Relevant bibliographies by topics / Care leavers

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Care leavers'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Care leavers"

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Strahl, Benjamin, and Severine Thomas. "Care Leavers." unsere jugend 65, no. 1 (2012): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2378/uj2013.art01d.

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Hollingsworth, Kathryn. "Securing responsibility, achieving parity? The legal support for children leaving custody." Legal Studies 33, no. 1 (March 2013): 22–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2012.00233.x.

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This paper examines the legal support available to incarcerated children when they leave custody. It argues that the current support provided to custody-leavers – which includes both ‘resettlement’ (provided by youth justice agencies) and duties owed to some custody-leavers under Pt III of the Children Act 1989 – may achieve criminal justice aims (such as preventing re-offending) but does not adequately protect the status and rights that all custody-leavers have qua child. When the child leaves custody her primary status is child, not offender, and therefore it is argued here that she should be entitled to the same legal rights as analogous groups of children; namely, care-leavers. It is suggested that the reason why care-leavers and custody-leavers are comparable groups to whom parity in legal rights should be accorded is because the four types of responsibility that underpin the state's obligations to care-leavers (reparatory, assumed, generational and equity-based) apply equally to custody-leavers.
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Rogers, Mark. "Employing care leavers." Children and Young People Now 2022, no. 6 (June 2, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2022.6.40.

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Care-experienced young people can find looking for a job more difficult than their peers, but there are a number of measures employers can put in place to support care leavers entering the world of work
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Dow, Jon. "Duties to Care Leavers." Journal of Integrated Care 11, no. 5 (October 2003): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14769018200300046.

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Bond, Sue. "Care Leavers’ and Their Care Workers’ Views of Preparation and Aftercare Services in the Eastern Cape, South Africa." Emerging Adulthood 8, no. 1 (September 24, 2018): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696818801106.

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Emerging adulthood is an exciting time, filled with possibilities while remaining supported. However, care leavers’ journeys into adulthood are compressed and lacking educational, financial, and social support. In South Africa, this is exacerbated by contextual factors and the absence of mandated services for care leavers. A qualitative study was conducted with four Child and Youth Care Centers in a town in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Focus groups were held with young people in care and their care workers. Discussions focused on preparation for leaving care and aftercare services and the evaluation of these by each group of participants. Care leaving preparation consisted of independent living skills programs. Aftercare services were provided on an ad hoc basis, and there was no policy with respect to services to care leavers. The findings suggest that ongoing experiential learning and implementation of in-house policies may better prepare care leavers for emerging adulthood.
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Pound, Megan, and Wendy Sims-Schouten. "A systematic review of the principles of co-production in relation to the mental health and wellbeing of care leavers." International Journal of Emotional Education 14, no. 1 (June 2022): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.56300/nvfu2763.

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This paper reviews prior applications of co-production principles and their potential impact on the mental health and wellbeing of care leavers. There is minimal research available on care leaver narratives of their experiences and consequent mental health and wellbeing needs. This paper explores the relevance of different, sometimes opposed, approaches to co-production, the knowledge which can be gained about the mental health and wellbeing needs of care leavers, and finally the potential for lifelong learning through co-production with care leavers. A systematic review was selected to draw conclusions about how the method of co-production could improve awareness of and provisions for care leaver mental health and wellbeing. This review included 14 sources with a total of 541 participants. Following a rigorous systematic review on these themes, conclusions were drawn suggesting that co-production involving care experienced individuals, whilst faced with a range of considerations to ensure success, can have largely positive impacts on care leaver mental health and wellbeing and is therefore a recommended methodology.
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Lensvelt, Isabelle, Alexander Hassett, and Alicia Colbridge. "More Than Meets the Eye: How Black and Minority Ethnic Care-Leavers Construct and Make Sense of Their Identity." Adolescents 1, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/adolescents1010004.

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Looked-after children are exposed to significant developmental trauma which may impact their identity development. Discourses of vulnerability and maladaptation often surround this group, while care-leavers often self-identify as survivors. The role of culture in identity formation is also well documented, and cultural socialisation is linked to psychological adjustment and wellbeing. Despite this, little research has explored identity development in black and minority ethnic (BAME) care-leavers. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis is used to analyse eight semi-structured interviews with BAME care-leavers about their experience of identity development. Three superordinate themes were developed: My journey—how I became me; Identity as a process—the processes that support identity development; and who am I—how I see myself now. Participants’ identity development was adaptive in the context of surviving significant disruption and trauma. Findings are discussed with reference to previous research and limitations are considered. Clinical implications include the need to address additional barriers to positive self-identity faced by BAME care leavers, the importance of acknowledging care-leaver identity as adaptive and embodying a trauma-informed approach to working with this group. Further research into how care-leavers experience their cultural identity is needed.
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Mauri, Diletta, Monica Romei, and Giorgio Vergano. "Il Care Leavers Network Italia." MINORIGIUSTIZIA, no. 3 (January 2019): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mg2018-003018.

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Care, Udayan. "Care Leavers' Association and Network." Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond 5, no. 2 (September 2018): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2349301120180217.

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Nixon, Ed. "Better support for care leavers." Children and Young People Now 2022, no. 3 (March 2, 2022): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2022.3.40.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Care leavers"

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Rooney, Margaret Mary Carmel. "Care leavers' experiences of transition : a biographical narrative study of care leavers' stories in one Trust area of Northern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602794.

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The insightfulness of care leavers about their experiences of transition from care to adulthood is a powerful force for change. The leaving care legislation enhanced duties on Trusts to support and provide services for care leavers. Despite this, many young people leave care before they are ready to do so and experience poor outcomes. Yet, some do exceptionally well. Research suggests that transition from youth to adulthood is viewed as increasingly circuitous whilst transitions for care leavers tend to be accelerated and compressed. But how do care leavers themselves perceive their transitions? This study sources their accounts of their experiences. Using a qualitative approach, eight young care leavers from one Trust area in Northern Ireland were interviewed. The Biographical Narrative Interpretive Method (BNIM) was used to generate their care stories. In a supplementary interview, the care leavers constructed their biographical life-lines and self-assessed the degree of support and control they had and how they coped at key turning points in their lives. The data was analysed using BNIM. The findings show that as the care leavers experience events in their lives as they journey through their care pathway, they also experience changes in their subjectivity. These fall into three dominant phases forming a subjective pathway. It begins with 'loss of felt security', moves to 'finding stability' and culminates in 'actualising self'. The care leavers' turning points are not eureka moments associated solely with the events in their lives but are linked to changes in their subjectivity which transform in their consciousness over time. By using BNIM, hitherto an untapped methodology to uncover care leavers' experiences, access is given to their lived subjectivity. The findings reinforce the importance of underpinning policy, care practices and service provision with attachment and resilience theories and they point to the potential contribution of humanistic social psychology.
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Tilley, Alice. "Academically successful Care Leavers : what has gone right?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/academically-successful-care-leavers-what-has-gone-right(6e4a8182-f098-4dff-b6bd-a107e2a1c7c2).html.

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This research used Q methodology to explore the viewpoints of undergraduate Care Leavers (n = 10) and corporate parents (n = 20) regarding what it is that enables children who have been Looked After to achieve a university education. In addition, this study sought out the chance to explore the views of Care Leavers and corporate parents in such a way that themes emerging from each could be compared and considered in the light of future practice implications. The published literature exploring attainment in children and young people who are Looked After provides ample evidence of under-attainment and considers what might be put into place to address that trend. The role of the Social Worker in the life of any Looked After Child is detailed in statute, yet they are not the only profession who has responsibility for this vulnerable group as a Corporate Parent. The literature search carried out indicates that whilst there are a small number of studies where viewpoints of Looked After Children or Care Leavers are sought, none of the previous research has used Q methodology. A Q sort of 34 items was used to seek out the views of each participant and then these views were analysed using by-person factor analysis and varimax rotation. Factor arrays are used to provide the basis of a narrative for each factor emerging from the analysis. One factor (shared viewpoint) emerged from the Care Leavers and three factors from the corporate parents. The Care Leavers stressed the impact of being placed with the right carers, those who believed in them and the influence that a university education might have on their future. The corporate parents in Factor 1 recognised the role of carers and highlighted the role of the Social Worker and self- belief. Corporate parents in Factor 2 stressed the impact of carers, the determination to succeed and to make use of the financial support available, and minimised the influence of others especially birth family. Corporate parents represented by Factor 3 shared the viewpoint that teachers and the priority given to educational issues by everyone surrounding a child are integral to enabling a university education. In common to both the Care Leavers and the corporate parents was the central role played by carers in terms of the importance of an appropriate care placement and the belief of the carer that the child (as they were at the time) could achieve a university place. The viewpoints of the Care Leavers and the corporate parents are discussed and considered in terms of shared and divergent themes between and within the Factors. Consideration is given to what can be learned from Care Leavers who achieved a university education by those with the power and potential resource to enable the aspirations of all Looked After Children.
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Weston, Jade Louise. "Care leavers' experiences of being and becoming parents." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/13227.

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Aim: The aim of this study was to explore care leavers’ experiences of parenting. Although research has previously been carried out on this area, there is a lack of research on mature care leavers’ experiences of parenthood which this study attempts to address. It was hoped that this research might further illuminate our understanding of care leavers as parents, and highlight potential areas of clinical need and ways in which these could be addressed therapeutically. Method: This study employed a qualitative design through the use of semi-structured interviews with six care leavers who were mothers; the majority of whom were in their late 30’s to early 40’s. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to develop a rich and multi-layered account of participants’ experiences. Results: Four main themes emerged across participants’ accounts. These were: ‘Fear of the past and its impact on the future’, ‘Trying to do better’, ‘Parenting is hard but rewarding’ and ‘Connecting and disconnecting: the push and pull.’ Implications: The study highlights the importance of holding the complexity of care leavers’ experiences as parents in mind; acknowledging both their strengths and struggles. Participants’ sense-making of their parenting in relation to their pasts as well as their resources and the processes surrounding learning to parent, were discussed in light of the themes that arose and previous theoretical and research literature. Clinical implications and recommendations for future research are also discussed.
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Ndure, Mariama, and Lisa King. "A qualitative study exploring care leavers' transition experiences from care to independency." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och kriminologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30298.

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The aim of this study was to explore care leavers' experiences to independency after being discharged from public care. The study explored the services provided for young adults who have left public care and how they perceived the support provided for them during their transition and after. The study has also an interest on the care leavers' rights according to the UN Convention on the Rights of a Child. A qualitative study approach was used to collect data, due to the focus on the interpretation of the care leavers' experiences and to get in-depth information and descriptions about their experiences and perspectives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four participants who have left care. Moreover, the findings show that the participants were disadvantaged in many areas during their transition and the support received were limited. From the findings, the care leavers were lacking stability, encouragement and both emotional and adequate practical support after being discharged from care.
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Golding, Frank. "Care leavers recovering voice and agency through counter-narratives." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2021. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/177497.

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The publications in this thesis discuss recurring issues in the historical context of out-of-home Care (OOHC). They were written for various audiences but are arranged not by date of publication but thematically so as to present a coherent argument about the recovery of voice and agency by those who experienced OOHC. The thesis begins with an Overview which discusses autoethnographic and multi-layered approaches to history and shows how subject matter helps determine the choice of methodology and sources and, in turn, how methodologies influence the selection of sources and shape content. Authorities in Australia have a long history of removing children from their families when they are deemed to be neglected or ‘in moral danger’. Out of the public gaze, these children were often rendered silent, their voices simply unheard or deliberately supressed by the exercise of total institutional power. This thesis analyses how children were marginalised, cast as ‘the other’, and framed as deserving no better than they got. In the aftermath of a series of inquiries into institutional child maltreatment—some of which came about as a result of survivor advocacy and relied heavily on direct testimony—we now better understand children’s institutional experiences. In this changing environment, advocacy groups are effectively challenging the received accounts of historical Care. Their challenge has gained impetus from the opening up of records through rights legislation, especially access to personal case files. Large numbers of Care leavers have found their files inaccurate, incomplete, or misleading, and this discovery has stimulated many to produce compelling counter-narratives of the lived experiences of their childhood, and the living experiences that endure. The thesis concludes with an extended analytical commentary reflecting new interpretations of emerging histories, assessing changes in the status of Care leavers, and identifying directions warranting further development in OOHC.
Doctor of Philosophy
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Ibrahim, Rawan Wadie Zaki. "Making the transition from residential care to adulthood : The experience of Jordanian care leavers." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522244.

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Chambers, Jemma. "The experience and influence of positive relationships in care leavers." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/62931/.

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Poor long term outcomes have been documented for individuals growing up in the care system. These outcomes have been associated with early maltreatment within birth family relationships, which impinge on the individual’s development. However, supportive relationships have repeatedly been found to act as a protective factor for individuals who are in care. The aim of this study was to explore care leavers’ experiences of positive relationships and the impact that they had on the achievement of developmental needs. Rather than considering one type of relationship, the current study focused on how an individual’s developmental needs were met, possibly through multiple relationships. Eleven young people were recruited from a care-leaver service and took part in a semi-structured interview about their experience of positive relationships in the fulfilment of developmental needs. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis produced three superordinate themes from the participants’ experiences: Attachment – being able to engage with a variety of attachment figures, yet still experiencing emotional dysregulation and relationship problems from early insecure attachments; Impact of Care System – which may exacerbate attachment problems or provide a safe haven for development; and Developmental Needs – how developmental needs were met through relationships or the barriers to them. These results were discussed in relation to how the emotional and relational effects of early insecure attachment was likely to be further impacted upon through experience of the care system. The specific influence of trust and rejection appeared throughout the results and this was discussed in relation to service development and interventions focusing upon relationship needs.
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Uzzell, M. "The internal conversations and social networks of care leavers at university." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22412/.

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Individuals who have been in care are often thought of as a homogenous group who, because of past and ongoing contextual adversities, have outcomes reflecting hardship in various do mains. Aggregated outcomes may conceal the presence of individuals within this group who develop life projects and are able to put plans into action. Some manage to succeed educationally and take up places on university course. This research seeks to explore the reflexivity, internal conversations and social networks of young people who had been in care but had managed to become students at university. Five young people were interviewed using Archer’s (2003, 2007) semi-structured internal conversation inter view and then using Hartman’s (1978) ecogram to graphically represent their social network. Data was analysed using Robinson and Smith’s (2010) composite analysis, which incorporates elements of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (2015) and the Inter active Model (Miles and Huberman (1995)). The young people’s accounts showed that they were proudly independent, demonstrating considerable personal agency, but were well connected and able to access emotional and practical support in their social networks. They felt different to others and managed their difficult histories in a variety of ways. The results are considered in relationship to Archer’s theory and theories of resilience.
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Hyde-Dryden, Georgia. "Overcoming by degrees : exploring care leavers' experiences of higher education in England." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12260.

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Existing research has shown that care leavers are one of the most disadvantaged groups in society and are at particular risk of experiencing negative long-term outcomes including unemployment, homelessness and mental health problems. This thesis makes a contribution to knowledge in this area by focusing upon a group of care leavers about whom very little is currently known: care leavers in higher education. These are young people who despite the odds, have succeeded educationally and are overcoming their early disadvantage to make a successful transition from care into adulthood. This thesis uses Bourdieu's theory on transformation and reproduction in society and the concepts of capital, field and habitus to explore care leavers' experiences of higher education. It considers how the support available to care leavers from their local authorities and higher education institutions has developed since Jackson and colleagues (2005) Going to University from Care study first highlighted deficits in the level of support provided to care leavers. This thesis also compares the experiences of care leavers with students from other disadvantaged backgrounds to understand where care leavers have specific support needs as a result of not being supported at university by their birth parents. Finally, this thesis considers the impact of the Buttle UK Quality Mark, developed in response to the findings of Jackson and colleagues (2005) and awarded to universities demonstrating a commitment to supporting care leavers.
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Canning, Amy. "An investigation of the relationship between self-esteem and aggression in care leavers." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/8627/.

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Aggression is a significant problem at an individual and societal level, and has a negative impact on both victims and perpetrators. There is evidence that aggression may be a particular problem for young people who have been in care (‘care leavers’), and this may exacerbate their already high levels of mental health and social needs. Previous research has suggested that self-esteem may play an important role in aggression. However, the nature of this relationship is unclear and the research evidence is inconsistent. It has been proposed that some of the inconsistencies apparent in the existing research are due to the way that self-esteem has been conceptualised and measured. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between a number of different forms of self-esteem and aggression using a cross-sectional survey design. The study used self-report measures and implicit association tests (Greenwald et al., 1998) designed to assess implicit global self-esteem and implicit domains of self-esteem. The relationship between global self-esteem and aggression, domains of self-esteem (social rank, mate value and social inclusion) and aggression and discrepant explicit/implicit self-esteem (calculated by subtracting implicit self-esteem scores from explicit self-esteem scores) and aggression were investigated. When male and female data were analysed together there was a weak positive relationship between social rank and aggression but no other significant relationships. However when male and female data were analysed separately marked gender differences in the relationships between self-esteem and aggression emerged. For women, there were significant inverse correlations between self-reported aggression and three different forms of self-esteem: global self-esteem, social inclusion and discrepant implicit/explicit social inclusion. For men, there were significant positive relationships between self-reported aggression and four different forms of self-esteem: social rank, mate value, discrepant social rank, and discrepant mate value. The methodological, theoretical and clinical implications of this study are discussed.
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Books on the topic "Care leavers"

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Peter, Marsh. Leaving care in partnership: Family involvement with care leavers. London: Stationery Office, 1999.

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Peter, Marsh. Leaving care in partnership: Family involvement with care leavers. London: Stationary Office, 1999.

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Stein, Mike. Helping care leavers: Problems and strategic responses. London: Department of Health, 2000.

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Gray, Donessa. Independence or reinstitutionalisation: Is the care system failing care leavers?. Birmingham: University of Central England in Birmingham, 1999.

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Mantle, Greg. Training school-leavers for carework: Social care students on placement. Norwich: Social Work Monographs, 1987.

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Ward, Jenni. One problem among many: Drug use among care leavers in transition to independent living. London: Home Office, 2003.

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Home, National Children's. Left to their own devices: A study of the problems faced by young care leavers. London: National Children's Home, 1990.

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Gallagher, Joanne. Life stressors, coping, interpersonal problem solving, self esteem and wellbeing among care leavers in Northern Ireland. [s.l: The author], 2004.

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Piper, Mari. A care leaver's perspective. London: Department of Health, 1998.

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San Francisco (Calif.). Board of Supervisors. Budget Analyst. Employee health care coverage during leaves of absence. San Francisco, CA: Board of Supervisors, Budget Analyst, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Care leavers"

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Nick, Caddick, Godier Lauren, and Fossey Matt. "Early Service Leavers." In Military Veteran Psychological Health and Social Care, 27–44. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315195117-3.

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Winter, Stephen. "Restorative Justice and Australian Care Leavers." In Transitional Justice in Established Democracies, 182–213. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137316196_9.

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Cronin, Mark, and Keith Bishop. "Looked-After Children and Care Leavers." In Working with Vulnerable Children, Young People and Families, 75–101. 2nd edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429055218-5.

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Jurczyszyn, Reeny, and Dee Michell. "We Can Do It and So Can Our Future Care Leavers! Care Leavers at University." In Education in Out-of-Home Care, 255–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26372-0_18.

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Murray, Suellen. "Helping Care-Leavers to Find Their Records." In Finding Lost Childhoods, 107–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57138-6_5.

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Murray, Suellen. "Supporting Care-Leavers to Receive Their Records." In Finding Lost Childhoods, 127–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57138-6_6.

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Murray, Suellen. "Good Practice in Care-Leavers’ Records Release." In Finding Lost Childhoods, 177–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57138-6_8.

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Stepanova, Evgenia, and Simon Hackett. "Improving Institutional Care to Enhance Outcomes for Care Leavers in Russia." In Young People Transitioning from Out-of-Home Care, 367–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55639-4_18.

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English-Peach, Charles Mark, and Clive Sealey. "Improving Transitions for Independence to Adulthood for Care Leavers." In Social Policy, Service Users and Carers, 51–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69876-8_4.

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Ward, Harriet, Lynne Moggach, Susan Tregeagle, and Helen Trivedi. "Adult Outcomes." In Outcomes of Open Adoption from Care, 223–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76429-6_8.

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AbstractThe chapter focuses exclusively on the 60 adoptees aged over 18 who completed the follow-up survey. It draws on data collected through survey responses and interviews focusing on 24 adult adoptees. It explores their outcomes across a range of dimensions that together contribute to a composite measure of adult functionality. It presents the outcomes the adoptees achieved on each of these key domains and explores how they compared both with those of the normative Australian population and a contemporaneous cohort of care leavers. The adoptees showed more evidence of poor mental health than care leavers, but often did better in terms of education and employment. The presence of a committed adoptive parent appears to have acted as a powerful protective factor, and only extreme indicators of vulnerability at entry to the adoptive home correlated with poor adult outcomes.
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Conference papers on the topic "Care leavers"

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Montà, Chiara Carla. "BUILDING PARTICIPATION IN THE CHILD PROTECTION SYSTEM THROUGH THE PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTION OF A CARE LEAVERS-LED POLICY. FIRST REFLECTIONS FROM THE EUROPEAN CARING PROJECT." In 15th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2022.0598.

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Oulton, Kate, Jo Wray, Charlotte Kenten, Jessica Russell, and Faith Gibson. "7 Too vulnerable to leave: parents’ perspectives on the safety of children with learning disabilities in hospital." In GOSH Conference 2019, Care of the Complex Child. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-gosh.7.

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Li, Shao-Yu, Pei-Kuan Lin, and Hien Thi Thu Nguyen. "Determinants Affecting Staff Intention to Leave in Public Nursing Care Sectors." In International Conference on Humanity and Social Science (ICHSS2016). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813208506_0010.

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Sutton, Mauri, George Geoghegan, Kenneth Schopen, Kathleen Kingma, Steve Castro, Kyle Wesley, Jack Yahl, and Frank Soto. "Non-Chemical Solder Bump Removal Technique for Repackaging Flip Chip ICs." In ISTFA 2012. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2012p0485.

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Abstract In this paper we will discuss an empirically discovered technique to remove residual solder bumps or remnants using reflow and wicking to a gold plated surface rather than mechanical or chemical means. Extraction of flip chip ICs, for the purpose of repackaging, can leave bond pads in inconsistent and undesirable conditions such as 1) retaining remnants of the solder bumps or 2) damaged or eliminated pad metal caused by acid or mechanical means used to separate the IC from the board. These conditions hinder subsequent wire bonding and probe card use. Though other techniques have been found to be suitable at times, the technique described in this paper consistently leaves the bonding area in an acceptable, more predictable condition, as the bulk of the solder bump material is removed. This lends to a higher wire bonding success rate.
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Mori, Daisuke, Hao Liu, and Takami Yamaguchi. "Effects of Distortion of the Aorta on the Blood Flow and Its Significance on the Localization of High Wall Shear Stress Region." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2538.

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Abstract The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It consists of the ascending aorta that leaves the left ventricle, the aortic arch where it curves about 180°, and the descending aorta. Three prominent branches to the head and upper limbs leave the aortic arch. In addition to this complex configuration, it was recently pointed out that the centerline of the aortic arch does not lie in a plane, and has a three dimensional (3D) distortion. This distortion induces very strong deviation of the 3D structure of the blood flow from that usually assumed to occur in flows in simple curved pipes (Caro et al. 1996). This 3D flow structure is thought to be responsible for some serious aortic diseases, including aortic aneurysms. It has been reported that the flow in a real human aorta is not the well-known twin vortex-type symmetrical secondary flow that is well established theoretically and experimentally for a simple curved pipe. Kilner et al. (1993) observed a single helical and retrograde secondary flow pattern by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
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Štenclová, Veronika, and Tomáš Čech. "PREPARATION OF CHILDREN TO LEAVE INSTITUTIONAL CARE AS A MEANS OF SUCCESSFUL SOCIAL INTEGRATION." In 11th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2018.0933.

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Chaikovskaya, L. A., M. I. Baranskaya, and O. L. Ovsienko. "Microbial preparations as a factor of plant resistance to the stress effects of heavy metals." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.21.

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The results of the influence of the complex microbial preparations (CMP) on the formation of the winter wheat antioxidant protection system in case of soil contamination with Pb, Cu, Cr are presented. Soil contamination with HM led to an increase in the content of ascorbic acid, glutathione, and peroxidase in wheat leaves. The use of CMP for pre-sowing inoculation of seeds helps to reduce the content of these indicators in the leaves of plants. Thus, bacterization contributed to a decrease in the content of ascorbic acid in the leaves by 13-35%. There was also a decrease in the content of glutathione in the leaves of plants grown from inoculated seeds. It decreased by 14-32%, 12-25%, and 19-24% on the background of НM soil contamination at the level of 1, 2.5 and 5 MPC, respectively. Our studies have shown a decrease in the content of peroxidase in the leaves of bacterized wheat plants on the background of soil contamination at the level of 1, 2.5 and 5 MPC HM by 7–19%, 14-33%, and 25-49%, respectively. Thus, soil contamination with HM leads to an increase in the content of ascorbic acid, glutathione, and peroxidase in the leaves of young winter wheat plants. The use of CMP for pre- sowing inoculation of seeds helps to reduce the content of these indicators in the phytomass of plants. This indicates an increased plant resistance to oxidative stress caused by HM.
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Sahoo, Debasish, Virendra Vaishnav, Tanushree Chatterjee, and Navita Gupta. "HERBAL DIETARY SUPPLEMENT – A MODERN APPROACH IN COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (CAM) IN HEALTH CARE SCIENCE." In International Conference on Public Health and Medical Sciences. Goodwood Conferences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/icophmeds.v1i1.24.

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Preliminary pharmacological study of herbal based dietary supplement formulation based on extracts or whole plants derived from fruits, root, berries, macrofungus and leaves as a promising, safe and effective alternative to synthetic and pharmaceutical dietary supplements, in-vitro studies such as antibacterial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity for extract of dietary supplements. Nutritional assessment of nutritional attributes as suggested by AOAC method, Phytochemical analysis by standard chemical procedures, Quantitative estimate Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Phenolic, Tannin. In-vitro studies of anti-microbial (well diffusion), anti-oxidant assay (DPPH assay), anti-inflammatory assay (albumin denaturation assay). FTIR analysis for detection of different functional group. The finding suggest that the plant extract have a better nutritional aspect. The extracts for the food supplement showed positive results for anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. More studies has to be concluded in respect to in-vivo tests that will conclude other pharmacological aspect of the food supplements. Reduced concentration of heavy metals and other contaminants will increase the therapeutical potency of the supplement. Stability, hold time study, dose and dosage form must be concluded in respect to achieve maximum efficacy. The herbal dietary supplement tend to better option against chemical based multi-vitamins and dietary supplements. These will enact the general well-being along with other pharmacological activities due to presence of phytochemicals present in the supplement.
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SITAREK-ANDRZEJCZYK, Monika, Jarosław PRZYBYŁ, and Marek GAJEWSKI. "THE EFFECT OF POST-HARVEST TREATMENT AND STORAGE CONDITIONS ON VITAMIN C CONTENT IN TWO LEAFY PARSLEY CULTIVARS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.018.

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The objective of the study was to determine the content of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) in two leafy parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill. Fuss) cultivars subjected to different post-harvest treatments. Ascorbic acid (AA), due to its instability, is one of the indicators of leafy vegetable freshness and quality. High content of this compound in vegetables is desired because of its bioactive properties. The cultivars differ in morphology of usable parts: ‘Rialto’ has flat lamina and ‘Petra’ triple-curled lamina. The plant material was obtained in 2015 and 2016 from experimental field in Warsaw-Wilanów. The leaves were washed directly after harvest: a) in tap water or b) in tap water with ozone added. Two methods of postharvest storage were applied: A) at the cold store and B) under simulated retail conditions. In the case of cold store method (A), the plants were tied in tufts and stored at the temperature of 0 °C and RH 90 % for 7, 14, 28 days in two variants: 1) in containers, where leaves petioles were immersed in water, and 2) in special bulk modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), dedicated to fresh herbs (Stepac, Israel). In the case of storage under simulated retail conditions (B), the leaves were kept for 48 hours at 10 °C, RH 30-40 % in two variants: 1) tufts wrapped in perforated PE film with petioles immersed in water, and 2) packed to retail MAPs, dedicated to leafy herbs (Stepac, Israel). Concentration of L-ascorbic acid in the leaves was determined spectrophotometrically, with the method based on reaction of Folin’s phenol reagent in low pH. Fresh and stored ‘Rialto’ leaves were characterised by a higher concentration of AA than ‘Petra’ leaves (110 and 44 mg g -1 f.w., respectively). Significant decrease of AA after ozone treatment was observed only for ‘Rialto’ directly after harvest. Storage length had significant influence on the content of AA in both cultivars. Decrease of AA content was observed during storage period. Average concentration of AA after 7 days of storage was 85 and 44 -1 f.w. for ‘Rialto’ and ‘Petra’, respectively. After 28 days of storage the concentration was 54% lower for ‘Rialto’ and 36% lower for ‘Petra’, compared to the initial content. Leaves after simulated retail conditions showed slightly lower AA content than those stored for 7 days in the cold room. Retail MAPs guaranteed significantly higher preservation of AA in both cultivars than wrapping in film with immersing in water. Washing in ozone-added water showed influence only on AA content in ‘Rialto’ leaves wrapped in film – they showed lower concentration of AA under simulated retail conditions. Our study showed that the content of AA in parsley leaves was cultivar dependent. Ozone treatment did not have negative effect on AA during the storage. Storage duration, rather than packaging methods, plays a key role in preservation of high content of AA. However, method of packaging is important under retail conditions, where temperature is higher and RH is much lower, than at a cold room.
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Ishtiaque, Md Tahsin, and Sung-Hwan Joo. "Optimized Modelling and Fabrication of a Parabolic Leaf Spring With Finite Element Analysis." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71180.

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A leaf spring is a simple form of spring commonly used for suspension system of vehicles which is originally called laminated or carriage spring. They perform isolation task in transferring vibration due to road irregularities to driver’s body. To improve the suspension system, many modifications have taken place overtime but recent innovations imply parabolic leaf spring and application of composite materials for these springs. The conventional flat profile of the leaf spring has been transformed into parabolic leaf spring which facilitates lighter, cheaper, better fatigue life and isolating more noise. This project basically includes designing a leaf spring with a conventional flat profile design following the standard dimension (SAE Manual) with acceptable tolerance and regard it as the base model for the project. To obtain the deformation, stress and fatigue life of the base model; a Computer Aided Simulation has been carried out in ANSYS Workbench considering the Structural Steel as the base material. Afterwards, the conventional flat profile design has been changed to parabolic shape consisting 1 Master leaf and 3 graduated leaves. In this case, initially the structural steel has been selected as the base material and later on SAE 5160 steel has been implemented to carry out the simulation. As only spring steel is the material widely used for parabolic leaf spring and many research has been carried out with spring steel, therefore different materials with combination of different spring design has been carried out in this project to get a better life cycle compared to the widely used one. After first modification, number of leaves has been increased to 5 but analysis has been carried out with the same two materials considered for initial simulation. Due to time constraint, the final optimized design has been selected among the analysis finished with the combination of leaves and materials which incorporate the better fatigue life, reduced deformation, reduced weight of the spring and increased factor of safety and later on following the final design (analyzed from CAE results) the parabolic leaf spring has been built with the assistance of a spring shop.
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Reports on the topic "Care leavers"

1

Dahl, Gordon, Katrine Løken, Magne Mogstad, and Kari Vea Salvanes. What Is the Case for Paid Maternity Leave? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19595.

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Baker, Michael, and Kevin Milligan. Evidence From Maternity Leave Expansions of the Impact of Maternal Care on Early Child Development. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13826.

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Cavaille, Charlotte, Federica Liberini, Michela Redoano, Anandi Mani, Vera E. Troeger, Helen Miller, Ioana Marinescu, et al. Which Way Now? Economic Policy after a Decade of Upheaval: A CAGE Policy Report. Edited by Vera E. Troeger. The Social Market Foundation, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-910683-41-5.

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Most, if not all advanced economies have suffered gravely from the 2008 global financial crisis. Growth, productivity, real income and consumption have plunged and inequality, and in some cases poverty, spiked. Some countries, like Germany and Australia, were better able to cope with the consequences but austerity has taken its toll even on the strongest economies. The UK is no exception and the more recent period of economic recovery might be halted or even reversed by the political, economic, and policy uncertainty created by the Brexit referendum. This uncertainty related risk to growth could be even greater if the UK leaves the economic and legal framework provided by the EU. This CAGE policy report offers proposals from different perspectives to answer the overarching question: What is the role of a government in a modern economy after the global financial crisis and the Brexit vote? We report on economic and social challenges in the UK and discuss potential policy responses for the government to consider. Foreword by: Lord O’Donnell of Clapham.
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Foreit, James R. Postabortion family planning benefits clients and providers. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1006.

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A woman’s fertility can return quickly following an abortion or miscarriage, yet recent data show high levels of unmet need for family planning (FP) among women who have been treated for incomplete abortion. This leaves many women at risk of another unintended pregnancy and in some cases subsequent repeated abortions and abortion-related complications. It is thus vital for programs to provide a comprehensive package of postabortion care (PAC) services that includes medical treatment, FP counseling and services, and other reproductive health services such as evaluation and treatment for sexually transmitted infections, HIV counseling and/or testing, and community support and mobilization. Providing FP services within PAC benefits clients and programs. Facilities that can effectively treat women with incomplete abortions can also provide contraceptive services, including counseling and appropriate methods. As stated in this brief, any provider who can treat incomplete abortion can also provide selected FP methods. Clients, providers, and programs benefit when FP methods are provided to postabortion clients at the time of treatment.
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Walsh, Brendan, and Karina Doorley. Occupations and Health. ESRI, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/bp202303.

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The relationship between health and employment status continually shows that individuals who work have lower levels of illness and higher self-reported health. This study examines how self-reported health and objective measures of health (multimorbidity and mental health problems) differ across employment status and occupations among adults of working age (25-65 years). In addition, the study examines how public health coverage – medical card and GP visit card (GPVC) – and private health coverage (PHI), and lack thereof, differ across occupations. Overall, individuals not in employment have much lower rates of self-reported health and higher rates of illness. In particular, mental health problems are three times higher among unemployed individuals across all age groups. Examining workers separately, differences in health status across occupations are small. However, rates of health coverage differ considerably across occupations. In general, occupations associated with poorer health status tend to have the highest percentages of workers without a medical card/GPVC or PHI. This affects workers’ ability to access lower cost or free healthcare, including for the purpose of certified sick leave.
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MacFarlane, Andrew. 2021 medical student essay prize winner - A case of grief. Society for Academic Primary Care, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37361/medstudessay.2021.1.1.

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As a student undertaking a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC)1 based in a GP practice in a rural community in the North of Scotland, I have been lucky to be given responsibility and my own clinic lists. Every day I conduct consultations that change my practice: the challenge of clinically applying the theory I have studied, controlling a consultation and efficiently exploring a patient's problems, empathising with and empowering them to play a part in their own care2 – and most difficult I feel – dealing with the vast amount of uncertainty that medicine, and particularly primary care, presents to both clinician and patient. I initially consulted with a lady in her 60s who attended with her husband, complaining of severe lower back pain who was very difficult to assess due to her pain level. Her husband was understandably concerned about the degree of pain she was in. After assessment and discussion with one of the GPs, we agreed some pain relief and a physio assessment in the next few days would be a practical plan. The patient had one red flag, some leg weakness and numbness, which was her ‘normal’ on account of her multiple sclerosis. At the physio assessment a few days later, the physio felt things were worse and some urgent bloods were ordered, unfortunately finding raised cancer and inflammatory markers. A CT scan of the lung found widespread cancer, a later CT of the head after some developing some acute confusion found brain metastases, and a week and a half after presenting to me, the patient sadly died in hospital. While that was all impactful enough on me, it was the follow-up appointment with the husband who attended on the last triage slot of the evening two weeks later that I found completely altered my understanding of grief and the mourning of a loved one. The husband had asked to speak to a Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 2 doctor just to talk about what had happened to his wife. The GP decided that it would be better if he came into the practice - strictly he probably should have been consulted with over the phone due to coronavirus restrictions - but he was asked what he would prefer and he opted to come in. I sat in on the consultation, I had been helping with any examinations the triage doctor needed and I recognised that this was the husband of the lady I had seen a few weeks earlier. He came in and sat down, head lowered, hands fiddling with the zip on his jacket, trying to find what to say. The GP sat, turned so that they were opposite each other with no desk between them - I was seated off to the side, an onlooker, but acknowledged by the patient with a kind nod when he entered the room. The GP asked gently, “How are you doing?” and roughly 30 seconds passed (a long time in a conversation) before the patient spoke. “I just really miss her…” he whispered with great effort, “I don’t understand how this all happened.” Over the next 45 minutes, he spoke about his wife, how much pain she had been in, the rapid deterioration he witnessed, the cancer being found, and cruelly how she had passed away after he had gone home to get some rest after being by her bedside all day in the hospital. He talked about how they had met, how much he missed her, how empty the house felt without her, and asking himself and us how he was meant to move forward with his life. He had a lot of questions for us, and for himself. Had we missed anything – had he missed anything? The GP really just listened for almost the whole consultation, speaking to him gently, reassuring him that this wasn’t his or anyone’s fault. She stated that this was an awful time for him and that what he was feeling was entirely normal and something we will all universally go through. She emphasised that while it wasn’t helpful at the moment, that things would get better over time.3 He was really glad I was there – having shared a consultation with his wife and I – he thanked me emphatically even though I felt like I hadn’t really helped at all. After some tears, frequent moments of silence and a lot of questions, he left having gotten a lot off his chest. “You just have to listen to people, be there for them as they go through things, and answer their questions as best you can” urged my GP as we discussed the case when the patient left. Almost all family caregivers contact their GP with regards to grief and this consultation really made me realise how important an aspect of my practice it will be in the future.4 It has also made me reflect on the emphasis on undergraduate teaching around ‘breaking bad news’ to patients, but nothing taught about when patients are in the process of grieving further down the line.5 The skill Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 3 required to manage a grieving patient is not one limited to general practice. Patients may grieve the loss of function from acute trauma through to chronic illness in all specialties of medicine - in addition to ‘traditional’ grief from loss of family or friends.6 There wasn’t anything ‘medical’ in the consultation, but I came away from it with a real sense of purpose as to why this career is such a privilege. We look after patients so they can spend as much quality time as they are given with their loved ones, and their loved ones are the ones we care for after they are gone. We as doctors are the constant, and we have to meet patients with compassion at their most difficult times – because it is as much a part of the job as the knowledge and the science – and it is the part of us that patients will remember long after they leave our clinic room. Word Count: 993 words References 1. ScotGEM MBChB - Subjects - University of St Andrews [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/subjects/medicine/scotgem-mbchb/ 2. Shared decision making in realistic medicine: what works - gov.scot [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.gov.scot/publications/works-support-promote-shared-decisionmaking-synthesis-recent-evidence/pages/1/ 3. Ghesquiere AR, Patel SR, Kaplan DB, Bruce ML. Primary care providers’ bereavement care practices: Recommendations for research directions. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;29(12):1221–9. 4. Nielsen MK, Christensen K, Neergaard MA, Bidstrup PE, Guldin M-B. Grief symptoms and primary care use: a prospective study of family caregivers. BJGP Open [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Mar 27];4(3). Available from: https://bjgpopen.org/content/4/3/bjgpopen20X101063 5. O’Connor M, Breen LJ. General Practitioners’ experiences of bereavement care and their educational support needs: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Education. 2014 Mar 27;14(1):59. 6. Sikstrom L, Saikaly R, Ferguson G, Mosher PJ, Bonato S, Soklaridis S. Being there: A scoping review of grief support training in medical education. PLOS ONE. 2019 Nov 27;14(11):e0224325.
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Gordoncillo, Mary Joy N., Ronello C. Abila, and Gregorio Torres. The Contributions of STANDZ Initiative to Dog Rabies Elimination in South-East Asia. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2789.

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A Grant Agreement between the Government of Australia and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), the Stop Transboundary Animal Diseases and Zoonoses (STANDZ), initiative includes a rabies component with an overarching intended outcome of reducing dog rabies incidence in targeted areas. This initiative envisaged regional rabies activities in South-East Asia as well as specifically designed pilot projects in the Philippines, Myanmar and Cambodia. While remaining anchored to the envisioned outcome, its implementation from 2013 to 2016 also leveraged on the resources made available through the initiative to strategically generate tools, materials and examples that can potentially bridge long-standing gaps on dog rabies elimination in the region. This included developing approaches on rabies communication strategy, risk-based approach for the prioritization of mass dog vaccination, rabies case investigation, post-vaccination monitoring, building capacity through pilot vaccination projects, One Health operationalization at the grass-root level, and reinforcing high-level political support through regional and national rabies strategy development. These are briefly described in this paper and are also further detailed in a series of publications which individually document these approaches for future utility of the countries in the region, or wherever these may be deemed fitting. The STANDZ rabies initiative leaves behind a legacy of materials and mechanisms that can potentially contribute in strategically addressing rabies in the region and in achieving the global vision of eliminating dog-mediated human rabies by 2030.
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Schaffer, Arthur A., D. Mason Pharr, Joseph Burger, James D. Burton, and Eliezer Zamski. Aspects of Sugar Metabolism in Melon Fruit as Determinants of Fruit Quality. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568770.bard.

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The cucurbit family, including melon, translocates the galactosyl-sucrose oligosaccharides, raffinose and stachyose, in addition to sucrose, from the source leaves to the fruit sink. The metabolism of these photoassimilates in the fruit sink controls fruit growth and development, including the horticulturally important phenomenon of sucrose accumulation, which determines melon fruit sweetness. During this research project we have characterized the complete pathway of galactosyl sucrose metabolism in developing fruit, from before anthesis until maturity. We have also compared the metabolic pathway in scurose accumulating genotypes, as compared to non-accumulating genotypes. Furthermore, we studied the pathway in different fruit tissues, in response to pollination, and also analyzed the response of the individual steps of the pathway to perturbations such as low temperature and leaf removal. The results of our studies have led to the conclusion that generally galactosyl-sucrose metabolism functions as a coordinately controlled pathway. In one case, as an immediate response to the absence of pollination, the activity of a single enzyme, UDPglu pyrophosphorylase, was drastically reduced. However, during young fruit development, sucrose accumulation, and in response to perturbations of the system, groups of enzymes, rather than single enzymes, respond in a concerted manner. Our research has characterized in detail the initial enzymes of galactosyl-sucrose metabolism, including the galactosidases, galactokinase and the UDPgal- and UDPglu pyrophosphorylases. We have discovered a novel alkaline a-galactoside which hydrolyzes both stachyose and reaffinose and thereby may have solved the dilemma of cytosolic-sucrose metabolism, since prior to this research there was no known alkaline a-galactosidase capable of hydrolyzing raffinose.
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García-Mantilla, Daniel. PLAC Network Best Practices Series: Target-Income Design of Incentives, Benchmark Portfolios and Performance Metrics for Pension Funds. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003599.

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In defined contribution systems, at the end of the accumulation phase the assets in the retirement account are exchanged for a pension. The conversion rate from assets to retirement income (which depends on the level of interest rates) is very volatile, and its variations constitute the main investment risk facing pension fund affiliates. In this sense, performance metrics, management fees and benchmark portfolios that focus on assets (and asset returns) and ignore the variations in the conversion rate, embed several problems: i. they send wrong signals to regulators, fund managers and workers, ii. they provide wrong incentives to pension fund management companies, and iii. they leave pension fund affiliates exposed to their largest risk factor, even during the last few years preceding their retirement date. We find that regulatory incentives with these fundamental problems are ubiquitous in the region. The document presents a series of best practices, and delivers a practical set of tools to assist regulators and supervisors in designing a framework that improves security and sufficiency of retirement income, and provides relevant and timely information to pension fund affiliates. The framework achieves that by fostering an integration of the accumulation and the payout phases, and an alignment of the regulatory incentives for pension fund management companies with the retirement income objectives of pension fund affiliates. Using historical data from Colombia as a case study, the document illustrates and quantifies the improvements in terms of pension benefits and retirement income security that the proposed framework could bring.
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Muelaner, Jody, ed. Unsettled Issues in Commercial Vehicle Platooning. SAE International, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021027.

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Platooning has the potential to reduce the energy consumption of commercial vehicles while improving safety; however, both advantages are currently difficult to quantify due to insufficient data and the wide range of variables affecting models. Platooning will significantly reduce the use of energy when compared to trucks driven alone, or at a safe distance for a driver without any automated assistance. Platooning will also reduce stopping distances—multiple states in the US have passed laws authorizing truck platoons to operate at shorter gaps than are authorized for normal, human-driven trucks. However, drivers typically do not currently leave the recommended gaps and, therefore, already gain much of the potential energy savings by drafting lead vehicles, albeit illegally. The automated systems associated with platooning cannot be programmed to flout safety recommendations in the way that human drivers routinely do. Therefore, actual energy savings may be minimal while safety may be greatly improved. More data will be needed to conclusively demonstrate a safety gain. Recommended safe gaps are currently highly generalized and must necessarily assume worst-case braking performance. Using a combination of condition monitoring and vehicle-to-vehicle communications, platooning systems will be able to account for the braking performance of other vehicles within the platoon. If all the vehicles in a platoon have a high level of braking performance, the platoon will be able to operate in a more efficient, tighter formation. Driver acceptance of platooning technology will increase as the systems become more effective and do not displace jobs. The increased loading of infrastructure must also be considered, and there may be requirements for upgrades on bridges or restrictions on platooning operation.
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