Dissertations / Theses: 'Career in labor policy'

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Fahr, René. "Occupational mobility and occupational matching: some implications for career choice and labor market policy /." Berlin : Dissertation.de, 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010562284&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Harrison, Isabel D. "State and labour in the U.S. : the Carter administration and the AFL-CIO, 1976-1980 : political strategy and the National Accord." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:61edc432-a93d-4892-9c4b-a1c90591fb8c.

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The Accord was a political exchange whereby the labour leadership participated in the wage restraint programme in return for consultative rights and specific quid pro quo policies, including countercyclical measures to offset fiscal austerity. The President subsequently sustained a policy of fiscal and monetary restraint despite the approaching election and the increasing protests of organized labour. However, in the face of strong opposition from some of Carter's senior economists, the labour leaders secured significant modifications to the second year of the pay standard. The 1980 presidential election renewed incentives for continuing cooperation when economic policy otherwise jeopardized relations.

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Hall, Jona S. "Identifying the Variables that Impact the Nontraditional Career Choices of Women." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou147871185473825.

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Salters, Gregory A. "A Phenomenological Exploration of Black Male Law Enforcement Officers' Perspectives of Racial Profiling and Their Law Enforcement Career Exploration and Commitment." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/877.

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This phenomenological study explored Black male law enforcement officers’ perspectives of how racial profiling shaped their decisions to explore and commit to a law enforcement career. Criterion and snow ball sampling was used to obtain the 17 participants for this study. Super’s (1990) archway model was used as the theoretical framework. The archway model “is designed to bring out the segmented but unified and developmental nature of career development, to highlight the segments, and to make their origin clear” (Super, 1990, p. 201). Interview data were analyzed using inductive, deductive, and comparative analyses. Three themes emerged from the inductive analysis of the data: (a) color and/or race does matter, (b) putting on the badge, and (c) too black to be blue and too blue to be black. The deductive analysis used a priori coding that was based on Super’s (1990) archway model. The deductive analysis revealed the participants’ career exploration was influenced by their knowledge of racial profiling and how others view them. The comparative analysis between the inductive themes and deductive findings found the theme “color and/or race does matter” was present in the relationships between and within all segments of Super’s (1990) model. The comparative analysis also revealed an expanded notion of self-concept for Black males – marginalized and/or oppressed individuals. Self-concepts, “such as self-efficacy, self-esteem, and role self-concepts, being combinations of traits ascribed to oneself” (Super, 1990, p. 202) do not completely address the self-concept of marginalized and/or oppressed individuals. The self-concept of marginalized and/or oppressed individuals is self-efficacy, self-esteem, traits ascribed to oneself expanded by their awareness of how others view them. (DuBois, 1995; Freire, 1970; Sheared, 1990; Super, 1990; Young, 1990). Ultimately, self-concept is utilized to make career and life decisions. Current human resource policies and practices do not take into consideration that negative police contact could be the result of racial profiling. Current human resource hiring guidelines penalize individuals who have had negative police contact. Therefore, racial profiling is a discriminatory act that can effectively circumvent U.S. Equal Employment Opportunities Commission laws and serve as a boundary mechanism to employment (Rocco & Gallagher, 2004).

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Paarlberg, Michael Ahn. "Labor policy in new democracies." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/449174451/viewonline.

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Yeung, Siu-hung Polly. "Labour policy and the employment ordinance." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574195.

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Laureys, Lien. "Essays on labor markets and macroeconomic policy." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/119821.

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This thesis sheds light on several macroeconomic aspects of the labor market and economic policy. Chapter 1 analyzes whether the presence of human capital depreciation during unemployment calls for policy intervention. I argue that the latter is required because human capital depreciation during unemployment generates an externality in job creation. Chapter 2 looks at whether the prescription for conducting monetary policy changes once it is taken into account that workers’ human capital depreciates during periods of unemployment. In a New Keynesian framework, I find that optimal monetary policy stays close to strict inflation targeting. Chapter 3 investigates how the effect of an increase in government spend- ing on labor market outcomes depends on the strength of the short-run wealth effect on labor supply. I show that the role of the latter crucially depends on the degree of price and wage stickiness.
Aquesta tesi estudia diversos aspectes macroeconòmics del mercat laboral i la política econòmica. El capítol 1 analitza si la presència de depreciació del capital humà durant els períodes d’atur requereix una intervenció política. Sostinc que aquesta última és necessaria degut a que la depreciació del capital humà durant els períodes d’atur, genera una externalitat en la creació de llocs de treball. El capítol 2 analitza si la prescripció de certes polítiques monetàries canvia un cop es té en compte que el capital humà dels treballadors es deprecia durant els períodes d’atur. En un marc neokeynesià, mostro que la política monetària òptima es manté prop de l’objectiu d’inflació estricte. El capítol 3 estudia com l’efecte d’un augment de la despesa pública en el mercat de treball depèn de la força de l’efecte riquesa a curt termini sobre l’oferta de treball. Mostro que el paper d’aquest últim depèn fonamentalment del grau de rigidesa de preus i salaris

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Diz, Sebastian. "Essays on monetary policy and labor markets." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667724.

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This thesis consists of three self-contained essays. The first chapter investigates the redistributive role minimum wages can play over the cycle and the implied effects on macroeconomic stability. To this end, I develop a two-agent model fea-turing idiosyncratic uncertainty and limited asset markets participation. I find that the minimum wage has the potential to redistribute against the minimum wage earners during an economic decline due to employment losses it originates. In ad-dition to its detrimental effects on low income individuals’ welfare, redistribution can have a quantitatively relevant impact on spending, and hence, on the severity of recessions. The second chapter explores the optimal design of monetary policy in a multisector model where agents’ preferences are characterized by sector spe-cific minimum consumption requirements. We find that this specification of pref-erences alters the optimal measure of inflation that the monetary authority should target. The third chapter studies wage flexibility as a means to absorb adverse shocks. Our focus is on economies with unequal access to financial markets and where the monetary authority is constrained by the zero lower bound. We show that in this particular setting the economy becomes more volatile when wages are less rigid, and hence, the usual recommendation of making labor markets more flexible to restore high output levels is misleading.
Esta tesis se compone de tres ensayos independientes. El primer capítulo investiga el papel redistributivo que pueden desempeñnar los salarios mínimos durante el ciclo y los consecuentes efectos sobre la estabilidad macroeconómica. Con este fin, desarrollo un modelo de dos agentes que incorpora riesgo idiosincrásico y participación limitada en los mercados financieros. Encuentro que el salario mínimo tiene el potencial de redistribuir en contra de quienes lo perciben durante un declive económico debido a las pérdidas de empleo que ocasiona. Adicionalmente a sus efectos negativos sobre el bienestar de trabajadores de bajos ingresos, la redistribución de ingresos puede tener un impacto cuantitativamente relevante sobre el gasto y, por lo tanto, sobre la severidad de las recesiones. El segundo capítulo explora el diseño óptimo de la política monetaria en un modelo multisectorial donde las preferencias de los agentes se caracterizan por incorporar requisitos mínimos de consumo específicos para cada sector. Encontramos que esta especificación de las preferencias altera la medida óptima de inflación que la autoridad monetaria debe estabilizar. El tercer capítulo estudia la flexibilidad salarial como un medio para absorber shocks adversos. Nos enfocamos en economías con acceso limitado a los mercados financieros y donde la autoridad monetaria está limitada por encontrarse la tasa de política en cero. Mostramos que en este contexto la economía se torna más volátil cuando los salarios son menos rígidos y, por lo tanto, la recomendación habitual de flexibilizar mercados laborales para restaurar los altos niveles de producción resulta inadecuada.

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Lagerström, Jonas. "Discrimination, sickness absence, and labor market policy /." Uppsala : Department of Economics, Uppsala University, 2006. http://www.ifau.se/upload/pdf/se/2006/dis06-04.pdf.

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Thomas, Carlos. "Labor Market Frictions, Inflation and Monetary Policy." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499214.

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Zhang, Wen. "Globalization, Monetary Policy and Labor Market Dynamics." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:106808.

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Thesis advisor: Peter N. Ireland
This dissertation consists of three essays that examine macroeconomic implications of trade liberalization. There has been a long-lasting debate on how trade openness influences the effectiveness of monetary policy. The first two essays provide a novel empirical and theoretical investigation into this issue. Motivated by recent new phenomena in U.S. labor market, the third essay is a work in progress that seeks to explore the evolution of U.S. manufacturing employment structural dynamics, and its connection with import competition. The first essay uses annual data of US manufacturing industries at 4-digit SIC level from 1972 to 2005 to conduct the empirical analysis. It shows that trade openness is negatively associated with industry-level effect of monetary policy, and at a given degree of trade openness, industries that involve in offshoring don't necessarily exhibit weaker responses. These empirical findings are hard to reconcile with the implications of standard open economy New Keynesian model, which indicates that trade openness strengthens the effectiveness of monetary policy and doesn't model offshoring separately. The second essay provides a new open economy New Keynesian model that can explain the empirical findings in the first essay. The model features endogenously determined international trade pattern based on Ricardian trade theory, and one-way offshoring from the advanced economy to the less developed one. This model highlights a new channel through which trade openness influences the monetary transmission mechanism: a decline in both trade and offshoring costs raises labor demand elasticity. Trade openness weakens the effects of monetary policy changes on output and inflation by dampening the responses of the domestic labor market. The calibrated model indicates that, when the economy moves from trade and financial autarky to a modern trade regime with an incomplete international financial market, the monetary policy shocks have 22% less of an effect on real GDP and consumer price inflation. The third essay provides the motivation on why to explore the evolution of U.S. manufacturing employment structural dynamics, introduces the methodology, and describes the dataset as well as future works
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics

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Kang, Ik-hee. "Segmented labor markets and earnings determination in the South Korean labor market /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Ip, Yee-cheung. "An analysis of government policy on importation of labour." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1323643X.

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Michael, Le. "The Effects of Provincial Policies on Early Career Family Physicians’ Career Choices." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41861.

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Over the past decade, the healthcare landscape has shifted for Ontario’s family physicians as government policies changed the availability of practice and compensation models. The most impacted population are early career family physicians. Given this changing healthcare environment, the factors that drive early career family physicians practice choices are unclear and not well-studied. Therefore, this thesis sought to answer the following research questions: 1. What factors shape family physician choice of practice and compensation models in Ontario? a. How do early career family physicians perceive the availability of practice and compensation models in Ontario? 2. From the perspective of Ontario family medicine residency administrators, how does residency influence family physician practice choices? This study was a part of a broader, cross-provincial study examining family medicine resident and early career family physician practice patterns in British Columbia, Nova Scotia, and Ontario. Nineteen early career physicians and 7 family medicine residency administrators were interviewed for their perceptions and understanding of the factors and policies affecting their (or in the case of administrators, residents’) career choices. In this thesis, I used thematic analysis as described by Braun and Clarke to answer the research questions. Patton and McMahon’s Systems Theory Framework (STF) provided a systems perspective that was used to model and assess the interactions between emergent themes. The factors that shaped family physician choice of practice and compensation models were divided into micro- and macro-level factors as described by the STF. Micro-level factors were ‘gender’, ‘health’, ‘interests’, and ‘world of work knowledge.’ Macro-level factors included ‘educational institutions’, ‘geographical location’, ‘historical trends’, ‘peers’, ‘family’, ‘community groups’, ‘workplace’, and ‘employment market.’ Finally, two additional factors were found: ‘flexibility’, and ‘financial considerations.’ The interaction between these factors was complex, where many linked themes gave rise to career decisions made by family physicians. A second perspective in the form of residency administrators helped develop a holistic description of these factors. Furthermore, a gap between physician training and practice opportunities after graduation was identified.

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Jeffery, Grant. "Supporting school career education with an online community." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2006. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/3671.

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This thesisi s an analysisi f a participatory action researchp roject, involving several interventions with school students in a series of iterative stages, exploring ways to take school student career education out of the confines of the schools themselvesa nd into the wider community; to introducep ersonc enterednesas s a core value in careere ducation;a nd to explore the effectivenesso f using online social and community networks to support career education generally. A software probe was developed consisting of a series of career education web pages linked to asynchronous online discussion. In the final data gathering trial, 40 people (including 30 school students from two Edinburgh schools and 10 adult `community' participants) contributed to a six week career education programme involving. cycles of face to face classroom work followed by pseudonymous, asynchronous, online discussion between the school students and the community participants. The data analysis shows that despite the open and relatively unconstrained format of the discussion, topics normally covered in mainstream career education classes were covered spontaneously by the participants. In addition, however, discussion ranged more widely, taking a more holistic perspective in some cases and following the personal interests and issues of concern of the participants (such as balancing occupational and family concerns). The participants went further, problematisingm any of the discourseso f conventionalc areere ducationa nd explicitly challenging received wisdom about the value of early occupational choice and the rational decision making process. The conventional career education curriculum was both extended and contested. There is analysis of the benefits of pseudonymity, the role of the adult contributors, the online forum, and the experience of the student participants. Ultimately the thesis raises questions about the humanist values underpinning careere ducation( such as person-centredneshs,o lism and emancipation)a rguing iv that Career Education and Guidance can be about value creation as much as transmission of dominant values.

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Dwairi, Musa A. (Musa Ayesh). "Comparative Labor Policy in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, 1961-1987." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331683/.

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It is increasingly recognized that manpower planning and policies are a major component of a country's development efforts. The purpose of this study is to examine the labor market in Jordan and to identify the main determinants of employment (labor force) during the period from 1961 to 1987 in order to advise policy makers as to the best course of action to achieve full employment. This period was divided into two periods: 1961 to 1972 and 1973 to 1987 for comparative purposes. The socio-economic and political framework of the labor market, as well as the labor policies during the period were examined in an effort to determine the determinants affecting the labor market in the two periods. The findings of this study reveal that Jordan's labor market and policies over the last three decades have been influenced by changes and events not only in Jordan, but by changes and events in the entire region. The study also indicates that factors influencing the labor market differ under different conditions. The impact of the independent variables tested in this study differ between the two periods, 1961 to 1972 and 1973 to 1987. Policy which may serve the country's best interest during the time of instability and crisis may not be in the country's best interest in time of stability and peace.

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Yeung, Siu-hung Polly, and 楊少紅. "Labour policy and the employment ordinance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574195.

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Tse, Sau-kuen. "Labour policy and the protection of the legal entitlements of private sector employees." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13236416.

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Zanasi, Francesca. "Carers and Careers. Grandparental care investment and its labour market consequences in Europe." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/258594.

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As life expectancy increases, grandparents spend a longer part of their life with grandchildren, which opens opportunities for sharing time, resources, and affection. The present dissertation aims at investigating the content of the grandparent-grandchild relationship and, at the same time, the consequences that becoming a grandmother could have on mid-life women’s labour market participation. It revolves around three main contributions. First, it approaches grandparenting from a stratification perspective, putting forward that grandparents could perform different activities with grandchildren according to their educational levels. Second, it investigates grandmothers’ transition to retirement as driven by the institutional context, which shapes both the extent to which grandparental childcare is needed as support for the younger generations (measured through the availability of childcare services) and the extent to which it is easy and attractive to withdraw early from the labour force for old-age individuals (measured through the generosity of the pension system). Finally, it considers grandmothers’ labour market withdrawal as enabled, or constrained, by women’s previous work history, with two case-studies: England and Italy. In fact, decisions taken earlier in life on work-family reconciliation, on the one hand, could be reproduced in late-life upon the grandchild’s birth; on the other hand, years worked, and kind of job held open different routes for retirement. Taken together, the present dissertation unveils that grandparenthood is a multifaceted phenomenon, which must be studied in a multi-generational framework and by considering demographic, social, and institutional trends of current European societies.

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Bengtsson, Anki. "Governance of Career Guidance : an enquiry into European policy." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-130810.

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The overall aim of this thesis is to enquire into and problematize the governance of career guidance and how individuals’ career management is constructed within EU policy. The empirical material consists of European policy documents produced during 2000-2015. The two central research questions explore (1) how European career guidance is made governable, and (2) how individuals’ career management is constructed and governed. The Foucauldian governmentality perspective and the analytic method of problematization is utilized. The analysis focuses on the compositions of normative forms of reason, discursive practices and techniques by which governing is exercised and knowledge is produced. The thesis is based on four articles, three of which concern career guidance and career management. The fourth article concerns education of citizenship. The analysis shows that the formation of a policy space for comparison of national systems of career guidance is significant for making European career guidance amenable to governance. It is mobilized by governing practices for involvement of institutional actors and the construction of standards of performance. This form of governance becomes effective on the condition that institutional actors use and produce knowledge and practices about what works in career guidance, and this implies self-control and constant monitoring. It is a complex process of producing self-regulation of career guidance adjustable to change and innovation in which both standardization and modulation are inbuilt. Moreover, this is dependent on the interplay of governance and self-government. Knowledge and practices shape career management as an individual competence, which each individual is assumed to achieve. The use of guidance techniques supporting this design and self-regulating practices contributes to responsibilizing individuals to achieve this competence. Knowledge of individuals’ management of their careers includes civic competence. This led me to extend my use of the theoretical framework to investigate how knowledge of civic competence is constructed in European policy documents concerning teacher education from 2000 to 2012. My analysis shows that presumptions of teaching civic competence support the production of the active and learning subject.

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Smith-Doerr, Laurel. "Career paths in the life sciences: Processes and outcomes of organizational change." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282886.

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This project examines how changing organizational arrangements in a technological field affect individual level outcomes and processes of career formation. In the field of the life sciences, the biotechnology industry has emerged as an employment option with a fundamentally different organizational form. Three main research questions are addressed concerning the changing organizational setting of life science careers: (1) How are traditional stratification of science patterns affected by the option of employment in network rather than hierarchical, organizations? (2) Who enters a new, sought after, employment arena first? and (3) How does a new career path become legitimate? The data collected for this project are both quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative data were gathered from National Institutes of Health archives. Logistic regression analyses were performed on the sample of 3395 PhDs to estimate dichotomous career outcomes. The qualitative data come from interviews and ethnographic observations with scientists in a variety of settings--university laboratories, commercial firms, and government institutes. While traditional patterns of stratification in science--educational background and gender--were found to have effects in this sample as well, organizational context is very important to understanding how stratification may be mitigated. Gender inequality in the attainment of leadership level positions was consistently found in more hierarchical organizational settings, but did not appear in network organizations (biotechnology firms). In contrast, educational background had significant effects across all types of organizational forms. PhDs with elite educations were more likely to enter biotechnology both in earlier and later periods of industry history. Male and female PhDs were equally likely to enter the biotechnology industry, and this result also did not vary by time period. The common frames used by scientists in biotech and other science-based organizations to legitimate biotechnology work include: resources (scientific as well as monetary), networks (ties to respected scientists who endorse biotech), and analogies to academe. Biotechnology employment is retroframed as similar to yet different from academic work---indicating some interesting frame tension. This study has implications for scholarship particularly in the areas of organization theory, sociology of science, and gender and work.

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Patah, Mohd Onn Rashdi Abd. "Developing a career in the Malaysian hotel industry : a narrative analysis of the career experiences of local middle managers." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/104249/.

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The career pathways and aspirations of the next generation of hotel managers have not been previously documented or studied thoroughly, primarily because the majority of available studies have focused on the success stories of current hotel general managers. Many career-related studies have highlighted the importance of career development, and the purpose of this study was to address this gap in the research in the hotel industry by exploring the career pathways of middle managers through the understanding of their educational and training background, career experiences, factors that contribute and opportunities available for them. A qualitative study, using interviews and narrative analysis, was conducted in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, with 14 current hotel middle managers (the heads of hotel departments), 11 former middle managers and three hotel general managers. Participants were contacted via the professional social media platform, LinkedIn. Using Career Construction Theory (Savickas (2005)) and its three components of vocational personality, life theme and career adaptability as the meta-theory, this research examined the career experiences of participants to understand middle managers’ career pathways and aspirations from their own career stories or narratives. Each interview was recorded and transcribed and the responses were then coded by using the Atlas.tiTM software. The findings were used to discuss and address the research questions set for this research. The results were also linked to the managers’ career development opportunity structures, which may have influenced their decision to stay, progress or leave the industry. Several contributions were highlighted which include the importance of education and training, the personal narratives of each manager on their work experiences, the varied extent of the available opportunities, and the skills development of the middle managers in this research. Overall, it can be concluded that the middle managers’ career aspirations were individually constructed, contextualised by the opportunities available to them, continuous learning experiences, skills development, changes in their life stages, support that they received and the extent to which they were successful in adapting the challenges involved in their career transitions.

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Chan, Ha-kwan Nikkiter. "Labour policy in Hong Kong in the 90'." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22050772.

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Kearns, Jill. "CAREER INTERRUPTIONS: WAGE AND GENDER EFFECTS." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/7.

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This dissertation examines the effects of career interruptions on workers’ wages. In chapter four I examine whether controlling for the type of interruption differently affects men’s and women’s wages and therefore can be used to explain the remaining gender wage differences. The increased participation of married women in the labor force has increased their wages from just 30% of men’s wages in 1890 to nearly 80% as of 2001. Thus, although the gender wage gap has narrowed over time, it has yet to be eliminated. One argument for the persistence of the gender wage gap is that previously researchers have used poor measures of experience to estimate men’s and women’s wages. Although previous studies have made strides in measuring experience, including controls for the timing of work experience, the gender wage gap persists. I extend the wage-gap literature by including controls for the types of interruptions men and women encounter. Because they typically experience different types of interruptions, I examine whether the varying types affect wages differently. I control for the types of interruptions and find similar effects for men’s and women’s wages. My study shows that types of job interruptions do not explain the remaining wage differentials. The fifth chapter extends from the fourth chapter by including controls for all periods of unpaid leave from work. I examine whether wage differences exist between workers who return to their current employer post-interruption versus those who change employers post-interruption. I find differences in the wage effects from different types of unpaid leave for men and women. Chapter six extends from previous chapters by including controls for all periods of paid leave from work in addition to unpaid leaves from work. I examine whether depreciation effects occur when women spend time out of work but receive compensation through paid maternity leaves. I find no evidence that time out of work because of paid maternity leaves depreciates skills.

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Depew, Briggs Bourne. "Public Policy and Its Impact On the Labor Market." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293446.

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My dissertation consists of four chapters that are motivated by understanding the intended and unintended economic outcomes of public policy in the labor market. My particular focus is studying how individuals respond to incentives created by policy and welfare reform. The first chapter explores the effect of expanding dependent health insurance coverage to young adults. I study both the outcomes from state policies and the recent Affordable Care Act (ACA). In the second chapter I analyze the unintended consequences of a New Deal policy that paid farmers to reduce production. As a result, I find significant displacement of croppers and tenants in the Cotton South. The third chapter ties together the micro-foundations of the labor supply to the firm with the macroeconomic areas of on-the-job search theory and the business cycle. By using employee level data from two US manufacturing firms in the volatile inter-war period, I show that these two firms had significantly more wage setting power during recessions than expansions. My final chapter addresses the question of how does reduced immigration restrictions affect the composition of immigrants in the US.

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Thompson, Jeffrey P. "Differential effects of economic policy across local labor markets." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Gamarra, Vílchez Leopoldo. "Balance of the Labor Policy of the Current Government." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118483.

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This paper analyzes the employment policy of the current Peruvian government. We begin with some considerations on the economic and social context of the period 2011-2015 and specifically on the concept of precariousness in employment. Then we analyze the most important changes in labor and social security matters; finally, we will discuss some proposals for concrete measures regarding the search for solution of the problems addressed.
El presente trabajo se propone analizar la política laboral del actual Gobierno peruano. Empezaremos con algunas consideraciones sobre el contexto económico y social del período 2011-2015 y específicamente sobre el concepto de la precariedad en el empleo. Luego, analizaremos los cambios más importantes en materia laboral y previsional; finalmente, expondremos algunas propuestas como medidas concretas respecto a la búsqueda de solución de los problemas tratados.

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Staudt, Joseph M. "Economics of Science: Labor Markets, Journal Markets, and Policy." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460104223.

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Annett, Kevin Daniel. "International labor migration : a comparative perspective on Canadian policy." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26357.

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More than twenty million human beings are pursuing work in foreign lands in the 1980's, the majority of them unskilled men or families in search of higher wages. These migrant workers are the most vulnerable souls among us, for they lack legal status in a world where the statusless are immediate victims. Nevertheless, both developing and mature economies have relied on these mobile workers as a cheap labor source, and have used and discarded migrants according to economic and political expediency. From the Mexican bracero smuggled illegally into the United States to the massive foreign workforce of Saudi Arabia, migrants have been imported with impunity because of their low wage utility, but universally have been kept in a temporary, stateless condition with few guaranteed rights. Canada is an exception to this global trend, and this fact is the subject of my thesis. Although facing the same general economic compulsions of other nations, especially the competitive need to lower its costs of production, Canada has imported few migrant workers since the 1950's, and has pursued a policy of settling immigrants as residents rather than maintaining a temporary foreign workforce. The reasons for this constitute the central problem of my thesis. Being a global and systemic phenomenon, labor migration must be studied in a comparative manner. This is particularly true when one considers the variety of cultural and policy responses which attend the arrival of migrant workers in different countries. Accordingly, my investigation of the reasons for Canada's policy approach to migrant labor begins with a consideration of the nature and evolution of policy responses of other nations to migrants. Such a comparative analytical method provides a more complete profile of migratory labor as well as a yardstick against which the Canadian experience can be contrasted. My general conclusions are the result of a comparative and historical appreciation of labor migration to Canada. A settlement tradition, a small and fluctuating labor market, and a political and cultural aversion to temporary labor migration have combined to create Canada's notably durable policy approach to migrant workers since World War II; one which has consciously limited the size of the non-settled foreign worker population despite the economic benefits of cheap migrant labor. My study has also illuminated the almost universally narrow policy approach of governments to migrant workers, who initially are conceived of in purely economic terms without regard to their long-term social impact. Reflective of immediate political and economic interests, public policy is inherently adaptive and shifting, and accordingly governments have lacked a broad perspective on both migrant workers and the social-economic problems which engender their importation. My final observation is one which recognizes the indivisibility of moral and "practical" issues regarding migrant workers. The latter are people, not a lifeless economic category, and are victims of global inequalities which prompt migration abroad. Unfortunately, the humanity of the migrant is the first reality ignored by policy-makers and employers. It has been convenient for powerful men to keep migrants stateless and devoid of rights so as to better exploit their labor. In this way, the modern migrant resembles the Holocaust era Jew who first had to be deprived of his and her nationality before mass annihalation was possible. The twentieth century is a graphic testament to the fact that the statusless person is wholly at the mercy of others. Thus, for moral and analytical reasons, ultimate answers to the problems created by migrating populations are not possible without addressing global rather than purely national conditions, and without replacing pragmatic self-interest with empathic understanding.
Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate

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Rogers, John Mark. "Internships as a Bridge from Community College into a Career." Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10599191.

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Internships, externships, apprenticeships and co-operative education programs are all forms of experiential learning in a workplace setting that community colleges sponsor to enhance learning and career outcomes for their graduates. Previous studies have examined wage gains associated with co-op participation at the baccalaureate level, but no studies have quantified the gains to internship participation at the sub-baccalaureate level.

Guided by a framework that includes psychological and pedagogical perspectives and social, cultural and human capital theory, this study uses a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods to explore the benefits of internship and co-op programs at the sub-baccalaureate level for students and employers. Using a sample of 2,562 students provided by the Florida Education and Training Placement Information Program who graduated between 2006 and 2010, four separate statistical models analyzed the pre- and post-graduation wages for graduates of 10 occupationally-focused Associate of Science and Associate of Applied Science degree programs at community colleges in the State of Florida in order to measure the association between participation in an internship and co-op programs and wages earned in the first ten quarters after graduation. Brief cases at two of the community colleges explore in more depth the nature of the internship experience and reported benefits.

Only 14% of graduates in the sample participated in internships and 6% participated in co-ops, consistent with national averages for community college students, but well below the averages for students at the baccalaureate level. Both pre-graduation wages and internship participation are found to be significant predictors of post-graduate wages and an interaction effect exists between the two predictors. Internship participation is associated with a 10% greater increase in earnings during the 10 quarters after graduation as compared with students who do not participate in internship programs. Moreover, internships and co-op programs can be seen to help students with weaker pre-graduation wage history to partially “catch up” to their peers, although this “catching up” cannot overcome the advantage enjoyed by those students with high pre-graduation wages.

Regarding the qualitative findings, interns and employers perceive that internships provide meaningful human, social and cultural capital benefits to students which may boost their labor market success. Characteristics of successful internship programs include duration and number of hours, placement in a field consistent with a student’s academic major, a rotational structure, active supervision, and clear communication by community college staff with interns and employers before, during and after the internship.

The findings of this study suggest that the benefits of internship sponsorship and participation outweigh the costs for students, employers and colleges. Variation in internship standards and practices across programs and institutions, however, may obscure our understanding of the outcomes described in the study and bear further investigation.

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Caven, Valerie. "Building a career : gender and employment in a male-dominated profession." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11728/.

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Models of employment have become gendered with the 'standard' or masculine model following an unbroken, linear career path whilst the feminine model comprises periods of both full-time and part-time employment as well as intervals of non-participation in the labour market. Commitment to work is defined against these norms with those women who follow the masculine career pattern being said to display greater commitment to work than those who follow an alternative path. It is considered that career progression within an organisational hierarchy is dependent upon following the ‘standard' type of career path, which disadvantages women as historically they have been less likely than men to follow such a path. This thesis argues that there has been an over reliance on such explanations to illustrate and justify women's employment. Such studies patronise women by imposing these explanations on them without work being done to investigate women's own evaluations of their employment. The aim of this research is to examine the working arrangements of a group of highly qualified professional women architects who 'fit' the profile of high commitment to their career by their investment in qualifications. They work in an established 'traditional' profession in what is still very much a 'man's world'. The research aims to go deeper than just to confirm or disconfirm the stereotypes or profile. Within the structural and cultural components that form the profile, it examines the paths the women have taken, how they have progressed through their working and family lives, the choices and sacrifices they have made. In short, it explores not 'what' they have done but 'how' and 'why' they have done it.

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Choi, Sengeun. "Three essays on tax policy, wealth, and entrepreneurship." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Britz, Kevin Mark 1954. "THE ARIZONA MINING CAREER OF WILLIAM F. STAUNTON, 1883-1931 (LABOR, RAILROADS, TOMBSTONE)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291300.

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Wu, Yin. "American College Students' Career Readiness and the Impact on Their Labor Market Outcomes." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10622899.

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This study aims to advance understanding of the impact of higher education on students’ career development in today’s more diverse student body, and to revisit the career development model to meet the evolution of the labor market. A latent structure incorporating three indicators is developed to measure college-prepared career readiness, i.e. generic competencies, subject-specific skills, and degree completion status. Using a national dataset of the 2004/09 Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study (BPS: 04/09), this dissertation examines college students’ career readiness and the impact on their labor market outcomes in terms of job status and income six years after entering college. The central research questions are: 1) what is the status of students’ career readiness acquired through higher education, and what are the individual and institutional factors that affect college-prepared career readiness; 2) what are the relationships between college-prepared career readiness and labor market outcomes, and what are the student-level and institution-level variables associated with students’ labor market outcomes. A series of two-level hierarchical linear regression models are developed to address the research questions.

Results suggest that American students’ college-prepared career readiness is associated with multiple individual factors, including gender, ethnicity and immigrant status, academic integration, majoring STEM fields, high school GPA and college entrance exam scores. At the institution-level, selectivity and school control are related to college-prepared career readiness. With respect to labor market outcomes, college-prepared career readiness plays the most important role among all variables involved in predicting students’ job status and job income, at both student- and institution-level. In addition, socio-economic status, college major, duration of employment, academic integration and college entrance exam scores are variables affecting job status at the student-level. For job income, gaps favoring male and students majoring STEM fields are found at the student-level. Mean SES and research emphasis are associated with job income at the institution-level.

The findings provide evidence for university-wide programs designed to boost students’ academic integration, and partnerships between STEM departments and predominantly minority or high-need school districts. Particularly, there is a need for special career services that assist females in STEM fields access to equal opportunities.

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Jung, Youn Soo. "Essays in health and labor economics." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6442.

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This thesis focuses on how health care policies affect the labor supply of physicians and beneficiaries. Further, I examine how the labor supply responses of physicians vary based on the level of competition. In the first chapter, I focus on the labor supply response of physicians to two large public health insurance expansions, the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) and the Affordable Care Act (ACA). These insurance programs have significantly increased the number of patients with public health insurance and the demand for medical services, but it is not clear whether providers will supply additional services for newly-insured patients. In response to the introduction of SCHIP, my estimates suggest that physicians reallocate their total working hours between patient care and non-patient care activities. The size of the impact was greater in areas with high level of physician concentration prior to the expansion. Physicians in high concentration areas tend to decrease time spent on direct patient care, but increase hours on non-direct patient care. In response to the ACA, physicians’ working hours did not increase, but working hours and the probability of being employed increased for registered nurses. This suggests that physicians might utilize other healthcare providers to accommodate increases in demand for medical services after the expansion. In the second chapter, we analyzed the impact of expanding Medicaid on health insurance coverage and labor market outcomes. Expansions of public health insurance have the potential to reduce the uninsured rate, but also to reduce coverage through employer-sponsored insurance (ESI), reduce labor supply, and increase job mobility. In January 2014, twenty-five states expanded Medicaid as part of the Affordable Care Act to low-income parents and childless adults. We compare the changes in insurance coverage and labor market outcomes over time of adults in states that expanded Medicaid and in states that did not. Our estimates suggest that the recent expansion significantly increased Medicaid coverage with little decrease in ESI. Overall, the expansion did not impact labor market outcomes, including labor force participation, employment, and hours worked. In the third chapter, I examined the impact of competition among dentists on the labor supply of dentists. I focus on how dentists’ working hours will changes when the level of competition increases by examining the effect of the National Health Service Corps (NHSC). The NHSC was created to increase the supply of rural physicians, which might increase the competition in rural areas. I examine the number of dentists (extensive margins of labor supply) and the change in the working hours of dentists (intensive margins of labor supply) in response to the increased level of physician competition. I found that 1 percent increase in NHSC-approved sites increases 5.4% increases in the number of providers and 0.2% of competition in a rural county. In addition, I found that there is a positive relationship between the number of NHSC-approved sites and providers’ working hours. If the competition among dentists increases about 1, then working hours of providers increase about 6 hours per week.

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Gonzalez, Marcela Fabiana. "The politics of labor unions laws policy making in Argentina." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3778.

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Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Sociology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Wiedemann, Andreas Bernhard. "Indebted societies : modern labor markets, social policy, and everyday borrowing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118220.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 260-280).
Debt has become an essential part of families' daily lives in many countries. This dissertation examines under what circumstances credit markets replace the role of welfare states to address social risks and promote social mobility in advanced democracies. It sheds light on the socio-economic and political consequences of growing debt levels. I offer a theory that explains variation in household debt across and within countries by demonstrating that credit fills gaps between households' financial needs and demand for social services on the one hand and welfare states' supply of social services on the other-a gap I refer to as social policy shortfall. The transformation of stable Fordist economies into flexible knowledge economies led to increasingly fragmented employment patterns and life-course trajectories. Welfare states, however, have often not kept up with these disruptions and leave households with larger financial burdens. Households increasingly go into debt to address the financial consequences of social risk such as unemployment or sickness as well as to seize social opportunity by investing in childcare and family, education, and housing. Cross-nationally, two factors explain the variation in household debt: the size and type of social policy shortfall determine individuals' financial needs. But whether credit emerges as a private alternative to welfare states is contingent upon the structure of a country's credit regime, which shapes how easily individuals can borrow money. Drawing on full-population administrative records from Denmark and micro-level panel data from the U.S. and Germany, I show that the permissive credit regimes of the U.S. and Denmark grant households easy access to credit, but the distribution of debt across households differs because welfare states in both countries protect and support households differently. In Germany, the restrictive credit regime results in less borrowing even in light of social policy reforms. The findings have implications for how scholars and policymakers think about the role of financial markets and household debt in a world of changing labor markets and welfare states. It shows how credit markets and welfare states appear to fulfill similar functions but follow different underlying logics, each with its own socio-economic and distributional consequences that shape and amplify insecurity and inequality.
by Andreas Bernhard Wiedemann.
Ph. D.

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Pizzo, Alessandra. "Frictional labor markets and policy interventions : dynamics and welfare implications." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E014/document.

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L'objectif sous-jacent aux trois chapitres qui composent cette thèse est la compréhension du fonctionnement du marché du travail, afin d'établir un diagnostic quant au rôle de régulation potentiel d'une autorité publique dans ce marché. Dans le premier chapitre, j'analyse, d'un point de vue purement "positif", la capacité du modèle avec frictions d'appariement à répliquer les fluctuations de court terme de variables du marché du travail aux États-Unis. Je propose une nouvelle stratégie de calibration, dans le cadre d'analyse est celui d'un modèle de fluctuations avec rigidité de prix. Dans le deuxième chapitre (co-écrit avec F. Langot), nous étudions les déterminants des évolutions de l'offre de travail sur les cinquante dernières années. L'évolution du coin fiscal, ainsi que de deux variables reflétant le cadre institutionnel (la générosité du revenu en cas de "non-emploi" et le pouvoir de négociation des travailleurs), permettent d'expliquer les différentes trajectoires du taux d'emploi et des heures travaillées observées aux États-Unis et dans trois économies européennes (France, Allemagne et Royaume-Uni). Dans le troisième chapitre, j'analyse la performance de deux systèmes alternatifs de sécurité sociale, dans le cadre d'un modèle avec agents hétérogènes en termes de richesse. Les agents sont soumis à un risque de chômage, et le planificateur peut fournir de l'assurance à travers un système fiscal redistributif, basé sur une taxe progressive et/ou l'assurance chômage. Le système fiscal progressif est supérieur, en termes de bien-être agrégé, à l'assurance fournie à travers des allocations chômage, à travers son effet sur le fonctionnement du marché du travail
The objective underlying the three chapters of this thesis is the understanding of the functioning of the labor market to make a diagnosis about the potential regulatory role of a public authority in this market. ln the first chapter, I analyze, from a purely "positive" point of view, the ability of the model with search and matching frictions to reproduce short-term fluctuations of labor market variables in the United States. I propose a new calibration strategy, within a general equilibrium framework with sticky prices. In the second chapter (co-written with F. Langot), we study the determinants of changes in the labor supply over the last fifty years. Changes in the tax wedge, and two variables reflecting the institutional framework (the generosity of income in case of "non-employment" and workers' bargaining power), can explain the different trajectories of the rate employment and hours worked observed in the United States and three European economies (France, Germany and the United Kingdom). ln the third chapter, I analyze the performance of two alternative systems of social security, within the framework of a model with heterogeneous agents in terms of wealth. The agents are subject to a risk of unemployment, and the planner can provide insurance through a redistibutive tax system, based on a progressive tax and / or unemployment insurance. The progressive tax system is superior in terms of aggregate welfare to the insurance provided through unemployment benefits, through its effect on the functioning of the labor market

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Hirte, Georg, and Stefan Tscharaktschiew. "Does labor supply modeling affect findings of transport policy analyses?" Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-175627.

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The transport and urban economics literature applies different labor supply approaches when studying economic or planning instruments. Some studies assume that working hours are endogenous while the number of workdays is given, whereas others model only decisions on workdays. Unfortunately, empirical evidence does hardly exist on account of missing data. Against this background, we provide an assessment of whether general effects of transport policies are robust against the modeling of leisure demand and labor supply. We introduce different labor supply approaches into a spatial general equilibrium model and discuss how they affect the welfare implication of congestion policies. We, then, perform simulations and find that in many cases the choice of labor supply modeling not only affects the magnitude of the policy impact but also its direction. While planning instruments are suggested to be quite robust to different labor supply approaches, the way of modeling labor supply may crucially affect the overall welfare implications of economic instruments such as congestion tolls. Based on these findings it becomes clear which labor supply approach is the most appropriate given specific conditions. Our study also emphasizes the need for better micro labor market data that also feature days of sickness, overtime work used to reduce workdays, the actual number of leave days, part-time work, days with telecommuting etc.

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She, Powen. "Essays on career mobility in the UK labour market." Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/19955/.

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This thesis consists of three substantial chapters on topics related to occupational and industrial mobility. Using quarterly data of the Labour Force Survey (LFS) from 1992 to 2013, Chapter 2 documents the mobility across occupations and industries (referred to as career change). The findings suggest that occupational and industrial mobility are surprisingly high. Both occupational and industrial mobility are procyclical. The majority of instances of career change are associated with wage growth. During an expansion, a career changer's wage grows more than someone who stays in their career. However, this does not apply if the career changer was unemployed and then hired during a recession. The evidence suggests that career mobility during a business cycle is important for understanding the labour market flows and wage growth. The use of interviewing method may affect the accuracy of the data. The dependent interviewing is introduced in the survey, and is helpful in reducing the measurement errors. Chapter 3 uses data from British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and UK Household Longitudinal Survey (UKHLS) to examine the robustness of the results obtained by using LFS. The procyclicality of occupational and industrial mobility are reassured when the change of interviewing method is controlled for. The further detailed occupational and industrial classification is applied, and the pro-cyclicality of occupational and industrial mobility is found in the further detailing of classifications. Given the solid evidence found in Chaper 2 and 3, Chapter 4 develops a theoretical model to understand the mechanism of workers' reallocation. Aggregate productivity shock, sectoral productivity shock and preference shock are included in order to investigate reallocation through business cycle, net mobility and gross mobility respectively. This model shows the procyclicality of gross mobility between sectors, which is consistent with the findings in Chapter 2 and 3. This chapter also explains the higher level of unemployment during recession. This thesis undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the occupational and industrial mobility in the UK using both empirical and theoretical methods. Limitations of this thesis and suggestions for future research are provided.

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Tse, Sau-kuen, and 謝秀娟. "Labour policy and the protection of the legal entitlements of private sector employees." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964163.

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Ko, Jang Wan. "Performance standards and labor market outcomes of postsecondary career and technical education in Missouri /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3091938.

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Ekong, Samuel Effiong. "Nigerian Policy on Child Labor: An Evaluation of the Education Sector Preparedness for Effective Policy Implementation." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1886.

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A number of studies have been conducted about policy failures in Nigeria; however, little is known about the state of stakeholders' readiness to implement any government policy. Using the functionalist theory of Durkheim and the infrastructure theory of Frischmann, the purpose of this exploratory case study was to evaluate the level of preparedness of the education sector to implement the Nigerian policy on child labor, which was adopted on September 11, 2013, by the federal executive council of Nigeria. Preparedness in this study was conceptualized as the ability of the education sector to absorb children of school-going-age who quit all forms of child labor activities and return to formal education in schools. Open-ended interviews elicited narratives from 30 participants purposefully drawn from the Northern, Central, and Southern Uruan Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom State. Interview data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed for emergent themes. The findings revealed that schools were evenly dispersed within the Uruan Local Government Area. However, the state of infrastructure in the schools, particularly in the rural communities, was in a condition of neglect with a high teacher-pupil ratio. There was a low incidence of child labor but a weak government enforcement strategy, particularly in the interior/riverine areas of the research population. This study leads to positive social change by creating awareness among policy makers that the various stakeholders in any public policy need to be equipped with adequate resources to minimize the incidence of policy failure in Nigeria.

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Onaran, Özlem, and Nursel Aydiner-Avsar. "The controversy over employment policy: Low labor costs and openness, or demand policy? A sectoral analysis for Turkey." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2006. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1464/1/document.pdf.

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The purpose of this paper is to test the effects of labor cost, openness, and demand side variables on employment for the case of Turkey using the panel data of private manufacturing industry at three digit level for 25 sectors for the period of 1973-2001. We use a seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model, which allows for cross-sectoral heterogeneity. The estimation results show that higher growth is more effective in stimulating employment compared to lower labor costs. The reliance of Turkey and many developing countries on labor market flexibility and openness as the unique tools of employment policy reflects a pro-capital incomes policy bias rather than a necessity. The results confirm the Keynesian emphasis on demand-side policies to fight against unemployment.
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

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Luk, Wai-ling. "An analysis of Hong Kong's labour importation policy for skilled workers since 1989." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18635611.

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Ip, King-ming Olivia. "The building of labour market in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone : and its impact on workplace industrial relations and human resources /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18540077.

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Leung, Kit-ming. "From Labour shortage to rising unemployment : viewing the labour market of Hong Kong in the 1990s from a human resource management perspective /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18024543.

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Chan, Ha-kwan Nikkiter, and 陳夏鈞. "Labour policy in Hong Kong in the 90'." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3196610X.

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Masuyama, Mei. "Policy Alternatives to Employment Overwork in Japan." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2232.

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Japanese workers are facing a threat of literal death from working too hard. In 1978, karōshi, defined as death or severe disability from overwork, was added to the Japanese dictionary. Japan is recognized as having one of the worst working conditions in the developed world with awfully long working hours. This thesis deconstructs the underlying psychological, cultural and economic reasons that contribute to the long working hours in Japanese companies. Then, this thesis examines the previous and current efforts by the Japanese, South Korean and German governments to reduce working hours in their countries to prevent the fatal consequences of overwork. It concludes by recommending the Japanese government to continue the research on overtime and death, raise awareness through education and outreach, enforce strict labor laws, and to adopt a method of flexible working hours.

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Mostafavi, Dehzooei Mohammad Hadi. "Essays in Labor and Development Economics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82718.

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This dissertation provides program evaluation and policy analysis evidence from USA and Iran. The first chapter studies the impact of paid leave legislation on women employment. We employ California’s first-in-the-nation Paid Family Leave program to draw inference using difference-in-differences and triple differences methods. The change in the employment outcomes for women before and after this program is compared to the change in similar outcomes for a set of control groups. We find that women’s employment increased in the intensive margin but not extensive margin. We also find that wages increased for married prime-age and decreased for highly educated young women. The second chapter provides evidence on the impact of a nation-wide unconditional cash transfer program in Iran on labor supply. As compensation for the removal of bread and energy subsidies in 2011, the government of Iran started monthly deposits of cash into individual family accounts amounting to 29% of the median household income. A popular outcry against the subsidy reform program has focused on the negative labor supply effects of the cash transfers on the poor. We use panel data to study the impact of these transfers on the labor supply of poor households and individuals during the first two years of the program, before inflation reduced their value. We use the exogenous variation in the value of the cash transfers relative to household income to estimate the impact of the transfers on labor supply of individuals using fixed effects method. We also use a difference-in-differences methodology using the variation in the time households first started receiving transfers. Although everyone was eligible to receive cash transfers starting January 2011, about 20 percent of the households who for one reason or another did not submit their application in time, started receiving it three months later. Neither set of results support the hypothesis that cash transfers reduced labor supply as measured by hours of work or probability of employment. The third chapter analyses what happens to the welfare of households and the budget of the government if it implements further price reforms in Iran. Five years into the reform, energy prices in Iran were still well below international levels. The impacts of a gradualist approach to price increase versus a one-off approach are simulated in this chapter. Under the gradualist approach government savings (reduction in foregone earnings) from selling subsidized items will increase by 20.2 trillion Rials or 0.18 percent of GDP in 2014. Half of these savings is needed as transfers to households to keep the poverty rate constant by paying each person 17,059 Rials per month. A one-off price increase would have a large effect on poverty and would require transfers equivalent to 203,775 Rials per person per month. Government savings after transfers would equal 96.4 trillion Rials or 0.87 percent of GDP.
Ph. D.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Career in labor policy'

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