Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Carence en fer chez l'enfant'
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Sanou, Dia. "Impact d'une intervention alimentaire sur le statut en fer d'un groupe d'orphelins et enfants vulnérables d'âge préscolaire du Burkina Faso." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25508/25508.pdf.
Full textTahir, Emad. "Determinants of iron status and anemia, and the associations between iron status and divalent metals among children aged 3 to 19 years old from four First Nations communities in Quebec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67931.
Full textContext: In First Nations communities, anemia and iron deficiency (ID) are frequent pediatric conditions with diverse adverse health outcomes. Iron is a divalent metal that shares absorptive pathways with cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in the gastrointestinal tract; ID upregulates their uptake and likely their toxicity in humans. The present study examines the prevalence of anemia, ID and their determinants as well as study associations between ID status and other divalent metals among First Nations youth. METHODS: The 2015, First Nation Youth Environment and Health (JES!-YEH!) pilot study was conducted among children and teenagers (3 to 19 y, n = 198) from four First Nations communities in Quebec. Blood, hair, urine samples and anthropometric measurements were collected. Hemoglobin, serum ferritin (SF), blood Cd, Pb, Mn, and Co, plasma Zn and hs-CRP, hair Mn and urinary cotinine levels were measured. Determinants (including traditional and market food consumption) were assessed using an interview-administered questionnaire, based on which nutritional intakes were calculated. Descriptive analyses were performed, and structural equation models were used to test associations. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia and ID was elevated (17.7% and 20.8% respectively) in JES!-YEH! study participants. Traditional meats, fruit and fruit juice consumption (natural and powdered) - via their positive association with vitamin C intake - were the food variables positively associated with SF. Male sex was also associated with higher SF. The inflammatory status was associated with lower hemoglobin, while higher SF was in turn associated with higher hemoglobin. As for SF, fruit and juice consumption were positively associated with hemoglobin, via vitamin C intake and SF, and this although, most participants presented sufficient iron and vitamin C intakes. Blood Mn was significantly higher than in the Canadian Health Measures Survey of the same age groups, and SF was inversely associated with blood Co and Mn. Again, fruits and juice consumption were inversely associated with blood Mn via vitamin C intake and SF. No significant association between SF and other divalent metals was found. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that interventions fighting inflammation and fostering healthier food environments as well as higher consumption of traditional meats and foods naturally rich in vitamin C, which is known to enhance iron absorption, could decrease anemia and ID and ultimately, restore blood Mn and Co homeostasis. Key words: Childhood anemia; iron deficiency; First Nations; vitamin C; inflammation; manganese; cobalt.
Alaofè, Halimatou. "Évaluation d'une intervention nutritionnelle visant à prévenir l'anémie ferriprive chez des adolescentes pensionnaires au Bénin." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20322.
Full textDes prélèvements sangums et de selles, un questionnaire sur la fréquence de consommation des aliments riches en fer et en vitamine C, un questionnaire général portant sur les aspects socio-économiques et sanitaires, ainsi que sur les connaissances nutritionnelles ont été administrés à 180 adolescentes béninoises âgées de 12 à 17 ans pensionnaires au lycée Toffa 1 er (n=80) et au CEG1 de Ouidah (n=100). La prévalence d'anémie, de carence en fer et d'anémie ferriprive était respectivement de 50,6, 31 , 7 et 23,9%. Les connaissances nutritionnelles et la consommation d'aliments riches en fer et en vitamine C étaient faibles. L'anémie ferriprive était plus élevée chez les adolescentes issues d'une famille >5. personnes et dont la mère occupait un travail manuel. Des 180 adolescentes sélectionnées précédemment, 34 filles du lycée Toffa 1er souffrant d'anémie ferriprive légère ont constitué le groupe d' intervention et ont été soumises à une intervention nutritionnelle comprenant 4 leçons d'éducation nutritionnelle et un menu riche en fer biodisponible à la cafétéria scolaire (apport médian cible de l , 90 mg) pendant 22 semaines, tandis que le groupe témoin a continué à s' alimenter de façon habituelle (n=34, CEG 1 de Ouidah). Des prélèvements sanguins et de selles, ainsi que des rappels de 48 heures ont été effectués en pré et en post-intervention. Le groupe témoin a bénéficié d'une formule sanguine après Il semaines afin d' éliminer les sujets souffrant d'anémie ferriprive modérée ou sévère. En post-intervention, le groupe d' intervention avait des apports plus élevés en fer et en vitamine C (P<0,05) et des meilleurs scores de connaissances nutritionnelles (P
Berger, Jacques. "L'anémie chez l'enfant dans les pays en développement : étude de deux modèles au Togo et en Bolivie." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20016.
Full textMireku, Michael Osei. "The effects of anemia during pregnancy and its risk factors on the cognitive development of one-year-old children in Benin." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066156/document.
Full textThe aim was to investigate the impact of anemia during pregnancy and its risk factors on the cognitive development children.Our cohort included 636 mother-singleton child pairs from 828 eligible pregnant women who were enrolled during their first antenatal care (ANC) visit in Allada, Benin, into a clinical trial comparing two malarial drugs. Ferritin and hemoglobin (Hb) level were assessed at the first and second ANC visit of at least one-month interval and at delivery. Stool samples of pregnant women were tested for helminths using the Kato-Katz method. All women were given 600 mg of mebendazole to be taken after the first ANC visit. Cognitive and motor functions of one-year-old children were assessed using Mullen Scales of Early Learning.The prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) at first and second ANC visits, and at delivery was 30.5%, 34.0% and 28.4%, respectively. Prevalence of helminth infection was 11.5%, 7.5% and 3.0% at first, second ANC visits and at delivery, respectively. Prevalence of anemia decreased from 67.1% at first ANC visit to 40.1% at delivery. Hookworm infection at first ANC was associated with lower mean gross motor (GM) scores -4.9 (95% CI:-8.6;-1.3) in the adjusted model. We observed a significant negative quadratic relationship between infant GM function and Hb concentration at first and second ANC visits.Prenatal helminth infection is associated with poor with infant cognitive and motor development. However, in the presence of iron supplementation, ID is not associated with infant neurocognitive development. Further, there appears to be an Hb concentration range (90-110 g/L) that may be optimal for better GM function of one-year-old children
Lathuillière, Philippe. "Carence en fer chez la femme enceinte." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P012.
Full textNuce, de Lamothe Marie-Christine de. "Le statut en fer : rappel bibliographique et étude chez des femmes enceintes à l'île de la Réunion." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P028.
Full textDaniel, Catherine. "Métabolisme du fer chez Bilophila Wadsworthia et Acinetobacter Baumannii : étude des mécanismes de captation du fer clonage et séquencage d'un gène fur-like chez A. Baumannii." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-185.pdf.
Full textSeguela, Mathilde. "Etude de la voie de signalisation de la carence en fer chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20222.
Full textIron uptake in non-graminaceous plants is achieved in a three step process. First, protons are released from the roots to solubilize ironbefore its reduction by the FRO2 feric reductase and uptake in roots cells by IRT1 transporter. In iron deficient conditions, IRT1 and FRO2 expression is strongly increased in root epidermal cells. The regulation of these two genes is well described, nevertheless, only few molecular components of the iron deficiency pathway has been described to date. In order to isolate new components regulating the root iron uptake machinery, three different approaches were developed. A genetic screen was performed to isolate mutants affected in IRT1 regulation. One mutant was isolated and shown to be allelic to frd3. The mutation in the FRD3 gene, which encodes for a citrate effluxer in xylem, affects iron speciation in xylem and iron remobilization during germination. The potential role of hormones in iron deficiency signal transduction was investigated. Cytokinins repress IRT1 and FRO2 expression irrespective of the iron status and independently of the transcription factor FIT. Rather we provide evidence or a regulation of IRT1 by a “growth” dependent pathway. The last strategy consisted in the IRT1 promoter analysis, in order to identify cis-regulatory elements of the iron deficiency response. A 80pb region was shown to be essential and sufficient for iron deficiency response in roots. This work shed light on new regulation of IRT1 gene expression and provided tools to unravel the molecular mechanisms driving the iron deficiency response
Pouliot, Benoît. "Abc3, un transporteur vacuolaire exprimé en carence de fer chez la levure à fission." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4028.
Full textWilke, Berenice Cunha. "Carence en sélénium et ses conséquences chez l'enfant phénylcétonurique et dans la mucoviscidose." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10374.
Full textPLATTEAU, LESCROART SYLVIE, and VAN OMMESLAEGHE FRANCOISE KASZTELAN. "Carence en fer et alimentation du nourrisson : enquete chez 138 nourrissons de six a huit mois hospitalises dans les services de pediatrie des centres hospitaliers de roubaix et tourcoing de fevrier a octobre 1992." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M225.
Full textMASSON, ISABELLE, and MICHEL ROUILLE. "Pica et anemie par carence martiale chez 36 enfants reunionnais : etude effectuee au cours des annees 1981-1989." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M326.
Full textBruce, Yann. "Récepteur soluble de la transferrine et ferritine érythrocytaire : évaluation du statut martial chez l'hémodialysé." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P031.
Full textVaghefi, Nikta. "Absorption intestinale et biodisponibilité du fer héminique issu de l'hydrolyse enzymatique de l'hémoglobine bovine chez le rat." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN3001.
Full textPlante, Céline. "Statut et apports en fer chez les femmes non enceintes du Nunavik." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25265/25265.pdf.
Full textBotebol, Hugo. "Influence de la lumière et de l'horloge circadienne sur la gestion de la carence en fer chez Ostreococcus sp." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066613/document.
Full textIron is an abundant element in the earth crust and is essential for almost organisms. In the marine environment, however, its bioavailability is often low and the iron supplies sporadic. Phytoplanktonic species have developed various strategies to face iron limitation and adapt to different ecological niches. Green picoalgae from the genus Ostreococcus (Prasinophyceae) are widespread in the global ocean and numerous ecotypes have been isolated from contrasted environments. The main objective of my thesis was to identify the strategie(s) used by the genus Ostreococcus in response to iron starvation and in particular the influence of the day/night cycle and the circadian clock in the regulation of iron homeostasis. I focused my work on the lagoon ecotype, Ostreococcus tauri (Clade C), which has emerged as a model organism for functional genomics approaches thanks to the development of genetic transformation by random insertion and homologous recombination. I have studied ferritin, a protein involved in iron storage which is present throughout the tree of life. I showed that ferritin is regulated by the light/dark cycle and the circadian clock and that it is a key player in the regulation of iron uptake and the recycling. Finally, I characterized the acclimation and adaptation strategies to iron limitations of several Ostreococcus ecotypes including O.tauri, RCC802 (Clade A), RCC809 (Clade B) and a cell biomass mutant of O.tauri. The reduction of cell biomass appears to be a main mechanism of acclimation in response to iron limitation
Kalkounos, Ioannis. "Étude de la déficience en fer, chez le concombre, et de sa correction en culture hors sol." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT019A.
Full textThoiron, Séverine. "Conséquences physiologiques et moléculaires de la carence en fer chez le mai͏̈s à des stades précoces de développement." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20242.
Full textAke, Michèle. "Vitamines A, E et fer,statut de l'enfant d'âge pré-scolaire en Côte d'Ivoire : Apports en nutriments de l'alimentation traditionnelle." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON13506.
Full textMazars, Marlène. "Socialisation et sens moral chez l'enfant abandonnique : étude réalisée en institution sur 10 cas d'enfants et d'adolescents." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0026.
Full textLapillonne, Alexandre. "Étude du métabolisme des acides gras polyinsaturés chez l'enfant." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T006.
Full textLican, Carine. "Carence affective et nutritionnelle dans la vallée du Maroni (Guyane Française)." Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0020.
Full textBrange, Anne-Marie. "Carence martiale et anémie ferriprive chez les nourrissons et petits enfants hospitalisés de 10 mois à 3 ans en Martinique." Antilles-Guyane, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGUY0167.
Full textToddlers are one of the main high risk population for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia. What about hospitalised children at Lamentin's hospital in Martinique? Among the 105 included children, the prevalence of ID is 26. 6 % and the prevalence of IDA IS 13. 3 %. The two risks factors for IDA are : cow's milk, and; long breast-feeding duration associated with beginning solid food after 6 month. The consequences of IDA are developmental delays and behavioural disturbances. Therefore prevention against IDA must be considered by all medical profesion
Marguet, Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude des pathologies du métabolisme phosphocalcique : étude de la sous-unité de la proteine G stimulatrice de l'adényl-cyclase (Gsα)." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES035.
Full textHéno, Philippe. "Vitamine A, malnutrition et risque infectieux chez l'enfant : à propos d'une étude menée sur une population de 174 enfants en République de Côte d'Ivoire." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25218.
Full textMoya-Alvarez, Violeta. "Facteurs de risque de paludisme chez la femme enceinte et le jeune enfant au Bénin." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066539/document.
Full textIn Benin malaria and nutritional deficiencies are the main diseases contributing to the disease burden. Therefore, preventive strategies targetting both diseases have been deployed for over 10 years. Pregnancy-associated malaria (PAM) is responsible for maternal anaemia, placental malaria and low birth weight (<2500g). To prevent PAM, the WHO recommends the intermittent preventive treatmentduring pregnancy (IPTp). Considering that IPTp has an effect on PAM, and thereby influences the exposure of the fœtus to the parasite, we wanted to investigate the possible effect of IPTp on malaria in infants. In parallel, iron supplements are recommended during pregnancy to prevent maternal anemia. As there is some epidemiological evidence that iron might enhance malaria episodes and their severity we wanted to analyse the association of iron levels with malaria in pregnancy and infancy. Therefore, we conducted a cohort study of 1005 pregnant women and 400 infants from 2010 to 2012 in Allada (Benin). We showed that IPTp duration (number of days between doses) was inversely correlated with malaria risk and P. falciparum parasitemia, possibly due to the reduction of the exposure of the fœtus to the parasite in utero. We also found that iron levels during pregnancy and infancy were associated to increased malaria risk and P. falciparum parasitemia, with a possible dose effect. In a context of growing resistance to SP, IPTp doses and observance should increase. In addition, complementary interventional data are needed to determine the benefits and risks of differently dosed iron supplements, in order to ascertain their impact on infant health in malaria-endemic regions
Leblanc, Caroline P. "Effet de la déficience en fer maternelle sur le métabolisme des acides gras essentiels et des éicosanoïdes et sur l'apprentissage spatial et le processus de mémoire de la progéniture chez le cochon d'Inde." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20970.
Full textAkpaki, Kossi. "Évaluation et analyse des déterminants du comportement alimentaire et de l'environnement alimentaire reliés à la consommation des aliments riches en fer chez les enfants âgés de 6-23 mois au Sénégal." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69598.
Full textIn Senegal, more than seven out of ten children aged 6-59 months suffer from anemia. Moreover, child feeding practices are inadequate in the country; thus, less than half of children aged 6-23 months had consumed iron rich foods (IRF) during the days covered by the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey. In the region of Matam, located in north of Senegal, 74 % of children aged 6-59 months suffer from anemia. In order to assess factors underlying the provision of IRF to children aged 6-23 months, we conducted a cross-sectional study from January to July 2018 in four localities of the Matam region. An extended version of the theory of planned behaviour was used to assess, amongst the determinants of food environment and the psychosocial factors of mothers, which were the best predictors of the provision of IRF to children aged 6-23 months. Interviews with heads of households and mothers of children as well as direct observation methods and focus group discussions were used to assess the determinants of food environment. Psychosocial factors and mothers' intention to provide IRF to their children were assessed using a questionnaire with pictograms developed and validated in this study. A total of 103 households were included in this study. Overall, 65% of mothers had given IRF, mainly fish, to their children the day before the survey. Attitude (? = 0.26; p = 0.015) and subjective norm (? = 0.22; p = 0.047) were the psychosocial factors associated with mothers' intention to provide IRF to their children. Furthermore, 64% of households were severely food insecure. Food availability at the community and household level as well as socioeconomic status of the household were the determinants of household food insecurity. Child's age (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.03 - 1.26, p = 0.012) and household food insecurity score (OR = 0.80, 95% CI % = 0.68 - 0.96, p = 0.014) were the main predictors of the provision of IRF to children aged 6-23 months in the present study. The results obtained during the current research may help to better target behaviour change interventions by ensuring that from the age of six months, iron rich foods are offered to young children in the study setting.
Trapet, Pauline. "Incidence physiologique et étude du mode d'action de la pyoverdine de Pseudomonas fluorescens chez Arabidopsis thaliana : liens avec l'homéostasie du fer, la croissance et les défenses." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS053/document.
Full textSiderophores are strong iron chelators produced by bacteria under iron deficiency conditions. In the present work, we studied the impact of the siderophore pyoverdine, produced by the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens C7R12, on plant physiology from phenotypic to molecular effects with a specific focus on plant growth, immune response and iron homeostasis. Based on our analysis of the mode of action of the non-protein amino acid β-aminobutyric acid (BABA), a priming inducer in plants, we studied more specifically the functional link between iron homeostasis and plant immunity. Under iron deficiency, P. fluorescens excretes the iron free form of pyoverdine (apo-pyo) in the soil. Once chelated with iron (ferri-pyo), the complex is internalized by the bacteria. We demonstrated that Arabidopsis thaliana plants treated by apo-pyo in a medium containing or not iron (Fe 25 or Fe 0) also internalize pyoverdine. Moreover, we observed that under iron deficiency, pyoverdine treated plants did not display the growth reduction induced by iron deficiency. In accordance with this phenotype, a microarray analysis revealed that the expression of genes related to growth and development was induced, as well as genes related to iron uptake and transport in planta. In contrast, the down regulation of the expression of genes related to defense was observed. Correspondingly, we demonstrated that the growth improvement induced by apo-pyo under iron deficiency depends on the expression of IRT1 and FRO2, two major genes involved in iron uptake mechanisms. Of interest, the resistance to Botrytis cinerea conferred by iron deficiency was lost following apo-pyo treatment. The overexpression of the HBI1 transcription factor, known to be involved in the growth-defense tradeoff, can be linked to the above observations. These apo-pyo effects were not observed after treatment of plants under sufficient iron conditions, indicating that in A. thaliana apo-pyo effects are dependent on the plant iron status. In the same time, the analysis of the mode of action of BABA that potentiates plant defense responses demonstrated that BABA is a powerful iron chelator. BABA treatment in A. thaliana triggered a transient iron deficiency response. Based on this assessment, we assume that iron deficiency response and priming of defense may be connected. In accordance with this hypothesis, we showed that plants cultivated under iron deficiency and BABA treated plants both displayed resistance to B. cinerea and produced secondary metabolites associated to defense. Hence, the BABA priming effects on plant defense may be due to the induction of transient iron deficiency. To conclude, this work draws first explications on pyoverdine effects on plant physiology and presents an original mode of action contributing to the priming effects of BABA. In a larger view, this work supports the recent concept of the existence of a cross-regulation between growth, immunity and iron homeostasis in plants
Savadogo, Léon. "VIH/SIDA et malnutrition sévère: prise en charge de l'enfant en unité de réhabilitation nutritionnelle au Burkina Faso." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210676.
Full textLes travaux ont été réalisés au Burkina Faso. Le contexte géographique est favorable au développement des maladies infectieuses et parasitaires. La mortalité infanto juvénile y est élevée et ainsi que la proportion d’enfant malnutris. Bien que la courbe de la prévalence du VIH montre un début de ralentissement, l’infection continue de progresser chez les enfants.
Principales conclusions et implications de nos travaux :
&
Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Vanderpas, Jean. "L'hypothyroïdie juvénile endémique en Ubangi, Zaïre." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213084.
Full textNote des Bibliothèques :la thèse du Dr Vanderpas a été défendue en 1991 mais il n'est techniquement pas possible d'indiquer cette date dans le logiciel Bictel/e.
Première partie :Fonction thyroïdienne de la naissance à 7 ans chez les enfants d’un essai clinique de supplémentation d’huile iodée versus placebo à la femme enceinte.
L’endémie goitreuse du Nord-Congo (République démocratique, ex-Zaïre) a fait l’objet d’un programme de santé publique de prévention du goitre et du crétinisme dans le cadre du Centre d’Etudes Médicales de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles pour les actions de coopération de 1974 à 1995. Le partenaire congolais était l’Institut de Recherche Scientifique et le Bureau National des Troubles dus à la Carence Iodée.
Le présente travail s’inscrit dans ce contexte et analyse plus particulièrement la fonction thyroïdienne chez l’enfant de zéro à sept ans, dans la continuité d’un suivi d’un essai clinique pharmacologique randomisé et contrôlé (RCT, Randomised Clinical Trial) de phase 2 consistant à administrer une huile iodée (Lipiodol®) à des femmes enceintes se présentant à la maternité de Karawa. Cette cohorte de femmes enceintes a été précédemment étudiée par le Professeur Claude-Hector Thilly*.
Chez les enfants nés de mères non supplémentées en iode, l’histoire fonction thyroïdienne se caractérise comme suit :
Dans cette région, le manioc est connu pour son rôle goitrogène, au travers de son contenu en glucosides cyanogènes, et il avait été précédemment démontré que le thiocyanate élevé des mères passait librement la barrière placentaire. Au cours de la première année de vie, lorsque les nourrissons sont essentiellement alimentés au sein, le thiocyanate sérique diminue fortement et se rapproche de valeurs observées chez des enfants d’autres régions non exposés au manioc. La dégradation de la fonction thyroïdienne au cours de la deuxième année de vie coïncide avec l’introduction du manioc dans l’alimentation. Pour une valeur de concentration urinaire en iode stable au cours des 7 premières années de vie, la prévalence de goitre et les variations de T4 et TSH sériques suivent celles du thiocyanate sérique. Cela est confirmé au travers d’une analyse multi-variée qui met en évidence l’association entre les valeurs moyennes de TSH et T4 et les concentrations urinaires en iode et en thiocyanate.
L’administration intra-musculaire d’huile iodée prévient les altérations de la fonction thyroïdienne chez la mère (Thilly 1978), et cette protection s’étend chez l’enfant jusqu’à 24 mois, c’est-à-dire jusqu’à ce que l’allaitement maternel reste le principal apport nutritionnel. Au-delà de 24 mois, des altérations de la fonction thyroïdienne apparaissent chez certains de ces enfants (Elévation de la TSH et abaissement de la T4), et au-delà de 4 ans, la fréquence des altérations de la fonction thyroïdienne est aussi fréquente chez les enfants de mères traitées que chez les enfants de mères non traitées.
Au vu de la fréquence fort élevée d’altérations de la fonction thyroïdienne entre 4 et 7 ans (2/3 ont une TSH anormalement élevée > 10 mU/L), seuls certains enfants présentent les stigmates d’une hypothyroïdie prolongée depuis le début de l’existence. Il apparaît qu’il y a lieu de distinguer des hypothyroïdies juvéniles de durée, de sévérité, et de timing différents. Si l’hypothyroïdie juvénile est aussi fréquente au-delà de 4 ans dans les deux groupes de l’étude, les stigmates cliniques d’hypothyroïdie persistante sont plus fréquemment observés chez les enfants nés de mères non supplémentées en iode que chez les autres. De plus, la sévérité des stigmates cliniques (degré d’arriération mentale ;importance du retard de développement statural) démontre que l’hypothyroïdie persistante s’est installée plus précocement chez ertains enfants nés de mères non supplémentées en iode que chez les autres. Dans les formes les plus sévères, l’évolution staturale et le niveau d’intelligence de ces enfants avec hypothyroïdie persistante sont compatibles avec le tableau clinique de crétinisme myxédémateux endémique décrits chez le sujet adulte par les Professeurs François Delange et Jacques Dumont.
Deuxième partie: étude du métabolisme iodé chez les enfants hypothyroïdiens et mise en évidence de la carence combinée en iode et en sélénium.
Certains enfants hypothyroïdiens le sont depuis longtemps (depuis la naissance, éventuellement), d’autres le sont transitoirement, sans que leur hypothyroïdie passagère ne laisse de séquelles évidentes en termes de retard statural ou d’arriération mentale.
Ceux qui sont en hypothyroïdie persistante au-delà de 4 ans ont une fonction thyroïdienne altérée :lorsqu’on leur administre de l’iode, leur glande ne répond pas à cette correction de carence iodée, et ils demeurent profondément hypothyroïdiens. Ce phénomène de non réponse à la correction de la carence iodée n’estpas observé chez les enfants hypothyroïdiens plus jeunes :cela démontre qu’il y a, chez certains enfants, une perte progressive de la capacité fonctionnelle de la thyroïde à répondre à la supplémentation iodée. Ces sujets développent le tableau clinique de crétin myxédémateux endémique.
On constate que l’hypothyroïdie juvénile recouvre un vaste spectre depuis les cas d’hypothyroïdie transitoire jusqu’aux cas d’hypothyroïdie irréversible, même après correction de la carence iodée.
Sur base d’hypothèse physiopathologique de cette perte de capacité fonctionnelle de la thyroïde chez certains jeunes enfants, il a été proposé qu’une carence combinée en iode et en sélénium pourrait expliquer ce processus. Une telle carence combinée a été décrite dans notre travail dans la région goitreuse du Nord-Congo, et pas dans d’autres régions non goitreuses du même pays ou dans d’autres endémies goitreuses avec peu de crétinisme myxédémateux endémique (Soudan, Sénégal).
*Thilly Claude-Hector, Delange François, Lagasse Raphael, Bourdoux Pierre, Ramioul L, Berquist Helen, Ermans André-Marie. Fetal hypothyroidism and maternal thyroid status in severe endemic goiter. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.
Agrégation de l'enseignement supérieur, Orientation médecine
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Maire, Bernard. "Prévalence de la malnutrition du jeune enfant : du probabiliste au réel." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20313.
Full textCalandre, Natacha. "Pratiques et perception des risques nutritionnels : les mères face aux malnutritions infantiles au Vietnam." École nationale supérieure agronomique (Montpellier), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSA0006.
Full textOliveira, Pedro. "Les rapports père/enfant et le développement psychosocial du sujet." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20031/document.
Full textOur research introduces a study on father/child relationship, having as objective the psychosocial development of the subject. We adopt the approach which allots to the family a paramount role in the personal development process of all the psychological subjects. It is analyzed the characteristics and the consequences of the relation between a father and his child (in quantitative and qualitative terms), thus as is identified a whole of the characteristics which the children associate with the role of the father. We used a mixed methodology which consists of a cognitive analysis (through the accomplishment of a “Pilot-study” and a “Questionnaire of father/child relationship”) and of a clinical analysis (through the accomplishment of case studies) having the Portuguese population as a reference index. The analysis of given cognitive and clinical data reveals that the quality, the quantity of father/child relationship and the fact that father and child live together constitute crucial factors on the father/child relational dynamic, and confirms that the biological father assumes a decisive importance during the life of his child
Jagodnik, Jonathan. "Multiples mécanismes de régulation post-transcriptionnelle chez les bactéries : des structures d’ARN messager aux ARN régulateurs." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC111/document.
Full textIn order to perfectly adapt to their environment, bacteria require a tight gene expression regulation. This can occur through post-transcriptional control by numerous regulatory RNAs (or small RNAs, sRNAs). These sRNAs can target mRNAs, leading to a fast regulation of protein synthesis. Most often, sRNAs base-pair with their target mRNAs at the ribosome binding site (RBS), therefore competing with the ribosome for the binding with the mRNA and repressing gene expression. However, many other regulatory mechanisms involve sRNAs. We have demonstrated that the two sRNAs OmrA and OmrB, conserved among enterobacteria, repress the synthesis of the FepA receptor for iron-enterobactin complexes through base-pairing with a secondary structure within fepA mRNA. This stem-loop structure is located downstream of fepA RBS, and most surprisingly, promotes 30S ribosomal subunit binding to fepA mRNA, therefore activating FepA synthesis. Similar stem-loop structures have been predicted in other mRNAs, such as the bamA mRNA encoding the essential subunit of the Bam outer membrane protein assembly complex. As for fepA mRNA, the stem-loop found in bamA mRNA also promotes ribosome binding, showing that this regulatory mechanism could be widespread considering the strong conservation of bamA among Gram negative bacteria. Moreover, these results challenge the commonly admitted view of mRNA secondary structures being repressors of gene expression. Two other sRNAs also repress fepA expression in an OmrA/B-independent fashion, namely SdsR and RseX. For each of these sRNAs, the regulatory mechanism involved is different. Indeed, SdsR most likely acts through two distinct binding sites, one of which leading to a classical competition with the ribosome binding. Meanwhile, RseX repression requires most of fepA 5’UTR, including sequences at about 100nt upstream of the start codon. Finally, each of these sRNAs is expressed upon diverse stimuli, considerably extending our knowledge of the signals leading to fepA regulation, for which only the Fur-dependent derepression upon iron starvation was known. This work highlights the great versatility of regulatory mechanisms involving RNAs. This illustrates how RNAs structural flexibility and sequence diversity is a key source of diversity for evolution
Ning, Ling Han. "La vie psychique et sociale des enfants dans les orphelinats chinois." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H001/document.
Full textMy research aims to psychic and social life of children in Chinese orphanages. These children are often abandoned because of their disability. They are placed as a result of the failure of their parents following a death, pauperism, imprisonment, or the difficulties they face leading to the abandonment of the child. I wonder how these children in Chineseorphanages will organize themselves socially and psychologically to deal with the double trauma: abandonment and placement. To test the effects of emotional deprivation crossed with the abandonment and institutionalization, an exploratory research, which consists of field observation and interviews with three nurses is carried out in two Chinese orphanages. And then, the data collection was conducted with 16 children from 7 to 12 years with the methodological tools: the interview with children, drawing and testing stories. The analysis of data collected is based on three vectors that underlie the organization of the psychic life of an individual : self-representation, representation of his relationship with others, defense mechanisms implemented. The presentation of results is divided into two parts: comprehensive study of data (comprehensive study of the interviews, comprehensive study of the drawings, comprehensive study of the test stories) and case studies (7 cases among the samples are selected for in-depth studies). The results show that these children have deficiencies in self-representation which are detected by the self-esteem damaged and negative feelings, deficiencies in their relationship with others of the order of pathology of the link, and to deal with their situation, some children may enter into a process of resilience which is observed by the defense mechanisms they use or by reference to a guardian of resilience
Sochacki, Jean luc. "La scolarité des enfants d'immigrés polonais en Normandie (Société Métallurgique de Normandie et Société des mines de Soumont) : entre cοntexte paternaliste et vοlοnté identitaire (1919-1939)." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC019/document.
Full textIn 1919, a Franco-Polish convention aiming to encourage the dispatch of Polish workers to France was signed. In this text, nothing was mentioned as to how the Polish children of work-ers and parents were to be educated, yet the latter were asking their employers that classes be opened and held in Polish for their children. The idea that this was temporary and the hope of soon returning to their homeland then prevailed in all minds. As from the early 1920s, and facing this unconsidered educational issue, French authorities had to contend with the setting up of Polish classes, among other things under the aegis of the mining companies. The Polish State, on its part, was also looking into the situation, and, in 1924, the issue of opening Polish language and culture classes for immigrant children was raised during the Franco-Polish Con-ference that was being held in Paris. At this point in time, French authorities were refusing to legislate and institutionalise these courses. But to not upset this major Polish partner, the Central Committee of French Coal Mines, through the intermediary of Henri de Peyerimhoff, drew up a letter in which it encour-aged employers to implement this type of lesson in two ways: in private schools as in state schools. Further to this, between 1925 and 1939, five circulars were published by the French Ministry of Public Instruction to assert and specify which principles were to regulate these lessons held for foreign children, be they immigrants or born to immigrant ancestors. Studying the Polish communities who settled in the industrial and paternalistic areas based near Caen (in the Calvados department), the SMN-SMS (Metallurgical Society of Normandy – “Société des Mines de Soumont”) and the Polish classes that were instituted enables us to answer several questions. We can thus wonder, initially, what these classes for foreign chil-dren consisted in (context, organisation, funding), but most of all how these classes/school structures went against a desire to integrate. Taking an interest in the relationships the various stakeholders had with one another is also relevant. The French and Polish authorities, miners, the mining board and C.C.F.C.M. (C.C.H.F in French), and through this establish the place, the role an instructor had in a Polish community in France
Plante, Céline. "Statut et apports en fer chez les femmes non enceintes du Nunavik /." 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25265/25265.pdf.
Full textLeblanc, Caroline P. "Effet de la déficience en fer maternelle sur le métabolisme des acides gras essentiels et des éicosanoïdes et sur l'apprentissage spatial et le processus de mémoire de la progéniture chez le cochon d'Inde /." 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26321/26321.pdf.
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