. Regulation is achieved by the operation of a T cell–mediated response directed to abundant self-antigens residing in the damaged site. Since this immune-dependent mechanism was found to protect against glutamate toxicity (a major factor in neurodegenerative disorders), boosting of this response might constitute the basis for development of a therapeutic vaccination against neurodegenerative diseases, all of which exhibit similar pathways and patterns of progression.
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Chechelnitskaya, S. M., A. V. Baerbach, D. V. Zhuk, V. A. Nikulin, A. G. Rumyantsev, and Yu V. Saraikin. "PERSONALIZED PHYSICAL REHABILITATION OF CHILDREN WITH CANCER." Pediatria. Journal named after G.N. Speransky 100, no. 3 (2021): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.24110/0031-403x-2021-100-3-61-69.

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The aim of the research is to study the feasibility and effectiveness of partner medicine programs conducted in full-time and part-time mode in rehabilitation of children with cancer. Materials and methods of research: the article presents a program of physical rehabilitation of children treated for oncological diseases (OD), developed at the Russkoe Pole Medical and Rehabilitation Scientific Center, based on the personal approach and partnerships between the child's family and specialists. The personal approach is based on data of instrumental examination of the actual physical condition of the child and the predicted risks of late toxic complications: somatometry, assessment of energy costs and exercise tolerance, Biomechanical examination of the locomotor apparatus, functional diagnostics of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Based on the results, a personal physical rehabilitation program was developed. The process of physical rehabilitation was carried out in a cyclic mode: a hospital period for examination, development of a personal program and implementation training (2 weeks), an inter-hospital period of independent studies with remote support of a doctor and exercise therapy methodologists (from 6 to 12 months). The effectiveness of the developed model was assessed according to three criteria: satisfaction of parents with participation in the program (questionnaire), adherence to recommended physical activity (questionnaire), and assessment of basic mobility (Terrenkur test). The rehabilitation protocol was tested in 135 children aged 6–18 years with hemoblastosis, brain tumors, solid tumors, malignant tumors of bones and skeletal muscles: 61 boys (45,2%) and 74 girls (54,8%). The average age of the participants was 12,6±3,4 years. Results: participation in the program increased parents' confidence in their own ability to help their child with physical exercises at home and formed their willingness to continue the course at home. After discharge, 76% of families followed the recommendations for at least 2 months, 46% additionally applied to recommended organizations for adaptive exercise. Within a period of three months, all families who continue to practice independently have sought advice from exercise therapy methodologists. For three months of home exercises all children adhering to the recommendations have demonstrated an increase in basic mobility. Conclusion: the study confirmed the advisability and desirability for parents of patients to partner with a team of specialists.
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Makarchuk, P. A., E. Yu Lomakina, and E. A. Belousova. "Ustekinumab in patients with Crohn’s disease with extraintestinal manifestations (psoriasis)." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 15 (October 22, 2020): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2020-15-121-126.

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Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are severe immune-mediated diseases. Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) significantly increase the burden to the patient. The most common extraintestinal manifestations include erythema nodosum, ankylosing spondylitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Some of the extraintestinal manifestations depend on the activity of the inflammatory process in the intestine and can be reversed during treatment of IBD, while the others require specific therapy, since it does not depend on the degree of inflammation in the intestine. Patients with IBD are at increased risk of developing complications caused by other organ systems, such as osteoporosis, venous thromboembolism, and cardiovascular diseases. Immunemediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis and psoriasis have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease, but these conditions can also be complications of IBD therapy. In this regard, patients and healthcare providers should exercise vigilance in identifying extraintestinal manifestations and complications of IBD, and the therapy should be aimed both at treating the underlying disease and reversing extraintestinal manifestations as much as possible. Interleukin-12/23 is an important cytokine in the inflammatory process development in the immune-mediated diseases. Ustekinumab is effective in treating not only IBD, but also psoriasis by blocking interleukin 12/23. The drug shows a higher survival index of the therapy as compared to tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors. The article describes the experience of using ustekinumab in severe concomitant pathology – Crohn’s disease in the form of ileocolitis and psoriasis vulgaris with initial manifestations of psoriatic arthritis against ineffectiveness of tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cardiovascular system – Diseases – Exercise therapy"

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Loke, Wai Mun. "Cardiovascular protective effects of dietary polyphenols." University of Western Australia. School of Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0051.

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Polyphenols are naturally-occurring phytochemicals, which form an integral part of the human diet. Results from epidemiological studies have associated polyphenol intake with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. Previous human intervention studies suggested that dietary polyphenols exert their cardioprotective effects through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. While most in vitro experiments have not accounted for the bioavailability and metabolism of these polyphenols, our work has provided direct evidence, using quercetin, that metabolic transformation, together with bioavailability, exert profound effects on bioactivity. We examined the effect of quercetin and its major metabolites on the production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids by human leukocytes. Studies comparing free radical scavenging, antioxidant activity and eicosanoid production demonstrate that there are different structural requirements for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. We also investigated the effect of metabolic transformation on flavonoid bioactivity by comparing the activity of quercetin and its major metabolites to inhibit inflammatory eicosanoid production from human leukocytes. Quercetin was a potent inhibitor of leukotriene B4 formation in leukocytes (IC50 ~ 2µM), and its activity was dependent on specific structural features, particularly the 2,3 double bond of the C ring. Functionalisation of the 3'-OH group with either methyl or sulfate reduced inhibitory activity up to 50% while a glucuronide substituent at the 3-OH effectively removed the leukotriene B4 inhibitory activity. The major quercetin metabolite quercetin-3'-O-sulfate retained considerable lipoxygenase inhibitory activity (IC50 ~ 7 µM) while quercetin-3-O-glucuronide maintained antioxidant activity but had no lipoxygenase inhibitory activity at physiologically relevant concentrations. We conclude that structural modification of quercetin due to metabolic transformation had a profound effect on bioactivity, and that the structural features required for antioxidant activity of 8 quercetin and related flavonoids were unrelated to those required for inhibition of inflammatory eicosanoids.
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Moorhead, Pamela K. (Pamela Kay). "The Comparison of Mandatory and Voluntary Compliance to Diet and Exercise Regimens Among Cardiovascular High Risk Seminary Theological Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500396/.

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This study evaluated a mandatory fitness assessment and counseling program designed to reduce coronary risk factors related to diet and exercise. The study was conducted at a southwestern graduate level theological institution. There were 19 mandatory and 22 voluntary participants. Each subject initially had either high blood pressure, high percentage body fat, or high total cholesterol. Significant changes were made within both groups regarding body fat percentage and diastolic blood pressure. Total cholesterol levels decreased for the voluntary group only. The mandatory group significantly improved their exercise level, yet still showed a significantly less positive attitude towards exercise. Overall, the fitness assessment and counseling was somewhat beneficial for both the mandatory and voluntary groups.
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林文健 and Man-kin Lam. "A cross-sectional study of leisure-time physical activity prevalence and its association with cardiovascular biochemical risk factors inHong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970631.

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Ng, Fook-hong, and 吳福康. "Management of adverse gastrointestinal events in patients with anti-platelet therapy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41290963.

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Ting, Kuei-fu Lily. "Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and its effects on lipoprotein metabolism, oxidation and bone related biochemcialvariables." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31241062.

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Wang, Xin, and 王昕. "Physical activity and cardiovascular disease mortality, morbidity and all-cause mortality in Chinese elderly people." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41508257.

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Leboeuf, Charlotte. "Potential predictors and outcomes of physical activity : comparisons between physically active and inactive adolescent boys." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MPM/09mpml447.pdf.

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Figaji, Tamara Ann. "Impact of a lifestyle physical activity intervention on school going children's physical activity participation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6968_1297753030.

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<p>Associated with physical inactivity and obesity are numerous other health risks which have become a major health concern. A steady decrease in the levels of physical activity during childhood and adolescents have been noted in various parts of the world. The picture of low physical activity levels in developed countries is no different in developing countries. Children spend the majority of their day at school therefore a school setting is ideal to conduct physical activity intervention studies The primary aim of this study was to measure the effect of an intervention programme on the physical activity participation levels among school going children and adolescents. The study was carried out at an urban independent Catholic school. The sample, which was conveniently selected, which included 100 learners from grade 5 to 7 with parental consent. A quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design was used in this study. Baseline data included levels of physical activity participation, Body Mass Index (BMI), hip-waist ratio, and socio-demographic variables. Physical activity was assessed with the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents. The Promoting Lifestyle activity for Youth (PLAY) programme was implemented at the school. This process-oriented programme shifts the focus from fitness toward regular participation in daily physical activity, and it is not intended to replace a comprehensive physical education programme.</p>
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Strath, Scott J. "The effect of a light-moderate versus hard exercise intensity on health and fitness benefits." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115726.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a light-moderate versus hard exercise intensity on health and fitness benefits in a previously sedentary population. Twenty-six subjects, 17 male (mean age 45 + 3 yrs), 9 female (mean age 48 + 3 yrs) with at least one coronary artery disease risk factor volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects underwent laboratory testing comprising of, resting heart rate and blood pressure, body composition, blood lipid analysis and aerobic capacity (V02 ), prior to and 22-32 weeks after participating > 2 days per week in the Adult Physical Fitness Program (APFP) at Ball State University. After an initial exercise prescription subjects self selected an exercise intensity between 40-80% of their maximal heart rate range (MHRR) at which to train. Subjects were then grouped into those who trained at < 60% (light-moderate) and those who trained at > 60% (hard) of their MHRR.Those that self selected a hard training intensity did show a significantly greater decrease in diastolic blood pressure than the light-moderate intensity group. Subjects received a main training effect with a mean decrease in systolic blood pressure (123 ± 2.8 to 119 ± 2.4 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (78 ± 2.2 to 75 ± 1.7 mmHg), and mean increases for HDL-cholesterol (49 ± 2.5 to 53 ± 2.8 mg/dL), absolute functional capacity (2.676 +.162 to 2.843 +.169 L/min) and relative functional capacity (30.2 ± 1.5 to 32.8 + 1.8 ml/kg/min). In conclusion this study demonstrated health and fitness benefits when training at least 2 days per week with greater effects when training at a hard versus light-moderate intensity with regards to diastolic blood pressure.<br>School of Physical Education
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Ferreira, Janaina Barcellos. "Treinamento da musculatura ventilatória combinado com treinamento aeróbio: efeitos sobre a pressão arterial, capacidade funcional, função endotelial e controle autonômico cardiovascular em pacientes hipertensos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-11052017-131225/.

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Introdução O desequilíbrio do sistema nervoso simpático e parassimpático, caracterizado por hiperatividade simpática e redução da atividade parassimpática cardíacas, tem sido associado diretamente com os mecanismos de desenvolvimento de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS). Este desequilíbrio influencia diretamente outros fatores fisiopatogênicos presentes na doença como, por exemplo, disfunção endotelial e remodelamento vascular. O treinamento muscular inspiratório e o treinamento aeróbio demonstram efeitos satisfatórios no tratamento de doenças cardiovasculares, inclusive na HAS. Contudo, não há relatos na literatura sobre a comparação da magnitude dos benefícios de cada uma destas intervenções, tampouco há dados que demonstrem os efeitos da combinação das duas modalidades na HAS. Objetivo Desta forma, com este trabalho, buscamos avaliar os efeitos do treinamento muscular inspiratório e do treinamento aeróbio isoladamente e de maneira combinada sobre: a pressão arterial sistêmica, a capacidade funcional, a função endotelial, o controle autonômico cardiovascular em pacientes com HAS primária. Metodologia Desenvolvemos um ensaio clinico randomizado cego, com a participação de indivíduos com diagnóstico clínico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica primária, a fim de analisar os efeitos de três programas de treinamento, executados por um período de 12 semanas: treinamento muscular inspiratório (TMI: 7 dias por semana, 30 min por dia, com carga de 30%PIMAX), treinamento aeróbio (TA: 2 dias por semana, 1 hora por dia, a 70%FCmáx) e treinamento combinado (TMI+TA: 7 dias por semana divididos em 2 dias de TA e 5 dias de TMI, seguindo as mesmas cargas aplicadas nos grupos isolados). Para avaliação dos objetivos propostos, realizamos, antes e após as intervenções: monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA) por 24 horas, teste de esforço (ergoespirometria), aquisição dos sinais de pressão arterial (Finometer®) e eletrocardiograma (PowerLab®) de maneira não invasiva, microneuromiografia do nervo peroneo, avaliação da função endotelial através de vasodilatação mediada por fluxo, manovacuometria e aplicação de questionário de qualidade de vida (SF36). Resultados 43 pacientes hipertensos foram randomizados para participação em um dos quatro grupos (TMI, TA, TMI+TA e Controle). 28 pacientes finalizaram o estudo (7 em cada grupo) que teve como principais resultados: redução da pressão sistólica total, de vigília e do sono nos grupos TMI (deltaPAST: -7,85 ± 7,6; deltaPASV: -8,28 ± 9,26; deltaPASS: -5,85 ± 7,1 mmHg) e TMI+TA (?PAST: -6,42 ± 4,42; deltaPASV: -6 ±2 ,76; deltaPASS: -11,42 ± 10,14 mmHg), redução da pressão arterial diastólica total, de vigília e do sono no grupo TMI+TA (deltaPADT: -5,85 ± 3,57; deltaPADV: -5,42 ± 4,72; deltaPADS: -5,85 ± 6,14 mmHg) e redução da pressão diastólica do sono no grupo TMI (deltaPADS: -5,14 ± 5,01 mmHg). Melhora da capacidade funcional, com aumento do VO2MÁX em todos os grupos intervenção (deltaVO2MÁX TMI: 2,11 ± 0,96; TA: 3,31 ± 2,01; TMI+TA: 3.55 ± 2.96 l/min-1) e redução do VE/VCO2slope nos grupos TA (deltaVE/VCO2slope: -1.02 ± 1.31) e TMI+TA (deltaVE/VCO2slope: -2,17 ± 1,49). Além disso, o grupo TMI apresentou redução da modulação simpática cardíaca (BFabs: 241,32 ± 246,74 vs 166.19 ± 178.25) e melhora do balanço simpatovagal (BF/AF: 3.25 ± 2.23 vs 1.33 ± 1.45) após 12 semanas de protocolo. Obervamos ainda, que os três grupos intervenção apresentaram redução da atividade nervosa simpática muscular (deltaANSM TMI: -11,25 ± 13,43; TA: -4,53 ± 2,99; TMI+TA: -6,52 ± 2,05 bursts/min) e melhora da força muscular inspiratória (deltaPIMAX TMI: -35,27 ± 24,06; TA: -17,57 ± 7,25; TMI+TA: -55,28 ± 20,25 cmH2O) e expiratória (deltaPEMAX TMI: 22,04 ± 12,95; TA: 19,28 ± 5,93; TMI+TA: 42,85 ± 15,53 cmH2O) após 12 semanas. Contudo, não observamos alterações na função endotelial ou na qualidade de vida dos participantes após o estudo. Conclusão As três modalidades de treinamento apresentam benefícios no tratamento de pacientes portadores de hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Observamos que os efeitos apresentados através da prática de TMI foram semelhantes àqueles apresentados a partir da prática de TA sobre alguns componentes fisiopatogênicos da HAS e que a prática combinada das duas modalidades agrega em benefícios os efeitos encontrados com a prática isolada. Assim, acreditamos que o TMI é uma alternativa interessante de tratamento ao TA, e que a prática combinada pode ser incentivada nesta população<br>Introduction Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system imbalance, characterized by sympathetic hyperactivity and reduction of cardiac parasympathetic activity, has been directly associated with the mechanisms of systemic arterial hypertension development. This imbalance influences directly other pathophysiological factors of the disease, such as endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling. Inspiratory muscle training and aerobic training demonstrate satisfactory effects in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. However, there are no reports in the literature comparing the magnitude of the benefits of each one of these interventions, nor any data demonstrating the effects of the combination of both modalities. Objective In this work, we aimed to evaluate the effects of inspiratory muscle training and aerobic training separately and combined on: blood pressure, functional capacity, endothelial function, and cardiovascular autonomic control in patients with primary hypertension. Methods: We performed a randomized blinded clinical trial including individuals with clinical diagnosis of primary arterial hypertension in order to analyze the effects of three training programs performed over a 12-week period: inspiratory muscle training (IMT: 7 days 30 minutes per day, with 30% PIMAX load), aerobic training (AT: 2 days per week, 1 hour per day, 70% HRmax) and combined training (IMT + AT: 7 days per week divided into 2 days of AT and 5 days of IMT, following the same load applied in the isolated groups). To evaluate the proposed objectives, we performed the following evaluations, before and after the interventions: 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), exercise test (ergospirometry), noninvasive acquisition of blood pressure signals (Finometer®) and electrocardiogram (PowerLab®), peroneal nerve microneuromyography, evaluation of endothelial function through flow-mediated vasodilation, manovacuometry and application of quality of life questionnaire (SF36). Results 43 hypertensive patients were randomized to participate in one of four groups (IMT, TA, IMT + TA and Control). 28 patients completed the study (7 in each group), with the following results: reduction of systolic blood pressure during 24 hours (SBPT), awake (SBPW) and sleep (SBPS) periods in IMT(deltaSBPT: -7,85 ± 7,6; deltaSBPW: -8,28 ± 9,26; deltaSBPS: -5,85 ± 7,1 mmHg) and IMT+AT groups (deltaSBPT: -6,42 ± 4,42; deltaSBPW: -6 ± 2,76; deltaSBPS: -11,42 ± 10,14 mmHg); reduction of diastolic blood pressure during total (DBPT), awake (DBTW) and sleep (DBPS) periods in IMT+AT group (deltaDBPT: -5.85 v± 3.57; deltaDBTW: -5.42 ± 4.72; deltaDBPS: -5.85±6.14 mmHg) and reduction of diastolic sleep pressure in IMT group (deltaDBPS: -5.14 ± 5.01 mmHg). It was also observed improvement of functional capacity, with increase of VO2MAX in all intervention groups (deltaVO2MAX IMT: 2.11 ± 0.96, AT: 3.31 ± 2.01, IMT+AT: 3.55 ± 2.96 l / min-1) and reduction of VE/VCO2slope in AT (deltaVE/VCO2slope: -1.02 ± 1.31) and IMT+AT groups (deltaVE/VCO2slope: -2.17 ± 1.49). In addition, the IMT group presented reduction of sympathetic cardiac modulation (LFabs: 241.32 ± 246.74 vs 166.19 ± 178.25) and improvement of the sympathovagal balance (LF/HF: 3.25 ± 2.23 vs 1.33 ± 1.45) after 12 weeks of protocol. We also observed that the three intervention groups presented reduction of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (deltaMSNA: IMT: -11.25 ± 13.43, TA: -4.53 ± 2.99, IMT+AT: -6.52 ± 2,05 bursts/min) and improvement of inspiratory muscle strength (deltaPIMAX IMT: -35.27 ± 24.06, AT: -17.57 ± 7.25, IMT+AT: -55.28 ± 20.25 cmH2O), and (deltaPEMAX IMT: 22.04 ± 12.95, AT: 19.28 ± 5.93, IMT+AT: 42.85 ± 15.53 cmH2O) after 12 weeks. However, we did not observe changes on endothelial function or quality of life of participants after the study. Conclusion The three training modalities present benefits in the treatment of patients with systemic arterial hypertension. We observed that the effects presented through the practice of IMT were similar to those presented from the practice of AT on some physiopathology components of hypertension and the combination of the two modalities adds some benefits in the effects found with the isolated practice. Thus, we believe that IMT is an interesting alternative to AT, and that the combined practice can be encouraged in this population
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Books on the topic "Cardiovascular system – Diseases – Exercise therapy"

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Maria, Cancela Carral Jose, and Varela Martinez Silvia, eds. Aerobic exercise in special populations. Nova Science, 2009.

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Stroke: Your complete exercise guide. Human Kinetics Publishers, 1993.

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MSc, Holmes Jane MCSP, and Mapp Gareth, eds. Exercise on prescription: Cardiovascular activity for health. Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999.

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Physical activity and cardiovascular disease prevention. Jones and Bartlett, 2010.

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Qichang, Lai, ed. Xue guan lao hua, dang ran hui zhong feng. Cai shi wen hua shi ye you xian gong si, 2013.

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NIH Consensus Development Conference on Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health (1995). NIH Consensus Development Conference on Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health: NIH Consensus Development Conference December 18-20, 1995. National Institutes of Health, Continuing Medical Education, 1995.

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NIH Consensus Development Conference on Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health (1995). NIH Consensus Development Conference on Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health: NIH Consensus Development Conference, December 18-20, 1995, Natcher Conference Center, National Institutes of Health. National Institutes of Health, Continuing Medical Education, 1995.

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Gordon, Neil F. Derrame cerebral: Guía completa de ejercicios para prevención y rehabilitación. Editorial Voluntad, 1994.

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Goldberg, Nieca. Women are not small men: Life-saving strategies for preventing and healing heart disease in women. Ballantine Books, 2002.

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Women are not small men: Life-saving strategies for preventing and healing heart disease in women. Ballantine Pub. Group, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Cardiovascular system – Diseases – Exercise therapy"

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Green, Jacob, and Ori S. Better. "The Effects of Jaundice and Cholemia on Kidney Function and The Cardiovascular System." In Suki and Massry’s THERAPY OF RENAL DISEASES AND RELATED DISORDERS. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6632-5_34.

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Moise, Alexander R., Ângela M. S. Costa, Murilo Carvalho, Ana P. Azambuja, José Xavier-Neto, and Hozana A. Castillo. "Development of the Coronary System: Perspectives for Cell Therapy From Precursor Differentiation." In Endothelium and Cardiovascular Diseases. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-812348-5.00002-7.

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"Exercise and Renin Angiotensin System." In New Aspects of the Renin Angiotensin System in Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases, edited by Tatiana Sousa Cunha, Kleiton Augusto Santos Silva, Andrea Sanches, et al. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681083131116010017.

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S. Shaw, Brandon, Gregory A. Brown, and Ina Shaw. "Importance of Resistance Training in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease Risk." In Cardiovascular Risk Factors [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99710.

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Contrary to the longstanding taboo of resistance training (RT) as a therapeutic treatment, RT has been gaining importance as a safe therapeutic option in the management of numerous diseases. Although exercise has well-documented health benefits on cardiovascular disease (CVD), the benefit of RT on CVD risk factors is not yet as widely prescribed as other modes of exercise. Due to its efficacy in the management of CVD, RT should be regarded as a complementary therapeutic treatment rather than a substitute to other modes of exercise therapy. While it is clear that RT can result in an attenuation of CVD risk, the various RT design options related to intensity and volume and how they impact on CVD risk, especially in different populations (i.e. children, elderly, women) is not yet well documented. This chapter will discuss the physiological phenomenon and benefits of RT as a therapeutic intervention aiming to manage CVD risk.
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Mazzanti, Andrea, Riccardo Maragna, and Silvia G. Priori. "Monogenic and oligogenic cardiovascular diseases: genetics of arrhythmias—long QT syndrome." In ESC CardioMed. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0149_update_001.

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Long QT syndrome(s) (LQTS) includes a group of inherited arrhythmogenic disorders characterized by a prolonged cardiac repolarization that predisposes to the development of life-threatening arrhythmias, typically in conditions of adrenergic activation (exercise, emotions). LQTS can show both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive transmission with variable penetrance. Several genes have been causally linked to the disease phenotype, all coding for ion channel proteins and their regulatory partners that control cardiac action potentials duration. To date, 17 genes have been identified. Still, the first three genotypes discovered in the early nineties (LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3) account for the large majority of mutation-positive cases (approximately 80–90%). Genotype-negative LQTS subjects still represent an area of investigation: large duplications and deletions, undetectable to standard screening methodologies and, more recently, polygenic inheritance and the role of modifiers are emerging as possible players for (apparently) genotype-negative LQTSx1. Knowing the genotype of a LQTS patient can provide a relevant contribution for the clinical management by supporting the diagnostic process, the risk stratification, and the choice of therapy.
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"Respiratory and cardiovascular systems." In Oxford Handbook of Medical Sciences, edited by Robert Wilkins, Ian Megson, and David Meredith. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198789895.003.0006.

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‘Respiratory and cardiovascular systems’ begins with the anatomy of the thoracic cavity, including the lungs, skeletal tissue, and soft tissue, before consideration of the two main physiological components of the thorax: the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems. The main structures of the pulmonary system are discussed (pleura and pleural cavities, the upper and lower airways), together with respiratory mechanics, the principles of gaseous exchange and gas transport in the blood, the relationships between ventilation and perfusion, and the regulation of breathing. Major respiratory conditions and diseases are also covered, such as cystic fibrosis, pulmonary embolism, asthma, and the effect of altitude. The cardiovascular system topics includes blood physiology (haematology and haemostasis) and the heart in terms of anatomy, its function as a pump, and the nature of the heart as an electrical tissue (the electrocardiogram). The function of the heart is discussed, including during exercise and in diseases such as heart failure and hypertension.
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Schwartz, Peter J., and Lia Crotti. "Monogenic and oligogenic cardiovascular diseases: genetics of arrhythmias—catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia." In ESC CardioMed. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0152_update_001.

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Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a rare inherited disorder associated with syncope and sudden death manifesting in the young during sympathetic activation. The electrocardiogram is normal and the heart is structurally normal. The diagnosis is usually made with an exercise stress test that shows a typical pattern of onset and offset of adrenergically induced ventricular arrhythmias. Molecular screening of RyR2, the major CPVT gene, is recommended whenever the suspicion of CPVT is high. If a disease-causing mutation is identified, cascade screening allows pre-symptomatic diagnosis among family members. All affected subjects should be treated with beta blockers (nadolol or propranolol). Preliminary data support the association of beta blockers with flecainide. After a cardiac arrest, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) should be implanted, but it is accompanied by a disquietingly high incidence of adverse effects. After syncope on beta blocker therapy, left cardiac sympathetic denervation is most effective, preserves quality of life, and does not preclude a subsequent ICD implantation.
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Mazzanti, Andrea, Riccardo Maragna, and Silvia G. Priori. "Monogenic and oligogenic cardiovascular diseases: genetics of arrhythmias—long QT syndrome." In ESC CardioMed. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0149.

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Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a collective term used for a group of inherited arrhythmogenic disorders characterized by a prolonged cardiac action potential duration that predisposes affected individuals to the development of life-threatening arrhythmias, especially during phases of adrenergic activation (exercise, emotions). From the genetic standpoint, LQTS is mainly transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, caused by point mutations in genes coding for protein channels that regulate the duration of cardiac action potentials. To date, 17 genes have been associated with LQTS, but the first three genotypes discovered (LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3) account for the majority of genotype-positive cases. LQT1 and LQT2 (75% of LQTS cases) are caused by loss-of-function mutations in genes (KCNQ1 and KCNH2) coding for potassium channels (I<sub>Ks</sub> and I<sub>Kr</sub>) involved in the repolarization phase of cardiomyocytes, while LQT3 is caused by gain-of-function mutations affecting the gene SCN5A coding for the Na<sub>v</sub>1.5 sodium channel, which is the major determinant of depolarization of cardiomyocytes. Genetic testing has a great potential for the management of patients with LQTS and may contribute to better define the diagnosis, the risk stratification, and the choice of therapy.
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Jordaan, Adele, Mariette Swanepoel, Yvonne Paul, and Terry Jeremy Ellapen. "The Interprofessional Clinical and Therapeutic Team Strategy to Manage Spinal Cord Injuries." In Therapy Approaches in Neurological Disorders. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94850.

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A popular comorbidity of spinal cord injuries is physical deconditioning that frequently prejudice the person to increased risk for secondary non-communicable diseases, such as non-dependent insulin diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, cardiorespiratory diseases, obesity, osteoporosis, arthritis and osteoarthritis. Clinical literature has shown that spinal cord injured individuals have a poor cardiometabolic risk profile that amplifies the likelihood of secondary non-communicable diseases. Components of physical deconditioning include muscle atrophy, decreased aerobic capacity, inflexibility and diminished muscle and endurance. Another problem associated with spinal cord injuries is reliance or dependence on others. The combination of poor physical conditioning and dependence on others often adversely impacts on the individual’s quality of life, limiting their social interaction with others. The adherence to habitual physical activity and exercises has shown to increase conditioning status, improve health and wellbeing, increase independence, and improve confidence and self-image and successful re-integration in community. Therefore it is of paramount importance to increase awareness of the benefits of habitual physical activity and exercise to spinal cord injured patients, medical and clinical practitioners, family and friends. This chapter intends to highlight the health benefits of habitual physical activity in relation to selected secondary non-communicable diseases, and, the importance of interprofessional clinical and therapeutic team strategy to improve the spinal cord injured individuals’ quality of life.
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Chaouat, Ari, Anne Guillaumot, Emmanuel Gomez, Olivier Huttin, Christine Selton-Suty, and François Chabot. "Pulmonary hypertension due to chronic lung diseases." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Marc Humbert. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0598.

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Mild-to-moderate pulmonary hypertension is a common complication of chronic lung diseases. Very few patients have severe pulmonary hypertension; if that is the case, it may be due to co-morbidities or correspond to a particular phenotype. Although pulmonary hypertension has little or no involvement in exercise limitation, it is an independent prognostic factor for survival. The first stage of diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in chronic lung disease is to establish a level of high, intermediate, or low probability using Doppler echocardiography according to the European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society Guidelines. To determine the cause of pulmonary hypertension, it may be necessary to perform a comprehensive search for the most frequent respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. There are few, but important, indications for right heart catheterization in chronic lung diseases. The main indications are candidates for lung transplantation, suspicion of pulmonary arterial hypertension or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and when pulmonary haemodynamics are likely to have significant therapeutic implications. The underlying respiratory disease or associations of diseases should be treated according to current guidelines before concluding that a patient has severe pulmonary hypertension. Non-invasive ventilation and long-term oxygen therapy in hypercapnic and hypoxaemic patients, respectively, improve pulmonary haemodynamics. With the exception of cardiovascular co-morbidities, pharmacotherapies for high blood pressure and for left heart diseases are not recommended to treat pulmonary hypertension due to chronic lung diseases. Pulmonary arterial hypertension-approved therapies are not recommended in pulmonary hypertension due to chronic lung diseases.
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Conference papers on the topic "Cardiovascular system – Diseases – Exercise therapy"

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Chtchoupak, Oleg S., Boris N. Shpilevoj, and Natlia L. Zapaeva. "Laser-based optoelectronic system for therapy by medical treatment of cardiovascular diseases." In BiOS Europe '95, edited by Stefan Andersson-Engels, Mario Corti, Ivan Kertesz, et al. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.229526.

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Chtchoupak, Oleg S., Boris N. Spilevoi, and Natlia L. Zapaeva. "Laser-based optoelectronic system for therapy by medical treatment of cardiovascular diseases." In Photonics West '96, edited by Kurt J. Linden and Prasad R. Akkapeddi. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.237643.

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Liang, Fuyou, Shu Takagi, and Hao Liu. "0–1-D Multi-Scale Modeling and Numerical Simulation of the Human Cardiovascular System." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206437.

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Arterial pulse has been recognized from antiquity as the most fundamental sign of life. In clinical practice, cardiovascular diseases are often diagnosed and the effects of therapy monitored and evaluated on the basis of interpretation of arterial pulse characteristics. However, the precise components of arterial pulse that best predict the risk of cardiovascular diseases yet remain a subject of considerable debate.
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Dahmen, Christian, Tim Wortmann, and Sergej Fatikow. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Magnetic Particles for Targeted Drug Delivery." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13149.

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Recently there have been initial investigations towards magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided actuation and control of untethered devices inside the human cardiovascular system. This form of therapy has the potential to revolutionize today’s treatment of cancer and other diseases by providing an accuracy of targeted drug application far beyond conventional approaches. Additionally it is based on standard MRI hardware and does not require any special or tailored hardware. In this article, we present recent work that is focused on visual feedback for the position control of untethered magnetic devices in the MRI. For reliable recognition and tracking, a thorough understanding of the impact of magnetic material on the process of MRI image acquisition is required. A simulation of the image formation process has been implemented. Additionally, initial experimental results of MRI artifact imaging are presented.
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