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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Caregivers Alzheimer's disease'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Doran, Florence Louise 1934. "Alzheimer's disease: Perceptions of husband caregivers." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291859.

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This exploratory study was designed to describe, analyze and understand from the perspective of a primary caregiver husband, what it is like to care for a wife with middle stage Alzheimer's Disease. Using the ethnographic approach, three spouses with wives suffering from Alzheimer's Disease were interviewed and two spouses were observed in their home during one dinnertime period. Analysis of data yielded five domains of meaning: lifestyle change concerns, helplessness/powerlessness, care for own, concerns for future and coping. Two cultural themes emerged as "alone" and "hopeless". Implications for nursing practice include increasing the awareness and understanding among health care professionals of the desperate nature of the caregiver' s burden. Additionally, the caregiver's coping skills need to be maintained and enhanced as they "care for their own" and attempt to keep themselves mentally and physically healthy.

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2

Lipkowitz, Rochelle. "Alzheimer's disease : the conflict of the caregiver : a grounded theory study /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1991. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/11041730.

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Thesis (Ed.D)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1991.
Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Patricia L. Munhall. Dissertation Committee: Elizabeth H. Tucker. Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-161).

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3

Salinas, Maureen R. "Caregiver Burden and Depressive Symptoms in Hispanic Caregivers of Alzheimer's Disease Patients." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/795.

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Caregiving for a close family member with Alzheimer’s disease is a stressful situation to be in, that often leads to high levels of caregiver burden and subsequent stress and depressive symptoms, and while there are numerous community and government resources available to caregivers, there are aspects of Hispanic cultures that may lead Hispanic caregivers to have higher levels of caregiver burden and depressive symptoms than White caregivers. 80 Hispanic caregivers and 80 White caregivers, with 40 males and 40 females within each group, will be recruited to participate in this study. Scales will be administered to both Hispanic and White caregivers in order to assess levels of caregiver burden, depressive symptoms, familism values, gender role beliefs, acculturation levels, and knowledge, comfort, and use of community resources. Hispanic caregivers will have higher levels of caregiver burden and depressive symptom scores than White caregivers, while women will have higher scores overall than men overall. Hispanic caregivers will have less knowledge, comfort, and use of community resources than White caregivers, while gender role views, familism values, and acculturation levels will be mediating factors of these relationships. Cultural differences in caregiver burden need to be assessed further, so that clinical and practical implications for community and government resources can be discussed.

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4

Ramsey, Nina Sharp. "Caregiver coping with dementia : relationships among patient characteristics, caregiver coping styles, and consequences of caregiving /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11178.

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5

Vasseur, Janis S. "The geographical implications of Alzheimer's disease : an examination of the impact that Alzheimer's disease hs on family caregivers in Connecticut /." Abstract Full Text (PDF), 2008. http://eprints.ccsu.edu/archive/00000509/02/1965FT.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2008.
Thesis advisor: Cynthia Pope. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geography." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-90). Also available via the World Wide Web.

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6

Jones, Phyllis L. (Phyllis Lee). "Caregivers' Appraisal of Alzheimer's Disease Symptoms and the Relationship to Decisions About Care." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278991/.

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The purpose of the present study was to compare 42 community-dwelling spouse and child Alzheimer's Disease caregivers with 38 community-dwelling potential caregivers on salience of illness symptoms, and accuracy of judging symptoms of illnesses.

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7

Hanna, Essam. "Psychoeducational program for Alzheimer's disease caregivers| A grant proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1586506.

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The purpose of this project was to write a grant to fund a psychoeducational program for caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The goals of this program are to: (a) increase their knowledge about (AD) and the caregiving role, (b) increase their skills in caregiving individuals with (AD), (c) enhance their competence as caregivers, and (d) decrease caregiver distress. An extensive literature review was performed to assess the needs of caregivers and support the method of this proposed program. Archstone Foundation was identified as a potential funder for this program. Tri-City Mental Health Center (TCMHC) in Pomona is selected as the host agency for this psychoeducational program. The psychoeducational program will consist of 2-hours sessions delivered once a week for 6 weeks, providing both educational and supportive interventions. Actual submission of the grant was not required for successful completion of this project.

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8

Taylor, Karen Jackqueline. "Impacting the awareness of God's presence within the challenges of giving full time care to one diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p028-0274.

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9

Wisneski, Jennifer Lynne. "Social Support, Gender, and Burden in Caregivers of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4898.

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There are 15.9 million adults in the United States providing care to a family member diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Family member caregivers experience detrimental physical and mental health stress because of their caregiving role. The purpose of this study was to determine if the independent variables of marital status, perceived social support, and gender of family member caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease were related to the dependent variable of caregiver burden. The variables were examined through the lens of John Bowlby's attachment theory using archival data (n = 586) from the REACH II program. The results of the analysis of variance indicated that marital status did not affect level of burden. The outcome of a correlational analysis indicated a positive linear association between burden and social support. The result of an independent samples t test was that females reported higher burden than males. The outcome of a linear regression identified marital status, social support, and gender as predictors of caregiver burden. Positive social change implications of this study include contributing to scholarly literature, providing information for families to consider when implementing a plan for long-term care, and encouraging caregivers to seek professional support to minimize burden and maximize quality of life for themselves and the care receiver. Female caregivers with many social supports were identified as high risk for severe burden, an important factor for clinicians, agencies, and healthcare providers who work with family caregivers to consider. Identifying factors that contribute to burden and developing strategies to manage these factors may reduce severity of burden and improve quality of life for both caregivers and care recipients.

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10

Shaunfield, Sara. ""The Long Goodbye": Uncertainty Management in Alzheimer's Caregivers." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc67947/.

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Caregivers for individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) shoulder a remarkably complex burden as compared to other caregivers of elderly individuals. For long distance caregivers, geographical separation further compounds the problems experienced by AD caregivers, as they are isolated from family members and support networks. Both on-site and long-distance AD caregivers experience uncertainty; the findings from this study illustrate how AD caregivers manage the uncertainty of the disease and primary care, as well as how uncertainty differs between on-site and long-distance caregivers. AD caregiver (N = 13) interviews were transcribed and qualitatively analyzed using uncertainty management theory as a thematic lens. The analysis revealed that AD caregivers experience overwhelming feelings of burden, guilt, and doubt; however, these feelings manifest differently depending on caregiver type. The findings of this study demonstrate that sources for obtaining information regarding AD and caregiving were useful for on-site caregivers; however, the sources did not account for the needs of long-distance caregivers or the psychosocial needs of on-site caregivers. Furthermore, AD caregivers did not seek support or information about AD and caregiving from health care professionals. Implications for future research regarding long-distance and on-site AD caregiving are discussed.

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11

Bizzell, Laurie. "Stressors, Resources, and Psychological Symptomatology for Family Caregivers of Alzheimer's Patients." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500551/.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between life stressors, resources, and psychological symptomatology of 20 family caregivers of Alzheimer's patients. Stressors were categorized as stressors specific to the caregiving role and general life stressors. Resources were also categorized as resources specific to the caregiving role and general life resources. Multiple regression determined which stressors, resources, and demographic variables predicted psychological symptomatology. Specific stressors that were significant predictors included: caregiving events, caregiving event chronicity, and mean burden scores. Significant general stressors included: size of caregivers' household, non-caregiving events and non-caregiving event chronicity. Significant resources included: other caregivers, the duties other caregivers provided, and caregiver's educational level. No Other Demographic Variables were found to be significant predictors.

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12

Anderson, Cristina L. (Cristina Lee). "Caregiver Personality as a Contributing Factor in Caregiver Burden." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500270/.

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Personality characteristics of spousal and adult children and active potential caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's Disease were studied in order to better predict caregiver burden and aspects of well-being. Contrary to prediction, no differences were found between spouse and adult children active caregivers on measures of well-being. Additionally, adult children potential caregivers indicated feeling less control over their lives than spouse potential caregivers. When social desirability was controlled, active caregivers reported greater fluctuations in affect than did potential caregivers. As predicted, personality characteristics of individuals were found to have the biggest role in determining which individuals experience stress or burden.

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13

Parker, Lillian D. "A Study about Older African American Spousal Caregivers of Persons with Alzheimer's Disease." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nursing_diss/6.

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The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was threefold: (a) to assess the relationships between boundary ambiguity, spirituality, marital relationship quality, and caregiver strain and depression among older African American spousal caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD); (b) to identify which variables are the best predictors of caregiver strain; and (c) to identify which variables are the best predictors of depression. The sample consisted of 25 female and 15 male spouses, who were ages 60 to 87. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. Marital relationship quality was correlated with the two dependent variables, caregiver strain and depression. In hierarchical multiple regression, a model containing gender, years since spouse’s diagnosis with AD and marital relationship quality predicted 40% of the variance in caregiver strain. Marital relationship quality was the only significant predictor for depression. The model containing marital relationship quality predicted 22% of the variance in depression. Additional findings were that participants scored high on the spirituality measure, that years since diagnosis of AD was negatively correlated with boundary ambiguity, spirituality, and caregiver strain, that there was a significant decrease in the quality of the marital relationship since the spouse became a caregiver, and that almost half had no help with caregiving. There was limited support for the proposed conceptual model, therefore, a revised model was proposed. Based on the study results, in dealing with spouses who are providing caregiving to AD patients, nurses need to assess the quality of the marital relationship, and to recognize that the longer the spouse is a caregiver the greater the strain and depression, and that community resources need to be mobilized to assist the spouse with caregiving. A depression screen and marital assessment may provide cues regarding psychosocial needs of spousal caregivers.

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14

Brown, Sharon Danielle. "THE PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF STRESS ON CAREGIVERS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE VICTIMS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276489.

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This thesis focused on the physiological impact of uncertainty on caregivers of Alzheimer's disease victims. A convenience sample of 30 subjects was used. The uncertainty level was assessed using Parent's Perception of Uncertainty in Illness Scale. Physiological arousal was determined by assaying urinary cortisol and catecholamine levels. The results of the study showed that uncertainty and physiological stress were inversely related. This led to the conclusion that uncertainty was beneficial in that it offered a degree of hope. Knowledge of the disease process increased the stress perceived due to the devastation of Alzheimer's disease and its incurable state. Younger individuals had higher physiological stress than older individuals for comparable amounts of uncertainty. Multiple reasons for this finding are postulated. They include the thought that the younger caregivers may fear developing the disease. It also may be that younger individuals need certainty about the future.

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15

Duncan, Marie Theresa. "Alzheimer's Disease Caregivers: The Transition from Home Care to Formal Care." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3228.

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When family members no longer have the capacity to meet Alzheimer's Disease (AD) caregiving demands at home, a move to a nursing home or other formal care facility becomes the only solution. Recognizing this as a time of transition, three research questions were identified: (1) What do family caregivers to AD individuals experience as they shift their caregiving from home to formal care settings? (2) How does caregiving in formal care differ from caregiving at home? and (3) How do family caregivers perceive the relationships that develop between families and formal care staff? Specific attention was paid to the experiences of spouses and adult children. Using a qualitative approach, two specific bodies of data were investigated. First, transcripts of a series of 30 focus groups with 179 caregivers, and second, ten follow-up interviews were analyzed. Both spouses and adult children overwhelmingly identified physical exhaustion and often emotional exhaustion as the pervasive common experience. After reaching this state, caregivers identified the pivotal nature of events in contributing to placement. These kinds of events turn out to be more like turning points than crises. Caregivers in this study identified five themes that were influential in their decision-making process. In order of their importance to the caregivers, they were: events, the health care system, caregiver-care receiver relationship, support, and options and availability. A male spouse caregiver was likely to cite a turning point event centered on an incontinence problem, while for a female spouse caregiver, it was an AD safety issue. The health care system was usually a negative influence and served to delay the placement decision. Immediately, after placement, family caregivers noted shifts in control, involvement and personal reorganization. Family caregivers frequently noted the development of a caregiving relationship with staff. The individuals whom the family caregivers mentioned most often were the aides. Their bottom line was that staff deliver quality care, which they equated with caring about the resident rather than only taking care of them. The findings from this study have implications for theory development, family caregivers, formal care staff, and health care policy.

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16

Cooper, Claudia. "Coping, anxiety and depression in caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444615/.

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Background: There have been few longitudinal studies investigating the impact of coping on psychological morbidity in caregivers of people with dementia (CG), and those have conflicting or unreplicated findings. About a quarter of caregivers of people with dementia (CG) experience clinically significant anxiety, but anxiety is relatively neglected in this group.;Main Hypothesis: The relationship between burden at baseline (T1) and anxiety a year later will be mediated by more dysfunctional coping strategies, and less emotion-focussed and problem-focussed coping strategies at T1.;Methods: 126 people with Alzheimer's disease and their family carers were recruited, of whom 93(73.8%) were re-interviewed a year later. Sampling was designed to ensure that the participants were representative of people living in the UK with Alzheimer's disease in terms of dementia severity, gender and care setting. I used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to measure carer anxiety, and the Brief COPE to measure coping strategies, to explore our hypothesis that the relationship between carer burden and anxiety and depression is mediated by coping style.;Results: Using relatively fewer emotion-focussed strategies and more problem-focussed strategies mediated the relationship between caregiver burden and anxiety a year later, after controlling for potential confounders. Using fewer emotion focussed strategies also predicted higher psychological morbidity in general. More use of dysfunctional coping strategies mediated this relationship cross-sectionally but not on longitudinal analysis.;Conclusion: Carers who used more emotion-focussed coping strategies in response to carer burden were protected from having higher anxiety levels a year later, while those using problem-focussed strategies were not. Most current psychological interventions are based on problem-solving coping strategies, but our results suggest that a psychological intervention package to encourage emotion-focussed coping may be a rational approach to reduce anxiety in dementia carers. Studies are needed to test such interventions.

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17

Jönsson, Linus. "Economic evaluation of treatments for Alzheimer's disease /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-724-x.

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18

Thayer-Huffmeyer, Angelia K. "Caregiver needs of the Alzheimer's victim." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1061868.

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is among the most prevalent of the dementias and it is anticipated that much of the care required for the dependent patient will be provided in the home setting by a caregiver. The purpose of this study was to identify the importance of needs related to caregiving and the level of satisfaction of those needs related to the caregivers of Alzheimer's victims. The theoretical framework for this study is Dorthea Orem's "Self-Care Deficit Theory."The sample was 18 caregivers who attended one of three Alzheimer's Support Group meetings held in three central Indiana cities. Human subjects rights were protected. The Home Caregiver Needs Survey (HCNS), Hileman, 1990, was used to identify the information, household, patient psychological needs of the and care needs, personal and caregivers of Alzheimer's patients and to determine if these needs are being adequately met. Findings included: (a) the caregivers perceived the need for information, patient care, personal, spiritual, psychological need to be somewhat important to important; teach, assist and support caregivers throughout the and (b) satisfaction of the needs indicated that the caregivers were somewhat satisfied to satisfied with the needs presented. Implications call for: (a) Nursing intervention to caregiving experience. (b) Home health care agencies and senior citizens action groups to lobby for support and programs to assist caregivers.
School of Nursing

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19

Rich, Pamela Sloane. "Forget me not : a retrospective, exploratory study of daughters caring for a mother with Alzheimer's disease : a project based upon an independent investigation /." View online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/5922.

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20

Reisler, Steven E. (Steven Elliot). "Coping strategies employed by in-home family caregivers of Alzheimer's patients." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35326.

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Most demented individuals are now cared for at home by family members. The present study examined the coping strategies employed by family caregivers, their perception of burden, and the internal dialogues employed by caregivers to stressful events. Sixteen (13 females, 3 males) participants with an average age of 67.4 years were interviewed. Results indicate that caregivers who spend less hours per week caring for their care receiver perceived less overall burden and caregivers who subjectively felt that they were coping with their role tended to use more coping strategies. Caregivers' internal dialogues and comments concerning problems coping with Alzheimer's patients are included.

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21

Jackson, Stanita. "Caregivers' Perceptions of an Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease in African Americans." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2290.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is significantly more prevalent among African Americans than within the general population, but rates of early detection are lower in the African American community. Researchers have demonstrated that both pessimistic Alzheimer's-directed health beliefs, and negative perceptions of the effectiveness and the accessibility of medical care act as barriers to care seeking by African American family members of individuals with the disease. Recent research into causal judgments made by potential caregivers about individuals with undiagnosed AD suggests that gender bias and errors in attribution may constitute covert barriers to both lay and professional interpretations regarding the need for cognitive assessment. This study used grounded theory to investigate whether African American family caregivers hold integrated, gender-distinct beliefs about causal attributions of their family member's cognitive decline which may contribute to a delay in care-seeking behaviors. The health belief model was used in conjunction with the attribution theory as the conceptual framework for understanding the data. Purposive sampling of geriatric and memory clinics, and a church was used to recruit eight family caregivers who participated in in-depth interviews. The results indicated that there is a significant lack of caregivers' knowledge and understanding of AD regardless of gender, and that this lack is linked to delays in diagnosis. These results may be used to support the development of a new theory of family caregivers' knowledge and understanding of AD. The social change implications include decreasing delayed diagnosis through increased educational awareness, community outreach programs, and universal mandatory cognitive testing of AD for at-risk individuals.

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22

Counts, Margaret S. E. "A profile of Georgia caregivers to Alzheimer's disease & related disorder victims." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1986. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/749.

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The profile of caregivers to Alzheizner’s disease victims in Georgia was examined. The sample population consisted of 377 caregivers (20% of the registered members of the 16 Alzheimer’s Support Groups across the state). The findings revealed that, the majority of the caregivers are between the ages of 45 and 74 years old, they tend to be the spouse of the victim, live on a fixed income, and is experiencing emotional, physical and financial stress. The findings were analyzed utilizing tables and percent comparisons.

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23

Reid, Roxroy Anthony. "Improving the Experiences of Informal and Formal Alzheimer's Disease and Dementias Caregivers." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1209.

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Informal and formal caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) encounter a more difficult and unique set of challenges than do caregivers of individuals with general disabilities. If adequate caregiver supports are not provided, caregivers may experience increased strain as the disease progresses, increasing the likelihood of unnecessary institutionalization of their care recipients and increasing the cost to the public. Using rational choice theory and political systems theory, the purpose of this study was to differentiate between the phenomenological experiences of formal and informal caregivers of ADRD patients. The overall research was a qualitative design that used semi-structured interviews to collect data from 5 formal and 5 informal caregivers who were recommended by the local Alzheimer's association chapter. Data were analyzed using direct content analysis of recurrent themes including how policymakers might respond to needs for respite, support, and more resources. Research findings suggested more education is needed about the disease and how best to give care for both formal and informal ADRD caregivers. Furthermore, distinctions between formal caregivers and informal family caregivers and their care recipients were identified, and these details should be noted by policymakers. Informal ADRD caregivers would benefit more from the research findings. Particular benefits would include financial supports, additional funding for caregiver respites, more education, and better care methods for ADRD care recipients. These recipients are rapidly growing in numbers and pose unique 21st century socioeconomic challenges to informal caregivers.

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Light, Patricia A. "Spousal Caregivers' Challenges When Caring for Their Loved Ones Battling Alzheimer's Disease." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6452.

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In the United States, the occurrence of Alzheimer's dementia is growing. This chronic illness is highly prevalent in the elderly population. Studies have advised that the elderly population is primarily affected by this chronic illness as age progresses. Aging may lead to mental or physical deterioration. This chronic illness can be extremely challenging for the spousal caregivers involved and the challenging decisions that must be made. There remains a crucial gap in the literature concerning the challenges experienced by spousal caregivers and how they cope with these factors daily. Specifically, there are no studies exploring the perceptions of spousal caregivers and the emotions involved with long-term placement. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study was to use the grounded theory method and to explore the perceptions of 7 spousal caregivers and the emotions attached to decision making. The method involved open-ended interview questions to attain answers to the research questions involving experiences and observations of the caregiving role. Interview data were open-coded and analyzed for themes. The outcomes of this research will help aid in overcoming the challenges spouses face with the new role of spousal caregiving. This will add existing literature associated with elderly spousal caregivers and challenges faced when caring for an Alzheimer's individual. These outcomes can lead to social change and development through the implementation of positive coping strategies when dealing with the caregiving challenges and emotions attached to this role.

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Zhao, Yuxin. "Exploring the Effect of Caregiver Burden among Alzheimer's Caregivers: A Test of The Stress Process Model." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86840.

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The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is stressful for both patients and their family caregivers (FCG). As the disease progresses, the patient's memory, functioning status, and behavioral problems get worse, and the needs of the patient that must be addressed by family caregivers increase dramatically. This research examines the impact of the subjective burden with the objective stressors on FCG's depression and to determines which psychosocial resources can be used to either mediate or moderate this relationship. I examine the baseline data that was collected from 670 family caregivers of Alzheimer's patients in the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health (REACH) II clinical trial (REACH II), 2001-2004. The measurements used in the current study are caregivers' background and context factors, objective stressors, subjective burden, psychosocial resources, and symptoms of depression. Three research questions will be investigated in this study: (1) How do the caregivers' background and context factors affect FCGs experiences of objective stressors and subjective burden during the caregiving process? (2) What is the relationship between the objective stressors and subjective burdens, and what impact, if any, do they have on FCGs'depressive symptoms? (3) How do psychosocial resources mediate and or moderate the relationship between the primary stressors and FCGs'depression experiences?
Master of Science
The diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is stressful for both patients and their family caregivers (FCG). In 2018, an estimated 5.7 million Americans have been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (Alzheimer’s Association 2018). As the disease progresses, the patient’s memory, functioning status, and behavioral problems get worse, and the needs of the patient that must be addressed by family caregivers increase dramatically. As Aneshensel, Carol S., Leonard I. Pearlin, Joseph T. Mullan, Steven H. Zarit, and Carol J. Whitlatch (1995) noted in their book Profiles in Caregiving: The Unexpected Career, the role of caregiving is generally an ‘unexpected job’ for FCGs (Aneshensel et al. 1995). Based on Pearlin’s stress process model (SPM), the primary goal of my thesis is to compare the impact of the subjective burden of caregiving with that of objective stressors on FCG’s depression, and to determine whether psychosocial resources can either mediate or moderate this relationship. Objective stressors refer to the AD patient’s memory and behavior problems, his or her cognitive impairment, self-care activities, and functional status. Subjective burden is the FCG’s emotional response to objective stressors. Objective stressors and subjective burden are associated with each other, and they are primary stressors in the SPM. Psychosocial resources include FCG’s religious coping, their positive experiences of caregiving, their social networks and whether they were satisfied with social support that they received from others. The present study is important for two reasons. First, rather than focusing on subjective burden alone, the model examined how objective stressors (i.e. burden) influence mental health through their impact on subjective burden. Second, previous influential studies of the stressors of caregiving either did not include the moderating effects of psychosocial resources (Pearlin et al., 1999), or included a limited number of resources and found that they did not play a significant role in how caregiving stress influences caregivers mental health (Aneshensel et al. 1995). In my thesis, I will explore both of the mediating and moderating effects of four types of psychosocial resources. I examine the baseline data that was collected from 670 family caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients from the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer’s Caregiver Health (REACH) II clinical trial (REACH II), 2001–2004 (Schulz, Burgio, and Stevens 2006). The study participants target on FCGs who are vulnerable to the caregiving stressors. The purpose of the baseline data was to describe the AD patients’ cognitive impairment and behavior problems at the initial stage of the REACH II study, the demands caused by the impairments imposed upon FCGs, the psychosocial resources adopted by FCGs to relieve the caregiving stress, and the consequences of the primary stressors on FCGs’ daily lives. I will explore three research questions in the current study: (1) How do the caregivers’ background and context factors affect FCGs experiences of objective stressors and subjective burden during the caregiving process? (2) What is the relationship between the objective stressors and subjective burdens, and what impact, if any, do they have on FCGs’ depressive symptoms? (3) How do psychosocial resources mediate or moderate the relationship between the primary stressors and FCGs’ depression experiences? The measurements used in the current study are caregivers’ background and context factors, objective stressors, subjective burden, psychosocial resources, and symptoms of depression. Data analysis is primarily based on multiple linear regression. I will also use the post-hoc probing methods to specifically test the significance of the moderating test. There are four key findings in the present study. First, caregivers’ background and context factors have some significant associations with objective stressors and subjective burden, but overall, their impact is minimal. Second, subjective burden has a stronger impact on depressive symptoms than all of the objective stressors do. Third, subjective burden undermines all four psychosocial resources tested in the current study. Fourth, the mediating and moderating effects of psychosocial resources have a negligible impact in the caregiving stress process. Surprisingly, the effect of subjective burden on depressive symptoms among FCGs remained largely unchanged after all psychosocial resources were included in the model as mediators and moderators. In the mediational test, the effects of subjective burden on depression decreased by only 14 percent after all psychosocial resources were taken into account. Likewise, each of these psychosocial resources had only a negligible effect on moderating the impacts of stressors. The study suggests that unless there is a full understanding of the effects of these stressors on caregivers’ well-being, any interventions or preventive actions will be of limited utility. Future research should pay more attention to exploring the relationships between the subjective burden and objective stressors, and examining their different impacts on FCGs’ depression experience. Additionally, the fact that none of the psychosocial resources have a buffering effect in the caregiving process suggests that there is little in the lives of caregivers that mitigates the deleterious effects of caregiving stress on Alzheimer’s caregivers. Policymakers and mental health providers should consider the stress of caregiving, as reflected in both its objective and subjective aspects, as a major risk factor in the lives of those who care for family members with Alzheimer’s disease. Those factors may play a causal role in caregivers’ mental disorders and suicidal ideation.

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26

Vargo, Sydney. "Approaching Alzheimer's Disease through Non-Pharmacological Interventions." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1494245264098204.

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27

Kramer, Betty J. "Stress and coping of spousal caregivers to older adults with dementia : an interpersonal framework /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11173.

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Dolan, Mary L. "Living with Alzheimer's Disease: An Examination of Caregiver Coping Mechanisms." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1276009587.

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FOX, MARY VYN. "SOCIAL SUPPORT AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG SPOUSE CAREGIVERS OF DEMENTIA PATIENTS (ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188184.

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This study is an examination of the informal support systems of 40 spouse caregivers of dementia patients in relation to two variables associated with maintaining their patient at home: (1) the caregiver's experience of psychological distress, and (2) the caregiver's need for formal support. There now exists evidence to suggest that informal supports act to mediate the stress associated with caring for a dementia patient; however, research in the area of social supports has generally lacked careful definitions of the variables at work. To remedy that deficiency, distinctions were made in this study between the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of informal supports and the expressive and instrumental functions of informal supports. Initial analyses did not support the hypotheses that informal supports operate independently to buffer caregivers' experience of psychological distress and the need for formal support. However, when formal support was redefined in terms of two types of services--professional counseling services and community services--significant findings did emerge. Level of caregiver anxiety was found to be significantly related to perceived need for counseling services. Perceived need for community services was predicted by the combination of the patient's level of cognitive impairment, and the caregiver's experience of higher levels of anxiety and lower levels of informal expressive support. These results suggest that interventions directed toward the provision of services should be based on a thorough evaluation which includes the patient's level of functioning as well as the caregiver's emotional and instrumental resources. Professionals working with dementia patients and their families must be alerted to those caregivers who are at risk of severe emotional distress, and services should be provided to them before families collapse under the strain of caregiving.

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Stapleton, Greta Krahn. "Serving primary caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease : an integrated service delivery model." PDXScholar, 1986. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3687.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of nontreatable dementia, a syndrome which reflects a progressive and global impairment of memory, intellect, and other cognitive abilities. This devastating condition directly touches the lives of as many as 10 million Americans, including not only persons suffering from the disease but their primary caregivers and other family members as well. At present the course of AD cannot be halted or reversed, and no cure is known. The problem, then, is how to most effectively respond to the psychosocial needs of primary caregivers in order to help them provide the best possible care for a loved one with AD.

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31

Tu, Su-Fen. "The Relationship Between Leisure and Perceived Burden of Spouse Caregivers of Persons with Alzheimer's Disease." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501255/.

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The problem of this study was to better understand spouse caregivers' leisure involvement, experience, and barriers and their relationships with perceived burden. Thirty-six wife and 19 husband caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders volunteered to participate in this study, either by mailed questionnaire or interview. Respondents were primarily female, white, with an average age of 72 years. The conclusions of the study were: (a) caregivers significantly reduce both their leisure involvement; (b) self-reported health, perceived social supports, income level, use of paid help, and leisure activity patterns are major factors associated with caregivers' leisure; and (c) leisure barriers are a significant contributor to caregivers' perceived burden. Recommendations were presented for caregivers, practitioners, and future study.

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Perry, JoAnn. "A study of women caregiving to husbands who have Alzheimer's disease : family know-how as a process of interpretive caring /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7296.

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Driskill, Gail. "Effects of an Intervention Program on Caregiver Coping Efficacy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500883/.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an intervention program for Alzheimer's patients on coping efficacy of their family caregivers. Using a pre-post repeated measures design, 16 family caregivers were interviewed before and after a medical, nursing, and social service intervention. Self-report measures, adjusted for caregiver satisfaction and caregiver mastery, were used to determine if there was a change in: resources, burden, and coping efficacy with caregiver specific and general life events. Results showed a marginal effect [F = 2.6, df(4,10), p<.10] for the omnibus MANCOVA. Most of this change was due to an increase in resources. Covariates of caregiver satisfaction and mastery were correlated with average burden. Results suggest that interventions such as this will be helpful for family caregivers of Alzheimer's patients.

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Warner, Judy A. "Perceptions of family caregivers of non-institutionalized Alzheimer's patients about support groups." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1133742.

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The purpose of this descriptive study was to document and analyze the perceptions of family caregivers of non-institutionalized Alzheimer's patients about the benefits and limitations of Alzheimer's support groups. Survey methodology was used to survey caregivers and support group leaders from eight Alzheimer's support groups in the central Indiana area. Several of the major findings challenge the literature. These findings are as follows: The majority of caregivers attended the support group to receive information. None of the caregivers attended the support group due to frustration, and only one caregiver responded that relieving frustration was a benefit of participating in the support group. A majority of caregivers and support group leaders were positive about mixed (spouses and adult children) support groups. A majority of caregivers responded that they did not have guilt, anger, fears about caregiving in the future, or stress concerning their caregiving responsibilities. The study generated several implications that can be used by planners to improve support groups.
Department of Educational Leadership

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Mitchell, Clare C. "Predicting the volume of services used by working caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease." online version, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=case1224127125.

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36

Pickett, Crystal Yvette. "A descriptive study to determine the emotional effects of Alzheimer's disease on family caregivers." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1995. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2948.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the stressors and experiences of caregivers while providing care to a loved one suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. The sample for this study consisted of thirty respondents who provide care to demented loved ones. They resided in Fulton County, and Dekalb County, Georgia. Original instruments consisting of twenty-one questions were mailed to several family support group leaders in the Atlanta Area Chapter Alzheimer’s Association. The results were analyzed utilizing frequency distributions, means, standard deviations and Pearson’s ‘r’ Correlation Coefficient. The findings of this study revealed that there was no statistically significant relationship between a family member suffering from Alzheimer’s disease and emotional distress experienced by family caregivers.

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Straw, Lorraine B. "Impact of Alzheimer's disease on family caregivers : support group participation and other predictor variables /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487585645578764.

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38

Janas, Monica A. "Control, introversion, and social support: a model of loneliness in Alzheimer's caregivers." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76518.

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Loneliness in caregivers of Alzheimer's family members was examined through the use of an explanatory model. Stepwise multiple regression was used to test the association between characterological variables (introversion and control), situational variables (social support), demographics (income), and self-reported loneliness in a statewide mail survey of 190 caregivers. Results indicated that introversion, control, social support, and income account for almost two-thirds of the variance in loneliness. An interesting finding was that higher income was associated with higher levels of loneliness in the caregivers. Implications for practice are discussed and recommendations for future research are suggested.
Ph. D.

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Shaw, William S. "The effect of inhibition of hostility on blood pressure in stressed Alzheimer caregivers /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9907596.

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40

Walker, Albertina LaShonda. "A Story to Tell among Minority Alzheimer's Patient Caregivers: A Phenomenological Study." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4573.

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The level of burden experienced by caregivers of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease is high. Studies that examine this burden by taking into account cultural and spiritual differences are limited, particularly with regard to minority populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the burden and challenges faced by minority caregivers providing in-home care to Alzheimer's patients. Guided by social support theory, a phenomenological study design was used with semi-structured interviews of 12 caregivers to examine their perspectives on the burden and challenges they face, including their lived experiences, cultural and spiritual values, and interaction with health professionals. Thematic analysis in an inductive way was used to analyze the collected qualitative data. The results of the analyses of the collected data showed that cultural and spiritual values are important in making decisions, as caregivers in minority populations face daily challenges in terms of limited social support and resources. The findings of this study suggest that public health interventions aimed at alleviating the burden on Alzheimer's caregivers need to take into account differences in cultural and spiritual values. Findings also show that there is a need for social support programs that reduce the burden on caregivers in general and on the minority population in particular. The findings of this study may drive positive social change by helping public health workers design and implement programs that consider differences in the cultural and spiritual values of minority populations while garnering the resources to provide the needed social support and alleviate the burden faced by the family member caregivers.

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Stanley, Vicki J. "Decision-Making Processes of Primary Informal Caregivers Regarding Care Recipients' Moves to Memory Care." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/gerontology_theses/25.

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Most persons with a dementia are cared for in the home by family members who experience a broad and considerable amount of stress and whose caregiving careers may include planning for or initiating moves to memory care units (MCUs). This study examines the decision-making processes of primary informal caregivers regarding their care recipients' moves to MCUs. Grounded theory methods were used to collect and analyze data in two long-term care (LTC) facilities varying in characteristics including capacity, state licensure, fees, and resident profiles. Specific aims are two-fold: 1) advance an understanding of how primary informal caregivers of persons with a dementia made decisions for formal memory care, and 2) identify the important factors related to the decision-making process.

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Jensen, Sharon Kelly. "Assessing the effects of communication counseling for caregivers of individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer's type." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1050346490.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 117 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-53).

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43

Peirce, Erin L. "A Qualitative Study of Non-Caregiving Adult Children's Experiences of a Parent's Alzheimer's Disease." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31175.

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Although there is abundant research on the etiology of Alzheimerâ s disease and its impact on primary caregivers, there is relatively little research that examines the consequences of the disease for entire families, and no literature that exclusively studies the experiences of non-caregiving family members. Seeking to explore the experience of non-caregivers, this qualitative study examined how adult children of an Alzheimerâ s patient who were not the caregiver for their parent experienced the onset and progression of the disease. Using the guiding theoretical frameworks of phenomenology, family systems theory, and ambiguous loss, in-depth interviews were conducted with three individuals and were coded for themes. The main themes found included externalization of symptoms, belief in the Alzheimerâ s diagnosis, acceptance, flexibility, sibling and parental relationships, communication, planning, shared family philosophy, family of origin roles, and boundary ambiguity. Implications for clinical practice and suggestions for future research are included.
Master of Science

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44

Ho, Bertha. "Chinese female family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease, feelings about their experiences of providing care." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ50471.pdf.

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45

Gibson, Allison K. "Examining the Experiences of Caregivers During the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275071723.

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46

Toney, Sharlene. "Factors influencing surrogate end-of-life healthcare decision-making for a family member with Alzheimer's disease." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12152006-151721/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.
Title from title screen. Cecelia G. Grindel, committee chair; Laura P. Kimble, Frank Whittington, Carolyn Kee, committee members. Electronic text (220 p. : ill.). Description based on contents viewed May 2, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-136).

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Aré́valo-Flechas, Lyda Consuelo. "Factors influencing Latino/Hispanic caregivers' perception of the experience of caring for a relative with Alzheimer's disease a dissertation /." San Antonio : UTHSC, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com.libproxy.uthscsa.edu/pqdweb?did=1564020851&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=70986&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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48

Thacker, Herminia Soriano. "The Life Changes that Adult Daughters go through when they Become Primary Caregivers to Parents with Alzheimer's Disease." NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04272004-163924/.

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A case study analysis was used to investigate the changes in the lives of adult daughters when they became primary caregivers to parents with Alzheimer's disease. This research also explored beliefs, feelings, and perceptions of participants about their role. Based on in-depth and face-to-face interviews with 21 adult daughters and two daughters-in-law, this study argues that although intergenerational caregiving is accepted as a part of membership in families, it is also a source of family disharmony and conflicts. Family nursing is considered a burden based on the length of service. The scope of the changes in the lives of adult daughters/caregivers ranges from living arrangements, family relationships, young children, personal affairs, social activities, employment and economics, health of caregiver to religion. Although caring for AD patients is rigorous, highly stressful, and filled with demanding challenges, the findings of this study show that a majority of adult caregivers would do it all over.

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Downes, Edith A. "Spiritual companions for Alzheimers patients and those persons with other forms of dementia." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2002. http://www.tren.com.

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Whitlatch, Ann Marie. "The relationships of perceived stress, coping strategies, and specifically religiosity on subjective well-being of family caregivers for individuals affected by Alzheimer's disease." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1300465027.

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